R E S O U R C E S A N D M AT E R I A L S

Marcelina Moreno
IDIA 213
AIU- LONDON
FALL 2010
CONTENTS

THE BUILDING CENTRE TIMBER FINAL

Squire and Partners Hardwoods and Softwoods
Art’otel in Hoxton Engineered Woods
Woods and Bagot Wood Flooring Options
10 Trinity Square Alternative Flooring Options
RIBA Wet Rot, Dry Rot and Woodworm
Stone and Carpet Flooring Options
Constructing a Wood Floor
Hampstead Garden Suburb
5 Edmunds Walk
Pros /Cons and Moodboards
Elevations & Curtain Sketch
Sample Boards
Specification Spreadsheet
Example Renders

ECOLOGICAL HOME SYSTEMS FABRIC REFERENCES

Natural Ventilation Design Centre at Chelsea Harbour
Insulation Fabric Composition
Types of Insulation Critera for Nonresidential Textiles
A Brief History of England’s Windows Weights and Applications
Double Glazing Fireproofing
Slimlite Double Glazing Fabric Abbreviations
Supplier Directory Supplier Directory

TILING SANITARY WEAR

Leighton House Visit to CP Hart Showroom
Guide to Tiles and Tiling Waterproof Flooring Article
A Visit to tile showrooms Bath Comparison
Typical Tile Patterns Basin Comparison
Supplier Directory Toilet Comparison
Wall Tile Installation Guide Supplier Directory
Floor Tile Installation Guide
Within this section you’ll find a review of my visit to the
building centre. While I was there I took an interest in
two different architectural firms, Squire and Partners
and Woods and Bagot. Both firms are currently in-
volved with projects that are working to further the develop-
ment of London the Art’otel in Hoxton and 10 Trinity
Square. I also had the opportunity to visit RIBA and found
them to be most useful to my studies.
 The Building Centre was developed to be an invaluable Personally I found the 1:1500 scale model of London
source of information for all areas of building. It is oper- to be one of the most interesting parts of the whole
ated from a trust, which is educational charity focused building centre. It is always interesting to be able to
on the built environment. Perhaps the most valuable view the city as a whole and see how the river is an in-
resource for me is the Information Centre located with- tegral part of the city. I especially liked being able to
in. It provides access to 4000 plus product catalogues see how the city is laid out. All too often I forget how
and brochures as well as access to a variety of current close things actually are, the model was very help-
trade journals. In person is the best option as there ful in this, in addition to being interesting to look at.
are consultants on hand to help source products and
information. They use a system called SPECIFINDER
to access this info. But you can also access WWW.
SPECIFINDER.COM which is free to use, but does require
a registration. The other and least cost effective option
is to call 09065 161 136 however, calls are charged at
£1.50 per minute to cover postage and research costs.

The Building Centre

Store Street
London
WC1E 7BT
T: +44 (0) 207 692 4000
www.buildingcentre.co.uk
reception@buildingcentre.co.uk

Opening Hours
The Building Centre
Monday to Friday:
9.30 am - 6.00 pm

Saturday:
10.00 am - 5.00 pm*
*Information Centre closes at 2.00 pm on
Saturdays

Bookshop
Monday to Friday:
9.30 am - 6.00 pm
Saturday:
11.00 am - 5.00 pm

The Building Centre is closed on Sundays,

Bank Holidays, Easter Saturday and for the
Christmas period from 24th December to the
first working weekday of January.
There are several galleries within the building centre.
The main gallery is currently home to the 2010 Sus-
tainability Awards. As well as the Eco Zone, which fea-
tures information about the development of the Royal
Docks.
On the ground floor there is also an extensive book-
store. The employees are knowledgeable and most
helpful. Additionally they are willing to special order
books that are not currently in stock.
There is also an adjacent gallery that features the cur-
rent and proposed work of a variety of architectural
firms in the London area. The projects range from the
planned Olympic areas to hotel construction.
Downstairs there is a product gallery, which features
many items from manufacturers of contemporary, in-
novative and eco friendly products.
Squire and Partners
77 Wicklow Street
London
WC1X 9JY

T: 0207278555
Email: info@squiresandpartners.com

Squire and Partners have a variety of projects in-

cluding office, residential, master planning, refurbishment,
hotel, public. As well as having an International Division,
which is best known for their work in central London includ-
ing Berkley Homes in Potters Field and 100 Wigmore Street
Based on the belief that discussion and collabora-
tion result in the best design solutions. Here is an excerpt
from their introduction brochure “our approach to design
assumes that every site has its own history, character and
needs. Studying and interpreting this information forms
the basis of everything we do. We recognize and celebrate
the richness and variety of the world around us, and enjoy
the way it helps to shape out architecture.
As a result of the above they produce work that is
refined, crafted and purpose made. This has also resulted
in being nominated for the 2010 Brick Link to Project award
for their work on Berwick Street. As well as their work at 40
Portman Square garnered a nomination for a Natural Stone
Award
 Recently they were commissioned to build the flagship Art’otel
in Hoxton for the international contemporary hotel family. The firm has
drawn on the local history of the building site has dictated the external
design of the building.
As a compliment to the brick surrounding the building will be
clad in bronze colored anodised aluminium, which is perforated with
rectangles in a variety of sizes. The drum is horizontally separated into
sections, with subtle slices cutting through the building skin providing
openings, which highlight views of the local and wider area.
Woods Bagot
Oxford House
76 Oxford Street
London
W1D 1BS

T: 02076376880
Email: info@woodsbagot.com

Woods Bagot are a global architectural firm with offices all

over the world. They cover a variety of fields, but their primary focus
including office and hotel work. They operate based on the following 5
core values; include, enable, care, engage and intrepid
In 2009 they were nominated by the British Council for Offices
(BCO) Corporate Workplace and won for their design for Evershed LLP,
headquarter offices. Their work is based on the belief that discussion
and collaboration result in the best design solutions. In their own words
“At Woods Bagot we draw on our experience and research base to create
unique design responses in the areas of architecture, consulting, interior
design and urban design services.”
As a result of the above they provide authentic designs, which
easily solve the needs of each project such as The Grosvenor House
building and The Hilton at Trafalgar Square
 They were recently commissioned to design and
build 10 Trinity Square in London. The former Port of London
Authority, which is overlooking the Tower of London and the
River Thames. The firm seems the ideal choice as they also
specialize in the restoration and re-use of London’s historic
building and they have been involved in a number of historic
building conversions to hotel use

They are taking a modern approach to the original ro-
tunda design ,which was badly damaged during World War
II, and will be replaced with a central rotunda with a glazed
dome. The new rotunda will also provide a central and archi-
tectural focus. The hourglass form will also allow for the use
of natural light. The use of glazing will allow for light to be ra-
diated up and outwards from the central dome and provide
natural light to the hotel rooms
 “The Royal Institute of British Architects champions
better buildings, communities and the environment
through architecture and our members.” They do this
by providing the building standards, they also pro-
vide training, support and recognition for their mem-
bers. By doing this it allows for RIBA members to be
constantly at the peak of their profession.
RIBA also has the hold on one of the largest and most
important collections of architectural drawings. Their
collection also contains some of the most extensive
photographs and archives in the world. The Library
is open to member as well as non members who can
use the study and teaching rooms.

RIBA also works closely with the British Government,

in an effort to improve the overall design quality of
public buildings, new homes and new communities.

66 Portland Place
London
W1B 1AD
Tel: 020 7580 5533
www.architecture.com
Bookshop
Monday - Friday 9.30am-5.30pm
Saturday 10am-5pm

RIBA British Architectural Library

Tel: 090 6302 0400
Monday closed
Tuesday 10am - 5pm
Wednesday 10am - 5pm
Thursday closed
Friday 10am - 5pm
Saturday 10am - 1.30pm
Sunday closed

RIBA Architecture Study Rooms

Tuesday - Friday 10am - 5pm
Saturday - Monday closed
 Underground Journeys: Charles Holden’s designs for London Transport
26 January 2011
1:15 PM - 2:00 PM
I was excited to learn that RIBA is hosting this exhibit at the V&A. This look
at Charles Holden’s classic designs for the London seems like an interest-
ing way to view something I use on a daily basis. It’s interesting to think
that at the time this was a modern take on the classic tube station. Com-
pared today’s modern station the classic designs of Holden. I’m looking
forward to the many other RIBA sponsored events that will take place in
London this coming year.

Palladio and His Legacy: A Transatlantic Journey

September 2, 2010 - January 30, 2011

One of the current features at RIBA is a tribute to Andrea Palladio, whose work has been a ma-
jor influence in the history of British architecture. Palladio and Britain celebrates this contribu-
tion to architecture through the collections of the RIBA British Architectural Library. Through
the exhibit you’ll be able to discover the life, travels, studies and buildings of Andrea Palladio
and witness the birth of Palladianism. Since I’ve previously studied Palladianism and Neo-
Palladianism it was interesting to take a further look at the houses and interiors of Palladian
and Neo-Palladian Britain and find out about the architects who built them. There was also
a fantastic section wherein the question of “How is Palladio seen today?” is addressed. There
are discussions from contemporaries who talk about Palladio’s drawings, books and works. I
would say it’s an exhibit not to be missed.
This section focuses on ecological home systems,
which can help to make a home more energy efficient and
lower monthly gas and electric bills. I also included a section
on natural ventilation and show the ways to keep the
house air flowing. Insulation in its many forms and func-
tion is also included. Next up taking a look at the brief his-
tory England’s windows, all of which lead up to the
modern double glazing options available today as well
as a section on Slimlite double glazing, which is the per-
fect option for historic windows. I’ve also included a supplier
directory.
Geothermal Water Systems
Geothermal Thermal Heating Systems utilize geothermal power for
heating. Thermal efficiency is high because there is no need for en-
ergy conversion for this type of system. The system runs in a ther-
mal loop at a constant core temperature by drilling wells vertically
or horizontally allows for this heat transfer to pipes. These fluid from
the pipes which either cooling or heating is extracted. Geother-
mal can cope with average ambient temperatures around the same
temperatures as a conventional heat pump, like a conventional
heat pump, it will need to be able to provide a supplemental source
if temperatures dip below freezing

Solar Panels
The panels most commonly installed by homeowners, consisting of
eight panels cost between £10-12K and cost is dependant on the
orientation of the roof and the number of people who will be using
the system panels can cost between £3600 (SE-SW 2 people) £4200
(E-W 2 people) On 1st February 2010, the Government announced
that households who install certified Solar Thermal Hot Water Sys-
tems will be eligible to receive hundreds of pounds every year, The
scheme is called the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) . Solar cells
have about a 15% efficiency rate in converting that energy. There-
fore solar panels deliver only 19 to 56 W/m≤ or 0.45-1.35 kWh/m≤/
day of that average power. But that does not make solar energy in-
efficient. The energy output of a 1 KW solar energy unit is roughly
equivalent to the burning of 170 pounds of coal and 300 pounds of
carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere.

