PLUMBING FITTINGS TYPES WITH THEIR APPLICATION & PICTURES

There are different plumbing fittings types used for plumbing work in the house.
They are mainly used to join multiple pipes of the same size or different sizes,
to regulate the flow or to measure the flow. Plumbing fittings are made of different
materials like copper, iron, brass, PVC, etc.

Plumbing Fittings Types in the Plumbing System

Following are the Different plumbing fitting types,

1. Adaptor
2. Barb
3. Coupling
4. Cross
5. Double Tapped Bushing
6. Elbow
7. Mechanical Sleeve
8. Nipple
9. Reducer
10. Tee
11. Union
12. Valve
13. Wye
14. Cap
15. Olet
16. Plug

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1. Adaptor:
 Adaptor in pipe fittings

Adaptors mainly used for extending pipe run in the forward direction with the same
or different diameter. By using an adapter we can connect two dissimilar pipes in
the same run. Adaptors’ function is generally similar to pipe couplings, with the
difference that they connect pipe of different types, one of which is an IPS (Iron
Pipe Size). It may have female or male IPS or threads on one end of the opposite
gender on the other end, which needs to be welded or soldered onto a smaller pipe.
Adapters can be used for various utilities, but they are typically used to connect
different pipes to fixtures.

2. Barb:

A barb is generally used to connect hoses to pipes.

It is essential has a male at one end and on the other end has a barbed tube, which
is a ridged and tapered cone.
Plastic barbs are used when it needs to carry cold water and brass if they carry hot
water.

3. Coupling:

Coupl
ing in Pipe Fittings

It is mainly used to connect the two pile of the same diameter. Couplings can

also be used to fix pile leakage or broken problem. Couplings have two mains types
named as compression coupling and slip coupling. Compression coupling is mostly
used to connect two pipes and it is able to prevent leakage by the arrangement of
gaskets or rubber seals on both sides, otherwise, glue is provided. Slip coupling has
two pipes that are arranged as one into other. It is made up such that the inner pipe
can slide up to some length. So, we can solve the problem of long length damaged
pipe by slip coupling.

Plumbing Fittings Types

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4. Cross-type:
 Cross-Type in Pipe Fittings

Cross-type pipe fitting has 4 vents or opening in all 4 directions and there are
perpendicular to each other. This type of fitting is used when there are 4 pipes that
are meeting at the same point. These types of pipe fitting must be made
from strong material as it has to bear more stress. These stresses come from
the point where all 4 pipes connect from different directions.  These types of pipe
fitting are majorly used in the sprinkler system.

5. Double Tapped Bushing:

Double Tapped Bushing

The double-tapped bushing is one type of nipple itself, but it has to thread on

both the inside and the outside.

It is named as double-tapped bushing because of its center hole is threaded (tapped)

from both top and bottom.
 It has only a female end.

6. Elbow:

Elbows in Pipe Fitings

It is generally used to change the direction of the pipe run. Elbows are available
in different angle 22.5º 45 º and 90 º.  Normal types of elbows are used for a pipe
of the same diameter and reducer types of elbows are used when diversion is to be
done for a pipe of different diameters. They are made from different
materials. Elbows are mostly available with female threads and we can fix them by
butt or socket welding also.

7. Mechanical Sleeve:

Mechanical Sleeve

Mechanical pipe sleeves are generally used to connect two pipes by a screw or

other fixtures. This arrangement makes it easy to fix and repair.
The mechanical sleeves are mostly manufactured from a rubber material that is
inserted inside a metal jacket (stainless steel clamp).

As we tight the mechanical sleeves claim, it compresses the rubber inside to make a
tight seal.

8. Nipple:

Nipple in Pipe Fittings

It is the most useful pipe fixture in the plumbing system. The nipple is not connected
to two pipes, but it connects two pipe fittings together.

It is a small pipe fitting that can be made of metals such as copper, brass or steel
or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).

A nipple with continuous threading, then it is called a closed nipple. The nipple is
available in males and comes in varying lengths.

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Plumbing Fittings Types

9. Reducer:
 Reducer in Pipe Fittings

The fitting used to make a larger flow area to smaller is called a reducer. It has
two types one is concentric reducer joins two pipes on the same axis, and the
eccentric reducer is used to join pipes of different diameters.

The concentric reducer mostly has the cone shape while eccentric reducers look

somewhat like bells with offset center lines. They prevent air bubbles in the pipes.

10. Tee:

Tee in Pipe Fittings

It is has shaped like the letter “T.” it has inlet and outlet. Tees are available in
different sizes and are considered sturdier than the cross fitting.

A diverter type of Tee is used in heating systems that use water. This Tees has the
directional marking and needs to be installed correctly for the system to operate.
11. Union:

Union in Pipe Fittings

It can have both male and female threads. Union somehow similar to couplings,

but the difference is unions are easy to remove making them convenient for
maintenance or a planned future replacement.

A coupling nature is more permanent and needs to be cut out.

Generally, it has three parts:  nut, male end, and female end. It mainly utilized to join
the male and female ends.

12. Valve:

Valves in Pipe Fittins

Valves allow mainly used to regular or stop the flow to fluid in a pipe. There are
various types of valves such as throttling, non-return, and isolation. Non-return valves
only allow the liquid to flow in one direction and are often found in drains. They’re
also called check valves.

Isolation valves are an important part of the plumbing system so that the system
can be serviced or maintained. These valves have the nature of left open or left
closed all the time. However, they are mostly used in an emergency, they should
be checked now and then to see if they’re operational.

Throttling valves likely used to control the pressure and amount of fluid. Because
this valve experiences the stresses the mechanism, they tend to wear out faster than
other valves. Generally, these types of valves are installed near isolation valves.

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Plumbing Fittings Types

13. Wye:

Wye in Pipe Fittings

Wyes type of pipe fitting resembles the letter “Y,” this fitting is made to connect
three pipes.

Wye fittings permit the pipes to change their elevations and to branch out into
freshwater lines or drains.
Wyes fittings are somehow similar to Tee but the smoother angling reduces friction
and turbulence in the water. It is mainly used to connect a vertical drainpipe to a
horizontal one.

14. Cap:

Caps in Pipe Fittings

It has almost similar utility like a plug.

But the main difference is that plug contains male threads and cap contains female
threads which are screws on the male thread of pipe.

They are manufactured from different materials like rubber, copper, steel, plastic,
etc.

15. Olet:
 Olets in Pipe Fittings

Olets types of pipe fitting are generally utilized where there are standard sizes of
fittings that are not suitable for our requirement. If there is inlet pipe size is
larger compared to outlet pipes in t-sections then also Olets are used. There are
different types of olets available. Some important types of olets are:

 Butt-Weldolet
 Socket weld Olet
 Threaded olet
 Elbow olet

Plumbing Fittings Types

16. Plug

PVC Plug

The plug is one of the most important accessories of a plumbing system which is
generally used to close pipe opening during inspections and repairs.

Plug most has male threads.

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