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PROCESO
DE
PRODUCCI
ON DE
OXIDO DE
ETILENO
2
INTRODUCCION
N2 = 80%
N2 = 72%
O2 = 18%
C2H4 = 10%
C2H4 + ½ O2 → C2H4O
C2H4 + 3 O2 → 2CO2 +
2H2O
N2 2239.05 2239.05
C2H4O ---------- 279.89
CO2 ---------- 62.18
H2O ---------- 62.18
dx ρ B r p
=
dz uc o
donde:
x = conversión
z = altura (m)
ρB = densidad del catalizador (kg
cat / m3)
rp = velocidad de reacción (kg Mol
/ kg cat hr)
9
kgmol
k = 0.0141 a 280°C
kgcat ⋅ atm ⋅ hr
− rC 2 H 4 = kPC 2 H 4
1/ 3 2/3
PO 2
en términos de conversión:
nRT
PAV = nRT PA = PA = C A RT
V
10
C A = C A o (1 − X A ) PA = C A o (1 − X A )RT
[
− rC 2 H 4 = k C A o (1 − X A )RT ]1/ 3
C Ao =
PA o
=
PTOTAL X A o
=
(15 atm)(0.1) = 0.033
mol
lt ⋅ atm
(553.15°k )
RT RT lt
0.082058
mol ⋅ °k
mol
C B = 0.059
lt
mol lt ⋅
(1 − X A )(553°k ) 0.082
kgmol
− rC 2 H 4 = 0.0141 0.033
kgcat ⋅ atm ⋅ hr lt mol
− rC 2 H 4 = 0.0312(1 − X A )
kgmol
=
1/ 3
kgcat ⋅ hr
Gm
u=
n⋅a
3109.79 kgmol
u= hr = 2368.43 kgmol
(
(1000) 1.313 × 10 −3 m 2 )
hr ⋅ m 2
kgcat kgmol
1923.94 0.0312 (1 − X )1/ 3
kgcat ⋅ hr
A
dx m 3
=
kgmol
dz
2368.46 2
(0.1)
hr ⋅ m
= 0.2534(1 − X A ) m −1
dx 1/ 3
dz
Xo = 0 Zo = 0 H = 2m
K1 K2 K3 K4 X Z (m)
0.506 0.185 0.277 0.176 0.268 2
0.179 0.146 0.152 0.126 0.419 4
0.127 0.109 0.111 0.096 0.529 6
0.096 0.084 0.085 0.075 0.615 8
0.0756 0.0669 0.0679 0.06 0.683 10
0.06 0.053 0.054 0.048 0.737 12
0.048 0.043 0.044 0.039 0.781 14
0.039 0.035 0.036 0.032 0.817 16
0.032 0.029 0.029 0.027 0.847 18
0.027 0.024 0.024 0.022 0.871 20
0.022 0.02 0.02 0.018 0.893 22
0.018 0.017 0.017 0.015 0.91 24
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
Z
10
8
13
Z = 22.407 m
Tubos Empacados
Lecho Catalítico.
Fluido
Enfriador Salida
Fluido
22.407 m Enfriador
Alimentación.
14
Temperatura = 20° C
Presión de la columna = 1 atm
Fracción mol de clave a la entrada es =
0.105
Eficiencia de la absorción para clave = 0.9
Fracción del componente clave en el
líquido de entrada = 0
Datos de equilibrio para el sistema C2H4O –
H2O y= 1.38x
15
2643.3
Gm = = 881.1 kgmol
3 hr
0.105 = 1.38 x
x = 0.07608 → En equilibrio
kgmol
L = (1.24 ) 881.1
kgmol
= 1092 . 564 H 2O
hr hr
El valor de L
G
es (1.24 )(1.4 ) = 1.736
16
0.105 − 0.0105
x= = 0.054435
1.736
1.736
A= = 1.2579
1.38
De la ecuación de Kresmer-Sounders-
Brown.
y n +1 − Hx o 0.105 − 0
= = 10
y1 − Hx o 0.0105 − 0
1.2579 − 1 1
log (10) +
1.2579 1.2579 0.4541
n= = = 4.55823 etapas
log(1.2579) 0.0996
∴n ≈ 5
Flujo del gas
17
77575.13 kgmol hr
G= = 25858.37 kgmol
3 hr
PMprom = 29.34
Densidad prom. = 4.8 kg / m3
Viscosidad cinemática 0.48 cts (4.8×10-7 m2
/ s)
ρ = 998 kg / m3
L = 34140.43 kg/hr
Si se estima un 80% de
1/ 2
Lm ρv
inundación: Vm ρl = 0.1203
0 .5
44890.14 4.8 kg m 3
= 0.1203 (0.0915)
25858.37 998 kg m 3
18
0.5
ρv
0.5
4 .8
Un = Un = 0.0695 Un
ρl − ρv 998 − 4.8
m m
1.29 × 80% = 1.035
s s
kgmol 1hr kg
25858.37 29.34
hr 3600 s kgmol m3
= 43.905
kg s
4.8 3
m
Área de la torre:
m3
43.905
s = 42.42m 2
m
1.035
s
19
D = 6.51m
Com. PM A B C Tb (° ρ liq.