Skirting Heating
One of the major benefits of skirted heating systems os their low &
high temperature performance, making them ideal and suitable for
heat pumps, solar and conventional boiler systems. They are also
considered to be rapid, controllable response times, which means
that they heat the room in minutes and can be tightly controlled
on & off, reducing your fuel bills. Additionally they are ideal for
retrofitting and can easily be combined with the existing heating
system. Another wonderful aspect of these systems is the price,
which can range from £19.95/m to 39.95/m, making it one of the
least expensive options on the market.

Under floor Heating

Is a method of warming a building by allowing the floor to act like a
massive radiator. Unlike radiators, under floor heating systems do not
need to run at high temperatures. Typically, the temperature of the wa-
ter in an under floor heating system pipe is 45 – 65c (compare this to
approximately 80c flow and surface temperature of a radiator system)
warming the floor to a temperature of 25 – 28c, which is comfortable to
walk on. Under floor heating heats from the floor upwards allowing an
even distribution of heat and maximising comfort levels.
Under floor heating can result in a 15-40% energy saving over tradition-
al heating methods. Compared with radiators, there is no noise with
under floor heating. Under floor Heating helps to reduce the number
of dust mites in your home because moisture content levels are too low.
This can aid sufferers of asthma and other breathing complications.
Natural Ventilation
In its simplest form, natural ventilation is as simple as
opening a window or door; it permits some form of air
exchange with the outdoors

At the other end of the spectrum, natural ventilation im-

plies an engineered balance of driving forces and pres-
sure losses to move air through a building at predictable
minimum flow rates, to provide adequate ventilation
for air quality, for thermal comfort and to manage heat
loads.

It is also the least expensive way to provide comfort to a

space as it can insure that there is a constant flow of air.
 Insulation
There are a variety of reasons why insulation is used and
A dependant on the type being used.

Building insulation is typically added to buildings for

comfort and to help increase energy efficiency
B
Soundproofing, also known as acoustic insulation and is
B
used as a means of reducing sound

Thermal insulation is used to reduce the rate of heat

C transfer with in the structure

Electrical insulation is used to resist the flow of electric

C
D
current and magnetism
D

Here are a few of the typical locations that insulation will be placed.
A. the attic
B. exterior walls
C. flooring
D. basement walls
Fiberglass Insulation: is most commonly used in modern
homes. It is used in walls, ceiling and as a wrap for ducts and pipes. It
is chemically stable, will not rot and is not flammable. It will melt with
enough heat, which makes it non-flame retardant. It is not water re-
sistant and will absorb moisture, so it is a bad choice for damp or wet
locations. Fibreglass insulation is manufactured in a number of useful
forms.
(A) Fibreglass rolls are available in various widths and lengths for use
between the framing members of walls, ceilings and on attic floors. A B
(B) Fibreglass batts are the really the same as rolls, except that they are
bundled in precut lengths to make installation in standard 8’ walls easier. C D
(C) Fibreglass blankets are similar to batts in that they are sold in precut
lengths, but do not have a vapor barrier facing.
(D) Loose fill fibreglass can be poured or mechanically blown onto attic
floors, making this the fibreglass product of choice for certain jobs.

A
Cellulose Insulation: a product from the paper industry B
that uses 75% recycled paper. Unlike fiberglass this is an ideal so-
lution for colder climates because of its insulating properties (A). It
is also less permeable to air movement than fiberglass as well.
This is a loose-fill product and uses a wet-spray method for
installation. After being specially treated with a binding agent to
act as an adhesive once wet, it is mixed with a small amount of
water to activate the binder. Then it is sprayed using a low pres-
sure spray into open cavities (B). Because it is derived from wood C
and flammable, cellulose insulation is also treated chemically to be
both fire resistant and fire retardant. Making it safe for all residen-
tial uses (C).
 Mineral Wool insulation: a product manufactured
from steel slag. The slag, a by-product of steel manufacturing con-
sisting of dirt and limestone and is combined with other chemi-
cals, heated and spun into a fibrous material that is an excellent
insulator. It is permanent, will not rot, does not burn, melt, absorb
moisture, and will not support mold or mildew. It is available in
(A) batts or as a loose-fill product that can be blown into walls and
A B ceilings. Because of its fire resistant properties, it is the insulator
of choice in applications where the maximum fire resistance is de-
sired or required (B).

Ridge Board insulation: is made from various materials

such as polystyrene, polyisocyanurate, compressed mineral wool and
rigid fibreglass. Used in a variety of applications both above and be-
low ground, they are waterproof or water resistant and are available in
a variety of sizes and thickness’. (A) Some of the applications for rigid
insulation are on exterior and below grade foundations, under base-
ment slabs, as a backer for vinyl siding and as an insulator for base-
ment walls (B).
A B

Sprayed Foam insulation: can be sprayed into build-

ing cavities or directly onto surfaces. Spray foam is an inert product
that resists rot and mildew and, because of the strong bond it makes
with structural members, actually adds strength to the building (A) A
nominal 1/2-inch of spray foam is applied to the inside of the exterior
sheathing within an open stud wall cavity. A glass fibre batt is then
installed over the spray foam (B). The purpose of the spray foam is pri-
B marily as an air barrier.

A
The Brief History of England’s Windows.
Prior to the sixteenth century, windows
were primarily constructed out of stone
mullions or timber frames and did not
have any glazing openings.
The sixteenth century was considered
a period of increased stability and pros-
perity due to the Tudor dynasty. Dur-
ing this time one of the most noticeable
changes to windows was the increase
in size. While the windows may have
been larger, they were still divided into
smaller openings. This also allowed for
the window to open through the use of
a wrought-iron frame and casement. The
leaded glazing was then attached to the
casement.
During the seventeenth century win-
dows began to be built taller. They were
also typically divided into four panes.
Some were made from masonry, but as
the century progressed, they were also
constructed from timber and these are
referred to as ‘cross-casement’ window.
Also during the seventeenth century
the sash window was introduced. At the
time the sash window consisted of two
sashes, or glazed frames, with the front
one suspended in the top half of the
frame, and the rear would close the bot-
tom half. At the time sashes were always
timber, usually oak or pine, with a grid of
timber glazing bars to hold the glass.
In the eighteenth century, the sash win-
dow was altered very little. However,
as the century progressed sash design
evolved; it was made almost exclusively
from pine and the quality of glass avail-
able improved, allowing panes to be-
come thinner. Additionally the width of
the glazing bars began to reduce in size.
During this time the use of casement
windows was also decreased.
In the nineteenth century or ‘Regency’
era, introduced the experimentation
with patterns of glazing. This was seen as
an attempt to break away from the sim-
ple ‘grid like’ arrangements of the previ-
ous century. The panes also became
even more narrow, and turned into long,
thin panes of glass that ran around the
edge of the window like a border and of-
ten filled with colored glass.
During the nineteenth century, the size
of windows began to grow, allowing
rooms to be flooded with light and also
providing access to balconies. In fact
many earlier window sashes had their
sills lowered to become full-length. Af-
ter the reign of Queen Victoria began
in 1837, plate glass became far more
common. This was due in large part to
the fact that the methods of making it
became much less expensive. By the
mid-century most sash windows either
had only a single, central glazing bar, or
none at all.
The latter half of the nineteenth cen-
tury witnessed the introduction of two
additional historical styles, Arts and
Crafts and Queen Anne. It was under
the former, that leaded panes became
popular again. They were often set in
stone mullions or oak frames, white
painted small-pane sash windows.
The evolution of the Arts and Crafts and
Queen Anne style windows continued
into the twentieth century. Simplified ver-
sions of the windows became the com-
mon style for most inter-war housing
estates. Typically they had timber case-
ments, often with small panels of leaded
and coloured glass in doors and at the top
of windows
At the same time, the modernist windows,
which were influenced by the Art Deco
style, began to be made from recently de-
veloped hot-rolled steel; these were called
‘Crittal’ windows. It was possible to manu-
facture them using the latest technology,
producing a simple, functional window
with a modern appearance, in keeping
with the minimalist International Style.
During the post-war period the head- This decade also brought the arrival both of
lining design principal became func- ‘sealed-unit’ double glazing, and the ‘unplasti-
tionalism. Typical features of post-war cised-polyvinyl chloride’ (U.-P.V.C.) frames which
windows are things like simple white- hold them. (see next page)
painted frames made from soft woods.
They were usually very plain and un-
moulded. However they now included
storm-proofed opening casements and
they often formed ‘picture windows’,
They were also constructed from alu-
minium.

On larger buildings the production of

large sheets of toughened glass saw the
introduction of ‘curtain walling’, where
buildings were entirely clad in glass.

