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British University in Egypt – BUE

Civil Engineering Department
Civil Engineering Drawing
CIVL 02 C 03
Civil Engineering Drawing
CIVL 02 C 03

Dr. Amr Helmy

Associate Professor
Room 204
Building A
Ext. 1453
amr.helmy@bue.edu.eg

Civil Engineering Department,

Faculty of Engineering,
British University in Egypt.
Civil Engineering Drawing
CIVL 02 C 03

Fundamentals
of
Steel Structures Drawings
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Table of Content
1. Rolled and Light steel Sections
2. Portal Frame Components and Erection
3. General Layout Plan View
4. Connections
5. Welding vs. Bolting
6. Cladding
7. Bracing Systems
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Rolled steel sections Light steel sections

Fabricated structural sections

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Steel sections (symbol and convention)

H.W. Draw all the rolled steel sections shown using 1:10 scale
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Steel sections (symbol and convention)

H.W. Draw all the rolled steel sections shown using 1:10 scale
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Portal frame
1. Steel portal frames are capable of spanning large
distances. They are used in the construction of
factories and warehouses.

2. Wall and roof bracing is normally provided in

selected bays, often at the end of buildings.
Additional vertical column or beam sections may
be introduced at the gables (wind posts) to
support cladding on end walls.

3. Roof beams (rafters) and columns are usually

fabricated from rolled steel sections, while
purlins and cladding rails are usually in light
steel sections.

4. Cladding materials include built-up cladding

systems (as shown), composite cladding panels,
and masonry.
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Portal frame
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Portal frame
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Portal frame
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Portal frame
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Portal frame
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Portal frame erection
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Portal frame erection
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Portal frame erection
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Portal frame: general layout
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Connections
Column base connection
1. There are a variety of ways of connecting column base
plates to concrete ground structures.

2. One common method involves casting bolts, via bolt

pockets, into the concrete. Bolts are able to move slightly
within the pockets to provide horizontal adjustment of the
base plate before grouting the gaps around the bolts.

3. Vertical adjustment is by shims or packs inserted beneath

the base plate and the top surface of the concrete.
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Connections
Haunched beam to column connection
1. Haunched connections are used where there is a need to achieve high moment transfer.
2. The haunch locally increases the effective depth of the section.
3. Beams are attached using multiple pairs of bolts through an endplate.
4. Haunched connections are common in portal frames.
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Connections
End plate beam to column connection
1. Endplate connections have a single plate welded to the end of the beam, which is bolted to the
column using two or more bolts arranged in pairs or connected using site weld.

2. When connections are made to hollow section columns, it is not possible to install conventional
nuts onto the ends of bolts inside the section. Specially threaded holes may be used.
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Connections
Fin plate beam to column connection
1. Fin plate connections are fabricated by welding a single plate to the column (or to the
beam). Beams are normally attached using two or more bolts.
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Connections
End plate beam-to-beam connection
1. The end plate beam-to-beam connection is similar to the beam to column endplate
connection. However because the top flanges of the beams support floors or roof structure
directly, the top flange at the end of the incoming beam has to be notched.
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Connections
Pinned tube connection
1. The ends of tubes can be profiled and
welded, or can be bolted using simple fin-
plates.
2. Single fin-plates may be welded to each of
the members or, where eccentricities need
to be minimised, a single fin-plate on one
member may be designed to locate
between a pair of fin-plates on the other (as
shown).
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Connections: Splices
1. The components (members) are usually made of one continuous member , however long
members can be fabricated in several sections. These sections are normally connected to
each other on site using either site-weld or bolts. This connection is called a splice.

Column
Column Splice
Splice Column Splice Beam Splice
Site
Site Weld
Weld Bolted Connection Bolted Connection
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Connections: Welding vs. Bolting
WELDING BOLTING

Advantages: Advantages:

• Eliminates need for punching or • Easy method of connecting

drilling. members on the site.
• Simplifies complicated joints. • Field-bolting is cheaper than
field-welding.

Disadvantages: Disadvantages:
• Greater level of skill is required for • Requires drilling or punching
welding than bolting through all plies.
• More expensive than bolting.
• Weld inspection is required and is
expensive.
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Connections: Welding vs. Bolting
WELDING

BOLTING
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Light steel cladding

Built-up system
with liner sheet

Built-up
system with
liner trays
Light steel decking
(used for composite slabs)

Composite
panel system
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Horizontal Loads
1. Forces created by wind or seismic activity
are considered to act in the horizontal plane.
2. Wind pressures act on the building's vertical
surfaces and create varying forces across the
surface of the façade.
3. Seismic activity induces horizontal forces,
and at times, vertical loads.

Horizontal diaphragm/lateral load resisting

interface
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Vertical Bracing Systems
Cross Bracing
1. Perhaps the most common type of braced frame
is the cross-braced frame.
2. Connections for this type of bracing are
concentrated at the beam to column joints. Typical beam to
3. Cross bracing is denoted by the dashed-line column brace
drawn between the two center columns. The connections
solid lines indicate the floor beams and girders.

Typical floor plan with cross bracing Cross-braced building elevation

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Vertical Bracing Systems
Chevron Bracing
1. Chevron bracing (inverted V bracing) is a modified form
of a braced frame which allows for access ways to pass.
This system allows the architect to consider placing
doorways and corridors through the bracing lines on a
building.
Eccentric brace with typical
2. Chevron bracing is denoted by the dashed-line drawn
brace to beam connection
between the two center columns. The solid lines indicate
the floor beams and girders.

Typical floor plan with Chevron bracing Elevation with Chevron bracing
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Vertical Bracing Systems
Rigid Frames
1. Rigid frames are used when the architectural design
will not allow a braced frame to be used.
2. This type of lateral resisting system generally does
not have the initial cost savings as a braced frame Typical rigid
system but may be better suited for specific types (moment)
of buildings. connection

Typical floor plan with rigid frame bracing Elevation with rigid frame bracing
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Thank You