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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
TEST METHOD STANDARD
MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
TACO 100S4A
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MI L-STD-282
2S May 1956
CONTENTS
FIGURES
● Figure
1 Schematic diagram, penetrometer, filter
Figure
14 Smoke-penetration meter, E27, front
testing, CG, E16 view
2 Schematic diagram, penetrometer, filter 15 Smoke-penetration meter, E27, contrnl
testing, CG, E24 panel
3 Penetrometer, front view 16 Smoke-penetration meter, E27, rear view
17 Smoke-penetration meter, E27, right-side
4 Penetrometer, rear view
view
5 Penetrometer, right-front view
18 Smoke-penetration meter, E27, left-side
6 Smoke generator view
7 Scattering chamber 19 Smoke-particle-size indicator, front paneI
8 Schematic diagram, penetrnmeter, El? 20 Smoke-particle-size indicator, top view
9 Schematic diagram, penetrometer, E18 21 Percent.psnetrati~ indicator, f rent
panel
10 Vibrating machine, E7
22 Percent-penetration indicator, top view
11 Static-cliff usion apparatus
23 Mechanical analyzer, smoke-particle-size
12 ,Specimen arrangement, staticdiffusion 24 Scattering chamber
test 25 Schematic diagram, test apparatus,
13 Arrangement for staticdiffusion test water-repellency, E 1R3
● TAGO , 0064A
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MI1-STD-282
28 May 1956
SUPERSEDING
MI L-F-10462A (Cml C)
30 October 1952
MILITARY STANDARD
FILTER UNITS, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, GAS-MASK
COMPONENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS ;
PERFORMANCE-TEST METHODS
1. SCOPE AND NUMBERING SYSTEM Group 2-Test Methods 200 to 299 are
assigned to impermeable
1.1 Scope. This standard covers methods
protective clothing test
used in the routine testing and inspection], of
procedures.
filter units, protective clothing, gas mask
Group 3—Test Methods 300 to 399 are
components and related products.
assigned to permeable
1.2 Numbering system. The various test clothing test procedures.
methods are designated by numbers assigned Group 4—Test Methods 400 to 499 are
in accordance with the following systems: assigned to gas-mask face-
1.2.1 Decimal point significance. Test meth- pieces.
ods are assigned consecutive numbers within Group 5—Test Methods 500 to 599 are
the appropriate group. Group numbers are assigned to gas-mask can-
assigned as shown in 1.2.2. The numbers 1 isters.
to 99 in each group are assigned to the differ- Group 6—Test Methods 600 to 699 are
ent types of tests. When the same type of assigned to general test
test is used in a different group, the numbers methods and other miscel-
in the 1 to 99 group remain the same. The laneous methods.
numbers to the right of the first decimal
point designate the different items or units 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
being tested within the test group. Numbers 2.1 The latest issue of the following specifica-
to tbe right of the second decimal point desig- tions form a part. of this standard:
nate the number of revisions.
:—GrouP SPECIFICATIONS
:Type of test FEDERAL
:: :—Item of unit tested O–E–760—Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol).
::: :-Revision UU–P–236—Paper, Filter, Analytical.
:::: MILITARY
—— JAN–P–253—Paper. Liquid-Vesicant-
i o 0.0. ; Detector, M6.
1.2.2 Group numbers assignment. Group MIL-N-1 1409—Nitrobensene, Reagent.
numbers are assigned as follows: MILP–10455—Pbosgene.
Group l—Test Methods 100 to 199 are (Copies of specifications, standards, drawings, and
publications required by contractors i“ connecticm
assigned to filter units and with specific prrxureme”t f.”ctiom should be ob-
related products’ test pro- tained from tbe procuring aclivity or .s directed by
cedures. the contracting officer. )
TACO ,00C4A 5
.
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Ml L-STD-282
28 May 1956
a
3. GENERAL PROVISIONS take place. This information shall be given
sufficiently in advance to enable the inspector
3.1 Application. This starrdmd is issued for
to be present
use as a reference in detail specifications or
b. Copies of tbe results of all chemical and
contracts.
physical tests which @ directly connected
3.2 Dutiies and responsibilities of tbe con- with the material to be furnished.
tractor.
3.2.4 Identity. When material is inspected
3.2.1 ll?cspowsibilit~. The contractor shaIl by lot at the place of manufacture, the con-
be responsible for compliance with all re- tractor shall so arrange his working, han- .
qui vements of the contract and specification dling, and marking of the material that at
whether the material is manufactured by all times throughout its manufacture and in-
him or a subcontractor. spection, the inspector may identify with
3.2.2 Mrwufoctnr’ing method. Tbe means certainty any or all portions of each lot.
and methods for executing the work will be Notice. When Government drawing., specifics.
determined by the contractor, but tbe obliga- tio”s, or other data are used for a“y purpose other
tion is on the contractor to satisfy the pur. than in connection with a definitely minted Govern.
me”t procurement operation, the United States Gov.
chaser as to full compliance with the require-
ernme”t thereby incurs no responsibility nor any
ments of the specifications and the contract. obligation whatsoever: and the fact that the COY.
3.2.3 1njo rrrmtimz. iwnished by the cord rac- ernment may have formulated, furnished, or in any
tor. When specified or requested by the in- way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or
other data is not to be regarded by implication or
spector, the contractor shall inform the in-
otherwise as in any manner licensin~ the holder m
spector when work will commence and of the any other person or corpom.tio’n, or conveying any
general plans and methods that he intends rights or permission to manufacture, use, m sell any
to follow. During the progress of the work, patented invention that may in any way be related
tbe contractor shall furnish tbe inspector, or thereto.
such of his assistants as he may designate, Custodians:
Army—Chemicel Corps
the following information: Navy—Bureau of Ships
(T. Notification of tbe time when each op- Other interest:
eration which the inspector is to v.itnw+ is to hravy—S
6 TACO *o064A
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
Methad 101.1.2
SUPERSEDING
Method 101.1.1
30 October 1952
TAGO ,00wA 7
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Ml LSTti282
28 May 1956
tilled water shall be used throughout the 4.2.6 Nitrobenzene. Reagent grade nitro.
a
tests. Blank determinations shall be run in benzene conforming to Specification MILA4-
parallel with the tests and corrections ap- 11409 shall be used. The nitrobenzene shall
plied when significant. be redistilled if not free of chlorides.
4~2.1 Potassium iodide-acetone indicator. 4.2.7 Fern”c ammonium’ sulfate solutioti,
Prepare a fresh saturated solution of potas- saturated. Prepare a saturated solution of
sium iodide in redistilled acetone on the day ferric ammonium sulfate (ferric alum) with
the test is made. Dry the acetone before dis- water.
tillation with anhydrous copper sulfate. Dis-
4.2.8 Nitric acid, 50 percent by volume. Di-
card the final solution if it possesses any
lute concentrated nitric acid 1 to 1 by volume
yellow color.
with water. Boil the nitric acid before di.
4.2.2 Color standard, gold chloride solution. Iution if has a yellow coloration.
Dissolve 0.030 gram (gin.) of gold chloride
(AuCl,.HCl.3H,0) in 100 milliliters (ml.) of 5. PROCEDURR
water. Pour 20 ml. of this solution into a
5.1 Connect compressed air line to a 90-pound
tsst tube or ampoule of approximately the
per square inch (p.s.i.) compressed air
same diameter as the bubblers used in the
source with switch (15) in the OFF position.
test and seal the tube or ampoule. This solu-
Drain water from the line by means of the
tion is the color standard for the potassium
drain valve under wat& trap (17). Adjust
iodide-acetone indicator “breakpoint? and
oil flow from lubricator (16) so that a very
should be used for comparison throughout
small flow is observed hy means of the sight
the test.
glass when the air clamp is opened and closed
4.2.3 Sodium hvdroxide solution (alcohol-
several times. (A flow of about 3 drops per
roster). Dissolve 40 gm. of sodium hydroxide hour is recommended by the manufacturer. )
in 500 ml. of water and add 500 ml, of 95 Fill the lubricator with light oil when the
percent ethyl aIcohol conforming to Specifi- level drops appreciably.
cation O-E–760, grade I, class B.
5.2 Make certain that the valve on the top of
4.2.4 Standard silver nitrate solution, 0.025N.
phosgerre cylinder (24) is closed. Open
Dissolve 76.5 gm. of silver nitrate in 18 liters
valve (22). Break the union between valve
of water and store the solution in opaque
(22) and the phosgene cylinder valve and
bottles. To standardize, dissolve 1.0 gin.,
weigh the cylinder on platform scale (25).
weighed to the nearest reg., of potassium (or
The cylinder shall be weighed immediately
sodium) chloride in exactly 1 liter of water.
before each test. Reconnect the union and
Dry the potassium chloride at 150” & 5“C.
close valve (22).
for at least 2 hours before preparing the solu-
tion. The water used in making up the solu- 5.3 Visually check the gaskets on the phm”m
tion must be free of chloride. Standardize (10) and the carriage (26). With switch
the silver nitrate solution against the potas- (15) in the OFF position, slide gas filter
sium chloride solution by the Volhard (12) between plenum and carriage. Center
method, using duplicate 50-ml. samples. Cal- gas filter by means of filter stop lever (11).
culate the normality of the silver nitrate solu- Clamp gas filter in place by moving air-clamp
tion as shown in 7.1.
switch (15) to the ON position.
4.2.5 Strmdwd potassium thiocmmmte sohJ-
tion, 0.025N. Dissolve 43.9 gm. of potassium 5.4 Connect the side outlet of the qualitative
thiocyanate in 18 liters of water and stand- bubbler (7), containing 15 ml. of saturated
ardize’ against the previously standardized potassium iodide-acetone solution, to the
0.025N silver nitrate. needle valve (8) connecting with the vacuum.
8 TACO 10064A
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MI L–STD-282
28 May 1956
Connect the top inlet of the bubbler to the 25 ml. of alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution.
sampling line containing the rotameter (9) After the test has begun, install two bubblers
which is centered in the effluent air stream. (2) in series as shown h figure 1, connec-
5.5 Turn on the blower at switch (18) and ad- tions being made between the bubbler inlet.
just air flow with valve (21 ) to the differen- and sampling line near shutoff valve ( 1 ) and
tial on draft gage (2u) corresponding to a between the bubbler outlet and rotameter
flow of 150 c.f.m. Record the resistance (4) with rubber tubing. With valve (1)
indicated by manometer (5) of the gas filter closed, open needle valve (3). If the float
(12) at this flow. Open valve (8) slightly in rotameter (4) does not rise. the system
to vacuum and then open shutoff valve (6). does not leak. If there is leakage, locate the
Adjust the ellluent sampling flow with valve source and eliminate it. When all leaks are
(8) to a float height on rotameter (9) cor. eliminated, open valve (3) slightly and open
responding to a flow of 1500 ml, per minute. valve (1). Adjust valve (3) so that the
float of rotameter (4) has a height cor.
5.6 With valve (22) closed, slowly open the
responding to a flow of 500 ml. per minute.
phosgene cylinder valve. Pass the open end
Purge sample line for 2 minutes and turn off
of a small beaker containing about 15 ml. of
valve (1) and valve (3) respectively. Re.
concentrated ammonium hydroxide slowly
place the two bubblers with two containing
along the phosgene line from the cylinder to
fresh solution. Open valve (3) and check
valve (22). The appearance of white fumes
for leaks. Open valve (1) and readjust flow
indicates phosgene leakage. If there is. evi.
to 500 ml. per minute. Take a 4-minute
dence of leakage, shut off valve of cylinder
sample (2 liters). Turn off valve (1) and
(24), locate and eliminate the source of leak.
valve (3) respectively. Remove the bubblers
age, and reopen phosgene cylinder valve.
for chemical analysis. (See 6.2.1.)