The 1980’s saw the arrival of

‘Planar’ glazing; meaning that the glass
is not held in frames, but is attached,
by bolts or vacuum pads, to an internal
frame with a silicon sealant between
the panes of glass making them weath-
er-tight.

Flush box sash window Recessed box sash window Concealed box sash window
Double Glazing is the process in which a window pane is formed by two pieces of glass that are separated by a thin space of air or gas. A
drying agent ensures no moisture is present inside the unit before it is sealed airtight. The trapped air serves as an insulating layer and prevents heat
loss. Double-glazed windows are also called double-glazed units, insulated glazing units and insulated glass units

The heat lost from a double-glazed window is almost half that lost
from a single glass window. Double glazing prevents the formation of
frost and condensation on the surface of glass in the winter.

Double glazing provides additional security since double-glazed win-

dows are tougher than single pane windows and therefore are harder
to penetrate and they reduce dampness and provide greater sound
insulation.

There are numerous types of double-glazed windows available, in-

cluding operable casements, single-hung windows, double-hung
windows, awning windows, fixed picture windows, greenhouse win-
dows, octagon and round windows, angled gable windows, gliders,
bow windows and bay windows Double glazing is used in apartments,
homes, offices, industrial complexes, commercial buildings.

double glazed window a typical single glazed

cross section unit
Slimlite Double Glazing is the perfect solution for historic windows. These units are built using the same technology as a regular double
glass unit, however because the units are only 10-12mm thick they can be fitted into the existing window. This allows homeowners to preserve the
look and feel of their historic home, while also keeping more money in their pockets.

Slimlite Double-Glazing Advantages

•These double-glazed units are just 10-12mm thick, which al-
lows them to be fitted to most existing single-glazing open-
ings
•The units offer excellent insulation due to the thermally ef-
ficient inert gas (xenon or krypton) sandwiched between the
two panes of glass
•Will Comply with Building Regulations Document J Scotland
and Document L England for improved thermal insulation
•Low-emissivity glass used for the inner pane reflects heat
back into the room
•Replacing one square metre of single glazing with low-E
double glazing will give you a saving of approximately 90kg
of carbon dioxide emissions per year by cutting down on

Slimlite Double-Glazing Disadvantages

•They are not yet widely accepted by conservation officers
for use in period buildings
•The cost - Slimlite double glazing costs around 60-70 per
cent more than standard units. Prices start at £34 for a small
(0.3sqm) window
 Window Suppliers Directory
Rationel Windows The Greater London Sash Window Company American Options
rationel.co.uk glsash.co.uk Architectural Accents
Tel: 018 6924 8181 Tel: 084 5643 6197 2711 Piedmont Road NE
OX26 2UA N13 5AR Atlanta GA 30305
Tel: 404-266-8700
Trade Windows Doors and Conservatories Ltd Peerless Windows architecturalaccents.com
Trade2public.co.uk peerlesswindows.co.uk
Tel: 080 0612 0881 Tel: 020 8567 6000 Classic Sash & Door
B70 8AX W13 9QR PO Box 10392
Portland OR 97296
Zenith Staybrite Wembley Windows Ltd Tel: 503-227-0202
Zenithwindows.co.uk wembleywindows.co.uk classicsash.com
Tel: 080 0328 9395 Tel: 020 8208 4100
NR10 3JU NW2 1LX Historic Doors
PO Box 139
Crystal Windows Window Masters Kempton PA 19529
crystalwindows.co.uk www.window-masters.co.uk Tel: 610-756-6187
Tel: 080 0096 2244 Tel: 0800 91 77 532 historicdoors.com
RM7 7PN W1H 5WQ
Restorations Unlimited, Inc.
Everglade Windows Malbrook Conservatories Ltd 29 South Vine Street
everglad.co.uk malbrook.com Elizabethville PA 17023
Tel: 020 8998 8775 Tel: 020 8780 5522 Tel: 717-362-3477
UB6 7JD SW15 2TN restorationsunlimited.org

Copycats Slimlite Double Glazing Co. ReFind The Rebuilding Center

copycatsweb.co.uk slimliteglass.co.uk 3625 N. Mississippi Ave.
Tel: 017 3286 6632 Tel: 0131 551 2931 Portland OR 97227
TN8 5PP EH5 1RF Tel: 503-445-1756
refindcenter.org
Conservatories & Windows Direct Ltd
Tel: 020 8933 1854
cons-win-direct.co.uk
NW10 6HJ
This section is focused on tiling and its many aspects. First up
is my review from a delightful visit to Leighton House. Fol-
lowed by a breakdown of the different types of tiles as well
as reviews of my visits to Fired Earth and Tower Ceramics
showrooms. Then I’ve collected information about suppliers
who can assist in Getting the Look at Leighton House as
each sells a variety of Iznik tiles. I’ve also included a supplier
directory which can be used for all different types of tiling
All of this is followed by the installation guides for Wall Tiling
and Floor Tiling as provided by Fired Earth.
Leighton House
Leighton House was an unexpected and can be found in the Holland
Park area of London. The home was built for Victorian artist Lord Fred-
erick Leighton by architect George Aitichison over a period of 30 years
beginning in 1864 until Leighton’s death in 1896.

The exterior of the house is a simple brick and is very similar to those
that it surrounds. However its interior is was sets it apart as a true
historical gem in London. Personally from the outside I would have
never expected to find an interior like the one found here. Walking
in you are greeted by the Arab Hall, which is stunning to say the least.
Leighton drew on his travel experiences for the decor of the Arab Hall. A
It was added in 1877 and includes hundreds of 16th and 17th century
Iznik tiles which were brought from his travels in the Middle East. This
room was breathtaking and required multiple visits to take it all in.
The vivid colors and use of color combinations is inspiring. I would say
the only down side to the room is that there is no where to sit, so that A. Lord Frederick Leighton
you can enjoy the room for longer stretches. B. Leighton House

The Drawing and Drawing Rooms, which are adjacent to the Arab Hall,
are also impressive with the use of vivid, rich color. The next section
of the house which caused me to pause and enjoy was the Stair Hall-
way. The colors for this room were inspired by those of a peacock, a
fact which is easily recognizable. It is the perfect compliment to the
Arab Hall with the continuation of fantastic shades of blue, greens and
golds. This is also home to the famed William de Morgan tiles, which
the artist created for this hall to act as an accent to those used in the
adjacent Arab Hall. Clearly a success, the rooms are the perfect com-
pliment to one another.

The upstairs includes the following rooms the Silk Room, along with
Leighton’s bedroom and studio. While still impressive, pale in com-
parison to the ground floor rooms. The house as a whole is well worth B
the cost of admission and deserving of several return trips.
 A. The Arab Hall
B. Detail of Turkish and Syrian
Iznik Tiles
C. Stairwell and de Morgan
tiles
D. Colored sample of the tiles

A C D

A C

A B
Types of Tiles
There are several categories for tiles. Because of this and depending
on the needs of your project and your desired outcome, it is possible
to find many possible options. The tile categories are as follows;
Ceramic These tiles can be glazed or unglazed. Glazed tiles are
available solid coloring or decorated and can be used on walls and
floors. Unglazed are better suited for commercial and industrial pro-
ject, but can be used in laundries and utility rooms. They are avail-
able with a nonslip profile.
My visit to Fired Earth showroom and Tower Ceramics provided me with the
opportunity to ask questions and touch and feel the different products. Both
showrooms provided a great selection of tiles to view along with extensive
catalogues for purchase. I’ve always been a fan of tile as I like the sleek look it
can provide to a surface and the simple way in which it can transform a room.
I also enjoyed seeing all the color options available and was interested to learn
that in some cases at an additional cost there are color matching options avail-
able as well. Fired Earth is also wonderful enough to provide a series of instal-
lation guides for their products available for download on their website.

Quarry Tile These are tiles which are a traditional product made
in the UK for hundreds of year. They are made from natural clay,
squeezed through an extruding machine, and then fired. They are
available in more limited colors such as terracotta, black and white.

Porcelain Tiles These tiles are ceramic tiles, but have very low ab-
sorbency. They are usually made from kaolin clays, feldspar and silica
and coloring oxides and are fired at about 1200C. Porcelain tiles are
hard wearing and can be used on walls or floors.

Terracotta Tiles These tiles are also made from local clays. The
term terracotta means “cooked earth” which is literally what they are.
This type of product tends to be very absorbent, meaning it would
be necessary to seal the floor on which they are placed.

Mosaics Tiles These are more about the size of the tile as they are
very small, typically usually less than 35cm. But mosaics tiles can be
from nearly any tile material glazed or unglazed and made from por-
celain, ceramic, glass or natural stone.

