Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
me/upsc_pdf
🌨Geography ⚖️Polity
- NCERT: First class11-12’s four textbooks on - Indian Polity by M.Laxmikanth
physical, Indian & human geography. Then NCERT - Governance in India by Laxmikanth.
7-10 Social Science- only those chapters which are - IYB20: ch.2,3, 20, 28.
not covered in Class 11-12. - Current: Notable judgements, Committees,
- Rajtanil’s Geography Lecture series on Youtube. appointments.
- Goh Cheng Leong: All chapters EXCEPT 4 to 10. - PrsIndia.org: passed acts
- Majid Hussain’s Geography of India: All chapters - (Selective) NCERT Socio and PolSci 11-12
EXCEPT 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 16. ☮️International Relations (IR)
- If time, IYB-2020* ch. 1 and 30, else ignore it.
- Pavneet Singh’s IR Book. Followed by CA from
🌽Agriculture Newspaper/PDF/Mags.
- NCERT Geography, Science Textbooks, Followed ⚔️History-Culture
by CA* related to biotech
- No need for old NCERTs.
- Agri’s Economy / Scheme / Budget angles from
- Refer to TN Class11-12, New NCERT
Mrunal’s class & handout
- Nitin Singhania, Spectrum.
🌱Environment ⚗️Science Tech
- NIOS PDF on Environment
- Ravi Agrahari’s Science-Tech book.
- ShankarIAS’s Book, IYB20 Ch. 12
- (then, If time permits) Read all chapters:
- NCERT Chemistry Class11: Chapter on
NCERT 7-10. (then, If time permits) Read only
Environmental Chemistry.
selective: NCERT 11-12, and General Studies
- NCERT Biology 11-12: selective study of chapters
Manual.
related to flora-fauna, biotech
📣Current & Contemporary Affairs (CCA)
💲Economy
- Any one newspaper: Daily IndianExpress or
- Theory, Contemporary, and Current issues from
theHindu. Not both! Only one.
Mrunal’s lecture series and its handouts.
- Make newspaper NOTES ONLY FOR Optional
- No need for NCERT 9-10 or Class12 Subject, Cases Quotable for Essay / GSM4, &
Micro/Macroeconomics or Old NCERT. factoids imp. for UPSC interview i.e. about
- But, to cultivate vocabulary & expression skills for your home-state, hobbies, graduation and job
Mains, read following: (if any).
- NCERT Class 11 Indian Economic - It’s true that not many Qs are coming from
Development. PDF/Mag compilation, but if you manually try
- Introductions and conclusions of each chapter to make your own current affairs notes, you’ll
of vol1 of all economic surveys from 2014 never finish other parts of syllabus.
onwards from http://indiabudget.gov.in/ - So, use any one PDF/Mag compilation:
- Chief Editor’s Desk (Preface) of last 2 years’ VisionIAS, DrishtiIAS, insights,GKT,iasbaba,
Yojana & Kurukshetra magazines from iasparliament etc. Start from 1/1/2018 (Ref:
http://yojana.gov.in/Recent_archive_2019.a Graph below)
sp (change year number for previous Archives)
- Refer to Topicwise Papers & Trend analysis
available: Mrunal.org/Prelims and
Mrunal.org/Mains
- * IYB-2020= India (yearbook) 2020 by Ministry of Info & Broadcasting to be published next year. Don’t buy India 2019.
- CSAT-Paper2: Use any Paper-II Manual by Mcgrawhill, Arihant, Pearson, Disha etc. solve few MCQs from each section.
- For Mains-Optional Subject and GS strategies: https://mrunal.org/toppers
- When fiat money (currency/ coins) is legally valid for all debts & transactions
throughout the country, such Fiat Money is called a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
- The (demonetized: ववमद्रु ीकृत) ₹1000 note in a museum is a fiat money (because was a
currency note issued by RBI), but no longer a legal tender (because legally it is banned
for transactions).
- G-Sec, T-Bill, Shares, Bonds, DD, Cheque, ATM, Cards, Kirana coin, Casino coin,
Bitcoins are NOT Fiat Money, and Not legal tenders. Commemorative Coins = Fiat yes
but not legal tender unless notified to be used as legal tenders.