After making certain that all leaks have been
eliminated, slowly open valve (22) until the 5.9 Upon completion of run, close phosgene
float height in rotameter (23) corresponds cylinder valve and record the total time (T),
to a flow of 10.4 liters per minute. Start to the nearest minute that the phosgene was
timing device. - flowing. (See 7.2.1. ) Open valve (22) and
record final resistance of the gas filter, DO
5.7 Maintain the specified main flow and
not remove the filter until pure air has been
sampling flow rates throughout the test. Re-
passed through it for at least 10 minutes.
plenish the potassium iodide-acetone sohl-
5.10 While filter is being purged with pure
tion, when necessary, to maintain the 15-ml.
air (phosgene cylinder valve closed and valve
level. When the bubbler solution turns to
(22) open), crack union between pbosgene
a yellow color equal to that of the color stand-
ard (see 4.2.2) immediately substitute a cylinder and rotameter (23). Allow phos-
gene flow line to purge at least 2 minutes.
bubbler containing fresh indicator solution.
Disconnect phosgene cylinder and reweigh.
Continue to replace bubblers until a fresh
Determine average phosgene concentration.
indicator solution goes through the cok,r
(See 7.2.1.)
change within 3 minutes after installation.
At this point a true “break” will have oc- 5.11 Reconnect the phosgene flow line at the
curred. Record, to the nearest whole minute, union and close valve (22). Calculate the
the observed life of the filter which is the life of the filter as shown in 7.3.1.
time elapsed from the setting of the timer 6. DETERMINATION OF PHOSGENE
until the installation of the final bubbler. CONCENTRATION BY CHEMICAL
(See 7.3.1) ANALYSIS
5.8 When a concentration sample is required, 6.1 Normally the phosgene concentration as
till each of four quantitative bubblers with determined by weight and the rate of air
7AG0 1WS4A .9
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MI L-STD=282
28 May 1956
tlow is sufficiently accurate for test purposes. 7.1.1 Nomrzu@ calculation. Calculate the
However, verification of the phosgene con. normality of the silver nitrate solution as
centration shall he made by chemical analysis follows :
when any of the following apply: N=Kx G
(a) a new test apparatus is put into M
operation. where:
(b) the life of a gas filter does not con- N = normality of silver nitrate solution.
form to the specified life of at K = 0.671 for potassium chloride ,or 0.855
least 30 minutes. for sodium chloride.
-.
(c) an exceptionally long life is re- G = weight of potassium (or sodium) chlo-
corded (1 hour or more). ride in grams.
(d) the test apparatus is put into op. M = total milliliters of silrer nitrate solu- ‘.
eration after a period of idleness. tion minus milliliters of silver ni.
(e) at any time when measurements or tmte solution equivalent to the po-
results are questionable. tassium thiocyanate solution used.
6.2 Analysis. The alcoholic sodium hydroxide 7.2 Phosgene concentration by weight.
solution is analyzed volumetrically for chlo-
7.2.1 Calculation. Using the following for-
rides using the following method, taking ad- mula, calculate the average phosgene con-
vantage of the fact that filtering the silver
centraflon:
chloride is unnecessary upon addition of suf-
c = W X 453.6 X 1000
ficient nitrobenzene (at least 1 ml. nitro- .
T X 150 X 28.3
benzene per 50 mg. chloride). where:
6.2.1 Procedure. Combine the alcoholic C. = average phosgene concentration in
sodium hydroxide solutions from the two milligrams per liter.
bubblers (2) in a 500-ml. ground-glass stop- W = weight in pounds of phosgene used, ob-
pe.red Erlenmeyer flask. Carefully wash the tained by subtracting the final
bubbler assembly with water and add the weight of the phosgene cylinder,.
washings to the solution in the flask. Acidfy (see 5.10) from the initial cylinder
with 50 percent nitric acid using phen. weight (see 5.2).
olphthalein as an indicator. Add approxi- T = time in minutes of phosgene flow dur-
mately 5 ml. excess acid. Add 20 ml. (an ing which W pounds of phosgene
excess) of standard 0.025N silver nitrate was used (see 5.9).
solution and shake the flask. Add 2 to 3 ml. 7.3 Corrected filter life.
of nitrobenzene, stopper the flask and shake
vigorously for at least 1 minute to coagulate 7.3.1 Calculate the corrected life of the filter
the silver chloride precipitate. Add 5 ml. of as follows:
saturated ferric ammonium sulfate solution L= C. XL.
G
as an indicator and back titrate with stand-
where:
ard 0.025N potassium thiocyanate solution
L = corrected life of filter in minutes.
until tfie first permanent red-brown color
L. = observed life of filter in minutes (see
is developed. Run a chloride blank on 50 ml.
5.7) .
of the alcohol-water solution of sodium hy-
C. = average phosgene concentration in
droxide. Calculate the phosgene concentra-
milligrams per liter.
tion as shown in 7.4.1.
C, = specified phosgene concentration (10
7. CALCULATIONS mg. per liter).
7.1 Standardization of the 0.025N silver ni- 7.4 Phosgene
concentrating
hy chemicalanal-
trate sslution. “(See 4.2.4.) ysis.
10 TAGO 10w4A
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.. MI L-STD-282
28 May 1936
7.43 Calculz.te the average phosgene concen- 10.4 liters per minute, the phosgene flow re-
tration as follows: quired for the test.
~ = (A—B—C) X N X 99 8.1.2 Calibratio?l of the main flow orifice
,,
4 mete?’. Calibrate the main flow orifice meter
where: (19) against a standard orifice meter or
C. = Average phosgene concentration in with the aid of a pitot. tube. Record the
milligrams per liter of mixture en- corresponding flows and. pressure drops
tering the gas filter. across the main flow orifice meter, Plot a
A = total volume in milliliters of silver calibration curve showing air flow versus
nitrate used. pressure drop across the main tlow orifice
B = volume in milliliters of unreacted silver meter, Note the pressure drop correspond-
nitrate (milliliters potassium thio- ing to 150 c.f.m.
cyanate corrected to the equivalent 8.1.3 Calibration of rotameter (efluent-air-
milliliters of silver nitrate). smnpling flow). Connect the side outlet of
C = volume in milliliters of silver nitrate qualitative bubbler (7) containing 15 ml. of
obtained in the blank determina- potassium iodide-acetone eolution to rota-
tion. meter (9). Connect the top inlet of the bub-
N = normality of the standard silver ni- bler to the outlet of a commercial gas meter
trate solution. (capacity approximately 10 liters per
minute) of known accuracy. Leaving the
8. NOTES inlet of the gas meter open to the atmos-
8.1 Calibration of apparatus. phere, vary the flow through the sampling
8.1.1 Calibration of phosgene ~otamet.er. lirie with needle valve (8). Record the float
Calibrate the phosgene rotameter (23) over heights at various corresponding air-flow ad-
a range of 10 to 50 liters per minute air flow justments (milliliters per minute). Plot air
employing a dry meter of known accuracy. flows versus float heights. Mark the rota-
Plot a calibration curve showing air flow in meter glass at tbe level corresponding to a
liters per minute versus height of the float. flow nf 1500 ml. (1.5 liters) per minute.
Calculate phosgene flows at various heights 8.1.4 Calibration of rotam eter (covlcsntra-
of the float using the air tiows versus height tion sampling flow). Break the concentra-
of the float and the following formuIa: tion flow line between the quantitative bub-
blers and valve (1). Connect the quantita-
tive bubblers to the outlet of a dry gas meter
(10 liters per minute capacity), leaving the
where: inlet of the gas meter open to the atmos-
Q., = flOW of phosgene (liters per minute). phere. Record corresponding float heights
Q.,, = flOW of air determined from the cali- and air flows (milliliters per minute). Plot
bration curve (liters per minute). air flows versus float heights. Mark the
M.W.., = molecular weight of phosgene rotameter glass at the level corresponding to
M. W..,, = molecular weight of air a flow of 500 ml. (0.50 * 0.03 liter) per
Using the data thus obtained, plot a curve minute.
showing phosgene flows versus float heights 8.2 Safety precautions. All persons in the
of the rotameter. Use the same axes for this vicinity of the test should be equipped with
second curve as were used for the air-flow service gas masks and be familiar with their
versus float-height calibration curve. Indi- use. Personnel should mask immediately
cate on the phosgene-flow versus tloat-height when the odor of phosgene (similar to that
curve tbe height corresponding to a flow of nf musty hay) is detected.
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
Method 101.2.1
SUPERSEDING
Method 101.2
30 October 1952
●
phosgene concentration of approximately 10
capacity of 150 pounds shall be used.
& 1 mg. per liter is passed through the M12
gas filter at its rated flow of 12 & 0.5 c.f.m. 3.1.3 A plenum, which provides a mounting
A continuous sample of the mixture dis- position for the gas filter. The discharge of
charged from the filter is bubbled through a the plenum is at right angles to the inlet air
saturated solution of potassium iodide in ace- flow, and the increased cross-sectional area
tone. When phosgene is present in the efllu- of the plenum decreases the velocity of the
ent mixture, it liberates free iodide from the phosgene-air mixture. Both design features
solution, causing a color change from clear tend to provide uniform distribution of the
to yellow. The observed life of the filter is
mixture over the. face area of the gas filter
the time from the beginning of the test to the
being tested.
time of installation of fresh potassium iodide-
acetone indicator solution which will discolor 3.1.4 A mixer designed to effect a homogene-
within 3 minutes after exposure to a sample ous sample of the filter eflluent, and a sam-
of the discharge of the filter. The average pling line centered in the discharge pipe
phosgene concentration of the phosgene-air from the mixer. This sampling provides a
mixture entering the sorbent filter is com- means for determining the “break point”, or
puted by chemical analysis. The life of the point at which the gas filter ceases to pre-
filter is then corrected for a deviation of vent effectively the passage of phosgene.
phosgene concentration from the specified
10 mg. per liter. 3.1.5 A sampling line centered in the plenum
for obtaining samples of’ the phosgene-air
3. APPARATUS mixture entering the gas filter. These sam-
3.1 The apparatus employed in the test is il- ples are used to determine the phosgene con-
lustrated in figure 2. All parts designated by centration by chemical analysis.
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MI L-STD-282 ~
!M May 1956
14 ~~QO
109S4A
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
a flow of 12 c.f .m. Record the resistance (9). If the float in rotcmeter (10) does not
indicated by manometer (11) of the gas rise, the system does not leak. If there is
filter (20) at this flow. Opel, valve (12) leakage, locate the source and eliminate it.
slowly to vacuum and adjust the edluent When all leaks are eliminated, open valve
sampling flow to a float height on rotameter (9) slightly and open valve (22). Adjust
(13) corresponding to a flow of 1500 ml. per valve (9) ao that the fbmt of .rutimeter (10)
minute. has a height corresponding to a flow of 500
. . ml. per minute. Purge sample line for 2
5.5 With valve (3) closed, SIOWIY open the
minutes and turn off valve (22) and valye
phosgene cylinder valve (2). PaSS the Open
(9) respectively. Replace the two bubblers
end of a small beaker containing about 16
with two containing fresh solution. Open
ml. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide
valve (9) and check for leaks. OPen @ve
slowly along the phosgene line from the cYl-
(22) and readjust flow’ to 500 ml. per minute.
inder to valve (3). The appearance of white
Take a 4-minute sample (2 liters). Turn off
fumes indicates phosgene leakage. If t!,?re
vavle (22) and valve (9) respective y. Re-
is evidence of leakage, shut off valve (2),
move the bubblers for chemical analysis.
locate and eliminate the source of leakage,
(See 6.1.1.)
and reopen valve (2). After making certain
that all leaks have heen eliminated, slowly 5.8 Upon completion of run, close valve (2),
open valve (3) until the float height in rota- open valve (3), and record the final resist-
meter (4) corresponds to a flow of 840 ml. ance of the gas filter. DO not remove the
per minute. Start timing device. filter until pure air has passed through it for
at least 10 minutes. Determine the average
5.6 Maintain the specified main flow and phosgene concentration. (See 7.2.1) Cal-
sampling flow rates throughout the test. Re-
culate the life of the filter as shown in 7.3.1.