Architectural Tiles limestone, marble, granite and slate are quar-

ried from the earth. Some are extremely hard, and some quite soft.
Some may need sealing.
 Tile Supplier Directory
Get the Leighton House Look
Italia Tiles
If you are looking to recreate the stunning Arab Hall in
2/10 Carlisle Road
your house here are a few places to look for the Iznik
Unit J
tiles. Whether you are looking for 10 tiles to create a
Colindale Business Park
nice accent or 1000 to mimic the Leighton experience
Colindale
you’ll be able to find a vast selection at any of these
London NW9 0HN
locations. Why the difference in price? Not only do
020 8905 9444
the tiles vary in size, but some are also handmade and
painted in Turkey.
Tiles Etc.
4 Schillingford Street
London
Ann Sacks
N1 2OP
annsacks.com
020 7354 4800
Starting at £3 per tile
World’s End Tiles
Silverthorne Road
Turkish Ceramics Battersea
turkishceramics.co.uk London
Starting at £7 per tile SW8 3HE
020 7819 2100

Turkish Tiles Tower Ceramics

turkish-tiles.com 91 Parkway
Starting at £ 20 per tile London
NW1 7pp
020 7485 7192

Fired Earth
74-75 Marylebone High Street
Yurdan Turkish Tiles London
yurdan.com W1U 5JW
Starting at £34 per tile 020 72 58 9990
 Glossary
Adhesion – The ability to stick
Adhesive Spreader – Tool used to apply
measured depth of adhesive
Bedding – Depth of material to seat tiles
Butter – Applying a thin bed of adhesive to
the back of the tile
Chipboard – A composition of fibrous wood
material
Coatings – Material applied to a surface
Compacting – Pressing material firmly into
position
Crazing – Tiny hairline fractures in a glaze
Curing – Improvement in strength,
hardness, durability and other properties of
a material
Damp Proof Membrane (DPM) –
Material to prevent ingress of damp
Diamond Cutter – Electrical tile
cutting tool
Expansion Joints – A space allowed for
movement
Flexibond – A liquid used as an additive for
adhesive and grout
Grout Float – Tool used to apply grout
Grout Joints – Channel formed between
tiles to be filled with grout material
MDF – Medium density fibreboard
Mitre – Cutting two angles to form a joint
Pinholes – Tiny imperfections in a glaze
Primed – Providing a treatment to aid
adhesion
Sealing – Applying a liquid to prevent
ingress of moisture
Shadowing – Light refraction where two
panes of glass abut; or where water has
seeped behind clear glass tiles that is visible
through the tiles
Silicone Sealer – An elastic material to seal
joints
Slurry Coating – A system used to prepare
a surface for the application of a floor
adhesive
Squeegee – Rubber edged tool to aid
application and removal of excess grout
Stud Partition – Non load bearing wall built
of timber construction
Substrate – The surface onto which the
tiles are to be laid
Universal Bonding Agent – A liquid used as
a primer or sealer
Tile Backer Board – Mortar faced glass
reinforced board.
Wet Locations – Showers, steamrooms, etc.
WPB Plywood – High quality water-
resistant board

22
 Glossary Pointing – Ca
between tiles
the joint
Adhesion – The ability to stick naturally occurring layer of slate Sand and Cem
Angle Grinder – Electrical tile cutting tool Diamond Cutter – Electrical cutting tool laid to form a
Anhydrite Screeds – Calcium based screed, Expansion Joints – A space allowed in a Sealing – Pro
seek advice floor to allow for movement reduce porosit
Appliances – Fridge, dishwasher etc. Fired Earth Flexibond – A liquid used as Slurry – A thi
Asphalt – Black, bituminous base an additive in adhesive or grout to increase Spoil – Excess
flexibility and bond strength
Bedding – Depth of material to seat tiles Squeegee – R
Fired Earth Fleximat – An orange plastic removal of ex
Bitumen – Black in colour, often used as a sheet used to prepare timber floors for
glue to stick vinyl tiles Straight Edge
tiling
are ‘straight’ a
Bowed – Convex or concave shaped tiles Floating or Insulated Floor – A thermally
Subfloor – Th
Buffed – Abrasion of a waxed surface efficient floor which is not physically
tiles are to be
Butter – Applying a thin bed of adhesive to attached to its base
Thermal Mov
the back of the tile. Filled Stone – Where any naturally
by temperatur
Butt Jointed – Fixing tiles together tightly occurring holes have been filled with resin
based filler Fired Earth U
with no allowance for a grout joint
Primer for sur
Chalk Line – Tool used to provide straight Finishing – Process of applying final coat
adhesive.
line for setting out tiles of sealer
Grout Float – Tool used to apply grout Fired Earth Un
Chipboard – A composition of fibrous
Material used
timber Grout Joints – Channel formed between
tiles to be filled with grout material variations of l
Coatings – Material applied to a surface
underfloor he
Compacting – Pressing material firmly into Honed Stone – Mechanical process used
position to smooth the surface of natural stone Uncalibrated

Curing – Improvement in strength, Movement Joint - An area which allows Wax Polish –
hardness, durability and other properties of for movement caused by change in
temperature/humidity etc. WBP Plywood
a material
suitable grade
Damp Proof Membrane (DPM) – A layer Notched Trowel – Tool designed to apply
of impervious material installed to prevent a specified depth of adhesive Fired Earth is a
rising damp Oxidise – Hardening reaction following Consumer Pro
Registered in E
Day Joints - A ‘joint’ in the screed as a exposure to the air
Registered Nu
result of a break in pouring the screed pre-sealed – Pre-treated with sealer at Registered Off
the factory Group plc, Jun
Delamination – Loss of some or all of a Warwickshire,
28
This section is focused on timber products and flooring. I’ve
provided a breakdown of the different hardwoods what
they look like as well as where they can be used. I’ve done the
same for softwoods. I also included a section on the differ-
ent engineered wood that has been developed for build-
ing and construction. Next I explain the different types of
wood flooring that are available today as well as providing
a few alteratives to wood floor that I found. I’ve also pro-
vided a guide to wet rot, dry rot and woodworm, which
is something anyone building with timber products needs
to be aware of. I also included an informative article I found
about stone flooring options as well as another supple-
mental article about the different soft flooring option of
carpet available. Lastly I included information about a new
recycled wood flooring product from Staybull as well as a
flooring supplier directory
Hardwoods are woods derived from angiosperm trees. They are not necessarily harder than softwoods, but rather have a greater
range in density. Hardwoods are more complex structure wise than softwoods. The dominant feature separating “hardwoods” from softwoods
is the presence of pores, or vessels. The vessels may show considerable variation in size, shape of perforation plates, and structure of cell wall.

Ash Elm
Appearance: typically pale; coarse texture; straight grain Appearance: mid-tones; medium grain
Characteristics: medium hard; strong; easy to work and bend Characteristics: not durable and limited availability
Applications: flooring, cabinetry, cladding, bentwood furniture Applications: interior carpentry, furniture

Beech
Appearance: light color, uniform straight grain
Characteristics: medium hard; strong; easy to work and bend
Applications: flooring, cabinetry, cladding, bentwood furniture
Iroko
Appearance: mid to dark tones; coarse texture; straight grain
Characteristics: very hard and durable
Birch Applications: stairs, veneers, floors, furniture, cabinetry
Appearance: pale color with straight grain
Characteristics: medium hard; not particularly strong
Applications: plywood, veneers, furniture, finish carpentry

Cherry
Appearance: darkens on exposure; fine even straight grain
Characteristics: easy to work and bend
Mahogany
Appearance: dark and rich color; fine grain
Applications: furniture, flooring, contrasting boarders, veneers
Characteristics: strong; naturally resistant to pests and worm-
wood; easy to carve
Applications: flooring, furniture, interior carpentry, veneers
Chestnut
Appearance: light color; slightly wavy grain
Characteristics: soft; naturally resistant to insects and fungus
Applications: flooring, cabinetry, finish carpentry
Maple
Appearance: almost white; fine even texture; strong grain
Characteristics: medium hard; very durable and wear re-
sistant; good for steam- bending
Applications: flooring in heavy traffic areas such as gyms,
Walnut
Appearance: beautifully figured and dark toned; coarse
furniture
texture; straight or wavy grain; may have cracks or knots
Characteristics: prone to woodworm; easy to work
Applications: flooring, veneers, furniture, joinery
Oak
Appearance: pale or mid-brown, darkens to velvety grey with
weathering; coarse open grain
Characteristics: very hard and durable; difficult to carve and
work; easy to split
Applications: structural elements, flooring, interior and exte-
rior carpentry, furniture
Wenge
Appearance: very dark; straight grain
Sycamore Characteristics: very hard and durable
Appearance: creamy white; straight grain Applications: exterior and interior carpentry, floors, veneers,
Characteristics: medium hard; easy to work and steam- cabinetry
bend
Applications: furniture, flooring, veneers, cabinetry

Teak
Appearance: mid to dark- tones; coarse texture; straight grain
Characteristics: very durable; highly weather resistant due to
oiliness
Applications: decking, outdoor and indoor furniture, external
carpentry
Softwoods are woods from conifers. Softwood is a significant source of the world’s production of timber. The term softwood is
used as opposed to hardwood. However, softwoods are not necessarily softer than hardwoods. There is variation in actual wood hardness
between hard and softwood

Cedar of Lebanon Western Hemlock

Appearance: pale tone; knotty Appearance: light in tone; straight grain
Characteristics: strong aromatic smell; durable Characteristics: soft; wear-resistant
Application: interior carpentry Application: exterior and interior carpentry, cladding,
saunas, veneers

Douglas Fir
Appearance: attractive grain
Characteristics: resinous; fairly durable; long boards
available
Application: exterior and interior carpentry, furniture Western Red Cedar
Appearance: warm tone, weathers to grey; wavy grain
Characteristics: very soft; highly moisture and rot re-
Larch sistant; aromatic
Appearance: knotty; wavy grain
Application: exterior carpentry and garden use; shingles;
Characteristics: resinous; medium hard; not durable
interior carpentry
Application: flooring, plywood, veneers

Norway Spruce
Appearance: pale; straight grain
Characteristics: medium hard; not durable Yellow Pine
Application: interior carpentry, glulam beams Appearance: very light; fine, even, straight grain
Characteristics: very soft; not durable; dimensionally
stable; easy to work
Redwood Application: interior carpentry, doors, joinery, furniture
Appearance: pale to reddish; knotty
Characteristics: not durable; available in long boards;
abundant; easy to work
Application: general construction and joinery
Engineered Woods are also called composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board; includes a range of derivative
wood products which are manufactured by binding together the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers of wood, together with adhesives, to form com-
posite materials. Typically, engineered wood products are made from the same hardwoods and softwoods used to manufacture lumber.

