Electrical Sciences

Lecture – 11&12
7-02-2018

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 AC Analysis

• Time-Domain Analysis
• Complex Numbers
• Frequency-Domain
Analysis
• Power
• Important Power
Concepts

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 AC Analysis

Today, a “grid” of AC electrical

distribution systems
Any device that plugs into an
electric outlet uses an AC
circuit.
For household application the
voltage is 230 V (rms) and
frequency 50 Hz

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Time Domain Analysis

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

AC Sources and Phasors

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Time Domain Analysis

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

AC Sources and Phasors

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Pure Resistive circuits

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Pure Resistive circuits

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Pure Capacitive circuits

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Pure Capacitive circuits

vc=Vccost
ic= dvc/dt=-CVCcos(t+90)

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Pure Inductive circuits

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Pure Inductive circuits

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Complex Numbers

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Complex Numbers

a+jb=Mcos+jMsin
=Mej

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Complex Numbers

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Frequency-Domain Analysis

• A phasor is a complex number that contains

the amplitude and phase angle information
of a sinusoidal function.
• A phasor diagram is a graph of phasors on
the complex plane (using real and imaginary
axes). It helps to visualize the relationships
between currents and voltages.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Frequency-Domain Analysis

The voltage and the current are ‘‘in phase’’ for resistor.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Frequency-Domain Analysis

For an inductor the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees, or

equivalently, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Frequency-Domain Analysis

For a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Frequency-Domain Analysis

Series Connections of Impedances

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Frequency-Domain Analysis

Series Connections of Impedances

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Frequency-Domain Analysis

Parallel Connections of Impedances

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Frequency-Domain Analysis

Parallel Connections of Impedances

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Thevenin’s Theorem: AC Analysis

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus