Basic Principles

1. Principle Of Individual Differences

Definition

“Individual differences stand for the variations or deviations among individuals in regard to a
single characteristic or a number of characteristics.” -Carter B. Good

Types of individual differences

• Physical difference – Difference in acquired physical characteristics.
• Mental difference - People differ in intellectual abilities and capacities. idiot, imbecile,
moron, border line, normal, very superior and genius
• Emotional difference - Individuals also differ in the manner they express their emotions. •
Differences in psychomotor skills - Individuals are found to differ with regard to development
and acquisition of one or more types of skills.
 Differences in achievement - Differences exist in achievement and in knowledge among
individuals.
• Differences in interests and aptitudes - Variations occur among the individuals in relation to the
specific tastes and interests.
• Learning Differences - Some learn more easily and are able to make use of their learning more
comfortably than others.
• Difference in attitudes, beliefs and opinions

2. Principle Of Conservativeness
3. The Principle Of Creativity And Innovation (Today And Future)

The Principle of Creativity and Innovation is defining as the ability or capability to produce and
create an original concept or idea and transform it to some forms of expression like a piece of
art or craft, a musical score or a literary piece.

4. The Principle Of Linking With Real Life

The principle of “linked lives”—that the lives of individuals affect and are affected by

the lives of others—is repeated as a mantra in life course literature. And yet this stands in
direct contrast to the state of research, which largely treats individuals as if they exist in isolation
of others.

5. The Principle Of Leisure

Definition of Leisure:

1. Freedom or spare time provided by the cessation of activities;

2. free time as a result of temporary exemption from work or duties;
3. a time at one's own command that is free of engagements or responsibilities;
4. a period of unemployed time;
5. Opportunity provided by free time.
Dimensions of Leisure

• Time • Activity • Experience

6. The Principle Of Need

The idea that resources should be allocated according to need—is often invoked in priority
setting in the health care sector. ... I argue that need must be conceptualized as a composite
property composed of at least two factors: health shortfall and capacity to benefit.

7. The Principle Of Loyalty

Loyalty is the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for someone or something.

The quality or state or an instance of being loyal

8. The Principle Of All Development Of Mind

The mind is a set of cognitive faculties

including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory. It is usually
defined as the faculty of an entity's thoughts and consciousness. It holds the power of imagination,
recognition, and appreciation, and is responsible for processing feelings and emotions, resulting in
attitudes and actions.
9. The Principle Of Mind/Body

If mind and body can exist apart, then our soul can survive the death of our body. More
important than that, though, (for Descartes, at least) is that substance dualism ensures that
physics boils down to geometry. Physics is the study of physical substances.

10. The Principle Of Student Centered

Student-centered learning is a process of learning that puts the needs of the students over the
conveniences of planning, policy, and procedure.

4 Principles Of Student-Centered Learning

Space

 Creative
 Dynamic
 Mobile
 Emotionally safe
 Cognitively agitating

Place

 That honors their history

 That stirs their enthusiasm & curiosity
 That they connect with in fundamentally “non-academic” ways
 That reflects their needs
 That they believe they can impact

Voice

 In assessment & curriculum forms (e.g., PBL)

 That grows as their understanding does
 That reflects who they really are
 In classroom conversations
 In local community & around national
 & global events

Choice

 In content & priority

 In media forms and content distribution
 In audiences for their work
 In learning strategies, literacy strategies, etc.
  In pace & sequence

11. The Vertical And Horizontal Approach

A horizontal approach to infection prevention and control measures refers to broad-

based approaches attempting reduction of all infections due to all pathogens, while a vertical
approach refers to a narrow-based program focusing on a single pathogen.

12. The Principle Of Progressive Comprehensiveness

 Stakeholder’s role in curriculum design

Stakeholders are individuals or institutions that are interested in the curriculum. Teachers are

the stakeholders who plan, design, and teachers, implement and evaluate the curriculum. No
doubt, the most important person in curriculum implementation is the teacher. Teachers'
influence upon learners cannot be measured.

Role of Teachers and Parents

Role of parents and teachers in a child's life. School, teachers and parents play vital role in

holistic development of the child. ... Children behave, react and imitate same as
their parents. Parents play important role in encouraging and motivating their kids to learn.
Role of administrative and community

Administrative staff in the Disability, Community and Aged Care sector plays an

important role behind-the-scenes, organizing and ensuring everything runs smoothly.
Administration roles include: Administrative Officers. Receptionists.

Responsibilities and Duties:

1. To plan, organize, and administer the activities of his/her department, office, or

division efficiently.
2. To keep informed of new developments relating to his/her function and to
maintain a creative and experimental attitude toward change, in order to
continuously improve the operation of his/her area of responsibility.
3. To recommend the organizational structure and staffing that complement
his/her area of responsibility.
 4. To recommend the budget for his/her department, office, or division and, within
limitations established by the board or President, to administer his/her budget.
5. To provide information and reports to the board at the request of the President.
6. To perform any other duties assigned or gave by his/her immediate supervisor.

Role of political activists and media

Role of pressure groups

A pressure group is a group of people, who come together with the sole aim of influencing
government policies and laws in their favour. Their main functions are: Linking the government
to the people Promoting participation in government Sourcing of information to government
Checks dictatorship Promoting the interest of the minority Influencing legislation.