HMB265H Midterm 1 (/50)

Thursday May 31, 2007 6:00 – 8:00 pm

Duration – 2 hours

1. In a certain diploid plant, 2n = 24 and there are no chromosomal abnormalities. If

DNA is extracted from plant tissue and run on a pulsed field electrophoresis gel, what is
the maximum number of DNA bands you would expect to see?

(A) 6
(B) 12
(C) 24
(D) 48
(E) 96

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2. The zipper-like connection between paired homologs in early prophase is known as a:

(A) spindle fiber.

(B) synaptic junction.
(C) synaptonemal complex.
(D) chiasma.
(E) none of the above

3. What is the term for genes with more than one wild-type allele?

(A) incomplete dominance.

(B) penetrance and expressivity.
(C) pleiotropic.
(D) polymorphic
(E) dihybrid.

4. Males with one copy of an X-linked gene are said to be _________ for that gene.

(A) homozygous
(B) heteroallelic
(C) heterozygous
(D) hemizygous
(E) deficient

5. The percentage of individuals with a given genotype who exhibit the phenotype
associated with that genotype is …

(A) phenocopy
(B) penetrance
(C) pleiotropy
(D) polymorphism
(E) pseudogene

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6. A couple are both heterozygous for two autosomal recessive diseases: cystic fibrosis
(CF) and phenylketonuria (PKU). What is the probability that their first child will have
either CF or PKU (but not both)?

(A) ½
(B) ¼
(C) 3/8
(D) 1/16
(E) 9/16

7. In the cross between A/a ; B/b ; C/ c; D/d ; E/e and a/a ; B/b ; C/C ; d/d ; E/E, what
proportion of the progeny will show the dominant phenotype at each locus? (Assume
independent assortment of all genes and complete dominance.)

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(A) 1/32
(B) 1/16
(C) 3/8
(D) 9/16
(E) 3/16

8. In hogs, a dominant allele B results in a white belt around the body. At a separate
unlinked locus the dominant allele S causes fusion of the two parts of the normally
cloven hoof resulting in a condition known as syndactyly. A belted syndactylous sow
was crossed to an unbelted cloven-hoofed boar, and in the litter there were:
25% belted syndactylous
25% belted cloven
25% unbelted syndactylous
25% unbelted cloven
What are the genotypes of the parents?

(A) B/B ; S/S x b/b ; s/s

(B) B/b ; S/s x b/b ; S/S
(C) B/b ; S/s x B/B ; s/s
(D) b/b ; S/s x B/b ; s/s
(E) B/b ; S/s x b/b ; s/s

9. A couple without an ancestral history of Tay-Sachs disease (an autosomal recessive)

have two normal children and an infant affected with Tay-Sachs. The sister of the male
parent wants to mate with the brother of the wife. In such a mating, what would be the
probability of their first child having Tay-Sachs disease?

(A) 1/16
(B) ¼
(C) 4/9
(D) 1/9
(E) 3/8

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10. A man whose mother had cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive) marries a
phenotypically normal woman from outside the family, and the couple considers having
a child. If the frequency of cystic fibrosis heterozygotes (carriers) in the general
population is 1 in 25, what is the chance that the first child will have cystic fibrosis?

(A) 1/2500
(B) 1/625
(C) 1/200
(D) 1/100
(E) 1/50

11. The dominant trait, Huntington disease causes severe neural/brain damage at
approximately age 40. A female whose mother has Huntington disease, marries a male
whose parents are normal. It is not known if the female has the disease. What is the

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probability that their first-born will inherit the gene that causes Huntington disease?

(A) 25%
(B) 50%
(C) 75%
(D) 100%
(E) 0%

12. Below is a pedigree for a human trait. Shaded symbols are for individuals showing
the trait. (A) Identify the mode of inheritance of the trait Dominant or Recessive. (B)
Apply the laws of probability and calculate the probability the offspring of the cousin
marriage 3 x 5 will have the trait.

(A) 1/4
(B) 1/3
(C) 2/3
(D) 3/8
(E) 3/4

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13. Below is a pedigree of a human genetic disease in which stricken individuals are
solid-colored. Apply the laws of probability and calculate the probability the offspring of
the cousin marriage 1x 4 will have the disease.

