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COVID-19
Descripción breve
El coronavirus (covid-19) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el
virus SARS-COV-2
Este trabajo académico tiene como fin, propagar conocimientos acerca
de esta pandemia para así poder prevenirla adecuadamente y afrontar
esta crisis todos juntos como país.
Alumno
Alejandro Arvelaez. 5To “B”
COVID-19
COVID-19 ( ACRÓNIMO DEL INGLÉS CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019), TAMBIÉN CONOCIDA COMO
ENFERMEDAD POR CORONAVIRUS 3 O , INCORRECTAMENTE , COMO NEUMONÍA POR CORONAVIRUS , ES
UNA ENFERMEDAD INFECCIOSA CAUSADA POR EL VIRUS SARS-CO V-2. SE DETECTÓ POR PRIMERA VEZ
EN LA CIUDAD CHINA DE WUHAN ( PROVINCIA DE H UBEI ) EN DICIEMBRE DE 2019 H ABIENDO LLEGADO A
MÁS DE 100 TERRITORIOS , EL 11 DE MARZO DE 2020 LA O RGANIZACIÓN M UNDIAL DE LA S ALUD LA
DECLARÓ PANDEMIA .
PRODUCE SÍNTOMAS SIMILARES A LOS DE LA GRIPE , ENTRE LOS QUE SE INCLUYEN FIEBRE, TOS SECA,
DISNEA , MIALGIA Y FATIGA . E N CASOS GRAVES SE CARACTERIZA POR PRODUCIR NEUMONÍA , SÍNDROME
DE DIFICULTAD RESPIRATORIA AGUDA , SEPSIS Y CHOQUE SÉPTICO QUE CONDUCE A ALREDEDOR DEL 3 %
DE LOS INFECTADOS A LA MUERTE . N O EXISTE TRATAMIENTO ESPECÍFICO ; LAS MEDIDAS TERAPÉUTICAS
PRINCIPALES CONSISTEN EN ALIVIAR LOS SÍNTOMAS Y MANTENER LAS FUNCIONES VITALES .
HAY DOS ESTRATEGIAS BÁSICAS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA EL CONTROL DE UNA EPIDEMIA :
CONTENCIÓN Y MITIGACIÓN . LAS MEDIDAS DE CONTENCIÓN TIENEN COMO OBJETIVO CONTROLAR EL
CONTAGIO DE LA ENFERMEDAD , CONFINARLA EN EL ÁREA DEL BROTE Y EVITAR QUE SE PROPAGUE A
GRAN ESCALA . C UANDO LA TRANSMISIÓN SE HA EXTENDIDO , SE IMPLEMENTAN MEDIDAS PARA MITIGAR
SU IMPACTO : REDUCIR LA MORTALIDAD POR LA ENFERMEDAD , GARANTIZAR EL ACCESO A SERVICIOS
MÉDICOS PARA LOS AFECTADOS Y REDUCIR LOS EFECTOS SOBRE LA ECONOMÍA Y SOCIEDAD .
ESTAS SON ALGUNAS DE LAS MEDIDAS ADOPTADAS POR LOS GOBIERNOS PARA CONTENER Y MITIGAR LA
COVID-19, ACCIONES QUE SE REPITEN EN DIFERENTES PAÍSES:
A LGUNOS PAÍSES CERRARON LAS FRONTERAS PARA FRENAR LA EXPANSIÓN DEL NUEVO CORONAVIRUS EN
SUS TERRITORIOS . E L PRIMER MINISTRO RUSO M IJAÍL M ISHUSTIN DECRETÓ EL CIERRE DE LAS FRONTERAS
CON C HINA EL 30 DE ENERO DE 2020. E N MARZO , ESLOVENIA ANUNCIÓ EL CIERRE TOTAL DE SU
FRONTERA TERRESTRE CON I TALIA , MIENTRAS QUE A USTRIA INTRODUJO CONTROLES FRONTERIZOS Y
NIEGA LA ENTRADA A LAS PERSONAS PROVENIENTES DEL PAÍS MEDITERRÁNEO .
LA UNESCO DIJO QUE , HASTA EL 4 DE MARZO , 22 PAÍSES DE TRES CONTINENTES HABÍAN ANUNCIADO EL
CIERRE DE LAS ESCUELAS COMO UNA MEDIDA PARA CONTENER LA PROPAGACIÓN DE LA COVID-19.
TRECE PAÍSES HAN IMPLEMENTADO LA MEDIDA EN TODO SU TERRITORIO , AFECTANDO A 290,5
MILLONES DE NIÑOS Y JÓVENES DE PREPRIMARIA A SECUNDARIA SUPERIOR . “O TROS NUEVE PAÍSES HAN
INSTRUMENTADO CIERRES ESCOLARES LOCALIZADOS PARA PREVENIR O CONTENER LA C OVID -19. S I
ESTOS TAMBIÉN ORDENARAN EL CIERRE DE ESCUELAS EN TODO SU TERRITORIO , 180 MILLONES DE NIÑOS
Y JÓVENES MÁS NO ASISTIRÍAN A LA ESCUELA ”, CONCLUYÓ LA U NESCO . R ECIENTEMENTE , FRANCIA
ORDENÓ EL CIERRE DE ESCUELAS Y UNIVERSIDADES EN TODO EL PAÍS A PARTIR DEL LUNES 16 DE MARZO .
