LOGIC

GATES
 INTRODUCTION

Logic Gates:
A gate is a digital circuit that follows curtain logical
relationship between the input and output voltages. Therefore,
they are generally known as logic gates – Gates because they
control the flow of information. The five common logic gates
used are NOT, AND, OR NAND, NOR. Each logic gates is
indicated by a symbol and its function is defined by a truth
table that shows all the possible input logic level
combinations with their respective output logic levels.
Truth table help understand the behavior of logic gates.
 (l) NOT GATE
This is the most basic gate, with one input and one output.
Produces a ‘1’ output if the input is ‘0’ and vice-versa. That
is, it produces an inverted version of the input as its output.

A B
0 1
1 0

(II) OR GATE
An OR gate has two or more inputs with one output. The
output is Y is 1 when either input A or input B or both sides
are 1s, that is, if any of the input is high, the output is high.

A B Y=A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
 (III) AND GATE
An AND gate has two or more inputs and one output. The
output Y of AND gate is 1, only when input A and input B are
both 1. It kind of looks for the minimum of the two signals.

A B Y=A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
SOME BASIC LOGIC GATES AND THEIR
TRUTH TABLES
Name Graphic Symbol Algebraic Truth Table
Function
A B Y
Y = A.B 0 0 0
AND OR 0 1 0
Y = AB 1 0 0
1 1 1

A B Y
0 0 0
OR Y = A+B 0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

Y=A A B
NOT OR 0 1
Y = A’ 1 0

A B Y
0 0 1
NAND F = (AB) 0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
A B Y
0 0 1
NOR F = (A+B) 0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

1. AND GATE

2. OR GATE
3. NOT GATE

4. NAND GATE
5. NOR GATE
 THEORY

The three basic logic gates and their combinations are the
building blocks of digital circuit.
1. OR Gate

A
A+B
B
The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output
(1) if one or more of its inputs are high. A plus (+) is used to
show the OR operation.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 2. AND Gate

A
A.B
B
The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives high output
only if all inputs are high.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 3. NOT Gate

A A’

The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an

inverted version of the input at its output. It is also known as
an inverter.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 4. NAND Gate

A
A.B (A.B)’
B

The logic gate in which the output of the AND gate is given to
the input of NOT gate is called NAND gate.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 5. NOR Gate

A
A+B (A+B)’
B

The logic gate in which the output of the OR gate is given to

the input of the NOT gate is called NOR gate.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 CONCLUSION

Logic gates are used to develop many IC circuits or

microchips in today’s modern world.
NAND gate and NOR gates are known as universal gates
because we can construct all the three basic gates using
NAND and NOR gates.
Without logic gates, electronic world would be nearly
incomplete.