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(A) 1/4
(B) 1/3
(C) 2/3
(D) 1/2
(E) 4/9

14. In the following pedigree, the indicated trait is caused by what type of allele?

(A) autosomal recessive

(B) autosomal dominant
(C) X-linked recessive
(D) X-linked dominant
(E) Y-linked

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15. The following pedigree depicts the inheritance of a rare hereditary disease affecting
muscles:

What is the most likely mode of inheritance of this disease?

(A) Autosomal dominant

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(B) Autosomal recessive
(C) X-linked dominant
(D) X-linked recessive
(E) Y-linked

16. Suppose you discover a new species of worm that exists in two forms — slimy and
non-slimy. You find that when slimy females are mated to non-slimy males the offspring
consist of slimy males and non-slimy females, whereas when non-slimy females are
mated with slimy males, the offspring of both sexes are all slimy. You would conclude
that the _________ allele is dominant and that ________ are the heterogametic sex
(the sex with two different sex chromosomes) in this species of worm.

(A) slimy, females

(B) slimy, males
(C) non-slimy, females
(D) non-slimy, males
(E) you need further crosses to determine which is heterogametic

17. A female fruit fly with vermilion eyes and normal wings is crossed to a male with
normal red eyes and cut wings. The F1 progeny consist of females with red eyes and
normal wings, and males with vermilion eyes and normal wings. When the F1 progeny
are interbred, the F2 consists of two types of females — vermilion eyes, normal wings
(1/2) and red eyes, normal wings (1/2), and two types of males — vermilion eyes,
normal wings (1/2) and red eyes, cut wings (1/2). Are the genes for eye-color and wing-
type X-linked or autosomal?

(A) The eye-color gene is X-linked and the wing-type gene is autosomal
(B) The eye-color gene is autosomal and the wing-type gene is X-linked
(C) Both genes are X-linked
(D) Both genes are autosomal
(E) More than one of the above is consistent with the data

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18. Color vision depends upon the dominant alleles of three genes — the R gene and
the G gene are both on the X chromosome, while the B gene is autosomal. Recessive
mutations in any of the three genes can cause color-blindness. Suppose a colorblind
man marries a colorblind woman and all of their offspring have normal vision. What is
the genotype of the woman?

(A) RRGGbb
(B) RRggBB
(C) rrGGbb
(D) RRggBB or RRGGbb
(E) rrGGbb or rrggBB

19. Hemophilia is caused by an X-linked mutation in humans. If a woman whose

paternal uncle (father's brother) was a hemophiliac marries a man whose brother is also

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a hemophiliac, what is the probability of their first child having hemophilia (note: assume
no other hemophilia in the pedigree and no hidden carriers).

(A) 0
(B) ¼
(C) ½
(D) 1/8
(E) 1

20. A cross between a white-eyed female fruit fly and a red-eyed male would generate
which of the following types of progeny?

(A) Red-eyed females and white-eyed males

(B) White-eyed females and red-eyed males
(C) All red-eyed females and a 50:50 mixture of white-eyed and red-eyed males
(D) All red-eyed males and a 50:50 mixture of white-eyed and red-eyed females
(E) The result can not be predicted because it depends on whether the female is
homozygous or heterozygous

21. A white-eyed female fruit fly is mated to a red-eyed male. One of their progeny is a
white-eyed female. What is the likely karyotype of this white-eyed daughter?

(A) XX
(B) XXY
(C) XO
(D) XXX
(E) XYY

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22. In fruit flies, an X-linked dominant mutation (N) causes Notch wings in heterozygous
females but is lethal in hemizygous or homozygous condition. What ratio of offspring
would be observed in a cross of a Notch female by a normal male?

(A) 1/3 Notch females, 1/3 normal females, 1/3 normal males
(B) 1/4 Notch females, 1/4 normal females, 1/4 Notch males, 1/4 normal males
(C) 1/2 Notch females, 1/2 normal males
(D) 1/2 normal females, 1/2 Notch males
(E) 2/3 Notch females, 1/3 normal males

23. In a certain type of plant, the alleles R and r determine red and colourless flowers
respectively. However, the allele P of a gene on a separate chromosome is epistatic to
the R and r colour alleles resulting in a purple flower (p has no effect on colour). If
plants of genotype R/r ; P/p are intercrossed, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the

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progeny?