K)
N2 28 14.9542 588.72 - 6.6 77.4 0.804
CO2 44 22.5898 3103.39 - 194.7 0.777
0.16
C2H4O 44 16.74 2567.61 - 283.5 0.899
29.01
H2O 18 18.3036 3816.44 - 373 0.998
46.13
T = 30 ° C = 303 ° k ; P = 5 atm.
Flujos de la Corriente:
LÍQUIDO:
V = (V L + VV )θ
V = (2.437 + 27.4 )(5) = 149.23m 3
Con sobre diseño de 20%:
V = 179.0764m 3
Para un tanque de este tipo:
L
=4 ⇒ L = 4D
D
πD 2
V = (4 D ) = πD 3
4
179.07 = πD 3
D = 3.8485 m
L = 15.39 m
COLUMNA DE DESTILACIÓN
ALIMENTACIÓN P = 5 atm
- Alimentación de
C2H4O 249.89 0.0323 líquido saturado
kgmol/hr - Recuperación de
claves: 99.9%
H2O 7481.69 0.9676
23
kgmol/hr
7731.58 1
kgmol/hr
DESTILADO
C2H4O 249.86 0.979
kgmol/hr
H2O 0.7481kgmol/hr 2.98×10-
3
327.353 1
kgmol/hr
FONDO
C2H4O 0.024989 3.34×10-
kgmol/hr 6
Cálculo de la temperatura de la
Alimentación, Destilado y Fondo utilizando
la Ecuación de Antoine y la Ley de Dalton.
24
Punto de Burbuja.
Punto de Rocío.
yi
∑ X i ⋅ ki − 1 = 0 ∑ k −1= 0
i
Pvi
ki =
PT
B
A−
T +C
Pvi = e
Temperatura de la Alimentación:
PT = 5 atm = 3800mm hg
T = 417.7 ° k
T = 331.3 ° k
25
16 .74 − T2567 . 61
18 .3036 − T3816 . 44
3 . 34 × 10 −6
e − 29 . 01
− 46 . 13
0 . 9999 e
+ −1 = 0
3800 3800
T = 425.4 ° k
Coeficientes de Distribución:
Alimentación (T = 417.7 ° k)
K α
C2H4O 6.628 8.18
H2O 0.8102 1
Destilado (T = 331.3 ° k)
K α
C2H4O 1.0033 28.1036
H2O 0.0357 1
1/ 2
1.0033 6.628
αm = × = 15.1626
0 . 0357 0 . 8102
249.86 7480.941
log
0.7481 .02498
S min = ] = 6.775 ≈ 7 etapas mínimas
log(15.1626)
Reflujo mínimo:
(α i −r )F ⋅ Z F
∑ (α ) − θ = 1− q
i−r F
(8.180)(0.0323) + (1)(0.9676) = 0
8.180 − θ 1−θ
0.264214 0.9676
+ =0
8.180 − θ 1−θ
(α i −r )F ⋅ X iD
∑ (α ) − θ = 1 + Rm
i −r F
(8.180)(0.997 ) + 2.98 × 10 −3 = 1 + Rm
8.180 − 6.24 1 − 6.24
27
5.2927 − 5.28 × 10 −4 = 1 + Rm
Rm = 4.2952
R = 1.1Rm
R = (1.1) (4.2952) = 4.7247
Número de etapas.
R − Rm 4.7247 − 5.2952
= = 0.075 = γ
R +1 5.7247
por lo tanto:
S − Sm
= 0.5039 − 0.5968γ − 0.0908 log(γ )
S +1
S − 6775
= 0.5612
S +1
S − 6.775 = 0.5612 ⋅ S + 0.5612
S = 16.71 etapas ≈ 17 etapas
Diámetro de la Columna.
1/ 2
1
V = 0.761 = 0.3403
5
T DV =
(0.0323 )(3800 ) + (0.9676 )(3800 ) − 1 = 0
2567 .61 3816 .44
16 .74 − 18 .3036 −
T − 2901 T − 46 .13
e e
28
TDV = 339.18 ° K
1/ 2
339.18 1 1
(250.6 )(5.7247 )(22.2 )
4
Dc =
π (0 .3403) 273 5 3600
Dc = 2.8679 mts
Altura de la Columna:
17
Hc = 0.61 + 4.27
.8
Hc = 17.2325 mts
CONDENSADOR.