plenish the potxssium iodide-acetone solution,
when necessary, to maintain the 15-ml. level. 6. DETERMINA~ON OF PHOSGENE
When the bubbler solution turns to a yellow CONCENTRATION BY CHEMICAL
color equal to that of the color standard (see ANALYSIS
4.2.2), immediately substitute a bubbler con- 6.1 Analyeis. The alcoholic sodium hydroxide
taining fresh indicator solution. Continue solution is analyzed volumetrically for chlo-
to replace bubblers until a fresh indicator rides using the following method, taking ad-
solution goes through tbe color change within vantage of tbe fact that filtering the silver
3 minutes after installation. At this point chloride is unnecessary upon the addition of
a true “break” will have occurred. Record, sufficient nitrobenzene (at least 1 ml. nitro-
to the nearest whole minute, the observed life henzene per 50 mg. chloride).
of the filter which is the time elapsed from
6.1.1 Procedure. Combine the alcoholic
the setting of the timer until the installation
sodium hydroxide solutions from the two
of the final bubbler. (See 7.3.1.)
bubblers (2) in a 500-ml. ground-glass stop-
5.7 Fill each of four quantitative bubblers pered Erlenmeyer flask. Carefully wash the
with 25 ml. of alcoholic sodium hydroxide bubbler assembly with distilled water and
solution. After the teat has begun, install add the washings to the solution in tbe flask.
two bubblers (7) in series as shown in figure Acidify with 50 percent nitric acid using
1, connections being made between the bub- phenolphthalein as an indicator. Add ap-
bler inlet and sampling line near shutoff proximately 5 ml. excess acid. Add 20 ml.
valve (22) and between the bubbler outlet (an excess) of standard 0.025N silver nitrate
and rotameter (10) with rubber tubing. solution and shake the flask. Add 2 to 3 ml.
With valve (22) closed, open needle valve of nitrobenzene, stopper the flask and shake
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
where:
7. CALCULATIONS
L = corrected life of filter in minutes.
7.1 Standardization of the 0.025iV silver ni-
L =observed life of filter in minutes (see
trate sulution. See 4.2.4.
5.6).
7.1.1 Normditv cabufdiort. Calculate the C. = average phosgene concentration in
normality of the silver nitrate solution as milligrams per liter.
follows : C. = specified phosgene concentration (10
~=Kx G mg. per liter).
M
where: 8. NOTES
N = normality of silver nitrate solution. 8.1 Calibration of apparatus.
K = 0.671 for potassium chloride or 0.855
8.1.1 Calibration of phosgens rotameter.
for sodium chloride.
Calibrate the phosgene rotameter (4) over
G = weight of potassium (or sodium) chlo-
a range of 500 to 1700 ml. per minute air
ride in grams.
flow employing a dry meter of known, ac-
M = total milliliters of silver nitrate solu-
curacy. Plot a calibration curve showing
tion minus milliliters of silver ni-
air flow in liters per minute versus height
trate equivalent to the potassium
of tbe float. Calculate phosgene flows at
thiocyanate solution used.
various heights of the float using the air
7.2 Phosgene concentration by chemical flow versus height of tbe float and tbe follow-
analysis. ing formula:
.—
7.2.1 Concentration cakwlation. Calculate
C& = Qil 1= = Q,,, x 0.54
the average phosgene concentration as fol- I i M.w.,g
lows : where:
—B—C) x99x N Q.. = flow of phosgene
(Iitera per minute).
C.=(A , Q.i, = ftOW of air determined from the cali-
where: bration curve (liters per minute).
C. = average phosgene concentration in M.W.,.. = molecular weight of phosgene.
milligram per liter of mixture en- M.W..,, = molecular weight of air.
tering the gas filter. Using the data thus obtained, plot a c“m,e
A = tptal volume in milliliters of silver ni. showing phosgene flow versus float height
trate used. of the rotameter. Use the same axes for
B = volume in milliliters of unreacted silver this second curve as were used for the air
nitrate (ml. potassium thiocyana,te flow versus tloat height calibration curve.
corrected to the equivalent ml. of Indicate on the phosgene flow versus float-
silver nitrate). heigbt curve the height corresponding to a
16 TACO lw64A
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
flow of 840 ml. per minute, the phosgene flow flow adjustments (ml. per minute). Plot
required for the test. air flows versus float heights. Mark the
rotameter glass at the level corresponding to
8.1.2 Calibration of the main flow orifice
meter. Calibrate the main flow orifice meter a flow of 1500 ml. (1.5 liters) per minute.
(8) against a standard orifice meter or with 8.1.4 Calibration of rotameter (concentration
the aid of a pitot tube. Record the cor- sampling flow). Break the concentration
responding flows and pressure drops across flow line between the quantitative bubblers
the main flow orifice meter. Plot a calibra- and valve (22). Connect the quantitative
tion curve showing air flow versus pressure bubblers to the outlet of a dry gas meter (10
drop across the main flow orifice meter. Note liters per minute capacity), leaving tbe inlet
tbe pressure drop corresponding to 12 c.f.m. d the gas meter open to the atmosphere.
8.1.3 Calibration of rotameter (efluent-air- ‘“ Record corresponding float heights and air
sampling flow). Connect the side.. outtet of flows (ml. per minute) of rotameter (10).
qualitative bubbler (14) containing 15 ml. Plot air flows versus float heights. Mark the
of potassium iodide-acetone solution to iota- rotameter glass at the level corresponding to
meter (13). Connect the top inlet of the a flow of 500 ml. (0.50 * 0.03 liters) per
bubbler to the outlet of a commercial gas minute.
meter (capacity approximately 10 liters per 8.2 Safety precautions. All persons in the
minute) of known accuracy. Leaving the vicinity of the test should be equipped with
inlet of the gas meter open to the atmos- service gas masks and be familiar with their
phere, vary the flow through tbe sampling use. Personnel should mask immediately
line with needle valve (12). Record the when the odor of pbosgene (similar to that
float heights at various corresponding air- of musty hay) is detected.
● TAGO 1WC4A 17
.
MiL&i282
28 May” 1956
.
f? ‘- ?
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II -il-
18 TAOO 10M4A
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
Method 102.1
,
1. SCOPE 2.2 The main air stream, now containing
smoke, is carried to tbe plenum (19) tQ
1.1 This method describes the operating pr-
cedure for the E17 DOP-smoke-test appa- which the test filter (18) is clamped. Defi-
ratus used in evaluating M13 filters for de. nite amounts of the air-smoke mixture may
termining smoke penetration and air re- be sent through three different paths. First,
sistance. a 1.13-c.f .m. sample may be sent to the scat-
tering chamber (47) as a 100 percent con-
2. OUTLINE OF METHOD centration. Second, a 0.175-c.f.m. sample ;.
2.1 Alr from 80- to 100-p.s.i. line is passed may be sent to the particle size me~r, called
through an air filter (37) (see fig. 8) and the Owl (23). Third, the entire flow may be
divided into two lines. The air in one line passed through the test filter, after which a
is reduced to about 10 p.s.i. by a pressure 1.13-c.f.m. sample of the stream, containing
regulator (38) and is used to operate three smoke which may have passed the filter, is
o TAGO 10064A 19
.
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
20 TACO IoOS4A
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
average of the four readings as the true read- (a) Exposure to room light ‘“ while
ing. An Owl reading of 29” indicates the power is applied from the indicator
correct particle size (about 0.3-micron aver. unit.
age diameter). If a low Ow,l reading is ob- (b) Exposure to strong light resulting
tained, increase the vapor-flow control (16 ) ; from 100 percent smoke in the
if a high reading is obtained, decrease the chamber without the light filter
control. Make another reading. When tbe (48) in place.
reading is witbin 2112” of 29°. make further
The light filter is lowered into place auto-
adjustments with the particle-size control
matically when the indicator-selector switch
(7) until a reading of 29” & 1“ is obtained.
is.tgrned to the 100 percent position. There-
Increasing the control setting decreases the
fore, neveF turn the selector valve to the 100
Owl reading. After adjustment is completed,
percerit position unless the indicator-selector
pull out the valve to the Owl.
switch is /turned to the 100 percent position.
6.3.4 Adjust the penetration sampling rn- Never press the operate huttnn unless a filter
tameter valve (24) until the top bevelled is in place or the indicator-selector switch is
edge of the float is level with the red line to in the 100 percent position.
obtain an air flow of 1.13 c.f.m. 6.2.1 The’ calibrate and read-volts positions
of the selector switch are for maintenance
6. TEST OPERATION—MANUAL purposes only. In the calibration pnsition
6.1 Turn the selector valve (29) to the air the meter should read approximately full
position. Turn on the percent-penetration scale. The meter should read 50 to 90 with
indicator (35) with the power switch (25). the switch in read-volts position.
Allow 5 minutes for warmup. Turn on the 6.3 Check particle size, test-flow manometer,
cell lamp (26 ) and set the hand-automatic meter-zern, stray-light, and 100 percent posi-
switch on HAND. tions as indicated in Section 5 and para-
graphs 6.1 and 6.2. Correct for any changes.
6.2 Turn the indicator-selector switch (27)
Set the indicator-selector switch to 100 per-
to meter zero. Adjust the meter-zero con-
cent and the selector valve to the penetration
trol (28 ) to set the meter pointer at zero.
position. Read the apparent filter resistance
Turn the indicator-selector switch to the 100
on the filter-resistance manometer (51 ) and
percent position. Place a test filter in pOsi-
convert to true filter resistance in accordance
tion and press the operate button. Turn the
with 8.1. Read the penetrating meter. If
selector valve to the 100 percent position.
the reading is less than 10, turn the selector
Adjust the meter to 100 with the coarse-and
switch to the 1.0 percent position. Now each
fine-gain controls (31 and 32). Turn the
division on the meter scale represents 0.02
selector valve back to air. Switch the indi-
percent DOP concentration. If the reading
cator-selector switch to the 0.1 per cent posi-
is less than 10 (0.1 percent) turn the switch
tion and adjust the meter to zero with the
to 0.1 percent and read the meter. Each
stray-light-compensation control (30). Re-
division nf the scale represents 0.002 percent
check and adjust the 100 percent and stray-
DOP penetration at this setting.
light settings if necessary. Whenever the
coarse- or fine-gain controls are moved, re- 6.4 Return the indicator-selector switch tn
kheck the stray -l&ht setting. The photocell the 100 percent position. Turn the selector
in the scattering chamber is extremely sensi- valve to the filter-clamp-ripen position and
tive and may lose its linearity or be per- press the release button (50). Smoke will
manently damaged by one of the following flow out the exhaust. Remove the tested filter
conditions: and insert the next test filter. Set the selec-
● TAGO 10C64A 21
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
tor valve to the penetration position and de- tration position and read the air-re~ista”ce
termine the smoke penetration for this filter manometer (51) in inches of water. Sub-
as outlined in 6.3. tract from this reading a blank reading
6.5 If a long series of tests are being made at previously determined by measuring the re-
one time, perform the tests in close sucms. sistance of the system with an empty filter
sion. Readjust the 100 percent setting as frame clamped in place (indicator-selector
required by generator fluctuations, and check switch in 100 percent position). The air-
the meter-zero and stray-light settings every resistance manometer reading less the blank
5 to 10 minutes. Check. particle size every reading is the true air resistance of the filter.
5 to 10 minutes. By turning the time switch . .
9. SHUT DOWN
(36) to TIME IN, the clamp will auto-
matically open about 7 seconds after it is 9.1 Turn the selector valve to FILTER
closed, giving time to read the resistance CLAMP OPEN and turn off the master
switch (8). Allow the equipment to cool for
and penetration. Change test filters and
press the operate button to start the next half an hour. Turn off the compressed air.
test period. If tests are not made in rapid Turn off the circuit. breaker after half an
succession, check particle-size and the 100 hour.
percent position before each test.
