MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, A.P.)

Chaitanya Bharathi P.O., Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Date:

This is to certify that the project work entitled “SENSOR BASED TRAFFIC
LIGHT CONTROLLER” is a bonafide work carried out by

B.Sreenivasulu (06261A0472)
K.Shoba (06261A0487)
S.Gopi Nath (06261A04B2)

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Hyderabad during the academic year 2009-10.

The results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any
other University or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

(Signature) (Signature)
---------------------- ----------------------
Mr. SAIDULU, Associate Professor Dr.E Nagabhooshanam
Faculty Advisor/Liaison Professor&H.O.D.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude to our Guide, G Balwanth Reddy,

Electronic Society, Hyderabad, for his invaluable guidance and encouragement in
carrying out our Project.

We are highly indebted to our Faculty Liaison Mr. V Saidulu, Associate

Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, who has given us
all the necessary technical guidance in carrying out this Project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. E. Nagabhooshanam, Head of the

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M.G.I.T., for permitting us
to pursue our Project in Cranes Varsity and encouraging us throughout the Project.

Finally, we thank all the people who have directly or indirectly help us through
the course of our Project.

B.Sreenivasulu
Shoba
Sriram Gopi

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 SENSOR BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

ABSTRACT

This project deals with “Design and Development of

microcontroller based embedded system for traffic light controller using
sensors”
The main aim of the project is design and implements an
intelligent traffic signal system. As this developed system is able to sense
the presence or absence of vehicle with in certain range by setting the
appropriate duration for the traffic signal to react accordingly.

Here we are mainly using infrared sensors interfaced to find the

presence of traffic and microcontroller was able to control the whole system,
monitor the sensor and delays for the traffic lights as this system is feasible
affordable and ready to implement during peak hours of traffic.

The AT89S52 is an 8-bit microcontroller with 8k bytes of flash ROM,

256 bytes of RAM and is preferred in using this micro due to its quick
programming and ease of use and ULTROSONIC SENSORS and red
,green, yellow leds for indication.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM :

IR RX IRTX
IR TX IRRX

IR RX IRTX

AT89S52
IR RX IR TX

IR RX IRTX

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1. MICROCONTROLLER
2. IR TX
3. TSOP1738
4. LED’S

5. SIMULATION:
TOOL: KEIL MICROVISION

LANGUAGE: EMBEDDED ‘C’

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 Table of contents
CERTIFICATE FROM ECE DEPARTMENT (i)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (ii)
ABSTRACT (iii)
LIST OF FIGURES (vi)
LIST OF TABLES (vii)
CHAPTER1. OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the project 1
1.3 Methodology 3
1.4 Significance and applications 4
1.5 Organization of work 4
CHAPTER2. MICROCONTROLLER
2.1 A Brief History of 8051 6
2.2 Description of 89c52 Microcontroller 7
2.3 Block diagram of Microcontroller 9
2.4 Pin Configuration 10
2.5 Interrupts 22
2.6 Special Function Registers 24
2.7 Memory Organization 29
CHAPTER3. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY &ULTRASONIC SENSOR
3.1 Description
32
3.2 Block Diagram 35
3.3 Circuit Diagram 35
3.4 IC Voltage regulators 37
3.5 Ultrasonic sensor 40
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
4.1 Result 65
4.2 Future Scope 65

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REFERENCES 67

LIST OF FIGURES
1.3 Schematic diagram of Sensor based Light Controller 2
2.1 Block Diagram of Microcontroller 9
2.2 Pin Diagram of 89c52 10
2.3Crystal connections 15
2.4 External Clock Drive Configuration 16
2.5 Interrupts source 22
3.1 LM7805 Diagram 33
3. 2 B l o c k D i a g r a m 35
3.3 Circuit diagram 35
3.4Three-Terminal Voltage Regulator 38
3.5 T h e s p e e d o f s o u n d v s t e m p e r a t u r e . 46
3.6 T h e w a v e l e n g t h o f s o u n d v s f r e q u e n c y 49
3.7S i g n a l a t t e n u a t i o n v s f r e q u e n c y c u r v e 50
3.8. T h e a t t e n u a t i o n o f s o u n d i n a i r v s h u m i d i t y 51
3.9A s o u n d b e a m r e f l e c t e d f r o m a f l a t s u r f a c e i s e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e
sound as generated from a virtual transducer at an equal range
behind the reflecting plate 52

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 LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Special Features of port3 13
2.2 Status of External Pins during Idle and Power 17
2.3 Lock Bit Protection Modes 18
2.4 Timer 2 Operating Modes 19
2.5T2MOD-Timer 2 Mode Control Register 20
2.6T2CON-Timer/Counter2 Control Register 20
2.7 Interrupts Enable Register 23
3.1 P o s i t i v e V o l t a g e R e g u l a t o r s i n 7 8 0 0 s e r i e s 38
3.2 s p e e d o f s o u n d f o r v a r i o u s g a s e s a t 0 ° C [ 6 ] . 47
3.3speed of sound at diff. temperature 64

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