TRUSS

Construction process –

Truss is a structure that consists of members organized into connected triangles so that the
overall assembly behaves as a single object. Trusses are most commonly used in bridges, roofs
A
and towers.
A truss is made up of a web of triangles joined together to enable the even distribution of B
weight and the handling of changing tension and compression without bending or shearing.
The triangle is geometrically stable when compared to a four (or more) -sided shape which C
requires that the corner joints are fixed to prevent shearing.
Trusses consist of triangular units constructed with straight members. The ends of these members
are connected at joints, known as nodes. They are able to carry significant loads, transferring
M
them to supporting structures such as load-bearing beams, walls or the ground.
i. For any opening the framework is built accordingly at the desired location before applying
the mud.
ii. Once the framework is ready, a dense mud plaster is applied from either sides to create a
solid wall.

BURNT CLAY BRICKS

Construction process –

i. Mud is set into molds for making the bricks.

ii. The bricks are then fired in kilns to solidify them.

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iii. The bags are placed layer by layer, in a staggered
manner.
iv. For any opening a framework is placed at the
desired location during the setting of the layers.
SOLAR PANELS
How are Solar Panels Made?
Solar photovoltaic or ‘PV’ panels are made using the 6 main components described below and assembled in advanced manufacturing
facilities with extreme accuracy. In this article we will focus on panels made using silicon crystalline solar cells which are by far the most
common and highest performing solar technology available today. There are other solar PV technologies available such as thin film and
screen printed cells but we will not be discussing these as they have limited use or are still in development.

Six Main components of a solar panel

1) Solar photovoltaic cells
2) Toughened Glass - 3 to 4mm thick
3) Extruded Aluminium frame
4) Encapsulation - EVA film layers
5) Polymer rear backsheet
6) Junction box - diodes and connectors
PILE FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION
Piles can be either cast-in-place or precast driven piles.

Cast-in-place piles are made in the following steps:hammer a thin-walled steel tube into the ground
remove all earth left inside the tube
lower a steel reinforcement cage into the tube
cast the pile by pouring wet concrete into the tube
The thin walled steel tube is called the casing, and only serves to form a secure mould for casting
concrete that is free from earth and debris. It has no structural role to play after the casting is
complete.

Some soils are highly cohesive, meaning that if one drills a hole into the soil that is say 1 foot wide by
50 feet deep, then the soil holds the shape of the hole and does not collapse into the hole and block
it. If such soil is present at the site, then one does not need to leave a casing in place: one can use the
casing to drill the hole for the pile, and then remove it, and then cast the pile in place. This saves
costs as the same casing tube can be used to drill holes for all the piles.

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ROOFTOP GARDEN
Rooftop garden construction consists of two equally important phased applications: the waterproofing application and the garden assembly.
The ultimate success of a rooftop garden depends largely on the proper design and installation of both of these applications.

There are three waterproofing design elements that are essential to the success of the system: Support of added weight to the building. There
has to be an inherent compatibility of the rooftop garden and the structure.
Integrity of the waterproofing membrane and system.
Location and size of the roof drains.

1. Waterproofing Layer
Roof must be waterproofed, durable and frost resistant, if you’re growing plants on it, whether you will grow plants on containers, raised beds
or on the roof itself, roof waterproofing is must and should be the first step of terrace garden construction as it protects the roof from leaking.
Waterproofing covers up the entire surface of the roof, most importantly those spots where the plants will be planted.
2. Insulation Layer
Insulation layer (Protection Layer) makes a terrace garden resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuation and
provides it sufficient mechanical strength. It is made mostly of XPS extruded polystyrene boards, PIR panels or
polyurethane foam.
PIR panels are well suited as a layer of insulation on the roof garden as they have special grooves and milled edge
connections that allow rainwater to pass to drainage systems easily.
3. Drainage Layer
Drainage layer on the roof garden is used to quickly discharge the rainwater from the vegetation layer into the
drainage system, as well as to collect excess water.

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