10. MAINTENANCE
6.6 Between a series of tests or tests which
10.1 Check the DOP level daily, when the
are spaced out, when the generator is on but
generator is hot, to see that it is between the
no tests are being made, set the selector
tw;o red marks. Do not add DOp “nIe.SS the
switch at meter zero and turn the selector
level is below the lower red mark when the
valve to the filter-clamp open position to flush
generator is at the operating temperature,
out the scattering chamber and divert the
Drain and replace the DOP at least once a
smoke out the exhaust.
month.
7. TEST OPERATION—AUTOMATIC 10.2 Check the light bulbs in the Owl and
7.1 Operation is essentially the same as man- scattering chamber daily.
ual, except as follows:
10.3 Drain the compressed-air-line filter twice
Turn the hand~automatic switch to
weekly by opening the drain cock located at
AUTOMATIC. Turn the selector
the bottom of the filter while the air pres.
valve to FILTER CLAMP OPEX
sure is on (37). The screen inside the filter
to open the clamp, and turn the
should be cleaned once a month. Turn off
valve to PENETRATION to close
the air pressure, unscrew the plug at the top
the clamp. Neither the release nor
of the filter and lift out the screen.
the operate button must be touched.
Make all adjustments and readings 10.4 Oil (SAE No. 10) should be added to the
in accordance with 6.1 through lubricator weekly.
6.4 as usual. Check meter zero,
10.5 The cirip legs (49) should be opened once
stray light, 100 percent position,
a day and any accumulated DOP drained.
and particle size every 5 to 10
Be sure to close the cocks before continuing
minutes.
operation.
8. MEASUREMENT OF AIR 10.6 The relief valve (52) must be slightly
RESISTANCE open if smoke particles of the proper size are
8.1 To obtain air resistance of a filter at its to be obtained. The valve is set correctly
rated flow, set the selector valve at the pene. when the unit is first tested but may be
22 TACO 10,6, A
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MIL-STD-282
X May 1956
changed during shipment or use. The valve relief valve and check that the meter reads
may he set during normal operation of the 100 percent. While another person watches
unit. Place a test filter in the clamp and the meter, slowly open the relief valve until
turn the selector valve and indicator switch the needle begins to move down from 100
to the 100 percent positions. Shut off the percent. This is the correct setting.
TACO IMW4A 23
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.. .
Mlk-ST&282
28 Ma~ .1956
*
24 TAGO 10061A
.
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
.’ ,
.!
.,.,’
TACO 1006!A
25
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MIL-STD-282
28 Mav 1956
,.
26 TACO 10064A
a
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
I
—
MI L-sTD-282
28 May 1956
28 TAGO 10084A
ml
IE=I
II II II
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II 11~1
-11
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1
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.
4ri I
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I
TACO 10064A 29
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MI L-STD-282
. . .
28 May 1956
l,agend_Figures 8 througlL 8
TACO IO064A
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MI1-STD-282
28 May 1956
Methad 102.8
,. ,-
DOP.SMOKE PENETRATION
OF AEROSOL-FILTER ELEMENT
TAGO 10064A 31
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1.
MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
..
‘ .,
TAG(J 10064A
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MI1-STD-282
28 May 1956
Methad 102.9.1
SUPERSEDING
Method 102.9
30 October 1952
1. SCOPE 3. APPAHATWS
1.1 This method describes the operating prc- 3.1 The apparatus employed in the test is il-
cedure for the E18 smoke penetrometer in lustrated in figure 9. All parts designated
evaluating the smoke penetration and air hy number in the text correspond to the parts
resistance of filters. shown on the figure (see legend). The ap-
paratus functions esseutiaI1y as follows:
2. OUTLINE OF METHOD
3.1.1 Clean air is supplied by motor blower
2.1 Room air is drawn through a filter pre- (2) through air filter (1).
cleaned at approximately 1200 c.f.m. and
divided into three streams. A vapor stream 3.1.2 A portion of the incoming air is con-
flows at approximately 85 c.f.m. through a trolled by damper (6), diverted through the
duct where it is heated, and passes over the hot air duct, and measured with a flowmeter
surf ace of liquid DOP ( dioctyl phthalate) ; consisting of orifice (7) and draft gage (58).
The air passes into the insulated potilon of
a second stream (quenching) flows at ap-
● proximately 265 c.f.m. through a duct where the hot air line and is heated by 36 electric
it is cooled, then slightly heated. The mix- fin. heaters (10, 11), to a temperature of
ing of the vapor and quenching streams about 400”F. These heaters are located in
forms an aerosol of DOP, the particle size bays 1, 2, and 3. Twelve fin-strip heaters,
located in bay 1, are controlled by an ad-
of which is relative to the temperature dif-
ference of the vapor and quenching air ju~table thermostat (84) to produce an air
temperature of about 400°F. Eight of the
streams. A third stream (diluent, main.
twelve fin-strip heaters located in bay 2 are
duct) flows at approximately 850 c.f.m. into
connected directly to the power line and four
the mixing chamber where it dilutes and uni-
are adjusted by means of variac #1 (50).
formly disperses the smoke-laden air passing
Eight of the twelve fin-strip heaters located
from its vapor and quenching air streams.
in bay 3 are connected directly to the power
2.2 During test the smoke is taken from the line and fo~r are adjusted by means of
mixing chamber into a test air stream at a variac #2 (51). After being heated, the air
rate of flow equal to the rated capacity of the is impinged on the surface of liquid DOP in
test filter. The smoke which passes through reservoir (14). The DOP is in turn heated
the test filter is measured by the percent- by strip generator-jacket heaters (13), and
penetration indicator. immersion heaters (12 ). The strip heaters
are adjusted by means of variac #3 (52).
2.3 The particle size of the smoke is deter- The immersion heaters, controlled by means
mined by passing a sample of the smoke of therm oregulator (16) and a relay, hold
through the particle-size meter, OWL, and ~he DOP to a constant temperature of 390°
noting the degree of polarization of a light & 2“F. As the heated air passes over the
beam. surface of the hot DOP it becomes saturated
TAGO 1OC$.4A 33
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MI L-STD-282
28 May- ~956
with DOP vapor, and when it strikes the OPEN position, another set of microswitchei
cooler quenching air stream a liquid smoke is actuated, the blast gate (20) is opened,
is formed. A second portion of the air from and blast gate (23) is closed, and the clamp
motor blower (2) is controlled by damper (29)’ is released. In the FILTER CLAMP
(4), diverted through the quenching air line, OPEN position the air-smoke mixture passes
cooled to approximately 650 F. in air cooler into the stack (21 ) and room air is drawn
(6), and measured with a flowmeter con. by the vacuum system through filter (76)
sisting of orifice (8) and draft gage (59). flushing out the scattering chamber (68).
The temperature is held from 70” to 72”F. The OPERATE and RELEASE push but-
by electric fin-strip heaters (18) located in tons (48), mounted on the instrument panel
bay 4, which are adjusted by means of variac may be used to operate air cylinders (24),
. .
#4 (53). Each of the four variacs used to (25), and (31) and filter clamp (29) inde-
control the heaters have pilot lights (49) in pendently of the selector valve (45) When
their circuits to indicate whether the voltage the MANUAL-AUTOMATIC toggle switch
is on or off. The quenching and saturated (80) isthrown tothe MANUAL position. . .
vapor-air streams mix, forming the liquid
3.1.4 A sampling line connects the test
smoke, and immediately passes into the mix-
plenum (27) to the draft gage (55) to ob-
ing chamber ( 19). A third portion (diluent)
tainthe air resistance of thetesttilter (28)
of the air from the motor blower (2) is con-
at the rated air flow.
trolled by blast gate (3), diverted through
the diluent air line, and measured with a 3.1.5 A sampling line carries smoke from
flowmeter consisting of orifice (9) and draft the test plenum (27), (the filter influent),
gage (60). From the orifice the air passes to the Owl (43), which”is used in the meas-
into the mixing chamber (19). urement of the particle size of the DOP
aerosol. By opening and adjusting valve
3.1.3 The smoke passes through the mixing
(44) toan airflow of 1.13 c. f.m., then open-
chamber ( 19) where it is diluted and uni-
ing valve (42) to full flow, smoke is drawn
formly mixed. Blast gates (20) and (23),
through the Owl at the proper rate of flow.
are actuated by air cylinders (25) and (24),
Valve (88) is preset to pass 0.18 c.f.m.
respectively. The compressed air that op-
through the Owl. When valve (42) is open
erates the air cylinder (24 ) and (25) is con-
and valve (44) is correctly set, draft gage
trolled electrically by a microswitch attached
(56) will read 1.13 c.f.m. No penetration
to the 4-way selector valve (45). When the
measurements should be made while the Owl
selector valve (45) is set in the 100 percent,
is being used. The Owl containsa 50-candle-
air, or penetration positions, blast gate (20)
power automobile headlight bulb (65) as the
closes and (23) opens, and the air-smoke
source of light, a!ens, a bipartite disk (64),
mixture passes through a flowmeter which
a scale (63), and pointer.
consists of orifice (26) and draft gage (54),
then through the test plenum (27 ) and into 3.1.6 Filtered smoke passes through the
the test filter: The air cylinder (31) which sampling line and selector valve (45) to the
clamps the test filter (28) in place is actu. scattering chamber (68) for the smoke-
ated at the same time and by the same penetration test. Unfiltered smoke passes
mechanism as air cylinders (24) and (25). through the selector valve and scattering
Blast gate ,(22) is set partially open to allow chamber for calibration for the percent-
just enough air-smoke mixture to pass from penetration indicator. An air filter (76) is
the mixing chamber to maintain the rated mounted on the sampling line intake to flush
::, air flow of the test filter. When the selector out the scattering chamber (68) when com-
valve (45) is moved to the FILTER CLAMP pensating for stray light.
34 TAGO 10064A
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
TAGCl ,“064,4 35
●
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28 May 1956 .
.:,
I
36 TACO 1W4A
●
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
●
tested filter and insert the next test filter. (46). Throw off disconnect switches (83).
1 Set ,, selector valve (45) to the penetration
posltlon and determine the smoke penetra- 10. NOTES ON MAINTENANCE
tion of this filter as outlined in 8.1. 10.1 Chsck DOP level daily. Fill to the etched
8.3 If a long series of tests are being made mark in glass gage (15) through filling cock
at one time, perform the tests in close suc- (17).
cession, checking the setting of the 100 per. 10.1.1 Drain and replace the DOP at least
cent position (see ‘7.2) as the fluctuations of once every month.
the generator require. Readjust meter-zero
10.2 Check the light bulb (65) in the Owl and
and stray-light settings as outlined in 7.2.
bulb (69) in the scattering chamber daily.
Generally, once every 5 to 10 minutes will
suffice. Check and adjust the smoke-particle 10.3 Drain the compressed-air-line filter twice
size every 5 to 10 minutes, if necessary. If weekly by opening the drain cock locatsd at
the series of tests on the filters are not made the bottom of tbe filter while the air pressure
in rapid succession, check the particle-size is on.
and the 100-percent position (see 7.2) just 10.3.1 The screen inside tbe compressed air
before each test. filter should be cleaned once a month. Turn
8.4 Between a series of tests or between indi- off the air pressure, unscrew the plug at the
vidual tests of an intermittent program, top of the filter and lift out the screen.
when the smoke generator is on but no tests 10.4 Oil (SAE No. IO) should be added to the
are being made, set the indicator-selector lubricator weekly.
TACO 10064A 37
●
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MIL-STD-282
28 MOY 1956
,
:
3
Air filter, blower-intake.
fIlotoY b[owcv, air-supply.
Blast gate, di]uent-a]~-h.e, main-duct.
5s, Draft Kage, test-plenum.
56, Draft gage, acattiri”g.chamb-er.
37. Draft gage, blower-intake.
-
a
i: l)ampcr, quenchn,,g, atv-line. 58. Draft g?,ge, preheater.
