PROTOZOA (Intestinal)

Scientific name Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba coli Endolimax nana Chilomastix mesnili Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis Balantidium coli
Diagnostic stage trophozoite, cyst trophozoite, cyst trophozoite, cyst trophozoite, cyst trophozoite, cyst trophozoite cyst
Infective stage cyst trophozoite, cyst trophozoite, cyst cyst cyst trophozoite cyst
Size range 10-60 μm 12-50 μm 6-15 μm 6-24 μm 10-20 μm 0-30 50-70 μm
Shape elongated elongated ovoidal and irregular shaped pear-shaped teardrop-shaped ovoid or pear-shaped ovoid; sac-shaped
# of nuclei 1 1 1 1 2 1 2; 1 macro and 1 micro
1; large and eccentric; blot- 1; small and central or
Endosome 1; small and central 1; large and eccentric 2; large and central
like eccenric
Peripheral fine and evenly or cogwheel coarse and unevenly
Trophozoite

lack of peripheral chromatin lack of peripheral chromatin lack of peripheral chromatin evenly distibuted
chromatin distributed distributed
clear ectoplasm with finely
Cytoplasm granular endoplasm; ground coarsely granular granular; vacuolated granular
glass appearance
2 contactile vacuoles; small
2 median bodies; 2
prominent cytostome in funnel-shaped; cytostome;
Inclusions or axostyles. 2 large suction undulating membrane;
RBCs bacteria bacteria 1/3-1/2 length of body; bacteria; has a tapering
other features disks from anterior; 2 prominent axostyle
spiral groove anterior end; largest
parabasal or median bodies
protozoa in humans
Size range 10-20 μm 10-33 μm 5-10 μm 6-10 μm 8-19 μm 45-65 μm
Shape spherical spherical oval lemon-shaped oval spherical
# of nuclei 4 8 4 1 4 2; 1 macro and 1 micro
Endosome 1; small and central 1; large and eccentric 1; large and central; blot-like 1; large and central 4; large and central
Peripheral fine and evenly or cogwheel coarse and unevenly
Cyst

lack of peripheral chromatin lack of peripheral chromatin lack of peripheral chromatin

chromatin distributed distributed
Cytoplasm finely granular coarsely granular granular; vacuolated retracted from cell wall
chromatoid bodies with chromatoid bodies with chromatin granules; diffuse clear hyaline knob from the contactile vacuoles; small
Inclusions or 4 parabasal or median
bluntly rounded ends; splinter ends; diffuse glycogen mass; absence of anterior end; cytostome cytostome; bacteria; has a
other features bodies; refractile flagella
diffuse glycogen mass glycogen mass chromatoid bodies beside nucleus tapering anterior end
4 pairs of flagella wherein 2 all flagella originate from
4 flagella wherein 3 are
pairs are from central, 1 pair anterior; 3-5 extends
Motility pseudopods; progressive pseudopods; nonprogressive pseudopods; nonprogressive from anterior and 1 is from cilia; rotary; boring
is from anterior and 1 pair is anterior while 1 extends
posterior; rotary; stiff
from posterior; falling-leaf posterior; rapid; jerky
Mode of
ingestion; oro-fecal ingestion ingestion ingestion; fomites ingestion; fomites; oro-fecal coitus or sexual intercourse ingestion; oro-fecal
Transmission
mucosal surface of vagina in
Habitat colon large intestine intestine cecum and colon small intestine female; prostate gland and ileum
urethral epithelium in male
extraintestinal amoebiasis, non-pathogenic; dyspepsia, non-pathogenic; balantidiasis, dysentery,
Pathogenecity amoebic dysentery, amoebic hyperacidity, gastritis, and intermittent or chronic non-pathogenic giardiasis, traveler’s disease leukorrhea, pruritus vulva diarrhea, ulceration,
colitis, ulcer, peritonitis indigestion diarrhea anorexia
formalin-ether formalin-ether
formalin-ether
concentration technique; concentration technique;
concentration technique;
Clinical Test staining of iron hematoxylin staining of iron hematoxylin Pap smear direct fecal smear
staining of iron hematoxylin
and trichrome stain; abscess and trichrome stain;
and trichrome stain
aspiration duodenal & jejunal aspirate;
Treatment Iodoquinol; Metronidazole Metronidazole; Iodoquinol Mebendazole; steroids Iodoquinol; Metronidazole

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