Blockboard
Appearance: Blockboard is made up of a core of softwood strips. The strips are placed
edge to edge and sandwiched between veneers of hardwood. The sandwich is then
glued under high pressure.
Applications: used to make shelves, doors, panelling and partitions, internal applica-
tions such as joinery, door blanks, furniture, and shop fitting

Medium-Density Fiberboard- MDF

Appearance: It is an engineered wood product that is formed by breaking down hard-
wood or softwood residuals into wood fibers. Those fibers are then combining with
wax and a resin binder and formed into panels by applying high temperature and
pressure. Making MDF more dense than plywood.
Applications: can be used as a building material similar in application to plywood.

Oriented Strand Board -OSB

Appearance: It is made from softwood chips that are arranged crosswise in layers or
plies and then heat and pressure are applied. It is stronger than chipboard
Applications: This is ideal for interior cladding or panelling, external boarding or
temporary weatherproofing

Glulam
Appearance: several layers of dimensioned timber glued together with the grain
running parallel. Making them extremely strong and available in longer lengths.
Applications: Perfect for timber framing construction, floors, roofs and ceilings.

Plywood (below right)

Appearance: made from thin sheets of wood. The layers are glued together so that
adjacent plies have their wood grain at right angles to each other for greater strength.
Applications: It is used in many applications that need high-quality, high-strength
sheet material. Used for Floors, walls and roofs in house construction, Wind bracing
panels, Fencing, Concrete shuttering panels, Ready-to-paint surfaces for construc-
tions
Wood Flooring Options these days it seems as if you can find a million different options when it comes to wood flooring.
The truth is that there are three main options and then within each of those you’ll find it’s divided further. Ultimately if you can select the kind of
product you would like, you’ll be able to find the color and look you are wanting. Hardwood flooring is offered in a variety of sizes. Thickness of
flooring generally ranges from 1/4” up to 3/4” for most solid hardwood. The width varies from 1” on up to about 6”, with the most common sizes be-
ing 2-1/4” and 3” Each size and the cut of the wood will give a different look to your floor, so your decision should be based on your desired outcome
and look you wish to achieve. Here is a comparison of the three main options when it comes to wood flooring:

Solid Wood is generally the most expensive option, however it is

worth the cost every time. Despite its name Solid wood flooring is not
a solid piece of timber. But rather Solid Hardwood Flooring: A solid
piece of hardwood, generally cut into 3/4” thick planks. Recommend-
ed for above ground to be installed over plywood, OSB or other
wood flooring; not recommended for concrete slabs. Solid Hardwood
flooring comes unfinished, which is then installed and finished on-site;
or prefinished, which is completely finished at the factory with several
coats of durable finish, before it’s ever delivered and then it is simply
nailed down.

Engineered Hardwood are several plies of wood that are glued

and laminated together to form a wood plank. It can range in thickness
from 1/4” to just over a half inch. As a less expensive option to solid
wood engineered can give you the same look and feel for literally a
fraction of the cost. Additionally there are many benefits to this prod-
uct, but possibly the most important is that it can be installed almost
anywhere in your home, including over concrete.

Thin Plank is the least expensive option when it comes to real wood
floor options. Unlike its counterpart solid wood, this product is exact-
ly what it sounds like. Thin planks of wood usually 1/4” -5/16” on the
surface that can be sanded and refinished before the tongue and fas-
teners become exposed and noticeable. This plank is attached to ply-
wood and can be installed with mechanical fasteners or adhesives. A
key benefit when adhesive is used is that the flooring can be installed
directly on top of concrete.
 Alternatives to Wood Flooring
Bamboo
Bamboo is one of the hardest natural materials available for flooring. It is also an excellent alter-
native to hard wood flooring. Bamboo has a higher fiber rating than any hard wood, making it an
exceptionally hard wearing alternative. Because bamboo is a rapid growing grass and not wood, it
can be harvested every 3-5 years, unlike 15-25 years for most wood. This makes bamboo a very envi-
ronmentally friendly product for flooring.
Natural bamboo flooring is available a variety of different styles, so it is easy to compliment any
interior design project.

Cork
Cork is a natural product that can add warmth to many interiors. Cork is also a natural sound and
thermal insulator. As a flooring option they are beautifully quiet and comfortable underfoot, warm
and pleasant to the touch. With the introduction of more advanced coating technologies cork
floorings is highly resistant and long-lasting protection even in high traffic environments. Cork
floors are not only durable but they require only minimal maintenance. Cork is the perfect envi-
ronmentally friendly, renewable and sustainable material. It is also available in a variety of different
styles including the marbled look below.

Coconut Palm
Coconut palm wood flooring is part of the palm family, which is one of the fastest growing species
on the planet. It can rejuvenate it’s self quickly and grow to full maturity in 5 to 6 years, which makes
it a truly sustainable resource. This flooring option utilizes the latest technology to convert it into
the unique looking flooring available. It presents as a subtle but unique grain pattern, with a natu-
ral light-tan color and a medium honey-brown color. It’s can be laid in vertical, horizontal or strand
configurations. Each option accentuates the different looks of the wood. This is not engineered
hardwood flooring but solid wood flooring
Wet Rot, Dry Rot and Woodworm While some types of timber are extremely durable, most of the timber used
today however is open to decay if left untreated. It can become affected by dry rot or wet rot and even woodworm if allowed to become damp,
causing structural problems. Rot can be very serious and if there is any suspect at the site a building specialist should be contacted first thing.

Wet Rot (A)

If wood gets wet and dries out often it can soften and rot. This is
known as “wet rot”. You can treat wet rot by:
Finding out where the water is coming from and stopping it;
Removing all rotted timber and replacing it with pressure-treated
wood or wood that has been painted with a preservative;
Treat any wood that is left with a wood preservative;
Watching for further signs and treat them as soon as possible; and
Keeping air bricks clear A B

Dry Rot (B)

A particular type of fungal mould causes dry rot. It will only grow
on damp wood that has poor air circulation around it. Dry rot can
grow far beyond the original source and even go through brick-
work. Most importantly it can seriously damaging the structure of
your house. You can treat dry rot by:
Checking for leaks and making sure that air bricks and vents are
not blocked;
Dealing with the damp and ventilation problems;
Removing all affected areas - this may also include plaster, brick-
work and mortar;
Sterilizing the whole area with dry-rot treatment; and
Replacing wood with pressure-treated timber
C

Woodworm (C) What to look for:

The damage from woodworm is caused by the larvae before the Floors sloping towards a wall.
insects mature into adults. Soft wood is the most likely to harbor Floors springy when walked on.
woodworm (e.g. pine,plywood). It is almost impossible to prevent Brittle, crumbly wood
woodworm getting into your home, so it is important to check A white or pale yellow fluffy growth like cotton wool.
regularly for signs of woodworm in furniture, roof timbers, floor- The smell of mould.
boards and skirtings. Treat affected areas as soon as noticed. Signs Small holes in skirting boards and furniture, especially soft
of woodworm include: Small bore holes in timber; and Fine dust wood(fe.g. pine), it may be woodworm.
around the site of the holes or beneath the timber.
This article was especially interest-
ing to read because it covers the dif-
ferent stone flooring options that are
available today. It discusses the pros
and cons of each type of flooring and
allows the reader to make the best
decision for their specific needs. This
would be a great resource for any-
one in the design field to aid clients
to make their best decision for their
flooring needs. Also another things I
really liked about the article was that
it provided an extensive directory to
make purchasing easy.
This article was most helpful in under-
standing the different carpet options
that are available these days. Addi-
tionally it provides a guide to finding
suppliers who can provide these many
options for you. I enjoyed learning
more about the flooring options that
are available to me. Especially be-
cause all too often carpet is ruled out
because of the allergy factor and the
option for alternatives such as wood
floors are being offered, however this
shows that there are several great op-
tions that take these concerns into
consideration and can provide a great
alternative to hardwood flooring.
 Flooring Suppliers Directory
Element 7
Unit 2, Parsons Green Depot
Parsons Green Lane
London SW6 4HH
Tel: 020 7736 2366

Factory Direct Flooring

Unit 21
Whitacre Road Ind Est
Warwickshire
CV11 6BY
Tel: 033 0100 0015

Country Flooring Ltd,

167 Springfield Road,
Essex,
CM2 6JP
Tel: 012 4525 0074

Staybull flooring is an American flooring company that has created and The Bamboo Flooring Company
made high-end recycled flooring. Made from reclaimed flooring strips 114 Kitchener Road
that would otherwise be burned or tossed into landfills, making it one of Leicester
the most eco-friendly flooring options available. It has been found that LE5 4AT
this recycled flooring can outlast and outperform bamboo, engineered, Tel: 084 5009 2222
and even solid plank hardwood flooring. Because of this longer life span
it is a better value and return on investment. It is also a truly eco-friendly The Floor Shop
product because it is made with no harmful glues or toxins. A finished Units C5D-C7D, North Way
green floor that looks dynamic, attractive, and can fit just about anyone’s Bounds Green Road
personal aesthetic makes this flooring one of the most sought after prod- London
ucts on the market these days. N11 2UL
Tel: 0208 368 4586
www.staybullflooring.com
This section is focused on fabric and textiles. I’ve included a
review of my visit to the Design Centre at Chelsea Har-
bour as well as providing the floor plans for Zimmer &
Rohde and Leievre, two of the showrooms I visited while
there. I also included a copy of the design centre floor
plan. Next up is information collected about fabric compo-
sition and the general criteria for nonresidential fabric
specifications. I’ve also included information about the dif-
ferent fabric weights and applications as well as a piece
about fireproofing and cigarrette testing. Lastly a list of
common fabric abbreviations along with a fabric sup-
plier directory.
After my trip to The Design Centre at Chelsea Harbour I think that DCCH is overrated. I felt like when I walked into each shop that I was not wel-
come. I was never greeted by the staff and when I asked questions I was often met with blank stares. I feel like while it might be a place to go and
see the latest in overpriced, high end fabrics and furnishings, as a whole I don’t think that I would feel comfortable sourcing materials from the
DCCH. So much so that I chose not to get any samples while I was there. I ended up going to smaller shops to source my fabrics. I think that it’s
more important to provide clients with reasonably priced options rather than look at blowing the entire budget on expensive European fabrics
etc. Of course there are always the exceptions to the client with a realistic budget and if the situation called for it and the client requested it I
would use a place such as DCCH. But again in my personal opinion, it is too pretentious for my taste and I would prefer to support smaller business
who can offer better customer service and provide the same or similar selection. I have included a directory of shops that provide the same fabric
lines as DCCH and also provide much better customer service. Additionally they have lower prices than any of the showrooms at DCCH.