.~. Damper, hot-air-l]ne. .;9. Draft gage, q“enchi”g. air. c
(;. Air cooler, que,, ching, air-line. GO. Draft gage, me.imd”ct, diluent.nir.
Orifice, hot-air-line. 61. Eyepiece, Owl.
:: Orifice, quenchin~, air-line. 62, Polaroid Iems, adjustable.
9. Orifice, dllue”t-+]r-hne. 63. Scale, Owl!
1u. Air keztem, ad].statde-voltage. 64. Sdit rmdaroid Iem.
11. Air heaters, tltermostit-contr.l. 65. Lamp,” owl.
12. I)OP heaters. immersion. 66. Orifice, sampling-air.
13. l)OP keaters, strip, generator-jacket 67. Photo ,,)[,
14. Iles.ervoir, I) OP. G8, Scattering chamber.
1.3, Level zage, glass. 69. La”ID, scatterin~.charnber.
16. Thermoregukitm, DOP.ternpearture. 70. Li hi” filter, pa~orated. plate.
17. Filling cock , I)OP. 11. so~enono;~h;;;f~,ter,
18. Air heaters , quenching, air-line. ’72.
19 Mixing chn ,mber. 73, Micrmwitcti: air-cylinder: clmnpklosed.
20. :&k,g.ate, stack. 74, Vah s., air-electromaznetrc.
21, 75. Knob, selector.vaWe. -
Z. Rlast gate, test-air-line. 76. Air filter, Chemical-Corps.
23. Blast gate, shut-off. 77. Thermometer, hot-air-line.
’24. Air cylinde) r, Mast-gate, test-air-lima. 78. Tbemvxnetir, DOP.rese.rvoic.
25. Air cy~lnder, stack, blast-gate. 79. Thermometer, qwnching.aii.
26. 80. Switch, toggle,: rnanual-autonlatic.
?7. 81. Micr.switch, alr.cyhnder, clmnp-opem
’28. 82. .Mimoswitch. Owl.
29. 83. Switches, discomwct.
30. 84. Thernmstm, adjustable, hot-air, bay-l.
31. 85. Pressure gage, air-cylinders.
3’2. 86. Transitmn pmce, samph”g.
33. Meter scale, mici.oamrneter, 87. Switch panel.
34. KmdI, fine-gain, 0 Circuit l—ll@lt, ~rce”t.penetration.mete*.
3.-,. ,Switch, indicator-s,elector. 1> Civcuit 2—1 la-volt, scattering-chamber, light.
36. ?,witch, indicator-pmver. and filter.mle”oid.
●
37. hnob, stray-light, eompensaticm, c. Circuit 3—115-iwlt, Owl-light.
X8. Indtcator unit, ~rcent-pe”etm.tion. d. Circuit 4—115..olt, v*c”um.p”nI
3!). Knob, mw.rse.gam. e. Circuit 5—1 15-volt, thermoregu fator and im.
$0. KmiA n,etc,.zem. n)ersion-heaters,
41, Jark, extmmal.meter. .f. CiJcui,t 6—115.vcdt, Electroaiw valves.
42. valve, owl. u. Clrcult 7—9X0-volt, variac 4 and heater%, bay.4.
43, owl. h, Circuit 8—230-volt, coil o“ main con f.actor,
44. Valve, watteriu~.chan, b?+r heater and ecpipment, master-switch,
4.?. Selector valve, 4,v.Y. i. Gp’cyit 9—230-volt, \.ariac 3 a“d ge”eyator.
46. Push buttons, ,,wtor-bloweti, START md STOP. jafke t-heater,
47. P%lot light, i,>,t>,ersion.heater, ON. j. CIrcm,t 10—230-volt, varinc 2 and heaters, bay.3.
.18, Push buttons, nir.cyl,i”de~, operate a“d wleas% k. Circu,t 11—230-volt, VallaC 1 tmd heater, bsy.2.
4!). Pilot l~xhts, heater-ctrcutt. /. $jil-y~t 12—230. volt, thermostat a“d hga~r,
50. VaIiac 1, fin-l, eatem, hot-nir, hay-2.
:?1. Variac 2, fin-heaters, hot-air, bay-3. m. Staiter, moto]-blower.
32. Var~?.c 3, generator- jacket-heater, DOP. n. Starter, reset-button.
53. Var,ac 4. fin-l,c::tem quen.hi.g-ai~, bay-4. 88. Needle valve.
54. Drcft gaKe, testing-orifice. 89. Release valve.
MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 4
Method 105.11
ROUGH HANDLING OF PARTICULATE FILTERS, ADSORBENT UNITS, COLLECTIVE
PROTECTORS, AND SIMILAR ITEMS
The application of this test method will not be restricted to one particular apparatus.
3. PROCEDURE
4. NOTES
4.1 Approved safety procedures shall be ob-
● served while performing tests.
—
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956,
TACO IOOWA 41
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MIL-ST~282
NOTICE 4
Method 204.1.2
MUSTARD RESISTANCE OF IMPERMEABLE MATERIALS
(STATIC-DIFFUSION METHOD)
43
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. .
MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 4
44
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MIL-STW282
NOTICE 4
The end of the test occurs when the first visible blue cause of excess variation is identified and cor-
●
color appears where the paper was spotted. If the rected; a contingency plan for such situations
blue color first appears at the outer edge of the spots should be documented and made available for labo-
and moves inward, suspect a false break from va- ratory personnel conducting thetest. These proce-
pors inside the apparatus instead of from agent per- dures apply only to those materials for which an
meation through the specimen. The time interval SRM is available.
between the instant the mustard is placed on the 6.1.2 SRMS should also be used for proficiency
specimen and the first visible appearance of blue on testing of contract laboratories during their pre–
the spotted portion of the indicator paper is termed certification process and for continuing certifica-
the mustard resistance of the material, tion to conduct this test.
5.3 Decontamination. After the test is com- 6.2 Blank. Inaddition tothe SRM, a blank must
pleted, clean the equipment for reuse by following be tested with each sample batch, the blank being a
standing operating procedures that are in effect at sample carried through the entire test without mus-
the facility performing the testing. It is necessaxy tard being added. The purpose of the blank is to de-
that al i items contaminated with mustard be thor- termine if any chemicals emanate from the sample
oughly decontaminated, and the reusable items, material during the test and cause a positive reac-
such as glass plates and cover glasses, be decontam- tion with the S–328, give the blue color and, there-
inated and cleaned to the extent that there is no re- fore, act as a false positive.
sidual mustard that might affect personnel or the
indicator paper used in subsequent testing. 7. NOTES
7.1 Mustard produces severe blister action in
● 6. QUALITY
6.1 Standard
CONTROL
reference material.
botb the liquid and vapor phases. All mustard con-
tainers should be kept in a well ventilated hood
6.1.1 For each type of material test using this meth- when not in use. Great care should be exercised to
od, a standard reference material (SRM) should be prevent either the liquid mustwd or its vapor from
made available for the laboratory to use a means of coming in contact with the body.
quality control of within day and between day var- 7.2 Personnel should wear butylrubber glovesin
ation, The SRM should simulate the sample materi- all operations involving the handling of mustard.
al to be tested as closely as possible with respect to The glove protocol in effect for the standing operat-
formulation and ideally break after the sample ma- ing procedures being used should be strictly ob-
terial. A sufficient volume of any lot of an SRM served.
should be available to allow the laboratory to test
7.3 If the material tested contains a compound
SRM samples on successive days to establish a data
that reacts with S–328, a false end point is obtained.
base, a statistical quality control chart with control
Protective dubbing is an example of such a materi-
limits and, thereafter, to test the SRM during each
al. Thus, leather impregnates, such as dubbing, can-
test of sample materials for a period of at least six
not be tested for mustard resistance using
months. Aminimumoftwo SRM samples should
S–328–spotted congored paper and watching for
be tested each time and results plotted on control
the blue spots to appear. The mustard resistance of
charts with established quality control limits. If
materials such as dubbing impregnated leather may
these limits are breached, sample data should be
be measured by using DB–3 indicator paper in
● considered
Supersedes
invalid and the test repeated
page 45 of MIL–STG282
after the
Method 204.1.2
45
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NOTICE 4
A. Heating element
B. Fans
C. Bed of Chorcool
D. Themoregulotor
E. Mirrar
F. Drawers [each holds 20 samples)
G. Windaw
46
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
“D’’’’AN’’N’
/
L~EmovA6~EGLASS
‘LIWIZJ
pLATE
VESICAIVT
IN DRAWER
TACO ,0C64A 47
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MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 4
Method 209.1
MUSTARD RESISTANCE OF IMPERMEABLE MATERIALS
(STATIC-DIFFUSION METHOD)
The application of this test method will not be restricted to one particular apparatus,
1. SCOPE
1.1 This method describes a static diffusion
method for determining the mustard resistance of
impermeable materials as required by applicable
specifications.
2. PRECAUTIONS
2.1 Since mustard is extremely toxic in both the
liquid and vapor phases, tests using this agent shall
be conducted only in testing facilities meeting safe-
● “
ty requirements for the handling of mustard as pres-
ented in AMCR 385–31.
3. PROCEDURE
3.1 Place sample horizontally in a suitable con-
tainer that provides an air chamber above the sam-
ple and another below it. The upper chamber shall
be small enough to preclude significant evapora-
tion. Provide ports for allowing room air to be
drawn across the underside of the sample. Cover a
known area of at least 20 cm2 of the top surface of
the sample with distilled liquid mustard of 95–per-
cent or greater purity. Draw air across the bottom of
the sample and continuously analyze the effluent
for agent. Record the time at the moment agent is
placed upon the sample and the time a cumulative
amount of agent of 4 y/cm2 is measured in the ef-
fluent. The test shall be carried out at 22° * 2°C.
The analyzer shall be capable of measuring a per-
meation ratio of at least 0.5 y/cm2 per minute. The
48A
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MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 4
Method 205
VX RESISTANCE OF IMPERMEABLE MATERIALS
(STATIC-DIFFUSION METHOD)
48B
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MIL-STB282
NOTICE 4
48C
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MIL–STW282
NOTICE 4
7. NOTES
7.1 VX is a nerve agent of extremely low vapor
pressure. All containers should be kept closed in a
well ventilated hood when not in use. Great care
must be exercised to prevent liquid VX from com-
ing in contact with the body.
7.2 Personnel should wear butyl rubber gloves in
all operations involving the handling of VX. The
glove protocol in effect for the standing operating
procedures being used should be strictly observed.
7.3 If the services of a contracted commercial
laboratory are to be procured for performance of
this test method, certification of such laboratory
must be initiated and maintained by the government
during the contractual period. As a source of techni-
cal expertise regarding this test method, the gover-
nmentcertifying body is to utilize the services of the
48D
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MIL–STD-282
NOTICE 4
Method 206.1.3
GB RESISTANCE OF IMPERMEABLE MATERIALS
(STATIC-DIFFUSION METHOD)
1. SCOPE 5. PROCEDURE
1.1 This method describes a static diffusion 5.1 Preparation of test specimens. Die or cut
method for determining the GB vapor resistance of the required number of disks from the sample,
impermeable materials. approximately 2–1/4 inches in diameter.
49
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MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 4
bottle and invert the breeding bottle onto the empty tains the side of the specimen opposite to the side
transfer bottle. Gmsp the necks of the two bottles,
tap the transfer bottle on the rubber pad until the
intended to be challenged with the GB.