(A) 9 purple, 3 colourless, 4 red

(B) 1 red, 2 purple, 1 colourless
(C) 9 red, 6 colourless, 1 purple
(D) 9 red, 4 purple, 3 3 colourless
(E) 12 purple, 3 red, 1 colourless

24. Coat color in a certain species of rabbit is governed by multiple alleles. The
hierarchy with reference to dominance for these alleles are as follows: Colored (c+),
Chinchilla, (cch), Himalayan (ch) and Albino (c). What is the phenotypic ratio for the
cross c+ cch x ch cch?

(A) 1 normal : 1 chinchilla

(B) 2 normal : 1 himalayan : 1 chinchilla
(C) 1 normal : 2 chinchilla : 1 himalayan
(D) 2 normal : 1 chinchilla : 1 albino
(E) 2 normal : 1 himalayan : 1 albino

25.In mice the allele for colour expression is C (c = albino). Another gene determines
colour (B = black, b = brown). Yet another gene modifies the amount of colour so that D
= normal amount of colour and d = dilute (milky) colour. Two mice that are C/c ; B/b ;
D/d are mated. What proportion of progeny will be dilute brown (assume complete
dominance at each locus and no linkage)?

(A) 3/16
(B) 9/16
(C) 9/64
(D) 3/64
(E) 1/4

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26. Thalidomide was a common treatment for morning sickness in the 1950s. Children
born to mothers given this drug showed the phenotypes of a genetic disease known as
phocomelia, which involves shortened limbs. This may represent:

(A) incomplete dominance.

(B) genetic heterogeneity.
(C) expressivity.
(D) penetrance.
(E) phenocopy.

27. In Andalusian fowls B/B = black, and b/b = white, but the heterozygote is blue. If two
heterozygotes are mated, what proportion of their offspring will be blue?

(A) ¾

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(B) 2/3
(C) ¼
(D) ½
(E) 9/16

28. What are the possible blood types of the offspring of a cross between individuals
that are type AB and type O?

(A) A or B
(B) AB or O
(C) AB
(D) A, B or AB
(E) A, B, AB or O

29. In Drosophila the recessive alleles for brown and scarlet eyes (of two independent
genes) interact so that bw/bw;st/st is white. If a pure-breeding brown is crossed to a
pure-breeding scarlet, what proportion of the F2 will be white?

(A) 1/16
(B) ¼
(C) 7/16
(D) ¾
(E) 13/16

30. What is the expected phenotypic ratio for the testcross of an F1 dihybrid if the F2
ratio is 9:7?

(A) 3:1
(B) 1:1:2
(C) 2:1:1
(D) 1:1:1:1
(E) 1:3

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31. Five purebreeding mutant white flowered plants were used in pairwise
complementation tests. The results were as follows: '+' means that the progeny had wild
type blue flowers and '–' means they had white flowers.

How many different genes were the mutations in?

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(A) 1 gene
(B) 2 genes
(C) 3 genes
(D) 4 genes
(E) 5 genes

32. Here is a list of meiotic events out of order.

a) Segregation of homologous chromosomes to opposite poles.

b) Segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles.
c) Alignment of homologous pairs on the midplate of the cell.
d) Pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes.
e) Condensation of chromosomes in a diploid nucleus.
What is the correct order of events?

(A) cdeab
(B) dceba
(C) edcba
(D) edcab
(E) dcabe

33. Nondisjunction can occur at either the first or second division of meiosis. XYY
individuals would most likely arise from nondisjunction at the ______ meiotic division in
the ______.

(A) first, mother

(B) second, mother
(C) first, father
(D) second, father
(E) more than one of the above could give rise to XYY individuals

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34. The following is a list of mitotic events out of order.

a) Chromosomes align on the midplate of the cell.

b) Kinetochores begin attaching to spindle fibers.
c) Nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes decondense
d) Chromosomes condense, centrosomes migrate to opposite sides of nucleus.
e) Sister chromatids separate, move to opposite poles.

What is the correct order of events?

(A) bdace
(B) dabec
(C) dbaec
(D) abdce

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(E) edbac

35. The cross L p q / l P Q x l p q / l p q is carried out, the L gene is found to be in the

middle. What would be the genotypes of the double crossover gametes in this cross?

(A) L P Q and l p q
(B) L p Q and l P q
(C) l p Q and L P q
(D) L p q and l P Q
(E) cannot be determined

36. What aspect of chromosome behavior most clearly accounts for Mendel's law of
segregation?

(A) Movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles at anaphase II of meiosis.