Zimmer + Rohde Store Layout Leievre Store Layout

North Dome Ground Floor Centre Dome 1st Floor
Fabric Composition
Acetate cellulose fibre with wood pulp as the chief
raw material. The fabrics are heat-sensitive, absorbent,
weaker when wet and may shrink. On its own, acetate
is not very hard-wearing but it provides good draping
qualities and is used in making satins and brocades. It
can be given flame-resistant treatment.
Acrylics: Basic substances include one of more of oil,
coal, petroleum, natural gas, water, limestone. Acrylic
fabrics have the softness and warmth of wool but little
stretch, so they retain their shape. They are hard-wear-
ing and mothproof, but sensitive to heat.
Cotton: A vegetable fibre from the cotton plant. Cot-
ton fabric is strong and durable, even stronger when
wet. Weight and texture can be varied to create light
voile or corduroy, chintz or cotton satin. Glazing may
be added to enhance the appearance and resist sur-
face soiling. The fibres take dye well and good quality
cotton fabrics should be colour-fast; they may be given
various finishes, minimum iron, crease, stain or shrink
resistant.
Linen: The vegetable fibre of the flax plant. Linen fab-
ric is strong, hard-wearing and stronger when wet, but
subject to mildew if kept in damp conditions. Crease-
resistant finishes are now generally added to overcome
a strong tendency to crease easily.
Modal: Cellulose fibre made from cotton waste or
wood, used in mixtures and blends to modify the prop-
erties of natural and synthetic fibres.
Nylon: Fibre synthesized from petroleum, used in a range
of fabric types. Nylon fabrics are crease-resistant and
strong, of low absorbency, heat-sensitive and liable to fade
or discolour in sunlight. A number of useful fabrics are de-
rived from fibre-mixes containing nylon.
Polyester: Made by chemical processing of petroleum de-
rivatives. Polyester fabric will not stretch, has low absorben-
cy and is quick-drying. These and its considerable strength,
are the qualities which make polyester ideal for sheeting
and other lightweight print or plain fabrics for furnishings.
Rayon: The first man made cellulose fibres were given this
name, which is now less commonly used, as it is usual to
specify different fibre percentage in fabric under particular
names, for example, modal, acetate or viscose.
Silk: Animal fibres from the cocoons of silkworm larvae. Silk
fabrics are strong, resilient and resistant to creasing, but
can be weakened by sunlight. Their luster is unsurpassed
and shows subtle or vibrant colours clearly and well. Col-
ours may not be fast and dry-cleaning is often specified.
Wool: Animal fibre from the coats of sheep or goats. Wool
fabric is a good insulator and absorbent, but may shrink
and is susceptible to attack by moths. To reduce these ten-
dencies it may be preshrunk or treated for shrink-resistance,
and can also be made mothproof and stain-resistant.
Criteria for Nonresidential Fabric Specifications Fabric Weight and Applications
Durability or the ability for the fabric to exist for a long time without sig- sheer, thin, very light weight fabrics
nificant deterioration. This includes -bed curtains, window curtains, sheer curtains and drapes, window
-Resistance to abrasion, the ability to withstand friction and rubbing or semi sheer casement
grinding.
-colorfastness, the resistance to fading from sun and cleaning lightweight fabrics
-Strength the physical strength of the fibers, this is based on the -accessory items and trimmings, casements, curtains, draperies,
way the yarns are spun, the closeness of the weave and the shades, top treatments, kitchen linens, lamp shades, supported
thickness of the fabric. bedspreads

Resilience or the fabrics ability to return to it’s original shape after stretch- medium weight fabrics
ing. Resilience is the result of the two qualities flexibility and strength -bedspreads, bath linens, slipcovers, supported upholstery, wall
and partition upholstery, window treatments
Resistance to Insects and Microorganisms is also necessary. This pre-
vents the fabric from disintegration. This is specifically important in hospi-
heavyweight fabrics
-bedspreads, floor clothes, wall upholstery, wall hanging and tapes-
tals and institutions.
tries, upholstery
Flammability Resistance any fabrics in non residential must meet very
strict fire codes and regulations. Fabrics are all tested for flammability, Fireproofing fabric.
smoke density, and toxicity
All fabrics burn, some however are more combustible than
others. Silk is usually among the highest when it comes to
Flame-retardant Finishes or chemical applications that are applied to all
burning, followed by cotton and linen. Wool burns much
nonresidential fabrics as a way of enhancing its ability to withstand or resist
slower and is also more difficult to ignite. Most commercial
combustion. Most flame retardants provide one of the following degrees
fabrics come pretreated with fireproofing. When it comes
of durability;
to residential fabrics depending on the fabric in question it
-nondurable: a water-soluble compound that is removed with wet cleaning
seems like the most reasonable and affordable option when
and requires reapplication
it comes to fireproofing fabrics would be to purchase a fire
-semi durable: a compound that will resist wet-cleaning but not dry-clean-
retardant spray there are a variety of them on the market and
ing solutions
again depending on the fabric there is one that is right for it.
-durable: treatments that will withstand repeated dry cleaning and are per-
In addition to fireproofing there is also cigarette and match
manent, lasting the lifetime of the fabric.
tests. Depending on the type of fabric you have selected,
most manufacturers are required to submit their fabrics to
this type of testing in a regular basis.
 Fabric Abbreviations Fabric Supplier Directory

Alexander Furnishings John Lewis Plc

AC Acetate VI Viscose
51 Wigmore Street Oxford Street
AF Other Fibers VY Vinyl
London London
CA Acetate WA Angora
W1U 1PU W1A 1EX
CLY Lyocell WB Beaver
Tel: 0207 935 2624 Tel: 0207 629 7711
CMD Modal WG Vicuna
CO Cotton WK Camel Hair
D Scotcher Upholstery Liberty’s
CTA Triacetate WL Llama
285 Upper Street Regent Street
CU Cupro WM Mohair
Islington London
CUP Cupro WO Wool
London W1R 6AH
CV Viscose WP Alpaca
N1 2TX Tel: 0207 734 1234
EA Elastane WS Cashmere
Tel: 0207 354 4111
EL Elastane WV Virgin Wool
Peter Jones Ltd
HA Hemp WY Yak
E & A Wates Ltd Sloane Square
HL Cotton/Linen
82 - 84 Mitcham Lane London
JU Jute
Stretham London SW1 8EL
LI Flax/Linen
SW16 6NR Tel: 0207 730 3434
MA Modacrylic
Tel: 0208 769 2205
MAC Modacrylic
Percy Bass Ltd
ME Metal
Harrods 184 Walton Street
MO Modal
Knightsbridge London
PA Nylon
London SW3 2JL
PAN Acrylic
SW1X 7XL Tel: 0207 589 4853
PC Acrylic
Tel: 0207 730 1234
PES Polyester
Revamp Interiors
PL Polyester
Interiors of Chiswick Unit 1 Nettlefold Place
PM Metallicized Polyester
454 - 458 Chiswick High Road West Norwood
PU Polyurethaneelastomere
London London
RA Ramie
W4 5TT SE27 0JW
SE Silk
Tel: 0208 994 0073 Tel: 0208 670 0970
SI Sisal
TA Triacetate
TR Textile Residues/Unspecified Composition
Within this section you’ll find my review of my visit to
C.P.Hart. I’ve also included a supplemental article about se-
lecting waterproof flooring, which I found to be very in-
formative and useful. Next I provided the specification de-
tails and comparisons for four bathtubs from C.P. Hart.
I also included the specification details and compari-
sons for four basins as well as the specification details
and comparisons for four faucets all from C.P.Hart. Lastly
I provided a supplier directory, which provided a variety of
price range options.
C.P. Hart
Flagship Bathroom Showroom
Tel: 020 7902 5250

Newnham Terrace
Hercules Road
London
SE1 7DR

While my first visit to the showroom was a quick one, it was

still easy to see that it’s the type of place I’d like to spend a
lot of time. They have managed to create a tranquil spa like
atmosphere. They have helpful sales consultants who can
provide basic planning advice. However an appointment is
recommended so that you can assure you get the time and
attention needed to view the entire showroom. I enjoyed the
fact that they had the products set up in their different design
families. It was easy to see what the different products would
look like in a real bathroom as there was a series of vignettes
placed around the showroom. Each bathroom vignette was
set up in a way to provide a real life view of the bathrooms
and included product information. At times they also includ-
ed information about complimentary products for each room
too. I also liked the fact that they showed a range of differ-
ent product price ranges. While the products that they have
in general are anything but basic, they show a nice range of
the different price points, so that it seems as if there could be
something for everybody. They also offer more comprehen-
sive design services with one of their trained design team
professionals. It’s also important to know that while C.P. Hart
does not participate with the installation of their bathrooms,
they are pleased to make recommendations and pass along
the contact details for experienced suppliers who are familiar
with the CP Hart products and the installation needs.
The following article discusses
flooring options in the realm of
waterproof flooring for bath-
rooms, laundry rooms and the
like. It is colorful and provides
a great variety to learn about.
It provides all the informa-
tion needed to make decisions
about selecting flooring for the
bathroom or anywhere else you
would want to have a water-
proof flooring options. It was
also helpful because it provided
a comprehensive directory of
suppliers and where to find the
items you are looking for..
 BOXART TRAVERTINE
Technical details
Model: ztr7601000 rounded bath
Variants: 2000l x 1000w
Material: Stone
Finish: Stone
Care & maintenance: Clean occasionally with a soft cloth
and warm soapy water. Do not use abrasive liquids pow-
ders or scouring pads to clean the spout.
Price Band: 4
Pro: I like this tub because it is interesting and made from a
material that is not typical for bath tubs.
Con: This is not something that will stand the test of time
style wise. Additionally it is not that deep.
USTOGETHER
Technical details
Model: zlinbtfmld freestanding with lines
Variants: 800w x 2750d x 560h / 800w x 2750d x 560h
with integrated filler
Material: Stone
Finish: White
Care & maintenance: Non-abrasive cleaners should
be used. It should be dried to prevent scale build up.
Any small scratches in an acrylic bath can be polished
out using a polish called ‘T cut’.
Price Band: Not available
Pro: Having seen this in person I think that this is a
beautiful bath. I also enjoy the lines on the sides.
Cons: The bath doesn’t look like it would be very
comfortable for long baths, which is one of the plus-
es of having a bath. Also while the lines are beautiful,
they would take a bit of maintenance and cleaning
 BOXART VITRU LINCOLN