5.4 Addition of GB. Support the Q171 test ap-
●
flies have been shaken into the transfer bottle. Set paratus in a device that holds the bottom cup down-
the tmnsfer bottle on a firm surface, lift tbe breeding wards to enable addition of GB to the top cup (the
bottle and quickly cover the transfer bottle with a flies are now in the bottom cup). W!th a dropping
thin flat metal plate approximately 4 inches square. device, such as Pasteur piper, transfer 3 drops
Insert the stopper back into the mouth of the breed- (approximately 0.1 gm) of liquid GB having a
ing bottle. Take another breeding bottle, tap the bot- minimum purity of 95–percent onto the center of
tom on the rubber pad, remove the stopper and the specimen. Immediately place a glass stopper in
invert the breeding bottle onto the metal plate cov- the opening of the top cup. Note the time when the
ering the transfer bottle. Pull out the metal plate, al- GB is placed upon the specimen. Set theQ171 test
lowing the mouth of the breeder bottle to cover the
apparatus, with flies and GB, on the rack provided
mouth of the transfer bottle, and shake the flies in the hood. Observe the appwatus until half the
down into the transfer bottle as before. (This tech- flies show no motion. It may be necessary to jog the
nique prevents the escape of the flies during the
aPP~atus to aSCertaiII that the flies me indeed mo-
transfer.) Continue this procedure until the bulk of tionless. The time in minutes elapsed from initial
the flies is 1/4 to 3/8 inch deep in the transfer bottle. contact of the GB with the specimen until half the
If the bulk of the flies is greater than 3/8 inch deep, flies are completely paralyzed is the GB resistance
trmspiration of water vapor from the flies will of the test material.
cause fogging on the glass walls of the bottle, with
loss of flies when they stick to the wet surface.
5.5 Blank. Since the test flies are quite sensitive
to the environment, it is necessary that a blank be
●
When sufficient flies have been transfemed, bold
run concurrently with each set of determinations.
the metal plate and tap the bottle to keep the flies on
Prepare and run the blank in the same manner as the
the bottom. Quickly remove the metal plate and in-
resistance test units, except place no GB on the
sert a rubber stopper into the mouth of the transfer
specimen.
bottle. This robber stopper bas a l/4+ch Teflon
tube inserted through a hole in the stopper just to the 6. DECONTAMINATION
bottom. Plug this tube with a cotton swab to prevent
6.1 After the test is completed, clean and decon-
escape of flies. To transfer the flies from the bottle
taminate the test equipment according to the meth-
to the Q171 test apparatus, remove the swab, insert
od prescribed in the standing operating procedures
the tube into the opening of the cup that will house
being used.
the flies and gently tap the stopper against the cup
until about 20 flies have been transfemed. Remove 7. NOTES
the transfer bottle to the next test cup and quickly 7.1 The insect species used in this testis Droso-
insert a porous plug into the first test cup opening. phila melanogaster, which can be obtained from bi-
Continue until all test cups have been inoculated ological supply establishments (i.e. Carolina
with flies. The Q171 test appmatus should be sup- Biological Supply Co, Burlington, NC) in the form
ported in a device that holds the bottom cup up- of culture vials. Directions for rearing flies me fur-
wards to enable receiving the flies from the transfer nished by these establishments. The following pro-
bottle, the flies are introduced into the cup that con- cedures have been found satisfactory for rearing
●
Supersedes page 50 of Notice 3 Method 206.1.3
50
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MIL-STP282
NOTICE 4
fruit flies, but are not mandatory. The following bottles every day in order that the supply of flies for
formula is sufficient for about 30 l/2–pint bottles. tests will be adequate. Place the breeding bottles
into an incubator (20° – 25° C) for 14 days. At
Distilled water 2000 rnL 21 “C, a fresh culture will prcduce new adults in 2
Karo syrup (corn syrup) 270 mL weeks: 8 days in the egg and larval stages, and 6
Cornmeal (white arid yellow) 200 gm days in the pupal stage. Higher temperatures will
Agar 30 gm accelerate the life cycle of the flies. The adult fruit
flies may live for several weeks. The day after the
Pour one liter of distilled water into a &prt con- egg is laid, the larva hatches. The larva molts twice;
tainer and heat to boiling. Measure syrup into a after the second molt the cuticle hardens and dark-
50tlmL beaker and dilute with distilled water to ens to become the pupa. The pupa begins to darken
500 mL; pour it into the boiling water. Use some of just prior to the emergence of an adult fly, When the
the boiling water to wash the syrup residue from the fly emerges, it is light in color, the wings are unex-
beaker, then use some of the rest of the cold water to panded, and the abdomen is long. In a few hours the
remove all traces of syrup from the beaker. Weigh wings expand, the abdomen becomes more rotund,
the cornmeal (1 part yellow, 1 part white) and the and the color gradually darkens. A female can start
agar into a 1000-mL beaker and mix well. Add cold laying eggs 2 days after emerging. After maturity,
water and stir. Remove some of the boiling syrop- flies are fertile as long as they live. Flies should be
water mixture and add it to the cornmeal slurry. Add at least 3 days old before they are used in this test.
the slurry to the boiling syr-upwater mixture over a Do not use flies from bottles that are 30 or more
period of 15 seconds. Rinse the beaker and add the days old. Bottles to be used for raising flies should
remainder of the water and rinsate to the boiling be thoroughly cleaned and washed in hot soapy wa-
mixture. Gently boil for 10 minutes. Pour the ter. After rinsing to remove all traces of soap, dry
cooked media into each bottle to a level of 32 mm. the bottles, preferably in an oven. Sterilize the
Let the bottles cool. When the bottles feel just warm bottles under ultraviolet light to kill all mold spores
to the touch, add one small cake of fresh yeast (in and other parasites. If mold grows in a breeding
date, with no mold spots); alternatively, just prior to bottle, destroy the entire contents, since flies can
use, add 1/&teaspoon of dry yeast to cover surface. cq mold from one bottle to another. Mold can de.
To provide more area for fly pupae, a strip of folded plete an entire colony of flies and great pain must be
paper or mesh maybe added to the bottle. The pre- taken to avoid contamination by molds or other pM-
pared bottles of media can be stored up to 2 weeks in asites.
a refrigerato~ in this case do not add the yeast until
ready to start a colony, Bring the temperature of the
media to room temperature before use. Altemative-
Iy, Instant Drosophila Medium, Formula 425, can
be used. To start a colony, add some flies to pre-
pared breeding bottles and insert porous plugs into
the mouths. The plugs must be made of a material
that is harmless to flies, Mark the bottles with the
date that the flies are added. Start as many breeding
bottles as the workload requires. Start new breeding
50A
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.. . . .
MII-STB282
NOTICE 4
●
GROUND GLASS
STOPPER
Jr
LASS CUP
WAXED SEAL
GROUND SURFACES
ON EACH CUP
FRUIT FL I
~FOAM sTOppER
51
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NOTICE 4
Method 208.1
GB RESISTANCE OF IMPERMEABLE MATERIALS
(STATIC-DIFFUSION METHOD)
The application of this test method will not be restricted to one particukw apparatus.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This method describes a static diffusion
method for determining the GB resistance of im-
permeable materials as required by applicable spec-
ifications.
2. PRECAUTIONS
2.1 Since GB is extremely toxic in both the liquid
and vapor phases, tests using this agent shall be con-
ducted only in testing facilities meeting safety re-
quirements for the handling of GB as presented in
AMCR 385-102.
3. PROCEDURE
3.1 Place sample horizontally in a suitable con-
tainer that provides an air chamber above the sam-
ple and another below it. The upper chamber shall
be small enough to preclude significant evapora-
tion. Provide ports for allowing room air to be
drawn across the underside of the sample. Cover a
known area of at least 20 cmz of the top surface of
the sample with stabilized GB of 90-percent or
greater purity. Draw air across the bottom of the
sample and continuously analyze the effluent for
agent. Record the time at the moment agent is
placed upon the sample and the time a cumulative
amount of agent of 1.25 y/cm2 is measured in the
effluent. The test shall be carried out at 22° +
2“C. The analyzer shall be capable of measuring a
permeation ratio of at least 0.14 y/cm2 per minute.
The differential pressure across the sample dur-
ing the test shall not exceed 0.01 atmosphere.
●
Supersedes pages 52A and 52B of Notice 1 Method 208.1
52A
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MIL-STD-282\
28 May 1956
Method 207.1
. .
LIQUID-VESICANT RESISTANCE OF
IMPERMEABLE MATERIALS (STATIC-DIFFUSION METHODJ
TAGO ,00,4A 53
.
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28 May 1956
●
inch thick and slightly larger than the ring. vesicant containers should be kept in a well
Push the drawers in and aRow the glass and ventilated hood when not in use, Great care
specimens to reach approximately 30 “C. should be exercised to prevent either the
5.2 Testing. Pull out the drawers, lift off the liquid or vapor from coming in contact with
plastic disks, and place on each specimen the body.
approximately 0.150 grn. (approximately 6.2 Personnel should wear M3 protective im-
four drops) of liquid vesicant of at least 95 permeable gloves in aR operations involving
percent purity. (See 6.1 and 6.2.) Recover the handling of vesicants. The rubber
each sample with the plastic disks and push gloves should be decontaminated after each
in the drawers. Inspect the indicator paper use: for GB, use a caustic wash and water
at l/2.hour intervals by liftlng the test speci- rinse; for mustard, dip in a solution of
men off the paper with tongs. The end point RH–195 in acetone and hang in hood to dry.
is reached when the first visible red color ap- Gloves used with mustard should be thor-
pears on the paper. The time interval be. oughly decontaminated after every five
tween the instant the vesicant is placed on washings by placing them in a 5 percent so-
the specimen and the first inspection period lution of sodium carbonate at 100”C. for
when a red color is noted on the indicator one-half hour. Gloves should be thoroughly
paper is termed the liquid-vesicant resistance decontaminated immediately u p o n any
of the material. (See 6.4. ) known contamination. After removal of the
gloves, the hands should be washed with
5.3 Decontamination. After the test is corn.
soap and cool water. In case of accidental
pleted, clean the equipment for reuse as fol-
contamination of tbe skin with mustard, the
lows: Remove the glass trays containing the
hands may be dipped in a solution of RH-195
specimens and place them under a ventilated
in acetone, or the solution may be applied to
hood. Remove the test samples and indicator
the affected area with a cotton swab.
paper, using tongs, and place them in a
waxed cardboard container which should be 6.3 After mounting, cellophane and some
burned as soon as practicable in a safe place. paper specimens should be conditioned in a
Alternatively decontaminate in a bath of stream of air at 65 percent relative humidity,
concentrated nitric acid for mustard or 15 for a period of 48 hours at 20” to 30”C. The
percent sodium hydroxide for GB. Then relative humidity over saturated sodium ni-
place the material in a waxed cardboard con- trite solution has been found to give ~atjs-
tainer for disposal. Clean mustard-con- factory results in this temperature range.
taminated glass trays by placing in boiling Nonhygroscopic samples may be tested as re-
hot water, under the hood, for at least one- ceived.
half hour, then wash in running bot water 6.4 In determining resistance to liquid vesi-
and dry. Place GB-contaminated trays in cants, care should be taken to distinguish be.
caustic solution for at least 10 minutes, then tween an overall change of the M6 indicator
wash in running hot water and dry. paper to a dull red, and the appearance of
bright orange-red spots. The appearance of
6. NOTES spots is indicative of a liquid break, whereas
6.1 Handling vesicants in either the liquid or the general color change may indicate a high
the vapor phase is extremely hazardous: All vapor concentration.
