SOCIAL RELEVANCE PROJECT REPORT

ON
“STUDY OF SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF GIRIJA WELFARE
ASSOCIATION”

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Master of Management Studies (MMS)
(under University of Mumbai)

SUBMITTED BY

ADITYA A. CHAVAN
(ROLL NO. 171103)

Under the guidance of

PROF. BALASHANKAR RAMDAS

PILLAI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2017-19
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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project titled “STUDY OF SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF GIRIJA

WELFARE ASSOCIATION” is successfully completed by Mr. ADITYA A. CHAVAN
during the IV semester, in partial fulfillment of the Master‟s Degree in Management Studies
recognized by the University of Mumbai for the academic year 2017-19 through Pillai’s
Institute of Management Studies and Research.

Name: Prof. Balashankar Ramdas Signature:

Date:

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NGO CERTIFICATE

iii
 DECLARATION

I, Aditya Anand Chavan, studying in S.Y. MMS of Pillai’s Institute of Management Studies
And Research, hereby declare that I have successfully completed this project on “STUDY OF
SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF GIRIJA WELFARE ASSOCIATION” as per the requirements
of Mumbai University as a part of MMS program. I also confirm that the report is not submitted
to any other University or Institution for the award of any degree/ diploma certificate or
published any time before.

Name: Aditya Anand Chavan Signature:

Roll No. : 171103

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Nothing could be accomplished alone. I would like to express my deep sense gratitude to all
contributors who helped me directly and indirectly.

First, I would like to thank my college, Pillai’s Institute of Management Studies and
Research, for giving me an opportunity to prepare this project as a part of the MMS program of
Mumbai University.

Secondly, I would like to thank my guide, Prof. Balashankar Ramdas, for guiding me
throughout the preparation of this project and for correcting me wherever required.

Last but not the least, a big thank you to my parents and colleagues, without whose support and
encouragement this project would have never been completed.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a citizen-based association that operates

independently of government, usually to deliver resources or serve some social or political
purpose. A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is not part of a
government and was not founded by states. NGOs are therefore typically independent of
governments.

Girija Balgruha a residential shelter home is a home catering to any child in the age group
of 6-17 years in need of care and protection and is hailing from critical backgrounds such as
Orphans, broken families, single parent families,

The purpose of this project is to learn about NGO i.e. what exactly is an NGO? What are
the different types of NGO‟s, their role and significance as well as to study in brief about Girija
Balgruha of Girija Welfare Association. In this project report, I have given brief details about
Girija Welfare Association, its different projects and activities, the organization‟s Vision,
Mission and Core Values.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapters Particulars Page No.

1 Introduction to the Project 1

1.1 Need for the Study 19

1.2 Objectives of the Study 20

1.3 Limitations of the Study 21

2 Literature Review 22

3 Organization Profile 24

4 Activities in Girija Welfare Association 30

5 Findings 32

6 Recommendations 33

7 Conclusion 34

8 References 35

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 CHAPTER 01 – INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

INTRODUCTION OF NGO

NGO (NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION):

A NGO is an organization consisting of private individuals who believe in certain basic

social principles/ obligations and who structure their activities to bring about development to
communities that they are servicing. “NGOs include groups and institutions that are entirely
or largely independent of Government and that have primarily humanitarian rather than
commercial objectives”. They are non-profit making, voluntary and service oriented
organizations, working on various issues like Environment protection, Save the Planet Earth,
Disability, Science and Technology, Health, Agriculture, Animal welfare, Art and Culture,
Education. NGOs are known by different names: Voluntary organizations (VOs), Voluntary
Agencies (VAs), Voluntary Development Organizations (VDOs) and Non-Governmental
Development Organizations (NDGO). NGOs vary greatly according to their philosophy,
purpose, programs, approach, and orientation, scope of activities, expertise and structures. To
a layman, NGO is a social institute; it is non-governmental and has a purpose of charity.
Following are the different definitions of NGOs to have a better understanding of NGOs:

The World Bank defines NGOs as “Private organizations that pursue activities to relieve
suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social
services, or undertake community development.” In wider usage, the term, „NGO‟ can be
applied to any non-profit organization which is independent from government. NGOs are
typically value based organizations which depend, in whole or in part, on donations and
voluntary service.

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 The United Nations describes an NGO as: Any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group
which is organized on a local, national or international level. Task-oriented and driven by
people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of services and humanitarian
functions, bring citizens‟ concerns to governments, monitor policies and encourage political
participation at the community level. They provide analysis and expertise, serve as early
warning mechanisms and help monitor and implement international agreements.