**Although in real life, Finance Act 2017: “Cash transactions for less
than Rs.2 lakh only,” Beyond that use Cheque, DD, NEFT etc. else
penalty= entire amount. But for MCQs: bank notes = unlimited legal
tenders.
MCQ: Which one of the following correctly describes the meaning of legal tender
money? (Asked in UPSC-Pre-2018)
(a) The money which is tendered in courts of law to defray the fee of legal cases
(b) The money which a creditor is under compulsion to accept in settlement of his claims
(c) The bank money in the form of cheques, drafts, bills of exchange, etc.
(d) The metallic money in circulation in a country
₹ 100 Lavender color. Rani ki Vav on Saraswati river, Patan. Rani Udaymati for
King Bhima-I of Chalukya / Solanki dynasty in 11th century, UNESCO
Heritage site
₹ 200 Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh.
₹ 500 Red Fort, Delhi by Shah Jahan. 26th January parade chief guests= 2018: 10
ASEAN leaders; 2019: South Africa President Cyril Ramaphosa. 2020: _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (update when Chief Guest
announced)
₹ 1000 (update when/if released)
Colonia era: Promised to convert into full bodied gold or silver bars /
coins worth the equal value in weight. E.g. 1 US Dollar = ~14 grams of
gold. 1 British pound = ~73 grams of gold.
Modern era: Conversion into other Bank notes and “token coins” of
equal face value. ₹ 2000 = 500 x 4 Nos.= 100 x 20 Nos etc.
Not inflation adjusted value. Not linked with weight of gold or silver.
Paper /Token /
Commodity Metallic Bank Money,
Representative / Crypto Currency
Money Money Deposit Money
Fiat Money
- 2017 Amendment: 20% interim compensation @ Trial court (ववचारण न्यायालय) 20%
deposit before appeal in higher court (अपील न्यायालय)
- THREE parties in a cheque: 1) Drawer (Sender), 2) Drawee (Bank), 3) Payee
(Recipient)
- THREE Types of cheques: 1) Stale: Not withdrawn in 3 months, 2) Post-dated: After a
specific date, 3) Anti-Dated: Before a specific date.
- Open / bearer cheque: No ‘crossing’. Anyone can encash.
- IFSC code: Indian Financial System Code- 11 alphanumeric numbers to identify the
bank branch, just like PINCODE identifies an area.
- MICR code: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. 9 digits code written in Iron Oxide ink
for automated clearance.
- NPCi’s CTS-2010: Cheque Truncation System- scanned image of cheque electronically
sent to the drawee branch for faster clearance without theft or tempering. MICR
readers NOT required.
- Demand Draft (DD): can’t be dishonored because sender has to pay amount
beforehand to Bank before the Bank issued DD to him.
- Over Draft: When person’s bank balance goes zero, still he’s allow to draw money (as
a loan). Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan account has Overdraft upto Rs 10,000/- with certain
conditions. (More in Pillar1D: Financial Inclusion)
MCQ: The term ‘Core Banking Solutions’ correct term? (Asked in UPSC Prelims-2016)
1. It is a networking of a bank’s branches which enables customers to operate their
accounts regardless of where they open their accounts.
2. It is an effort to increase RBI’s control over commercial banks through
computerization.
3. It is a detailed procedure by which a bank with huge non-performing assets is taken
over by another bank.
Answer Codes: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Table 3: NPCi has also built following mechanisms / platforms / systems / apps:
Bharat Bill Payment system for automated monthly payments of utility
BBPS
bills
National Automated Clearing House for bulk monthly payments of
NACH
utility bills, dividends, salaries, pension / insurance premiums etc.
NFS National Financial switch runs the ATM network, IMPS, UPI and BHIM
CTS Cheque Truncation System (2010) learned in previous section 1.4.
Full Form:
It’s a technology for building digital payment apps based on IMPS with
following features:
- QR Scan & Pay to merchants.
- You can link Current Account (CA) Savings Account (SA) for direct
transfer of money without storing in ‘wallet’ first. (unlike PayTM)
- Such app can have Push transaction (e.g. Remittance to family),
Pull Transaction (e.g. monthly bill deduction by Electricity Co.) or
even Bill sharing among friends.
