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19 [2011] 1 [41]
ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM
A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
SVEUÈILIŠTE
U ZAGREBU,
POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT
ARHITEKTONSKI
FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers
UNIVERSITY
OF ZAGREB,
FACULTY 158-171 Borislav Puljiæ Mahale grada Mostara Mahalles in the City of Mostar
OF ARCHITECTURE Topografija, vrijeme nastanka Topography, origins
i urbanistièke odlike and urban features
ISSN 1330-0652
CODEN PORREV Pregledni znanstveni èlanak Subject Review
UDK | UDC 71/72 UDK 711.424.3 (497.6 Mostar) ”15/18” UDC 711.424.3 (497.6 Mostar) ”15/18”
19 [2011] 1 [41]
1-280
1-6 [2011]
Sl. 1. Katastarski plan, izv. mj. 1:3125, 1881.
Fig. 1 Cadastral map, original scale 1:3125, 1881
Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers 19[2011] 1[41] PROSTOR 159
Borislav Puljiæ
Ecoplan d.o.o. Ecoplan d.o.o.
BiH - 88000 Mostar, Dr. Ante Starèeviæa 3 BiH - 88000 Mostar, Dr. Ante Starèeviæa 3
Cilj rada je prikazati urbanistièki razvoj mostarskih mahala i razriješiti neke The paper shows the urban development of Mostar mahalles and deals with the
dileme oko njihova broja u 16. st. do konca 19 st., u doba kada grad dolazi pod dilemma of their number from the 16th to the late 19th c. when the city came under
austrougarsku vlast. Na osnovi poznatih elemenata koji definiraju mahalu, za the Austro-Hungarian administration. Based on the known defining elements of
mostarske mahale je utvrðen: broj, vrijeme nastanka, lokacija i velièina. To je the mahalle, the number, construction date, location and size have been deter-
pridonijelo poznavanju urbanistièkog razvoja Mostara od 16. do 19. stoljeæa. mined for the Mostar mahalles, thus giving insight into Mostar’s urban develop-
Rezultat su rada lokalne osobitosti mahala iz kojih je vidljivo da su one spe- ment in 16th-19th c. The research shows local particularities of mahalles and their
cifièni samostalni stambeni predjeli grada u osmanskom razdoblju. status as autonomous residential urban units in the Ottoman period.
160 PROSTOR 1[41] 19[2011] 158-171 B. PULJIÆ Mahale grada Mostara Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers
posrednoj blizini, takoðer prije 1570. godine, izvan nje, nalazio se Èurèi-Ahmedov mesdžid
gradi se i velik Karaðoz-begov han (svratište, sagraðen u drugoj polovici 16. stoljeæa,44 za Tab. I. Vrijeme nastanaka i urbani sadržaji
konaèište).36 manji dio muslimanskog stanovništva maha- mostarskih mahala
le, s obzirom na to da su mahalu osnovali do- Table I. Dates of origin and urban facilities
4. Mahala hadži-Memije Cernice, u narodu of the Mostar mahalles
poznata kao „Cernica”, nastaje u mostarskom seljenici iz Armenije,45 zanatlije i trgovci, vje-
polju sredinom 16. stoljeæa na desnoj obali rojatno prije 1633. godine.46 Harem i mekteb Urbani
sadržaji
rijeke Neretve. Džamija je u ovoj mahali izgra- ove mahale nisu do danas otkriveni. Godina
izgradnje 1. 2. 3.
ðena prije 1600. godine.37 Imala je mekteb, a 8. Mahala Derviš-paše Bajezidagiæa nastaje Stoljeæe Naziv mahale
vjerskog
Mesdžid
Džamija
hareme uza samu džamiju i na sjevernom u podnožju brda Hum, na mjestu u turskim
Mekteb
objekta
Harem
rubu mahale.38 Ova mahala više je od 600 osvajanjima napuštenog naselja Podhum.
metara, preko rijeke, udaljena od èaršije. Njezina džamija sagraðena je 1592. godine, a
1. XVI. Sinan-pašina 1507./08. • •
5. Nezir-agina mahala smještena je na ušæu prije 1601. godine uz nju su sagraðeni mek-
Radobolje u Neretvu. Formirala se u drugoj teb i medresa.47 Pored džamije je malen ha- 2. Èejvan-Èehajina 1552./03. • • •
polovici 16. stoljeæa, a uz nju i Nezir-agina rem, a veliki je nasuprot sokaku. Mahala je 3. Karaðoz-begova 1557./08. • • •
džamija.39 Haremi su se nalazili uz džamiju i od èaršije udaljena oko 600 metara. Ova ma- 4. Hadži-Memije prije 1600. • • •
nasuprot ulici. U ovoj je mahali poèetkom 19. hala je vjerojatno nastavak predosmanskog Cernice
stoljeæa izgraðen hadži-Muhamed-age Spa- naselja Podhum. Pretpostavlja se da je dža- 5. Nezir-agina 1585. • • •
hiæa mekteb.40 Ova mahala nekada se zvala i mija izgraðena na temeljima crkve i franje- 6. Mehmed- prije 1593. •
„Cirai Nezir-agina džamija” ili „džamija na vaèkog samostana iz predosmanskog vreme- -Æehajina
Spilama”, a u narodu je poznata kao „Mahala na, što bi se trebalo dokazati arheološkim 7. Èurèi-Ahmedova 1632. • • •
na Šemovcu”. Od èaršije je udaljena oko 200 istraživanjima. Na to upuæuje zid sa zapadne 8. Derviš-paše 1592.- • • •
metara. strane džamijskog dvorišta, kao i cijeli niz ar- Bajezidagiæa 1601.
