Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Ocular absorption
Aqueous humor
OCULAR DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
IMPLANTS
HYDROGELS
DENDRIMERS CONTROL RELEASE PARTICULATE
IONTOPORESIS MICROPARTICLES
COLLAGEN SHIELD ADVANCED NANOPARTICLES
POLYMERIC SOLUTIONS
CONTACT LENSES
SCLERAL PLUGS
CYCLODEXRIN GENE DELIVERY
MICROONEEDLE Si RNA
MICROEMULSIONS STEM CELL
NANO SUSPENSION ECT
SELECTED TYPES OF
OCDDS:
1. Aqueous eye drops
2. Oily eye drops
3. Eye ointments
4. Eye lotions
5. Paper strips
6. Ocuserts
8. Collagen shields
9. Ophthalmic rods
ADVANTAGES:
They are easily administered by the nurse
They are easily administered by the
patient himself.
They have the quick absorption and
effect.
less visual and systemic side effects.
increased shelf life.
better patient compliance.
DISADVANTAGES:
The very short time the solution
stays at the eye surface.
phospholipid
2 .ERODIBLE INSERTS
i. Lacriserts
ii. SODI
iii. Mindisc
1) NON ERODIBLE
OCUSERT:
INSERTS
The Ocusert therapeutic system is a flat, flexible, elliptical device
designed to be placed in the inferior cul-de-sac between the sclera
and the eyelid and to release Pilocarpine continuously at a steady
rate for 7 days.
The device consists of 3 layers…..
1. Outer layer - ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer layer.
2. Inner Core - Pilocarpine gelled with alginate main polymer.
3. A retaining ring - of EVA impregnated with titanium di oxide
(diagram)
The ocuserts available in two forms.
Pilo - 20 :- 20 microgram/hour
Pilo – 40 :-40 micrograms/hour
ADVANTAGES:
Reduced local side effects and
toxicity.
Around the clock control of IOP.
Improved compliance.
DISADVANTAGES:
Retention in the eye for the full 7
days.
Periodical check of unit.
Replacement of contaminated unit
Expensive.
CONTACT LENSES:
These are circular shaped structures.
Dyes may be added during polymerization.
Drug incorporation depends on whether their structure is
hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
Drug release depends upon :
Amount of drug
Soaking time.
Drug concentration in soaking solution.
ADVANTAGES:
No preservation.
Size and shape
DISADVANTAGES:
Handling and cleaning
Expensive
2) ERODIBLE INSERTS:
The solid inserts absorb the aqueous tear fluid
and gradually erode or disintegrate. The drug is
slowly leached from the hydrophilic matrix.
they quickly lose their solid integrity and are
squeezed out of the eye with eye movement and
blinking.
do not have to be removed at the end of their
use.
Three types :
1. LACRISERTS
2. SODI
3. MINIDISC
LACRISERTS:
Sterile rod shaped device made up of hydroxyl
propyl cellulose without any preservative.
For the treatment of dry eye syndromes
It weighs 5 mg and measures 1.27 mm in
diameter with a length of 3.5 mm.
It is inserted into the inferior fornix.
SODI:
Soluble ocular drug inserts
Small oval wafer
Sterile thin film of oval shape
Weighs 15-16 mg
Use – glaucoma
Advantage – Single application
MINIDISC:
Countered disc with a convex front and a
concave back surface
Diameter – 4 to 5 mm
Composition:
Silicone based prepolymer-alpha-w-dis
(4-methacryloxy)-butyl poly di methyl
siloxane. (M2DX)
M-Methyl a cryloxy butyl functionalities.
D – Di methyl siloxane functionalities.
Pilocarpine, chloramphenicol
EVALUATION OF OCDDS:
THICKNESS OF THE FILM:
Measured by dial caliper at different
points and the mean value is calculated.
DRUG CONTENT UNIFORMITY:
The cast film cut at different places and
tested for drug as per monograph.
UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHT:
Here, three patches are weighed.
PERCENTAGE MOISTURE ABSORPTION:
Here ocular films are weighed and placed in
a dessicator containing 100 ml of saturated
solution of aluminium chloride and 79.5%
humidity was maintained.
After three days the ocular films are
reweighed and the percentage moisture
absorbed is calculated using the formula =
% moisture absorbed = Final weight –
initial weight/ initial weight x 100
IN – VITRO EVALUATION METHODS:
BOTTLE METHOD:
In this, dosage forms are placed in the bottle
containing dissolution medium maintained at specified
temperature and pH.
The bottle is then shaken.
A sample of medium is taken out at appropriate
intervals and analyzed for the drug content.
DIFFUSION METHOD:
Drug solution is placed in the donor compartment and
buffer medium is placed in between donor and receptor
compartment.
Drug diffused in receptor compartment is measured at
various time intervals.
MODIFIED ROTATING BASKET METHOD:
Dosage form is placed in a basket assembly connected to a
stirrer.
The assembly is lowered into a jacketed beaker containing
buffer medium and temperature 37 degrees Centigrade.
Samples are taken at appropriate time intervals and
analyzed for drug content.