UPI 1.0 - Examples of UPI based app: SBI’s SBIBuddy, Axis Bank’s AxisPay and
(2016) NPCi’s own BHIM.
Upgraded version with following features:
UPI 2.0 - Overdraft Account linked [until now only CA,SA]
(2018 - Cash on Delivery, User mandate for future date e.g. DTH / Gym.
Aug) - Invoice in the inbox. QR authenticity – whether merchant verified or
not?
Full form:
- It works on Android, iOS/Apple mobile phones as an APP, and even
on non-smart (=basic feature) phones using *99# USSD- Unstructured
Supplementary Service Data.
- Bank to bank / peer to peer transaction using mobile phone
(xyz@upi). No need to install multiple apps for each bank account
(SBIBuddy, AxisPay etc) just one BHIM app to use all such bank
accounts. App has 3 factor authentication system.
- Your money stays in bank account and earns interest. It’s not stored
BHIM in ‘wallet outside your bank account’ as it happens in Mobikwick,
(2016) Phonepe etc. No cards involved so no MDR or such hidden charges.
- Sweden: “Swish” app to make their country 100% cashless by 2020.
While PayTM QR code will not work with Phonepe app (interoperability
BharatQR
issue), the BharatQR Quick Response code works with all UPI based
(2016)
apps & BHIM
RuPay - Rupee + Payment = RuPay card is world’s 7th payment gateway
(2016) similar to Mastercard, Visacard, China’s Union Pay- but at less
service charges.
- Works in 3 channels: ATM, PoS, Online. Used by banks, railway and
even dairies. Rupay debit card given free with PMJDY (Jan Dhan)
Bank account.
- It is not part of payment processing or settlement. Payment is directly done from one
bank account to another. So, no license / authorization / registration required from
RBI.
Bank label Bank itself owns and operates the ATM network.
Brown label
White label
Micro-ATM Bankmitra manually makes entries of deposit and withdrawal for
customer. He uses handheld device for using card & Aadhar biometrics.
NPCi’s AEPS technology gives backend support.
2019-June: RBI setup V G Kannan Committee to examine ATM charges by banks such
BankingGK #notIMP4IAS.
monthly ceilings. Future mobiles may have NFC technology, then cards may become
redundant anyways.
✓ Setup Computer Emergency Response Team for finance (FIN- CERT: आपातकालीन
प्रनतकक्रया टीम).
Suggested Reforms @RBI
✓ RBI should prepare area wise ‘Digital Financial Inclusion Index’ (डिजिटल ववत्तीय समावेशन
सच
ू कांक) to monitor progress & take remedial steps. Ensure no user is more than 5 kms
away from a banking access point. Local vendor should be made Banking
Correspondent (BC: बैंक लमत्र).
✓ Setup an Acceptance Development Fund (डिजिटल भग ु तान स्वीकृनत ववकास ननधध) to
develop digital payment infrastructure in poorly served areas e.g. subsidy on PoS
devices. RBI and Banks should co-contribute ₹ ₹ in this fund.
✓ Reduce the MDR / card payment fees. Allow customer to do “x” no. of digital payment
transactions per month with no charges.
✓ Regulatory Sandbox / controlled environment to test innovative products / services
before their mass-deployment.
✓ RBI should make NEFT available 24/7 and remove charges on its usage. (2019-June:
RBI removed charges on both NEFT and RTGS and asked the banks to pass on the
benefits to customers.)
Suggested Reforms @NPCi
✓ NPCI should offer RuPay and BHIM UPI in other countries to facilitate remittance to
India.
✓ Encourage local language apps/ software for digital payments.
Businessman
Conclusion: Digital payment is not a panacea (राम-बाण / सवूरोगहर और्धध), nor is cash all
bad. For a developing country like India, “Less cash” economy better than “Cashless”
economy.
2. Mains GSM3: Explain these two terms with respect to ‘less cash economy’ (1) MDR (2) Interoperability.
(150 words, 10 marks) ‘कि ििदी िाले अथातंत्र’ के पररपेक्ष्य िे इि दो शब्दो को सिझाइए: (1) एिडीआर (2)
इं टरओपरे बमलटी.