Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
L'
Lift coefficient: cl 2
2 V c.(1)
1 2
dcl
Lift slope: 2
d
Moment coefficient cl
about quarter-chord point:
c m , c / 4 c m , LE 0
4
c
The lift coefficient: L' 2
cl ( )d (...) (2 A0 A1 )
2 V c.(1)
2
1 V c 0
Independent of
dcl
Lift slope: 2 for every (thin) airfoil!
d
1 dz
Zero-lift angle: L 0
0
dx
( cos 1) d
The cambered airfoil: the aerodynamic coefficients
The moment c
coefficient c M ' 2 A2
about the LE: m, LE 12 V 2 c 2 .(1) V c 2 0
LE
( ) d (...) ( A0 A1 )
2 2
dx
( A0 ) A n cos n 2
dz
n 1 An
0
dx
cos n d
Aerodynamic coefficients: cl (2 A0 A1 ) 2 ( L 0 )
c m ,c / 4 ( A 2 A1 )
4
x CP 1 c m ,c / 4 1 A 2 A1
1
c 4 cl 4 2 A 0 A1
EXAMPLE 4.6
• Consider an NACA 23012 airfoil.
• The mean camber line for this airfoil is given by
EXAMPLE 4.6
Calculate:
a) the angle of attack at zero lift
b) the lift coefficient when α = 4◦
c) the moment coefficient about the quarter
chord
d) the location of the center of pressure in terms
of xcp/c, when α = 4◦.
Compare the results with experimental data.
Solution
We will need dz/dx
Transforming from x to θ
Solution
we have
is zero by definition of
the aerodynamic center
–NACA 23012
–xA.C. < 0.25c
–NACA 64212
–xA.C. > 0.25 c
The Vortex Panel Method (principle)
Numerical implementation
• Approximate the true contour by n straight panels:
i=1,2,…n
• Describe the vortex strength on each panel, e.g., by a constant value of i.
• Take on each panel a control point where the flow-tangency condition is to
be satisfied, e.g., the center of each panel;
• Evaluate this condition, for each control point:
n