Technical details
Model: zvir771602
Variants: 1700w x 900d x 540h
Material: Wood
Finish: Canadian cedar / Teak
Care & maintenance: Remove stubborn stains or
marks on the bath with the use of any basic house-
hold polishes & a duster.
Price Band: 4
Pro: I think this bath is sleep and beautiful. I also
like that it’s made from a material that is traditional
for baths.
Con: The bath seems like it might be difficult to get
in and out of, but that could easily be resolved with
steps or rails.
Technical details
Model: zlinfb1780ww
Variants: 1780w x 800d x 675h No tap hole / 1780w x 800d
x 675h 2 tap holes
Material: Cast Iron
Finish: White
Care & maintenance: Non-abrasive cleaners should be used.
It should be dried to prevent scale build up. When painting
the outside it should be primed with a metal primer and
painted with an oil based paint such as a eggshell finish
Price Band: 1
Pro: not only is this my favorite bath, but it’s also the most
cost effective. It can come in many colors and be custom-
ized to your needs.
Cons: Because it is can be a heavy bath, you might be lim-
ited as to location.
 MUSE
Technical details
Model: mus100musww basin
Variants: 1000w x 500d x 140h / 800w x 470d x 140h
Material: Ceramic
Finish: White / Black
Care & maintenance: Non-abrasive bathroom cleaners
that are suitable for use on ceramic surfaces may be used.
Once cleaned the surface should be rinsed then dried to
prevent water staining.
Price Band: 4
Pro: I love the sleek look of this basin. It also reminds me
of some of the vintage reproduction sinks I’ve seen before.
Con: It might be too shallow to use for anything more
than just hand washing. It can be nice to have a multipur-
pose basin.
TOTO NEOREST SERIES/LE
Technical details
Model: xsneorestleb basin & mixer with led lights
Variants: 750w x 450d x 50h
Material: LUMINIST
Finish: White
Care & maintenance: Clean with a damp cloth and a
PH neutral cleaner, no abrasive cleaners should be
used.
Price Band: Please call 0845 600 1950
Pro: Having tested this basin in the store I can say
that this is an interesing sink. It is fun to turn the
nob to get the temperature change etc.
Con: The practical side of having a basin like this
is that in addition to the up front cost any kind of
repairs could be quite costly.
 DURAVIT VERO
Technical details
Model: ve453.60ww basin with backsplash
Variants: 600w x 470d x 330h - 3 tap hole
Material: Ceramic
Finish: White
Care & maintenance: Non-abrasive bathroom
cleaners that are suitable for use on ceramic surfac-
es may be used. Once cleaned the surface should
be rinsed then dried to prevent water staining.
Price Band: 2
Pro: I love the look of this basin. It reminds me of
my childhood and I would love to have something
like this in my home. I like the depth of the basin
and the straight edges too
Con: It seems like the sink would be best as a wall
mount which might limit the placement of the ba-
sin
DURAVIT VERO
Technical details
Model: ve454.100ww grinded washbasin
Variants: 1000w x 470d x 175h No tap hole / 2 tap hole / 1
tap hole
Material: Ceramic
Finish: White
Care & maintenance: Non-abrasive bathroom cleaners that
are suitable for use on ceramic surfaces may be used. Once
cleaned the surface should be rinsed then dried to prevent
water staining.
Price Band: 2
Pro:This basin is very similar to the previous one, however
I like that this basin is a bit wider and allows for a double
faucet.
Con: While it does allow for a double faucet head, they are
placed very close together and it would be difficult for two
people to use this at the same time.
 LEONARDO
Technical details
Model: nsleba3cp 3 piece basin mixer
Variants: 420w x 140h
Material: Brass
Finishes: Chrome / Inca Gold / Nickel
Care & maintenance: Clean with liquid detergent rinse and
dry then buff with a soft lint free cloth. No abrasive clean-
ers should be used. Vinegar or limejuice can be used to
remove stubborn limescale deposits.
Price Band: 1
Pro: The retro look and price are what drew my attention
to this faucet set. I like that it’s simple and doesn’t require
a manual to operate.
Con: Because it is ‘basic’ looking it seems like it would only
be a fit for lower end bathrooms.
AXOR MASSAUD
Technical details
Model: zmas3bmcp 3-piece basin mixer
Variants: 262w x 142d x 86h
Material: Brass
Finish: Chrome
Care & maintenance: Clean with liquid detergent
rinse and dry then buff with a soft lint free cloth.
No abrasive cleaners should be used. Vinegar or
limejuice can be used to remove stubborn limescale
deposits.
Price Band: 4
Pro: The slim profile of this faucet set grabbed my
attention while in the showroom. It is interesting to
look at and use.
Con: Because of the finish it might create long term
cleaning and discoloration issues.
 MALLARD
Technical details
Model: nsmdba1cp mono basin mixer
Variants: 560w x 210d
Material: Brass
Finishes: Chrome / Inca Gold / Nickel
Care & maintenance: Clean with liquid detergent,
rinse and dry, then buff with a soft lint free cloth.
No abrasive cleaners should be used. Vinegar or
limejuice can be used to remove stubborn lime-
scale deposits.
Price Band: 2
Pro: I like the reproduction look of this faucet set
very much. I like that it looks like piping and it
would be a fun touch to a vintage bathroom.
Con: The turn handles look a bit long and thin
which could cause gripping problems
FLAT
Technical details
Model: flft34bcp wall mounted 3 piece basin mixer
Variants: 260w x 175d x 60h
Material: Brass
Finish: Chrome
Care & maintenance: Clean with liquid detergent rinse and
dry then buff with a soft lint free cloth. No abrasive clean-
ers should be used. Vinegar or limejuice can be used to re-
move stubborn limescale deposits.
Price Band: 2
Pro: I like the sleek look of this wall mounted faucet. It
seems very straight forward and it would eb easy to use.
Con:Because of the material (brass) it might create long
term cleaning issues.
 Sanitary Wear Supplier Directory
Aston and Matthews Ideal Standard
astonmatthews.co.uk ideal-standard.co.uk
Tel: 020 7226 7220 Tel: 01482 346461
N1 2SN HU5 4HS

Armitage Shanks LittleJohn Bathrooms

armitage-shanks.co.uk littlejohn.co.uk
Tel: 015 4349 0253 Tel: 017 3023 1050
WS15 4BT GU32 3AN

B&Q
diy.com RAK Ceramics
Tel: 084 5609 6688 rakceramics.co.uk
Tel: 017 3023 7850
The Bathroom Trading Co. GU32 3AW
bathroomtrading.com
Tel: 020 7736 4243 Sottini
TW9 4NY sottini.co.uk
Tel: 014 8244 9513
Boundry Bathrooms HU5 4HS
boundrybathrooms.co.uk
Tel: 012 8286 2509 Waterforce
BB8 8LD waterforce.com
Tel: 020 8568 7672
Czech & Speake TW8 9LZ
czechspeake.com
Tel: 020 7439 0216 Wickes
EN5 5UJ wickes.co.uk
Tel: 084 4892 2701
Dolphin
dolphinbathrooms.co.uk
Tel: 0800 626 717
M16 9HQ
For the final project we were asked to create a curtain design
in two different spaces for a client. The home is located within
the Hampstead Garden Suburb and is on 5 Edmunds
Walk. I’ve included pictures showing the pros and cons
of each space as well as a moodboard which reflects the
feeling I’d like to create in each space. I’ve also included an
elevation of the wall where the curtain design will go as
well as a colored sketch of the curtain design. For each
space I’ve included a sample board with streamlined speci-
fication information as well as a detailed specification
spreadsheet for both rooms. I included sample renders
with a few of the elements in the rooms. I’ve also provided a
sample letter for the fabric supplier and finally I includ-
ed a sample letter for the drapery maker as well as a
sample letter for a fabric order.
The Hampstead Garden Suburb
The Hampstead Garden Suburb was developed under the watchful eye of a cosmetics heiress turned social worker, Dame Hen-
rietta Barnett, and an engineer turned architect planner, Sir Raymond Unwin. The suburb was first developed in 1907. The
first ideas were due to the projected building of the Hampstead Tub Station. She was concerned that with the building of the
station would also mean the “ruin of the sylvan restfulness of that portion of the most beautiful open space near London”. So
she set about saving the 80 acres of land from what she called “rows of ugly villas such as disfigure Willesden and most of the
suburbs of London”. Eventually the plan for the Garden Suburb was further developed. However it was never meant to be
the run of the mill land-owning situation but rather a social experiment by providing for people of all classes a beautiful and
healthy place to live in. Here are a few of the guidelines used for the creation of the development.