In simple terms, NGOs can be defined as “self-governing, private, not-for – profit

organizations that are geared to improving the quality of life for disadvantaged people”.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NGO’s:

Though NGOs vary in different aspects like nature, structure and ideology but they have
some characteristics which make them fall into a category of non-government organizations. In
general, following are the common characteristics of NGOs:

i. The NGOs are not created for profit making; they are non–profit making organizations.
The profit generated, if any is used for working of organization‟s programs and is not
distributed among its members.
ii. NGOs are independent of government.
iii. The NGOs are formed on voluntary basis and possess spirit of voluntarism.
iv. The NGOs have legal status/ identity. They need to be registered under appropriate Act
(e.g. Trust Act, Society Registration Act or Companies Act). For obtaining foreign
funding, they need to be registered under Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA)
with Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
v. All NGOs are formed to serve a common purpose of benefit and / or development of
community. They aim towards helping the needy.

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ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF NGOs IN INDIA:

The NGOs perform various functions for the benefit of society. The range of NGO
activities is huge and is spread in all fields: environment concern, age care, rural development,
health, culture and heritage, women empowerment, child care, basic education to all children,
animal welfare, disaster management and many more.

India, being a largely populated country, it is not easy to meet all social and human needs
by the government without help of NGOs. NGO takes efforts to satisfy the needs of a common
man and development of nation by undertaking various projects and thus helps the Government
to fulfil its objectives.

“The Government has enunciated welfare state as one of the Directive Principles of State
Policy and essentially the society and social organizations also have a role to play in providing
basic needs and amenities to and addressing the problems of the down trodden, destitute, and the
weaker sections (women and children). Government has identified, considering the social pattern
of living and needs of citizens, schemes in which NGOs and voluntary organizations can
participate. These are broadly: Age Care, Agriculture, Animal Welfare, Art & Craft, Children,
Cities & Urban, Culture & Heritage, Disability, Education, Environment, Health, Human
Resource, Rural 30 Development, Science & Technology, Tribal People, Waste Management,
Welfare, Women Development, Other Social and Cultural Activities”.

“NGOs provide expert analysis in the field; serve as early warning agents and help
monitor and implement international agreements. NGOs also help raise public awareness of
issues, play a major role in advancing UN goals and objectives and contribute essential
information at UN sponsored events. NGOs advocate many of the causes of concern to the
United Nations. Volunteer resources and execute and oversee development projects”.

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TYPES OF NGO:

NGO‟s are classified in the following types:

1. Operational or Grassroots NGOs: Grassroots NGOs directly with the oppressed

sections of society. Some NGOs are big, while some are small. These NGOs could be
either local based, working in a single and small project location or be working in
multiple project areas in different districts, states and regions covering a larger
population. The approach and orientation of grassroots NGOs are also differ.
 Charity and Welfare NGOs focus on providing charity and welfare to the poor.
 Development NGOs focus on implementation of concrete development activities.
 Social action groups focus on mobilizing marginalized section around specific
issues which challenges the distribution of power and resources in Society.
 Empowerment NGOs combine development activities with issue based struggles.

2. Support NGOs: Support NGOs provide services that would strengthen the capacities of
grassroots NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutions, co-operatives and others to function more
effectively.

3. Umbrella or Network NGOs: Network NGOs are formal associations or informal

groups of grassroots and / or support NGOs which meet periodically on particular
concerns. E.g. FEVORD-K (Federation of Voluntary Organizations in Karnataka). They
act as a forum to share experiences, carry out joint development endeavours as well as
engage in lobbying and advocacy.

4. Funding NGOs: The primary activity of these NGOs is funding grassroots NGOs,
Support NGOs or people‟s organizations. Most funding NGOs in India generate a major
part of their resources from foreign sources; through there is an effort by some to raise
funds from within India.

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 The Non-governmental organizations are a heterogeneous group. A long list of acronym
has developed around the term "NGO". These include:

 BINGO: Business-friendly International NGO or Big International NGO.

 National NGO: A non-governmental organization that exists only in one country.
 CSO: Civil society organization.
 DONGO: Donor Organized NGO.
 ENGO: Environmental NGO, such as Greenpeace and WWF
 NNGO: Northern non-governmental organization.
 IDCIs: International development cooperation institutions.
 NGOs: Support nongovernmental organizations  SCOS, also known as social
change organizations
 GONGOs are government-operated NGOs, which may have been set up by
governments to look like NGOs in order to qualify for outside aid or promote the
interests of the government in question
 INGO stands for international NGO  QUANGOs are quasi-autonomous non-
governmental organizations, such as the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO). (The ISO is actually not purely an NGO, since its
membership is by nation, and each nation is represented by what the ISO Council
determines to be the 'most broadly representative' standardization body of a
nation. That body might itself be a nongovernmental organization; for example,
the United States is represented in ISO by the American National Standards
Institute, which is independent of the federal government. However, other
countries can be represented by national governmental agencies; this is the trend
in Europe.)
 TANGO: Technical assistance NGO, etc.