hitektonskih detalja na zgradi džamije.48 9. XVII. Bajezid-hodžina prije 1620. • •
6. Mehmed-Æehajina mahala nastaje potkraj
16. stoljeæa na lijevoj obali Neretve iza musa- • U 17. stoljeæu nastaju sljedeæe mahale: 10. Hadži-Balijina 1612. • • •
95 Mujiæ, 1987: 91, 186, 200, 233 URBAN FEATURES OF THE MOSTAR
96 Mujiæ, 1987: 244 u bilješci: 359 misli da je to mahala MAHALLES
na Raljevini.
97 Hasandediæ, 1980: 56 Nakon što su utvrðene i locirane sve mahale i
98 Hasandediæ, 1980: 56 njihove velièine, druga bitna spoznaja koju bi
trebalo dalje detaljnije prouèiti jest da su ma- Sl. 12. Donja mahala
99 Èišiæ, 1991: 37, misli da je spaljena 1965.; Hasandediæ,
Fig. 12 Donja Mahalle
1980: 56, kaže 1687.; Kreševljakoviæ, 1991: 446, kaže hale „specifiène samostalne stambene zone”
1693. ili 1694.
kao dijelovi jedinstvenoga urbanog sustava
100 Muliæ, 1997: 66-67 i 69
grada. Ta je spoznaja vidljiva iz udaljenosti
101 Muliæ, 1997: 66-67; Peez, 1891: 19
mahale od èaršije - od 100 do 1600 metara,
102 Pezz, 1891: 19
što je pješice 1,25-20 minuta.109 Udaljenosti
103 ADAB-a)
izmeðu mahala i u 16. stoljeæu iznose izmeðu
104 ADAB-a)
100 i 1000 m ili 1,5-12,5 minuta hoda. Jasan je
105 AKOM, bez sign.
prostorni diskontinuitet izmeðu èaršije (gra-
106 AKOM, bez sign.
da) i mahale te mahala meðusobno. Ti neiz-
107 Ova karta nije evidentirala mahale ili imena ulica, veæ
samo graðevine. graðeni prostori: voænjaci, vrtovi i vinogra-
108 Vrijeme nastanka mahale veže se za vrijeme nastan- di, predstavljaju graðevinski diskontinuitet.
ka džamije. Drugi dokaz specifiènog karaktera i samo-
109 Prosjeèna brzina hodanja 80 m u vremenu od 1 minute. stalnosti mahale jest njezina samostalnost
168 PROSTOR 1[41] 19[2011] 158-171 B. PULJIÆ Mahale grada Mostara Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers
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Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers Mahale grada Mostara B. PULJIÆ 158-171 19[2011] 1[41] PROSTOR 171
Sažetak
Summary
Mahalle (mahala) is a particular form of neighbour- of mahalle formation ended. However, these were By analysing the identified mahalles and their par-
hood or city quarter (sometimes even a village not compulsory elements of a mahalle. The resi- ticularities, the author concludes that mahalles are
quarter) present in the cities and towns in the Bal- dential part of an Ottoman town was outside of the particular independent residential areas. Further-
kans and the Middle East. The meaning of the word city centre (èaršija). It was divided into residential more, there is an evident discontinuity (unbuilt
is much wider than merely its architectural defini- units - mahalles. The essential rule was for each spaces: orchards, gardens and vineyards) between
tion as a group of buildings. Mahalle also signifies mahalle to carry the name of a mosque, that is, the the city centre and a mahalle, and among mahalles.
a way of life, consciousness and a form of social name of the person who commissioned its con- Another evidence of specific features of mahalles
relations. It contains psychological, social, econo- struction. Alongside this formal name, mahalle was is their functional autonomy. The following factors
mic and a range of other meanings. Mahalles could customarily given some other name, usually of a attest to that claim:
be found in villages as well. The layout of mahalles, certain site or of some collective feature of its in- - Economic, relative economic independence: ma-
with curvy streets and scattered houses (Ottoman habitants. halle inhabitants often had an orchard and garden
residential blocks), is usually contrasted to quar- Similar to any other mahalle of the Ottoman world, around their house which provided them with the
ters with regular street networks. Originally the a Mostar mahalle shows features which can be means of meeting their nutritional needs. Subse-
word mahalle means a place or location. However, methodologically identified. Concerning the urban quent periods saw a growth of shops for daily supply
it is also a congregation and community (džemat) elements which define a mahalle, professionals - vegetable and fruit markets or stores, and bakeries
even before a group of houses receives a status of are concordant that they include the following: 30- - Social independence: mahalle was a fundamen-
mahalle. 40 houses, mahalle mosque or mescit, mekteb in tal social unit since it belonged to džemat which
The paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of the vicinity of the mosque, graveyard which can be was at the same time a basic religious, national
the urban development of mahalles in Mostar. It around the mosque or on a separate plot. and military organizational unit. Each mahalle has
presents the dates of their origin, their number, au- In addition to its urban elements, a mahalle pos- its headsman (malbaša).