HASTA HACE TRES SEMANAS, C HINA HABÍA SIDO EL ÚNICO PAÍS EN IMPLEMENTAR ESTA MEDIDA .
ORDENÓ QUE LOS ESTUDIANTES TOMARAN CLASES VIRTUALES . EN ESTADOS UNIDOS, ALGUNAS
ESCUELAS Y UNIVERSIDADES HAN CERRADO . L A U NIVERSIDAD DE H ARVARD ORDENÓ A LOS ESTUDIANTES
ABANDONAR EL CAMPUS EN CUESTIÓN DE DÍAS .
3. CUARENTENAS
EL CENTER FOR DISEASE AND PREVENTION (CDC), DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SALUD DE ESTADOS UNIDOS,
EXPLICA QUE LA CUARENTENA “ SEPARA Y RESTRINGE EL MOVIMIENTO DE LAS PERSONAS QUE
ESTUVIERON EXPUESTAS A UNA ENFERMEDAD CONTAGIOSA PARA VER SI SE ENFERMAN ”.
WUHAN SUSPENDIÓ EL USO DE TRENES Y AUTOBUSES A FINALES DE ENERO. PARA ENTONCES , LA COVID-
19 COMENZÓ A EXTENDERSE FUERA DE CHINA Y LOS CASOS CONFIRMADOS PASARON DE 500. E N
MANILA, CAPITAL DE FILIPINAS , CERRARÁN EL METRO DURANTE AL MENOS UN MES A PARTIR DEL 15 DE
MARZO .
8. DISTANCIAMIENTO SOCIAL
UNA DE LAS RECOMENDACIONES PRINCIPALES PARA PREVENIR EL CONTAGIO QUE HACE LA OMS ES EL
DISTANCIAMIENTO SOCIAL . C ONSISTE EN MANTENER “UNA DISTANCIA MÍNIMA DE UN METRO ENTRE
UNO MISMO Y CUALQUIERA QUE ESTÉ TOSIENDO Y ESTORNUDANDO ”. TAMBIÉN RECOMIENDAN EVITAR
SALUDAR DANDO LA MANO O CON BESOS . EN EL CASO DE I TALIA , EN EL MARCO DE LA RESTRICCIÓN DE
MOVIMIENTO EN SU TERRITORIO , SE LE HA PEDIDO A LAS PERSONAS QUE MANTENGAN AL MENOS EL
METRO DE DISTANCIA SUGERIDO POR LA OMS EN ESPACIOS PÚBLICOS , COMO BARES , CAFÉS Y
SUPERMERCADOS .
LAS PERSONAS MAYORES PODRÍAN SER LAS MÁS AFECTADAS POR EL CORONAVIRUS .
LAS PERSONAS DE EDAD AVANZADA SON LAS QUE CORREN MAYOR PELIGRO . LA TASA DE MORTALIDAD
AUMENTA EXPONENCIALMENTE A PARTIR DE LOS 65 AÑOS , APROXIMADAMENTE . EN CHINA, POR
EJEMPLO , LA TASA DE MORTALIDAD DE LAS PERSONAS INFECTADAS QUE TIENEN HASTA 40 AÑOS ES DEL
0,2%, PERO ENTRE LOS QUE TIENEN 70 Y 79 AÑOS, SE INCREMENTA A UN 8%, MIENTRAS QUE A PARTIR
DE LOS 80 AÑOS , LA CIFRA AUMENTA A UN 14,8%.
CASI TODOS LOS FALLECIDOS POR LA INFECCIÓN DEL CORONAVIRUS TENÍAN PREVIAMENTE OTRA
ENFERMEDAD . SEGÚN UN ANÁLISIS DE LA O RGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD (OMS), EN LOS
CASOS REGISTRADOS EN CHINA, LAS PERSONAS MAYORES CON ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES ,
DIABETES , HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL , ENFERMEDADES RESPIRATORIAS CRÓNICAS Y CÁNCER , CORREN
MAYOR RIESGO .
ENGLISH VERSION
COVID-19
COVID 19 ( acronym of English coronavirus disease 2019 ), also acquaintance like disease
for coronavirus3 or, incorrectly, like pneumonia for coronavirus, SARS CoV is an
infectious disease caused by the virus 2. _ It was detected for the first time at Wuhan's
Chinese city ( Hubei's province ) in December 2019 Having Arrived in addition to 100
territories, the March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared it pandemic
Produce similar symptoms to give them the flu, the ones between which fever, dry cough,
dyspnoea, mialgia and fatigue are included. It is characterized to produce pneumonia,
syndrome of respiratory intense difficulty, sepsis and septic crash that leads to around 3
% of the infected the death in grave cases. Specific treatment does not exist ; The
therapeutic principal measures involve relieving symptoms and to maintain the vital
shows.
