GENETICS 2.

PHYSIOLOGICAL / FUNCTIONAL
- Field of biology about heredity and variations
 Biochemical & Biophysical process
- Study of genes
- Inability to absorb glucose
- Parents to offspring (heredity)
- Inability to distinguish colors (color blind)
- Failure to perform photosynthesis
Derived from greek word - Inability to synthesize certain amino acid

 GENETIKOS – Genetive 3. BEHAVIORAL

 GENESIS – Origin
- Combined structural & physiological traits
 GENEA – Genes
- Pattern of reactions to it’s environment
Ex. IQ, Mental Retardation, Tolerance Level, Phobia
GEN
4. SEXUAL
- To produce, to become or to grow into something
- Capacity for reproduction together with the
PHENOTYPE features associated with it

- Variations Observable features

o FEMALE GONAD OVARY
GENOTYPE o MALE GONAD TESTIS
o FEMALE GAMETES EGG CELL
- Type of genes or heredity material organism
o MALE GAMETES SPERM CELL
PHENOCOPIES
 PRIMARY SEXUAL TRAITS
- Environmental alteration - Differences in external genitalia and gonads
Ex. Straightening curly hair
 SECONDARY SEXUAL TRAITS
- Non sexual but related to mating and bearing of
BASIC QUALITY OF ORGANISM youngs
- Developed breast in female
 Similarities - Smaller body of male frogs
 Differences  AMPLEXUS
 Provides raw material for adaptation - False population (intercourse)
 Frog’s thumb is swollen during mating season
VARIATIONS because they help the female frog to let go of eggs

- Traits of organism may include 5. CONTINUOUS VARIATION

similarities – species characteristics - When the characteristic varies in a small amount
differences – individual characteristics between individuals
Ex. Height, Weight
TYPES OF VARIATIONS
6. DISCONTINUOUS VARIATION
1. MORPHOLOGICAL/STRUCTURAL
- Where individuals fall into a number of distinct
Physical traits/gross anatomical features classes or categories, and is based on features that
Ex. Shape, Color of eyes cannot be measured across a complete range.
Ex. Tongue rolling, SEX
CELLULAR, SUBCELLULAR & MOLECULAR TRAITS
CAUSES OF VARIATIONS
- Kind of hemoglobin in RBC
- Kind of glycoproteins on the cell membrane 1. GENES (INHERITED)
- Kind of DNA - Sex determination
- Mental retardation
- Infant deformities

2. ENVIRONMENTAL (ACQUIRED)

- Physical deformities
- Obesity = also belong to the genes