ABSTRACT

This experiment is to observe the relationship between the pressure and

temperature of asaturated steam in equilibrium with water and also to
demonstrate the vapour pressure curve.This experiment is carried out
by using Marcet Boiler. Marcet Boiler is use for the understanding of
basic properties of saturated steam. Set the temperature controller
andobserve the steam temperature rise as the water boils. The steam
temperature and differentreadings is record as the boiler is heated or
cooled. As the result, the temperature increases asthe pressure increase.
Some of the values are not the same at the certain point. This
is becausesome of the errors occur along the experiment.

Introduction :
Thermodynamics is a branch of study of physics that deals with the
interchange ofenergies such as work and heat between a system and a
surrounding when the systemundergoes a process which are either
cooling or heating. The loss or gain of energy of thesystem
during a process has a direct impact on the thermodynamics
properties. Two of themost important thermodynamics
properties that are being investigated in this experiment
areabsolute pressure and temperature that are both changes
during the process in the system. Thedata from the experiment
will be compared with the theoretical value obtained from the
steam table.For the purpose of this experiment, we will be using
Marcet Boiler which is the bench top unit designed for the
demonstration of the basic principal in thermodynamics which is
boiling.
Marcet Boiler are the mostcommon device used for students in
the laboratory in order for them to have a betterunderstanding
 the relationship between absolute pressure and temperature of
saturated steam in equilibrium with water.

Objective
The main objective of this experiment is to determine the saturation
pressure curve at the pressure within 17 bar. This experiment is also
carried out to investigate between the pressure and temperature of
saturated steam in equilibrium with water. Then, by using the data from
the experiment, construct a graph for a function of temperature against
the absolute pressure and calculate the slope of the curve (dT/dP). Next,
the results from this experiment will be compared with the theoretical
value obtained from the steam table. However, we may not be able to get
an accurate value of data as it might have errors during the experiment .

Apparatus :
The unit consists of the following as shown in fig 2.1:
1. Cylindrical boiler, containing the water needed for the test.
2. Control board, controlling the water heating and evaporating resistor.
3. Exhaust valve.
4. Inlet valve.
5. Pressure gauge, showing the boiler relative pressure.
6. Mercury thermometer, showing the boiler temperature.
7. Safety valve.
8. Valve controlling the volume of water in the boiler.
9. Armored resistor.
10. Safety pressure switch.

THEORY
The use of Marcet Boiler is to investigate the relationship between a saturated
pressureand the temperature of water between ranges of 0-17 bar. By using the
Marcet Boiler, we canobserve that as the temperature of water increases, the
pressure also increases. Thus, the temperature of water is said to be directly
proportional with the pressure.Thermodynamics is a study related between energy
 and entropy, which is also deal with heat and work. It is a set of theories that
related to macroscopic properties, visible with nakedeye which we can measure the
volume, pressure and temperature.Ideal gas law is a law in which related to
pressure, temperature and also volume of an
ideal gas. Ideal gas law is originally derived experimentally measured from
Charles’s Law and Boyle’s Law. Let P is pressure of a gas, V is a volume it
occupies and T is it temperature
which is in Kelvin, K. The ideal gas law state that
PV = nRT
Where,P = Absolute pressure, kPa
V = Volume, m³
n = Amount of substances, moles
R = Ideal gas constant, kJ/kg.K
T = Absolute temperature, K
The measured value of the slope of a graph (dT/dP)SAT
 can be obtained from the dataof result from the experiment done and compare it
with corresponding values calculated from the steam

Experimental Data
Complete the following table 2.1

Barometric Pressure = 1bar

Gauge Pressure(bar) Absolute Pressure(bar) Steam Temperature (0C)

0.5 1.5 105

1 2 110
1.5 2.5 125
2 3 129
2.5 3.5 135
3 4 140
4 5 146
5 6 155
6 7 162
7 8 168
8 9 174
9 10 178
10 11 182
11 12 186
12 13 190
 13 14 193
14 15 197
15 16 200

Result and Conclusions :

We notice that it is essential to close the valve as it reached the boiling point to
ensurethat we are now in a constant volume process or otherwise pressure would
have neverincreased and this will result the experiment to be useless .
We also notice that weclosed the valve exactly when we reached the
boilingtemperature and thus keeping the water at a saturated liquid phase
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