54 TAQO LCW4A
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MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
Method 502.1.1
SUPERSEDING
Method 502.1
30 October 1952
DOP.SMOKE PENETRATION
OF GAS-MASK CANISTERS
1. SCOPE 3. APPARATUS
1.1. This method describes the operating pro- 3.1 The apparatus used for the test is shown
cedure for the E27 DOP-smoke-penetration in figure 14. Figures 14 to 24 show separate
views of the apparatus. All parts used dur-
meter in evaluating the smoke penetration
ing the operation of the machine are desig-
of the Ml 1 and ND-C–1 canisters.
nated by number. Numbers in parentheses
used in this method refer to the parts shown
2. OUTLINE OF METROD
on figures. (See legend. )
2.1 Clean, dry air at 7 p.s.i. gage is divided
into two streams; one stream (vapor) flows 4. REAGENTS AND MATERIALS
at 20 liters per minute through a preheater, 4.1 Dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The dioctyl
then into the smoke generator over tbe sur- p h t h a I a t e (di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate) of
face of liquid DOP (dioctyl phthalate) which Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, sold
is maintained at 172” & O.l”C., while the under the trade name “Flexol” plasticizer
other stream ( diluent ) bypasses the smoke DOP is used in the smoke-generator unit.
generator at 80 liters per minute. The mix- Any equivalent grade of DOP may be used.
ing of the streams forms a liquid smoke, tbe
particle size of which is controlled by adjust- 5. PREPARATION OF APPARATUS
ing the temperature of the diluent air stream. 5.1 General. The preparation of E27 smoke-
The smoke then flows to the stabilization penetration meter for operation consists of
chamber where it is aged. opening air, water, and vacuum lines, warm-
ing up electrical heaters and equipment, and
2.2 During the test, the smoke is drawn by
calibrating tine electronic testing units.
vacuum with i head of 127 mm. (5 inches)
of mercury from the stabilization chamber. 5.2 Primary operation. (See figures 15, 16,
It enters the test fixture at a rate of 32 liters and 17. )
per minute for the Mll canister and 16 5.2.1 Open complet.iy air-intake valve (1)
liters per minute for the ND–C–1 canister. and water-drain valve (3). Open water-in-
The smoke that passes through the test filter take valve (2) slightly until the gage mark
is measured by the percent-penetration indi- on valve (2) is opposite pointer. Adjust
cator.
pressure regulator (64 ) by means of handle
at top until pressure gage (65) registers 7
2.3 The particle size of the smoke is deter- fr.s.i. Adjust pressure regulator (60) by
mined by passing a sample of the smoke handle at top until gage (61) registers 20
through the smoke-particle-size indicator and p.s.i.
noting the degree of polarization of a scat- 5.2.2 Adjust vacuum-control valve (5) until
tered light beam.’. the top of the float in vacuum flowmeter (10)
TAGO m64A 55
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Ml L–STD-282
!28 May 1956
is even with the line designating 32 liters per Note. Adjustnlent of either 20 liters per minute
flow or 80 liters per minute flow will affect the other;
minute. Adjust cliluent-control valve (6)
therefore, final settings must be made by alternate
until the top of the float in diluent flowmeter adjustments of the two valves so that the liquid-
(9) is even with the line designating 10 heater indicator lights (17 ) will flash o“ and off at
liters per minute. Adjust vapor-control aPPrOXiIIIately equal intervals. If the liquid-heater-on
valve (7) until the “top of the float in vapor pilot light remains iighted for a longer period than
flowmeter (8) is even with the line desig- the off indicator, the jacket-and-air-heater control
should he turned to a slightly higher reading (by
nating 20 liters per minute. not more than one scale division at a time) Wait
5.2.3 Throw on disconnect switch (21). Push several ~,inutes for the tempw atum to st p.bilize
itself before further adj”stme”t. If the liquid-
START hutton of master switch (15). Set heater-on pilot light remains lighted for a shorter
the jacket-and-air-heater control (13) to 50 period than the off light, the iacket-and-~ir-heater
(or the setting found satisfactory during control should be turned to a slightly lower reading
previous operation). (by not mom than one scale division at a time).
Once tbe correct setting is obtained, the jacket-a”d-
5.2.4 Turn the warmup timer (12) to 10 air-heater control should be nmintaincd at this value
minutes. After the warmup pilot light (18) unless the light alternation changes.
has shut off, turn on power switch (26) on 5.2.6 Open flushing air valve (56) until a posi.
the smoke-particle-size indicator and power tive flow of air, as felt by hand, escapes from
switch (37 ) on the percent-penetration indi- the lower jaw of chuck (57),
cator. Approximately 15 minutes additional
time will be required for the DOP to warm up 5.3 Adjustment of particle-size indicator
to normal operating temperature. Arrival at after operating temperature has been
operating temperature is indicated by the reached. (See figures 14, 19, 20 and 23. )
liquid-heater pilot light (17) changing from
5.3.1 In subsequent operations where adjust-
ON to OFF. If, at the end of 30 minutes,
ment of control units is obtained by bringing
the penetration meter has not reached op-
meter (35) to the zero position, the follow-
erating temperature, the’ warmup time ing steps are necessary. Throw meter-
should be increased by not more than 2 min-
sensitivity switch (32) to the LOW position.
utes the next time the machine is started.
After preliminary adjustment of control
A thermal cut-off is located on the upper
units, bring the needle of meter (3.5) to
right wall inside the main junction box (66). within 1° of the zero position, Then throw
This cut-off is set at 5“C. above the operating
switch (32) to HIGH position and continue
temperature of the DOP in the generator
to bring the meter to the zero position. These
chamber. If the power shuts off, the pene- steps are necessary whenever directions call
tration meter has overheated and must cool for setting the meter to the zero position.
down before operations may resume. The
penetration meter must be restarted man- 5.3.2 Throw meter-sensitivity switch (32) to
ually by pushing START button (15). low position. See that the standard lamp
(49) is in the UP position (do not remove
Note. Do not use warmup timer again unless the
unit ha. completely cooled down.
from housing) and standard lamp switch
(30) is off. Throw cell-lamp s,vitch (28)
Should cut-off occur during the warmup
on, Remove the smoke tube (marked with a
period, the warmup time should be decreased
red ring) from the inlet port (51). Turn
approximately 2 minutes when starting the knob of calibrate switch (36) to position G.
machine the following day.
Adjust meter-zero knob (34) to bring needle
5.2.5 Adjust the setting of the jacket-and-air- of meter (35) to zero. Tnrn analyzer (47)
heater control (13) on mechanical-analyzer unit until a reading
56 TAGO 1006ZA
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MI L-$TD-282
28 May 1956
of 45° is obtained on the righthand vernier (31 ) and stray-light B (31) respectively,
scale (48). if necessary.
.5.3.3 Open top lid of patricle-size indicator 5.3.6.2 Turn calibrate switch to N.
unit and locate screw adjustments (R16) and
5.3.6.3 Move meter-sensitivity switch (32) to
( R20) which are the coarse-gain controls of
LOW.
knobs A and B (33). Turn both (R16) and
( R20 ) with a screwdriver counterclockwise 5.3.6.4 Set vernier scale (4S) on mechanical
as far as possible. Set knobs A and B of analyzer to 0“ with analyzer knob.
gain control (33 ) so that both indicator ar- 5.3.6.5 Place smoke hose back on inlet port
rows are in an upright position. (51 ). Note reading of m@er (35) carefully.
.5.3.4 Turn calibrate switch (36) to A posi- 5.3.6.6 Remove smoke hose from inlet port
tion. Turn knobs A and B of stray-light (51). AI1ow a few seconds for the vacuum
control (31 ) so that both indicator arrows to dra~v out the smoke.
are upright. Turn screw adjustment ( R23 )
(coarse gain of stray-light control A) with 5.3.6.7 Turn cell-lamp switch (28) off. Push
a screwdriver to bring meter (35) to zero, standard lamp (49) to its DOWN position.
Set calibrate switch (36) to B position and Turn standard-lamp switch (30) on.
set meter to zero by adjusting (R26) (coarse 5.3.6.8 Adjust intensity knob (29) until the
gain of stray-light control B) using above reading on meter (35) corresponds tri the
method. meter reading noted in step 5.3.6.5.
5.3.5 Turn total-gain knob (27) fully counter- 5.3.6.9 Set vernier scale (48) back to 45”.
clockwise, Rotate total-gain knob (27) If meter (35) is off the zero position, make
clockwise until the needle on meter (35) half of the adjustment with gain control A
stops moving in one direction. The needle (33) and half with gain control B (33) to
will move to a maximum deflection in one reset meter to zero. Switch to high-meter
direction and then stop or move back in the sensitivity, and continue to zero meter with
opposite direction. Leave total..gain knob gain controls A and B (33).
(27) at the position of maximum deflection.
5.3.6.10 Turn standard-lamp switch (3o) off.
If the needle tends to go off scale during this
Pull standard lamp (49) to UP. Turn cell-
operation turn knob B of stray-light control
lamp switch (28) on.
(31 ) to bring the needle back on scale. Then
continue turning the total gain (27) until 5.3.7 Repeat calibmtion process from steps
the maximum deflection is obtained, Any 5.3.6.1 to 5.3.7.
future adjustments of total gain (27) that 5.3.8 Repeat step 5,3.6:1. If more than minor
may be necessary should be made by turning adjustments are necessary with A and B
the knob between the above found setting knobs of stra~light control (31) repeat all
and the fully counterclockwise position, steps from that point to 5.3.7. If only minor
5.3.6 Repeat step 5,3,4 after the total-gain adjustments are necessary the part. icle. size
indicator is ready for operation.
control (27) IIas been set. Then close the
top lid of indicator unit. Further adjust- 5.3.9 Place tine smoke hose back on inlet port
ments of stray-light controls will be made (51).
with A and B stray-light controls (31).
5.3.10 Turn analyzer knob (47) to bring
5.3.6.1 Check positions G, A, and B of cali- meter (35) to zero position. The angular
brate switch (36) for meter zero. Adjust reading on vernier scale (48) corresponds
with meter-zero control (34) stray-light A to the DOP particle size.
TACO 10064A 57
.
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MI L-STD-282
28 Moy 1956
5.4 Maintaining proper smoke-particle size. filtf red smoke is drawn through the chuck. The
light filter decreases the intensity of the light falling
5.4.1 The correct particle size corresponds to on the phototube. It is lowered into place auto-
an angular reading of 29” on the vernier matically in the 100 percent position of selector
scale (48 ). Particle size is controlled by the switch (43).
temperature of the diluent-air stream which 5.5.2.1 Open the chuck by pressing chuck-
is varied by means of the particle-size con- release button (14 ).
trol (11). Decreased readings on the scale
5.5.2.2 Repeat the procedures specified in
of this control will decrease the temperature
5.5.2 and 5.5.2.1.
and thus decrease the particle size and angn-
lar readings on the vernier scale. The re- 5.5.3 The calibrate and read-volts positions of
verse is true of incressed scale reading. If selector switch (43) are for maintenance
a change in. the control setting is required purposes only. In tbe calibrate position, the
to correct the particle size, move the control meter (41 ) should read approximately full
in the desired direction by no more than one scale. The meter should read approximately
scale division at a time, and “wait several 50 to 90 in the read-volts position.
minutes for the smoke to stabilize itself. 5.5.4 The penetration of smoke through the
Once the correct position of the particle-size canister% to be tested varies with the rate of
control is determined, the control should be flow of smoke through the chuck. Since this
maintained at this value. Particle size is flow is entirely dependent on the vacuum
also affected to a lesser degree by the rate of system, vacuum flowmeter (10) should be
flow of the air stream. Therefore, the vapor checked occasionally to see that it maintains
and diluent flowmeters (8) and (9) should its correct value.
be checked occasionally for proper settings
5.5.5 Step 5.5.2 for the calibration of the per-
as indicated in 5.2.2.
cent-penetration meter should be repeated
5.5 Adjustment of percent-penetration indi. hourly.
cater. (See figures 14, 15, 20, 21 and 24.)
5.5.1 Turn the red knobs of meter (41) so 6. OPERATION. (See figures 14, 15, 18,
and 21. )
that both red contact needles are off scale.