(B) Movement of homologous chromosomes to opposite poles at anaphase I of meiosis
(C) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
(D) Replication of chromosomes prior to meiosis
(E) Independent alignment of different homologous pairs on the metaphase I spindle

37. In Drosophila, the genes y (yellow body) and car (carnation eyes) are located at
opposite ends of the X chromosome. In doubly heterozygous females (y+ car+/y car), a
single chiasma is observed somewhere along the X chromosome in 90% of the
examined oocytes. No X chromosomes with multiple chiasmata are observed. What
percentage of the male progeny from such a female would be recombinant for y and
car?

(A) 5%
(B) 10%
(C) 45%
(D) 55%
(E) 90%

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The following information applies to problems 38 and 39. In fruit flies, the recessive pr
and cn mutations cause brown and bright-red eyes, respectively (wild-type flies have
brick-red eyes). The double mutant pr cn combination has orange eyes. A female who
has wild-type eyes is crossed to an orange-eyed male. Their progeny have the following
distribution of eye colors:

wild-type 8
brown 241
bright-red 239
orange 12
500

38. What is the genotype of the mother of these progeny?

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(A) pr cn / pr+cn+
(B) pr+cn / pr+cn
(C) pr+cn / pr cn+
(D) pr cn+ / pr cn+
(E) pr cn / pr cn

39. What is the map distance between the pr and cn genes?

(A) 20 m.u.
(B) 2 m.u.
(C) 4 m.u.
(D) 46 m.u.
(E) 8 m.u.

40. The pairwise map distances for four linked genes are as follows: A-B = 22 m.u., B-C
= 7 m.u., C-D = 9 m.u., B-D = 2 m.u., A-D = 20 m.u., A-C = 29 m.u. What is the order of
these four genes?

(A) A-B-C-D
(B) A-D-B-C
(C) A-B-D-C
(D) B-A-D-C
(E) C-A-D-B

41. The map of a chromosome interval is A 10 B 40 C. From the cross A b c / a B C x a

b c / a b c, how many double crossovers would be expected out of 1000 progeny?

(A) 5
(B) 0
(C) 20
(D) 40
(E) 0

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42. A corn plant known to be hybrid for three linked genes is testcrossed. The progeny
phenotypes and frequencies are

+++ 74
abc 70
a++ 44
+bc 50
++c 4
ab+ 2
a+c 368
+b+ 388
1000

What is the coefficient of coincidence?

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(A) 0.6
(B) 2.5
(C) -1.5
(D) 1.5
(E) 0.4

43. A man heterozygous for a disease gene D is also heterozygous for an RFLP
(morph-1, morph-2) linked at a distance of 4 map units from the disease gene. His
chromosomal arrangement is
D morph-1
d morph-2
What percentage of his sperm will be D morph-2?

(A) 50%
(B) 46%
(C) 25%
(D) 4%
(E) 2%

44. A cross between a tall and a short pea plant produced intermediate height in the
F1 generation. When the F1s were crossed plants of the original parental heights
and plants with a range of heights in between the extremes were produced. The
mode of inheritance is described as:

(A) multifactorial.
(B) independent assortment.
(C) incomplete dominance.
(D) codominance.
(E) segregation.

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45. If you are a male, your X chromosome contains genes derived from:

(A) your paternal grandfather only.

(B) your maternal grandfather only.
(C) both your paternal and maternal grandfathers.
(D) both your paternal grandfather and grandmother.
(E) both your maternal grandfather and grandmother.

46. In tetrad analysis, NPD asci result from:

(A) independent assortment of unlinked genes.

(B) double crossovers between linked genes.
(C) single crossovers between linked genes.
(D) single crossovers between a gene and a centromere.

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(E) a or b

47. The total phenotype variance (VP) is:

(A) the sum of genetic variance (VG) and environmental variance (VE).
(B) the difference between VG and VE.
(C) not dependent on VG.
(D) not dependent on VE.
(E) always constant.

48. Broad-sense heritability is defined as:

(A) VA + VD + VI.
(B) VA / VP.
(C) VA /VG.
(D) VG / VP.
(E) VP /VG.

49. Quantitative traits can be distinguished by:

(A) being measurable.

(B) being influenced by multiple genes.
(C) not having genetic causes.
(D) a and c
(E) a and b

50. Multifactorial traits:

(A) are affected by both genetic and environmental factors.

(B) are continuous.
(C) vary over a continuous range of measurements.
(D) are affected by environmental factors such as penetrance and expressivity.
(E) all of the above.

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