Taller de Química

1. Realice 5 ejercicios de peso molecular.

a. 𝐻𝐹𝑂2

H: 1, 0079 ≈ 1 * 1 = 1g de H
F: 18,998 ≈ 19 * 1 = 19g de F
O: 15,999 ≈ 16 * 2 = 32g de O
PESO MOLECULAR 𝑯𝑭𝑶𝟐 = 52g

b. 𝐻3 𝑃𝑂4

H: 1, 0079 ≈ 1 * 3 = 3g de H
P: 30,9738 ≈ 31 * 1 = 31g de P
O: 15,999 ≈ 16 * 4 = 64g de O
PESO MOLECULAR 𝑯𝟑 𝑷𝑶𝟒 = 98g

c. 𝐹𝑒3 (𝑆𝑏𝑂4 )2

Fe: 55, 847 ≈ 56 * 3 = 168g de Fe

Sb: 121,75 ≈ 122 * 2 = 244g de Sb
O: 15,999 ≈ 16 * 8 = 128g de O
PESO MOLECULAR 𝑭𝒆𝟑 (𝑺𝒃𝑶𝟒 )𝟐 = 540g

d. 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

Na: 22, 9898 ≈ 23 * 1 = 23g de Na

Cl: 35,5 ≈ 35 * 1 = 35g de Cl
PESO MOLECULAR 𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍= 58g

e. 𝐶12 𝐻22 𝑂11

C: 12,0 ≈ 12 * 12 = 144g de C
H: 1,0079 ≈ 1 * 22 = 244g de Sb
O: 15,999 ≈ 16 * 11 = 128g de O
PESO MOLECULAR 𝑪𝟏𝟐 𝑯𝟐𝟐 𝑶𝟏𝟏 = 342g

2. Realice 5 ejercicios del número de Avogadro.

a. ¿Cuantos átomos hay en 8,9 moles de Aluminio (Al)?

6,022𝑋1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠
8,9 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙 ∗ ( ) = 5,36𝑋1024 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝑙
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴𝑙

b. ¿Cuantos átomos hay en 3,2 moles de Calcio (Ca)?

6,022𝑋1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠
3,2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎 ∗ ( ) = 1,93𝑋1024 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐶𝑎
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎

c. ¿Cuantos átomos hay en 5,1 moles de Sodio (Na)?

6,022𝑋1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠
5,1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎 ∗ ( ) = 3,07𝑋1024 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑁𝑎
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎

d. ¿Cuantos átomos hay en 18,7 moles de Cloro (Cl)?

6,022𝑋1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠
18,7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑙 ∗ ( ) = 1,13𝑋1025 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝐶𝑙
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑙

e. ¿Cuantos átomos hay en 4,6 moles de Fosforo (P)?

6,022𝑋1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠
4,6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑃 ∗ ( ) = 2,77𝑋1024 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑃
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑃
3. Realice un crucigrama con 30 términos sobre los tipos de nomenclatura inorgánica
Verticales

1. Unit used to express the amount of a certain substance.

2. Element that most times has charge +1.
3. Acid binary compound in which hydrogen is bound to a non-metal.
4. Chemical compound, formed by a metal and diverse hydroxyl anions, instead of oxygen as it
happens with the various metals, like nitrogen and sodium, since these resemble in their forms. It is
characterized by its functional group Hydroxyl (OH-1).
5. Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms of a molecule of a specific compound.
7. Indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom that is part of a compound or other chemical
species.
8. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains five atoms.
9. Nomenclature that is based on naming the compounds using Greek numerical prefixes that
indicate the atomicity of each of the elements present in each molecule.
14. Total number of protons that each atom of a certain element has.
15. Element that most times has charge -2.
18. Those compounds that are formed by different elements, but in which the main component is
not always carbon, water being the most abundant.
20. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains seven atoms.
21. Nomenclature consisting of naming the compounds by writing at the end of the name with
Roman numerals the atomic valence of the element.
25. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains three atoms.
27. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains one atoms.

Horizontales

5. Electrically neutral and sufficiently stable group of at least two atoms in a defined configuration,
joined by strong chemical bonds.
6. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains two atoms.
10. Suffix used for the second valence, when the element has four oxidation states.
11. Suffix and prefix used for the first valence, when the element has four oxidation states.
12. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains four atoms.
13. Nomenclature that consists in indicating the oxidation state (valence) of the specific name
element with a series of suffixes and prefixes.
16. Number of constituent particles of a substance (usually atoms or molecules) that can be found
in the amount of one mole of said substance.
17. Chemical compound that arises with the combination of oxygen and a metal.
19. Chemical compound formed by any element and a hydrogen.
22. Lesser quantity of a chemical element that has its own existence and that is considered as
indivisible.
23. Numerical prefix indicating that the compound or element contains six atoms.
24. Total mass of protons and neutrons in a single atom.
26. Science that studies both the composition, structure and properties of matter, and the changes
it undergoes during chemical reactions and their relationship with energy.
28. Suffix and prefix used for the fourth valence, when the element has four oxidation states.
29. Suffix used for the third valence, when the element has four oxidation states.