t2= 329.18 ° k
T2= 331.3 ° k
T1= 339.18 ° k
t1= 303 ° k T1 - T2 = 10 ° k
T2 – t1 = 28.3 ° k
29
*HOLLAND
Q = V1 (Hˆ V 1 − Hˆ L 0 )
Q = D(R + 1)(Hˆ V 1 − Hˆ l )
kgmol
(9288.19 − 5841.7733)
kcal
Q = 1434.6098
hr kgmol
kcal
Q = 4944263.13
hr
10 − 28.3
∆TML = = 17.5914°k
10
ln
28.3
Q
A=
U∆TML
49442636.13 kcal hr
A= = 383.994m 2
( )
732 kcal hr ⋅ m ⋅ °k (17.59°k )
2
REBOILER:
Q R = QC − FH F + DH D + BH B
HF a T = 751.86° R
31
BTU kcal
H F = 4941.6583 = 2742.9468
lbmol kgmol
HD a T = 596.34° R
( )
H D = (0.997 )(10538.33) + 2.98 × 10 −3 (1832.09)
BTU kcal
H D = 10512.18321 = 5834.9563
lbmol kgmol
HB a T = 765.72° R
( )
H B = 3.34 × 10 −6 (14210.062 ) + (.9999 )(4894.7061)
BTU kcal
H B = 4894.264 = 2716.6399
lbmol kgmol
QR = 5522317.56 kcal / hr
32
T2= 448° k
T2= 425.4° k
TN= 419.51° k
t1= 448° k
T2 - t2 = 22.6
22.6 − 28.49 T2 – t1 = 28.49
∆TML = = 25.43° K
22.6
ln
28.49
kcal
5522317.56
A= hr = 222.497m 2
kcal
976 (43.46°k )
hr ⋅ m 2 ⋅ °k
33
TANQUE DE CONDENSADOS.
PM MEZCLA = ∑ xiD PM i
(
PM MEZCLA = (0.997 )(44 ) + 2.98 × 10 −3 (18) = 43.921 )
L0 = (250.60)(5.7247 ) = 1434.6098
kgmol
hr
kgmol
C 2 H 4 O = (0.997 )(1434.6098) = 1430.3059 (44) = 62933.46
kg
hr hr
( )
H 2 O = 2.98 × 10 −3 (1434.6098) = 4.2751
kgmol
(18) = 76.952
kg
hr hr
Total 63010.412 kg / hr
kg
WC 2 H 4O = 0.9987 ρ C 2 H 4O = 899
cm 3
kg
W B = 1.2212 × 10 −3 ρ A = 998
cm 3
34
kg
63010.412 3
L0 = hr = 70.01 m
kg hr
900 3
m
m3
VLIQ = 70.01 (0.0833hr ) = 5.834m 3 al 75%
hr
Para 100%
5.834m 3
VT = = 7.778m 3
0.75
L = 3D
2
D
VT = π ×L
4
3
7.778m 3 = πD 3
4
D = 1.489m L = 4.467 m
En el punto 1
En el punto 2
Q = 40264493.39 kcal/hr
Intervalos de temperatura
270—144
144---80
80-----30
30-----20
AH1 = 2632728.42
AH2 = -28441516.16
AT3 = 31333809.5
AT4 = 699695.5
Q=0 Q=
208787.74
T1 = 270
AH1 =
2632728.42
T2 = 144 2632728.42 28441516.16
AH2 = -
28441516.16
T3 = 80 -208787.74 0 PUNTO DE
PLIEGUE
AT3 =
31333809.5
T4 = 30 31125021.76 31333809
AT4 =
699695.5
39
T5 = 20 31824717 32033505
H1-C1
H1 se desarrolla totalmente y la
temperatura de salida de C1 es
ATML = 111.5
3969987.3kcal / hr
A= = 48.64m 2 = 523.57 ft 2
732kcal / hrm2°C • 111.50°C
40
Para C1-servicios
BTU kcal
λ = 657 = 367.57
lb kg
ATML = 139.58
207632.88kcal / hr
A= = 1.524m 2 = 16.40 ft 2
976kcal / hrm2°C • 139.58°C
H2-C1
C1 se desarrolla totalmente, la
temperatura de salida de de H2 es:
3264668 = 6710474 x (90-T)
T = 85.13
Área del intercambiador
ATML = 54.84
33264668kcal / hr
A= = 81.32m 2 = 875.4 ft 2
732kcal / hrm2°C • 54.84°C
ATML = 58.34
36909070kcal / hr
A= = 696.128m 2 = 7493.3 ft 2
732kcal / hrm2°C • 58.34°C
Para H1-servicios
ATML = 59.44
1253680kcal / hr
A= = 28.81m 2 = 310.15 ft 2
732kcal / hrm2°C • 59.44°C
SERV.
C1 ENFR
H2
1 4
SERV.
ENFR
H1 2
5
SERV
CAL 3
COSTOS
PARA EL REACTOR
FBM = 4
Para acumulador
P = 4.9 bar
FM =1
FBM = 3
47
D = 1.4489 m
L = 4.46 m
Para condensador
A = 383.994 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar
Para reboiler
A = 222.49 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar
Para 1
A = 81.32 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar
Para 2
A = 48.64 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar
Para 3
A = 1.524 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar
49
Para 4
A = 696.128 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar
Para 5
A = 28.81 m2
FM = 1
P = 4.9 bar