The transmission of the SARS CoV produces 2 himself by means of little drops – Flügge's
microgotas – that they emit themselves when talking, sneezing, coughing or exhaling, that to
the being emitted by a bearer ( that you are able not to have symptoms of the disease or to
incubating her ) they pass straight through the inhalation to another intervening person,
or they are left on the objects and surfaces that surround the emitter, and next, through
the hands, that they pick it up of theContaminated environment, they take contact with
the oral, nasal mucous membranes and eyepieces, when you touch the mouth, the nose or
eyes. This ends the principal road is of propagation, since the virus can remain viable even
for days in the fómites ( any empty object of life, or substance, what if it becomes
contaminated with some pathogenic you are able to transfer of an individual another one
to it )
The January 12 the World Health Organization ( WHO ) received the sequenced genome
of the new causing virus of the disease and named it temporarily like 2019 nCoV, of the
English 2019 novel coronavirus ( new coronavirus ), while the disease was called infection
for 2019 nCoV in medical documents, 11_33 and Wuhan's or Wu Flu's SARS ( Wu's flu )
in Internet. _The January 30 the WHO recommended that the temporary name of the
disease be respiratory intense disease for 2019 nCoV, until Enfermedades's International
Clasificación give an official name.
Affected countries
To the afternoon of Thursday March 12, 2020, the WHO reported 125,288 cases once 19
at 118 countries were confirmed of Covid. The disease has provoked 4,614 people's death.
The WHO considers the global risk for the disease very high.
There are two basic strategies of public policies for the control of an epidemic: Argument
and mitigation. The measures of argument aim at controlling the contagion of the disease,
to confine it in the area of the sprout and to avoid that it spread out on a large scale. When
transmission has stretched out, measures to mitigate his impact take effect : Reducing the
mortality for the disease, guaranteeing the access to medical services for the affected and
to reduce the effects on economy and society.
These are some of the measures embraced by the Governments to contain and to mitigate
the Covid 19, actions that recapitulate at different countries:
1. Close of frontiers and isolation of regions
Some countries closed the frontiers to check the expansion of the new coronavirus at their
territories. The first Russian minister Mijaíl Mishustin decreed the closing of the frontiers
with China the January 30, 2020. In March, the total closing of his terrestrial frontier with
Italy, while Austria introduced frontier controls and the entrance denies the originating
people of the country Mediterranean announced Slovenia.
The UNESCO said than, to the March 4, 22 the countries of three continents had
announced the closing of the schools like a measure to contain the Covid's propagation 19.
Thirteen countries have implemented the measure at all their territory, affecting 290.5
million children and young people of pre-primary school to superior secondary school.
“Other ones nine countries have orchestrated school localized closings to prevent or to
contain the Covid 19. If these also order schools' closing at all their territory, 180 million
children and young people more they would not help the school ”, the UNESCO came to
an end . Recently, the closing of schools and universities at all the country as from
Monday ordered France March 16. Even you do three weeks, China had been the only
country in implementing this measure. You ordered that students take virtual classrooms.
At United States, some schools and universities have closed . Harvard's University ordered
the students to abandon the campus in connection with days.
3. Quarantines
The Center for Disease and Prevention ( CDC ), of the apartment of health of United
States, explain that the quarantine separates and you restrict the movement of the people
that were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they get sick .
The disease can infect itself person to person when the infected coughs or exhales . In
order to contain the virus's propagation, several countries and organizations decided to
suspend multitudinous events, like sports games, cultural activities and concerts. The
International Federation of the Automobile Fórmula's Great Premio postponed 1, that it
would come true between the 17 and the April 19 in Shanghái, at the central coast of
China. The NBA suspended the games of the season until further notice. In a
communication, published on Wednesday March 11 leagues her private you explained of
professional basketball that the decision was taken after of than a team's player Utah Jazz
give plus sign in the preliminary test for the Covid 19. The events that they join together
in addition to 5,000 people in closed places were forbidden in France and the authorities
from Berlin suspended the public spectacles at theaters, operas and living rooms of
concerts to the April 19. In Latin America, the mayoress of Bogotá, Claudia López, you
asked to postpone all public or private event that you keep over 1,000 people. The
Movistar Arena, principal coliseum of concerts of the Colombian city, you announced that
the March 11 you postponed the concerts foreseen for the next days. Also the organizers of
the festivity Lollapalooza in Argentina and Chile announced that the festivity of music
would be reprogrammed for the second best one-half the year.
8. Social separation
One of the principal recommendations to prevent the contagion that the WHO does is the
social separation. It involves maintaining a minimal distance of a meter between oneself
and whichever you be coughing and sneezing . Also they recommend to avoid to say hello
shaking hands or with kisses. In the event of Italy, in the frame of the restriction of
movement at his territory, it has asked for to the people that they maintain to the less the
meter of distance suggested by the WHO in public spaces, like bars, coffees and
supermarkets.
The older people would be able to be the most affected for the coronavirus.
The advanced elderly are the ones that run bigger danger. The death rate increases
exponentially as from the 65 years, approximately. At China, for example, the death rate
of the infected people that they have to 40 years comes from the 0.2 %, but enter the ones
that have 70 and 79 years, it increases to a 8 %, in the meantime than as from the 80
years, the number increases to a 14.8 %.