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EX
Erik van de Kuilen Shell Global Solutions Inc.
Agenda
Fundamentals
Ignition Source Control
Standards & Practices
Area Classification: the Concept
Area Classification: a Multistep Process
Cases
Hot Surfaces
Management of Change – Gasgroup & Temperature class
Negligible Extent
Abnormal Operating Conditions - Temporary Zone 1
Management of Change – Release dispersion
Heat Exchanger Leakage
Ventilation
2
Q&A
Ignition Source Control…. or Not (?)
Hot
Surface
3
Ignition Source Control
Ignition Source Control is part of Process Safety Management
Ignition Source Control
Loss of
Containment
4
Proper Ignition Source Control reduces explosion risk 10-100x
Ignition Source Control
Ignition Source Control: # Ignition Sources
(EN 1127)
Permit to Work system (hot work)
1 Hot surfaces
‘No smoking’ areas 2 Flames & hot gases
3 Mechanical sparks
Traffic and vehicle control
4 Electrical apparatus
Hazardous Area Classification 5 Stray currents
Static Electricity control 6 Static electricity
7 Lightning
Etc. 8 Radio waves
UFL LFL
LFL
7
Hazardous Area Classification: the Concept
Hazardous Area Classification scope:
Flammable fluids (Hydrocarbons, H2, CO, NH3, …)
‘Small’ release sources:
Flanges, pump seals, vents, drains
No catastrophic equipment failure
(Semi)permanent ignition sources*:
Equipment hot surfaces
Roads / plant vehicles
Machinery motors
Instrumentation
Hydrocarbon
Auto Ignition
Temperature
(AIT)
9
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
10
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
11
IP 15: Point Source Approach
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
* Also ‘apparatus’ group or ‘explosion’ group; a parameter related to the sensitivity for ignition
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
4: Complete the Hazardous Area Classification Design Basis
and develop the drawings….
13
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
///// Zone 2
14
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
Hazardous Area Classification: A Multistep Process
5: Implement and/or verify in the field:
(incl. selected explosion protection: ia, ib, d, e, n,...)
equipment nameplates NAME PLATE:
hot surfaces Universal Supplies Ltd,
roads & vehicles CE 0999
Trans type 100
II G
6: Risk assess and/or modify any EEX ib IIC T4
deviations from the required area 40 C < Ta < 70 C
ACB 00 ATEX 9999
classification Apparatus parameters
Serial No. 991234
7: Document !
(Area Classification Design Basis,
Explosion Protection Document)
Copyright of Shell Projects & Technology RESTRICTED October 2012 16
Hazardous Area Classification – Some Cases
1. Hot Surfaces
2. Management of Change – Gasgroup & Temperature class
3. Negligible Extent
4. Abnormal Operating Conditions - Temporary Zone 1 operation
5. Management of Change – Release dispersion
6. Heat Exchanger Leakage
7. Ventilation
Zone 1
CW Return Line
Zone 2 facility
Open area
for
ventilation