~that persons of all classes of society and standards of income should be accommodated and that the handicapped be welcomed;
~that the cottages and houses should be limited on an average to eight to an acre;
~that the roads should be 40 feet wide, and that the fronts of the houses should be at least 50 feet apart, gardens occupying the
intervening space;
~that the plot divisions should not be walls but hedges or trellis or wire fences;
~that every road should be lined with trees, making when possible, a colour scheme with the hedges;
~that noise should be avoided, even to the prohibition of Church or Chapel or Institute bells;
~that the houses be so planned that none should spoil each other’s outlook or rob its neighbour of beauty.
 5 Edmunds Walk
Barnet, N2 0HU

The house 5 Edmunds Walk is located in a south-east facing area in

which perfectly pruned trees, hedges and gardens are a plenty and seem
to surround the homes on all sides, creating an overall impression of an
idyllic, residential area. The‘Old English’ style house makes a unique
addition to The Hampstead Garden Suburb.

The Stakol’s are a established couple with two adult married daughters
and a grandchild soon to come. They enjoy entertaining, travel and
gardening and would like to update two of the upstairs rooms to pro-
vide an area for a home office/ TV lounge and would also like to create
a proper guest bedroom.
- extra pieces of furniture

- misplaced lighting fixture

- extra pieces of furniture

- desk no longer used

- built in cupboards

+ the beautiful view of the garden

+ fireplace

The north facing room is currently being used as a

guest bedroom. But the client would like to create
a home office space and TV lounge area for enter-
- temperature
+ room is large for entertaining taining. Overall the room is an ideal space for this
project. It is the largest upstairs too and the size
of the room allows for plenty of space for several
adults as well as a small space for the clients home
office needs.
 Relaxing Inviting
Entertainment

Study/ TV Lounge
5 Edmunds Walk

I was inspired by the overall feel of the

house. This is a comfortable home and the
updated space should feel the same way.
Some of the rooms original gems include
the timber used on the window and the fire-
place and I would like to draw upon those
elements. By transforming the existing desk
space into a home office area it will open the
room for enough space to comfortably seat
several adults.
+ high ceilings

- temperature

+beautiful view

+ easy access to stairs and bathroom

+ lighting placement ideal for

bedroom

- built in cupboard no
longer in use

The north facing room is currently being used as a

guest bed room. The client would like to create a
hotel like guest bedroom. The room is to be used
mainly by visiting family guests. Overall the room
is an ideal space for this project and it would be
easy to create a place for relaxation and rest for
guests in this space.
 Vintage
Comfort Hotel

Guest Bedroom
5 Edmunds Walk

I was inspired by the idea of creating vintage hotel experi-

ence. This can be done easily with the use of fabrics and
fixtures. I’d like to create a space that can become a place
for house guests to relax and enjoy all the comforts of
home while they are away from home.
5 Edmunds Walk
Study Elevation
Curtain Sketch

GP&J Baker Holcott Coll.

Cream/Multi
88% Linen
12% Rayon

137 cm wide
Vertical Repeat 65cm
Fire Code:BM

Green Cotton Voile Muslin

CONS: 80's x 80's / 90 x 88
WEIGHT:55GSM
WIDTH: 53/4"
Shrinkage : W/in 3%

Alexander Furnishings
51 Wigmore Street
London
W1U 1PU
Tel: 0207 935 2624
 5 Edmunds Walk
Guestroom Elevation
Curtain Sketch

Socras Fabric, Sulphur

140 cm wide
pattern repeat 12.75 cm
39%polyester
28% viscose
19%cotton
14%linen
back coating with flame retardant
John Lewis Plc
Oxford Street
London
W1A 1EX
Tel: 0207 629 7711
 G

F
A

H
D
B C
A. LG Infinia 50PJ650 Plasma HD John Lewis £599.95

B. Curtain Rings, Ash Walnut John Lewis £8

C. Plain Ball Finial John Lewis £9

D. Ash Walnut Wood Curtain Pole John Lewis £23

E. Soumac Delft rug, Cream John Lewis £1117.00

F. Lay-Z-Boy Collins Sectional Sofa Lay-Z-Boy £1200 I

G. GP&J Baker Holcott Coll. Cream/Multi
Alexander Furnishings £37.99/m

H. Incarnadine estate eggshell paint Farrow and Ball

£42.50

I. Green Cotton Voile Muslin

Alexander Furnishings £9.00/ m

J. Savage Ground Estate Eggshell Paint Farrow and Ball

£69.00
E
J
 D E F

A. Lady Chair Fauteuil/armchair Grange £589 J

B. Kentau Rug OKA £235.00

C. Louis-philippe wardrobe Grange £unknown

D. Curtain Rings, Ash Walnut John Lewis £8

E. Plain Ball John Lewis £9

F. Ash Walnut Wood Curtain Pole John Lewis £23.00

G. Carved lemon lamp OKA £170.00

K
H. Tempur Holme Headboard, Double John Lewis £250

I. Radnor Bedside Table Bay OKA £215.00

J. Silk Doupion Gold John Lewis £22

K. Socras Fabric, Sulphur John Lewis £18 I

L. Charleston Gray Estate Eggshell Paint Farrow and Ball £42.50

C
L
Bedside WK 131 Radnor Bedside Table Bay OKA £215.00 1 £215.00
Table Collection
40cmSqx65cmH

Wardrobe FR003 Louis-philippe Grange Unknown 1 Unknown

1-door linen cupboard
with mirror and 2
drawers

Cherrywood

Length
96 cm
Height
197 cm
Depth 66
cm

Bedside LA55964 Carved lemon lamp OKA £170.00 1 £170.00

Lamps 61cm
Set of 2

Arm chair LLA01 Lady Chair Fauteuil/armchair Grange £589 1 £589

l/w70-H93- P/D 86 cm
 Alexander Furnishings Alexander Furnishings
51 Wigmore Street 51 Wigmore Street
London London
W1U 1PU W1U 1PU

November 2010 November 2010

Specification for drapes Fabric Order

5 Edmunds Walk 5 Edmunds Walk
Barnet, N2 0HU Barnet, N2 0HU

Study Study
To cut and make 1 pair of lined drapes 5 Meters
2 widths per curtain GP&J Baker Holcott Collection BF 10419 -1 Cream/Multi
Wellington Flat Panels 137cm width/Vertical Repeat 65cm
88% Linen
To supply GP&J Baker BF 10419 -1 HOLCOTT Cream/Multi 137cm width 12% Rayon
To supply cream colored cotton lining
3.5 Meters
To cut and make 1 Roman Shade blackout lined Green Cotton Voile Muslin 242-12
cassment mounted with Silent Gliss track system 137cm width
100% Cotton
To supply thermal blackout lining
To supply green cotton voile muslin
To supply silent gliss track system
Please confirm that the fabric will be available for cutting no later than 4/01/11.

Thank you
All Poles and Rings provided by homeowner and will be cut to your specifications
All drapes to be hung with 8 cm dress

Marcelina Moreno
Thank you

Marcelina Moreno

110 Marylebone High Street, London W1U 4RY 777 902 9647 110 Marylebone High Street, London W1U 4RY 777 902 9647
This section includes the references that I used in order to
create this document.
References
Visit to the building centre: info and some photos taken
from the brochures available at the centre and from the
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Additional photos from person collection
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Woods and Bagot: info and images retrieved from the web-
site www.woodsbagot.com
RIBA Information and images retrieved from the website
http://www.architecture.com/
Geothermal Heating systems: info and image retrieved
from www.drenergysaver.com/renewable-energy/geother-
mal-heat.html
Solar Panels: info and image retrieve from
www.careyglasssolar.com/images/bg_whatisst.png
Underfloor Heating: info and images retrieved from
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Skirting Heating: info and images retrieved from
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Natural Ventilation: info retrieved from
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www.theunderfloorheatingstore.com/insulations
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A Brief History of England’s Windows:
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Hall, Linda (2005 ). Period House Fixtures and Fittings 1300-
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Hall, Linda (1994). Fixtures and Fittings in Dated Houses, 1567-
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Double Glazing: info retrieved from
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www.cus.net/double glazing/consumer-guide-to-double-
glazing.html
www.sehbac.com/blog/tag/facts-and-fibs/
images from personal collection
Leighton House Visit: info and images retrieved from
www.rbkc.gov.uk/subsites/museums/leightonhousemuseum.
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Wilhide, Elizabeth (2009). The Interior Design Directory. Quadrille
Nonresidential Fabric Specifications:
Nielson, Karla (2005). Interiors: an introduction. McGraw-Hill Pub-
Publishing
lishers
Nielson, Karla (2005). Interiors: an introduction. McGraw-Hill Publish-
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Nielson, Karla (2005). Interiors: an introduction. McGraw-Hill Pub-
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Hardwoods: info and images
Wilhide, Elizabeth (2009). The Interior Design Directory. Quadrille Textile Abbreviations: info retrieved from
Publishing http://fabricstockexchange.com/blog/resources/textile-abbrevia-
tions/
Softwoods: info and images from
Wilhide, Elizabeth (2009). The Interior Design Directory. Quadrille Bath Comparison: images and specifications retrieved from
Publishing http://www.cphart.co.uk/

Engineered Woods: info and images from

Wilhide, Elizabeth (2009). The Interior Design Directory. Quadrille
Publishing

Alternatives to Wood: info and images

Wilhide, Elizabeth (2009). The Interior Design Directory. Quadrille
Publishing

Design Centre at Chelsea Harbour: floor plan retrieved from www.

dcch.co.uk/index.php?page=floorplan

Fabric Composition:
Wilhide, Elizabeth (2009). The Interior Design Directory. Quadrille
Publishing

Nielson, Karla (2005). Interiors: an introduction. McGraw-Hill Publish-

ers