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IMPORTANT FEATURES OF NGO’s:

NGOs have come in to existence with a particular purpose, the features of NGOs can be
understood as follows:

1. VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS:

NGOs are voluntary associations which are created by people having a common interest.

2. AUTONOMOUS:

NGOs are autonomous bodies free from the interference of government. They are regulated by
their own policies and procedures.

3. SERVICE MOTIVE:

NGOs are not profit making business organizations. Rather they show a lot of concern in social
welfare aspects such as education of children, protection of animals, wildlife, environment,
improving the status of women etc.

4. OWN FUNDS:

NGOs create and maintain their own funds. They often collect contribution from the public.
Some NGOs are also financed by private business organizations. Some NGOs are also financed
by international authorities.

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LIMITATIONS OF NGO’S:

Though NGOs are playing a key role in the development of economy, they suffer from the
following limitations:

1. Lack of financial resources:

Most of the NGOs suffer from serious shortage of funds. They have to depend on Public

contributions or sponsorship by corporates which makes it difficult to mobilize financial

resources.

2. Lack of trained staff:

The volunteers of NGOs are not specifically trained in handling problems concerning people.
Lack of accountability on the part of the staff hinders the growth of NGOs.

3. Mismanagement of funds:
NGOs have lost confidence of the general public, quite often, it is noticed that the NGOs
misappropriate the funds.

4. Limited territory:
Most NGOs do not take up nationwide programs. They operate only in a limited territory.

5. Unhealthy Competition:
The increasing number of NGOs has created an unhealthy competition among themselves which
has defeated the real objectives.

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INDIA NOW HOME TO 20 MILLION ORPHANS, STUDY
FINDS:

A new study by an international charity for orphaned and abandoned children found
that India is home to 20 million orphans, a figure projected to increase by 2021. A new
study by an international children‟s charity has found that 4 per cent of India‟s child
population of 20 million are orphans. Most of these children have been abandoned by their
parents. In fact, the charity estimates that only 0.3 per cent of these orphans are children
whose parents have actually died.

The study was conducted by SOS Children's Villages India, a charity providing
family-based care for orphaned and abandoned children. The data analyzed in the study
came from India‟s National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-2006), as well as from the
national census. Under the terms of the study, “orphan” was defined as a child who has been
abandoned or has lost both parents. This is slightly different from the terminology used by
inter-governmental organizations such as the United Nations Children‟s Fund (UNICEF)
and the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS, which also treat children who have lost only one
parent as orphans.

The high proportion of abandoned children among orphans highlights the fact that
poverty is a major reason behind the situation. Indeed, the study found that states such as
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal had more orphans than India‟s richer states.
Generally, the country's central and eastern regions were found to be worse affected than
the north and the south. Combined, the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh are home to 6 million orphaned children under the age of 18. By 2021, these
states will probably be home to 7.1 million orphans. The eastern region, encompassing
Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and West Bengal, now houses 5.2 million orphans, but will likely
have 6 million by 2021. Each of these regions is home to more than double the number of
orphans living in either the north or west regions.

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 “Poverty has been a significant contributor in high orphan children in these states,”
said Rakesh Jinsi, the organization‟s Secretary-General. He added the social unrest and
terror in areas affected by militancy can also be partly blamed. HIV and AIDS were also
observed to be part of the reason. An estimated 41 per cent of India‟s population is below
that age of 18 – the largest child population in the world. According to the study, an
additional 13 per cent of these children live in single-parent households, which are also
socially and economically marginalized. About 85 per cent of children from single-parent
households live with their mothers.

Orphaned children are greatly in need of care in protection, being among the most
susceptible to poverty, child labour and child trafficking. Future trends on progress toward
reducing the number of orphans are mixed. While the total number of orphans is set to
increase from 20 million to 24 million by 2021, the relative number, or proportion, is
expected to fall. “Governmental and non-governmental agencies working on child rights
must jointly work towards addressing the needs of these children by providing them with
nutrition, education and protection,” said Mr. Jinsi.