thentic and official names, their names in the pop- sess a particular urban form. As a rule, the street - Religious independence: mahalle inhabitants
ular tradition, locations and urban features, as well which connects a mahalle with the main city street fulfil their daily religious duties, collective praying
as an urban development of the city of Mostar in and the centre is a smaller, most frequently curvy five times a day, which is one of the essential Is-
the Ottoman period. The author has determined street (main sokak) which extends into paths (so- lamic obligations in a basic unit of the congrega-
certain characteristics of these residential areas, kaci) that branch off and become dead end streets tion lead by imam (leader of the daily worship in
primarily the elements of their autonomy within an (èikme). It is a hierarchically constructed web of the mosque, and often the most important person
integral urban system of the city. The Mostar ma- paths. The streets are 1.5 metres wide though they in the mahalle). Learning about Islam (mekteb or
halles have survived to this day almost without any can be even 15 metres, or more, and completely medresa) is also one of the fundamental religious
change in the urban morphology of the modern closed off with street walls. Apart from sokaks, a requirements. In mahalles people are buried at
city, and the space which they used to take up, mahalle also has one wider street (main sokak) or cemeteries according to Islamic traditions.
forms today a significant part of the existing urban a crossroad with a mosque (or mescit) and other - Mahalle was a secure place in medieval times. It
area of Mostar. Therefore, their research, defini- communal facilities in its centre. The personal life often defended itself independently and the peo-
tions and the principles of their creation and devel- in a mahalle is hidden in a courtyard (avlija) behind ple living there felt secure although it was located
opment should be the basis on which modern ur- the fence wall and the social life is in sokaks in be- outside the city walls. This is also the fact which
ban planner could envisage their projects. tween houses. The public street space of a mahalle makes it a community with a particular sense of at-
A mahalle was usually established with a construc- is desolate. There is no life in it apart from people tachment.
tion of a house and a path that connects it to the who occasionally go to the fountain or mosque. During the 16th century, the Mostar mahalles devel-
main street. When there was a considerable num- Life pulsates behind street walls. oped without any continuity as specific independ-
ber of houses built in this way, some benefactors By analysing historical sources on the Mostar ma- ent residential zones. It was in the 17th century, at
built a mosque or mescit (mesdžid - a prayer hall halle published in available literature the author the time of the city’s homogenization that new ma-
without a pulpit), cemetery (called harem in Bos- determined elements which can be used either to halles filled the space between the old ones. Mos-
nian and Herzegovinian) and mekteb (religious el- affirm of reject the existence of mahalles in the city. tar grew not in the number of people in individual
ementary school). That was how a mahalle emer- The total number of identified mahalles is 30, or mahalles but in the number of new mahalles. It was
ged. After adding a fountain that provides water 29, if Hadži Alijina mahalle is excluded due to its the time when several mahalles merged into nine
(èesma), vegetables and fruits market (piljara), destruction (it was built before 1633 and destroyed traditional Mostar quarters which are still often
barber’s shop (berbernica) or a bakery, a process in 1695). called by the same traditional name.
BORISLAV PULJIÆ
Biografija
Biography
BORISLAV PULJIÆ diplomirao je 1983. na Arhitekton- BORISLAV PULJIÆ, graduated in 1983 from the Faculty
skom fakultetu u Sarajevu. Apsolvirao je 1988. po- of Architecture in Sarajevo where he completed in
slijediplomski studij za graditeljsko naslijeðe. Ob- 1988 postgraduate courses in architectural heritage.
javio je tri èlanka. Radi kao planer na razvojnim i He published three papers. He has been as an urban
provedbenim planovima, izradi studija i kao pro- planner on development and detailed urban plans,
jektant na velikom broju graðevina. and architect on numerous building projects.
PROSTOR
19 [2011] 1 [41]
ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM
A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
SVEUÈILIŠTE
U ZAGREBU,
POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT
ARHITEKTONSKI
FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers
UNIVERSITY
OF ZAGREB,
FACULTY 2-17 Nenad Lipovac The Beginning of Poèetak nastanka
OF ARCHITECTURE Prehistoric Settlements prapovijesnih naselja
ISSN 1330-0652 of the American Southwest amerièkog jugozapada
CODEN PORREV Original Scientific Paper Izvorni znanstveni èlanak
UDK | UDC 71/72 UDC 711.423:903.3 (73) UDK 711.423:903.3 (73)
19 [2011] 1 [41]
1-280
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