Turn cell lamp (16) to ON position. 6.1 Set the Ief t red pointer of meter (41) to
the zero position or slightly more until
5.5.2 Turn the selector switch (43 ) to meter-
READY lig~t (46) goes on. Set the right
zero position. Adjust the meter-zero-control
red ptirrter to the maximum value of smoke
knob (40) to bring the needle of meter (41)
penetration allowed for the canister being
to zero position. Switch selector (43 ) to
tested. Switch selector (43 ) to 0.1 percent
0.1 percent. Adjust meter (41 ) to zero with
position.
stray-light-compensation control (W). Turn
selector switch (43) to the 100 percent posi- 6.2 Recheck that the lights of liquid-heater
tion. Close chuck (57) by pushing both but- indicator (17 ) flash on and off at equal in-
tons on the CHUCK CLOSE switch (20) tervals. Make necessary changes if the in.
simultaneously. Adjust meter to a scale set- terval is not correct. (See 5.2.5.) Check and
ting of 100 with coarse- and fine-gain controls adjust flowmeters (8), (9), and (10).
(39) and (42). Readjust meter-zero and 6.3 Insert the canister to be tested in the
stray-light controls. lower jaw of chuck (57) with the intake port
Note. Never close chuck unless selector switch (small hole) facing up. When the chuck is
(43) ‘is at the 100 percent position, or unless a filter
closed, ther2 will be an initial Surge of the
unit is in the chuck. The phototube in photocell
housing (54) wil be seriomly damaged if the light meter that will carry the needle against the
filter ( 55) ii not in the down position when wl- right band red pointer, lighting the NO–GO
58 TACO EO064A
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
bii~ (44) as the READY light is extin- 7.6 Shut off vacuum-control valve (5) last.
guished. If the canister is acceptable, the
needle will drop down to indicate numeri- 8. NOTES ON MAINTENANCE
cally the percent penetration; and the light 8.1 Check the DOP level and fill through
will change from NO-GO to GO (45). Should filling cock (25) to the cold level shown on
I
the needle stay against the pointer after the the indicator card of liquid-level indicator
initial surge, and the NO-GO light remains (24). This should be done before starting
on, the canister is rejected. However, it the machine.
.
should be rechecked by opening the chuck 8.1.1 Drain (by opening valve (4) ) and re-
and reseating tbecanister in the lower chuck
place DOP at least once every month.
jaw before repeating the above test.
8.2 Blow out the upper and lower jaws of the
7. SHUTDOWN chuck daily with compressed air.
7.1 Setmeter-sensitivity switch (32) to LOW
position. 8.3 Drain air-line filters (62) and (63 ) twice
weekly by opening drain cocks located at the
7.2 Tur.n, off the power switch (26), and cell-
bottom of the filters. Thk operation should
lamp switch on the particle-size indicator.
be done with air pressure on.
Turn off power switch (37) on the percent-
penetration indicator and cell lamp (16) on 8.3.1 The screens inside the air-line filters
the front panel. Then throw the disconnect (62) and (63) should be cleaned once a
switch (21) off. month. Turn off tbe air-intake valve (1)
unscrew the plugs on top of the filters and
7.3 Set selector switch (43) to meter-zero
lift out the screens.
position. Never leave selector (43) on cali-
brate position. (A dry-cell battery is in the 3.4 Oil (SAE No. 10) should be added to
circuit in the calibrate position. Excessive lubricate (59) weekly.
drain on the battery will render it useless in
8.5 If tbe percent-penetration indicator is
a short time. )
replaced by a spare unit, the scattering
7.4 Remove smoke hose from inlet port (51). chamber should also be replaced by its cor-
7.5 Wait several minutes for the system to responding spare scattering chamber. These
be flusbed with air then shut off air:intake units are calibrated together. Inaccurate
valve (1) water-intake valve (2) and water- penetration readings will result if they are
drain valve (3). not kept together.
TAGO 10064A 59
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28 May 1956 ●
●
60 TACO 1WS4A
MI L-STD-282 ,
28 Mcw 1956 “’
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--------
---=-
TACO 10064A
.
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,, 1
TACO ,oa,,4A
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TAGO 10G+4A
63
-ti41L-sTD-282
28 May-l 956-
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MI L-STD-282
20 May 1956
64 TACO10064A
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MI L=STD-282
28 May 1956
TAGO 10064A 65
,, .,.
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MIL-STD-282
29 May 1956
66 a
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
Legend—Figures 14 ihvough%
TACO ,006”A 67
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MIL-STD-282
~
28 May 1956
Method 603.1
3. APPARATUS
(8i, on scale (9), at the instant water pene-
3.1 The appmatus employed in the test is il. trates the test specimen. Water penetration
lustrated in figure 25. All parts designated is determined by observing through the plas-
hy numbers in the text correspond to parts tic window the first indication of color
shown in the figure. change which occurs on an ind]cator paper
covering the test specimen.
3.1.1 The essential parts of the apparatus are
an air-pressure regulator (2) a water reser- 4. REAGENTS AND MATERIALS
voir (6) a specimen holder (7) a manometer
4.1 Impregnating edution. The inlpregnat-
(8) and a scale (9) and three air-control
ing solution for preparing the indicator
valves (3, 4, 5).
paper contains 50 g’m. of cobaltous chloride
3.1.2 The specimen holdw (7) is a vise-like, (COCL6H,0) and 200 gm. of calcium chlo-
cam-operated, spring-return clamp, with one ride (CaCl, ) dissolved in 1 liter of water.
fixed and one movable jaw. A brass ring
5. PREPARATION OF APPARATUS
fits into a semicircular yoke at one end of the
movable jaw. The ring can be rotated on 5.1 Connections. Place the apparatus on a
its horizontal axis for convenience in clean- level bench and connect the inlet (1) of the
ing. A plexiglass window, recessed and pressure regulator to a compressed air line.
cemented in the bottom of the brass ring, Connect the regulator outlet (2) as shown on
rigidly supports the top side of the speci- the figure.
men under test, and permits ohserration of 5.2 Adjustment of the control valve and the
the indicator paper covering the test speci- pressure regulator.
0 ,rACO10ffi,A 69
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
5.2.1 Remove the pipe plug (10) and install 5.5 Premration of specimen for test. Cut
an air-pressure gage (O to 30 p.s.i. ) between a 2sA-inch square specimen from the ma-
the pressure regulator (2) and the control terial to be tested.
valve (3) which is closed. Turn on the com-
pressed air. Raise the handle of the speci- 6. PROCEDURE
men holder and fill the system by pouring 6.1 Place the specimen to be tested on the
water into the bottom jaw of the holder until cupinthe base of the specimen holder. Place
the water is level with the top of the cup. a sheet of indicator paper on the top of the
Adjust the zero mark of the manometer test sample. Clamp the movable jaw by ;,
scale (9) so that it is level with the tip of
pressing down hard on the cam lever of the
the cup. Place a sheet of soft rubber across
specimen holder. Close the air-exhaust cock
the cup and clamp it tightly with the cam ,-, .,
(5) andopen tbe shutoff cock (4).
lever.
6.2 See that the water rise in the manometer
5.2.2 Open supply valve and adjust the pres-
sure regulator to give a gage pressure of 5 is about at the proper rate of 1 foot per min-
p.s.i. Close the air exhaust cock (5) and ute. There is a normal delay of from 15 to
open shutoff cock (4). Adjust control valve 30 seconde before the water starts to rise,
(3) so that the rate of water rise in the while tbe air space below the specimen is
manometer is approximately 1 foot per min- being filled with water. If the water rises
ute. Cloee shutoff cock (4) and open the ex- too slowly or not at all, see that the brass
haust cock (5). Remove the air pressure screen located in the union above the control
gage and replace the pipe plug. valve (3) is clean. If the screen is clean and
5.3 Testing the apparatus for leaks. the water rise is still incorrect, then readjust
5.3.1 Place a soft rubber sheet across the cup the control valve as described in 5.2.2. *
in the holder (7) and clamp it tightly with 6.3 Keep a close watch on the indicator paper
the cam lever. Close the exhaust cock (5) through the plastic window in the specimen
and open shutoff cock (4). Let the water holder, as the water rises in the manometer.
(see 7.2) in the manometer (8) rise to about Atthefirat sign of acolorcbange (from blue
30 inches. Close the shutoff cock (4). Ob-
to orange) of the indicator paper, immedi-
serve the water level in the manometer. If
ately read the water level on the manometer
it falls faster than 1 inch per minute, there
scale (9) and close the shutoff cock (4).
is a serious leak which should be corrected.
If the water level holds for at least 1 minute, Record this reading on the manometer as
the apparatus is satisfactory. Open the ex- incbesof water repellency.
haust cock (5) raise the cam lever of the 6.4 Open the exhaust cock (5). Rbmove the
holder (7) and remove the rubber gasket. test specimen and indicator paper. Dry the
5.4 Preparation of indicator paper. plastic window of the holder with a soft
cloth. Check the water level in the holder
5.4.1 Soak folded paper towelling in the im-
pregnating solution (4.1 ) for 20 to 30 min- and refill if necessary. Reload the holder
utes. Remove the paper, unfold, and dry in with another test specimen and repeat tbe
an oven or cover a steam radiator until the procedure as outlined above in 6.1 through
paper is blue. Cut the paper into 21/2-inch 6.4.
squares. If the paper becomes moist in room
air (indicated by turning orange), restore 7. NOTES
the blue color by heating the paper slightly 7.1 Drain the water from the apparatus
or by etoring in a dry place. about once each week or whenever there is
70 TACO 1006.IA
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MI L-STD-282
28 May 1956
any dOubt that the water has been contami. fecting the surface tension. Do not use soap
nated. To drain the water, shut off the com- or detergent in cleaning the apparatus.
pressed air at tbe supply valve and discon- 7.2 Water temperature. Water temperature
nect tbe union so that the unit can be turned within the normal range of room tempera-
upside down Refill with clean water (pref- ture bas no effect on test results.
erably distilled) to guard against accidental 7.3 This method was formerly covered by
contamination of the water with agents af- Chemical Corps Directive 242.
MIL-STD-282
28 May 1956
s.
n
- I \ m
10
,, .,
1?
1“ 7 ‘7-TTw
V1 6
1=-==-=1 H l-’
I I ..(, ... / I
—
‘“’-i’v“
,.-1
—.
6
I
..,1
~
1. C0mPres9ed-air inlet.
2. Pre88ure regu Iator,
3. Needle VOi V~.
4. 3hut-off cock.
5. Exhaust cock.
6. Water reservoir.
?. Specimen holder.
a. Glass manceeter.
9. Msnameter scnle.
10. P4tlq .
’72 TACOIQ
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,1 MIIX3TD-282
change Notice 1
● 3 I)ec l~b
MILfiARY STANDARD
MA 3 Dec 1~4
48B 3 Ilec lwk
52A 3 Dec 1974
52B 3 Dec 1974
3. Holders of MIFSTD-282 will verify that page additiona indicated above have
been entered. The notice page will be retained as a check sheet. lhis i asuance,
together with appended pages, 1a a separate publication. Each notice 1s to be
retained by stocking points until the Military Standard is completely revised or
cancelled.
Army - EA Army - EA
Navy - Sh (Pro ject 4240-0425)
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j!~”L-STD. 2&
ce 2
Change Not.i
10 June 1974
MILITARY STANDARU
Army - EA Army - EA
Navy - SH (Protect 4240-0427 )
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,,
IINCH-POUND [
MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 3
10 February 1989
MIL1’L4RY STANDARD
49 49 28 MAY 1956
50 50 28 MAY 1956
2. RETAIN THIS NOTICE AND INSERT BEFORE TABLE OF CONTENTS.
0 3. Holders of MIL-STD-282 will verify that page changes and additions indicated above
k
have been entered. This notice page will be retained as a check sheet. This issuance,
together with appended pages, is a separate publication. Each notice is to be retained by
stocking points until the military standard is completely revised or canceled.
Army-m Army-EA
a
,.! , — .4 Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com
● SZEZI I INCH–POUND
MIL- STD-282
[
NOTICE 4
1995
MILITARY STANDARD
.
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MIL-STD-282
NOTICE 4
Army - EA Army – EA
Navy - SH
Project No. 4240–0593
Review activity:
Navy – YD
2
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STANDARDIZATIONDOCUMENTIMPROVEMENTPROPOSA~
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b. Rccomlna”dod Wo-di”#:
..
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