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TOP 10 NGO’s OF INDIA:

Following are the top 10 NGO‟s in India according to Fundoodata:

1. Child Rights and You (CRY)

2. Give Foundation
3. GOONJ
4. HelpAge India
5. The Akshay Patra Foundation (TAPF)
6. K C Mahindra Education Trust (Nanhi Kali)
7. LEPRA India
8. Pratham Education Foundation
9. Sanmaan Foundation
10. Smile Foundation

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SWOT ANALYSIS:

A SWOT analysis for a nonprofit organization (also known as a non-government

organization, an NGO or a public charity) is similar to the analysis for a for-profit, commercial
business. Analysis for the nonprofit has no investors or return on investment to consider, but it
has to weigh factors such as fundraising, volunteer staff and goodwill that a commercial firm
does not. SWOTS are used to develop a company's marketing strategy. A small nonprofit
organization should use it to plan financial development (fundraising) as well.

● STRENGTHS:

In the simplest terms, strengths are advantages. Strengths could be an internal donation
source, strong funding, great leadership or such a strong message that people are inspired to help.
NGOs have some strength that commercial companies do not. For one, NGOs usually are tax
exempt. They can offer products at a discount since they do not have the expense of taxes, and
sometimes they can offer products to buyers who pay no sales tax on the purchase. NGOs often
have a volunteer staff in many roles – artists, canvassers, attorneys. Volunteers can mean an
enormous savings to the business, which is particularly important to a small nonprofit.

● WEAKNESSES:

Generally, business owners don't like to expose any weakness in the business because the
owner can feel as if the business shouldn't have any weaknesses. As you know, smart business
owners look honestly at weaknesses so they can develop strategies to improve them. When it
comes to a non-profit, the same is true. Anything that might be strength also has the potential to
be a weakness. Ideally, weaknesses addressed properly can become strengths. For example, an
organization might have a strong volunteer base and inspiring leadership but lacks someone who
can effectively budget operational funds to maximize monies used to help the community. This
is a weakness. This non-profit might look to bring an accountant onto the board of directors to
mitigate this weakness and ideally turn it into strength.

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● OPPORTUNITIES:

Business leaders look for opportunities to take advantage of. Opportunities can be in
marketing or specific types of events that promote the mission of the nonprofit. For example, if a
local charity to help kids with autism is looking to raise money and awareness, they could hold a
large event such as a gala or charity golf event. If the local country club in the heart of the
community is seeking to expand its community profile and membership, this is an opportunity
for the two organizations to join forces and put on an event.

● THREATS:

As with any business organization, threats exist and need to be addressed. Threats include
laws, regulations and even aggressive competition. Threats usually come from external sources
but can be internal as well. Imagine a board of directors divided on the direction of the non-profit
and disagreeing about how to spend funds. It could also divide the volunteer force with people
taking sides and lobbying for support. This could stall all help the non-profit does in the
community and is an internal threat. It is important to address all internal and external threats to
prevent disruption to the support given the non-profit‟s cause.

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PESTEL ANALYSIS:

PESTEL has been designed to review and analyze the impacts on profitability however; it
can be used by non-profit organizations to identify areas where funding or operations may be
threatened. Analyzing the macro-environment of the non-profit organization is important to
ensure that the organization can meet future challenges.

● POLITICAL FACTORS:
When considering the impact that political factors may have on future industry profitability,
government stability, taxation policies, foreign trade regulations and social welfare policies may
all contribute to an industry‟s profit potential (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005).For non-
profit organizations that provide community development services in developing countries,
government stability may be a key issue to the ongoing provision of future services. Taxation
policies may have either a positive or a negative impact on the likelihood of donors continuing to
donate and on the organization obtaining new donors.

● ECONOMIC FACTORS MAY IMPACT ON NEED FOR SERVICES OR

DONATIONS:
Business cycles, GNP trends, interest rates, money supply, cost of living and inflation,
unemployment trends and disposable income levels are all relevant considerations when
reviewing the economic factors likely to affect non-profit organizations (Johnson, Scholes &
Whittington, 2005). For example, a decrease in disposable income may result in decreased
donations and memberships of non-profit organizations. Increasing costs of doing business, such
as increased rental payments, bank fees and utility bills, may result in non-profit organizations
having to tighten budgets in other areas. As well as tightening the budget, increased business
costs in the wider economy may mean that companies are less likely to participate in corporate
philanthropy. For human service and welfare organizations, increasing unemployment rates may
result in an increased need for assistance and the organization may need to investigate increased
funding which may be difficult to obtain. The impacts of economic factors on non-profit

13
organizations will differ dependent on the services provided by the organization however
generally a tightening economy with lowered disposable income and higher unemployment will
exert a significant negative impact on a non-profit organization, decreasing the availability of
income and potentially increasing the number of people seeking assistance from the
organization.

● SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS CAN AFFECT A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION :

Population demographics, social mobility, lifestyle changes, attitudes towards work and
leisure, consumerism and levels of education are all sociocultural factors that may affect the
macro environment the non-profit organization operates within (Johnson, Scholes &
Whittington, 2005).Consumer spending habits also influence whether an industry will be
profitable (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005). Again, the impact of socio-economic factors
will differ in each non-profit organization; for example, an aged care service provider can, in
Australia, anticipate an increase in the number of consumers over the next few years as the
Australian population ages. Growth in interest in new sports may mean that traditional sports
such as tennis, soccer, cricket and rugby may find it difficult to attract new players and members
to the clubs.

● TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS:
Technological factors include government spending on research, the focus on technological
effort, new discoveries, and speed of transfer and rates of obsolescence (Johnson, Scholes &
Whittington, 2005). For non-profit organizations, this may mean that new methods of reaching
donors, volunteers and supporters may need to be found such as using social media including
Twitter and Facebook. In order to use new forms of technology, hardware may need to be
updated at significant costs and training may need to be provided to staff. When investigating the
impact of technology on a non-profit organization, a review of the current technology items
owned by the organization and their expected replacement dates should be included.

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● ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS:
Environmental protection laws, together with waste disposal and energy consumption, are
at the heart of the factors to be considered when reviewing the environmental sub-type in a
PESTEL framework (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005). For non-profit organizations,
an environmental audit can be easily undertaken in-house, which may highlight areas where
performance can be improved and costs decreased. For example, if an organization provides
care services to people in their own homes, it may be prudent to investigate the costs of
transferring a fleet of cars to hybrid cars such as the Toyota Prius. While the fleet transfer
costs may be significant, the potential for savings in carbon taxes (if applicable) and fuel may
ameliorate the costs of transfer over a short to midterm period.

● LEGAL FRAMEWORK CAN IMPACT PROFITABILITY:

The legal framework in which an industry operates can affect its profitability through
competition laws, employment laws, health and safety requirements and product safety
(Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2005). In Australia, the proposed model occupational
health and safety laws (due to become mandatory by 2011) may require non-profit
organizations to make changes to occupational health and safety practices (Safe work
Australia).The PESTEL analysis model was designed to identify the profitability of an
organization or industry however; it can be used by non-profit organizations to assist the
strategic planning process. PESTEL reviews the political, economic, socio-cultural,
technological, environmental and legal factors that may affect a non-profit organization in
the future. As with any form of future focused analysis, a level of educated guessing is
required however using the PESTEL analysis model enables a non-profit organization to
consider what the future might hold and how it might meet the challenges faced.

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PORTER’S 5 FORCES MODEL:

Porter‟s Five Forces are designed for traditional for-profit commerce and industry
scenarios. With slight tweaking, they are equally applicable to the non-profit sector; an
examination of these will highlight the implicit vulnerabilities of organizations working in this
sector. Where Porter‟s model looks at the way the forces can affect profit, the NGO adaptation of
his model is more concerned with how the forces affects an organization‟s ability to perform its
mission effectively and efficiently.

Porter‟s Five Forces are:

1. The power of large customers
2. The power of large suppliers
3. The level of rivalry among organizations in an industry
4. The potential for entry into the industry
5. The threat of substitute products

The significance of each of these will be individually engaged in a general discussion of the
NGO sector. Implicit in this discussion will be the task and general environment of South
African NGOs. This discussion will close with the presentation of an NGO adaptation of Porter‟s
Five Forces model.

● THE POWER OF LARGE SUPPLIERS AND THE POWER OF LARGE

CUSTOMERS:
For the NGO sector, the activities are mainly service, and not product, based. Further, these
services are social in character and based on specific skills rather than material resources. This
diminishes the impact of supplier power in comparison to a production based for-profit company,
as intended by Porter‟s original model.
However, the donor community and corporate funders can be seen as both the supplier and
customer in the NGO model. They provide the resources, in the form of funds, for the NGO to
carry out its mission, and in return, they can lay shared claim to the positive social impact, which
is achieved through the NGO‟s activity. The donor organizations need this to fulfill their own

16
mandate; and corporate funders are able to include this in their CSI portfolio and report it in their
triple bottom line.

What the power of large funder‟s highlights is the tacitly accepted unequal power balance
between NGOs and donors; remember this is social development and not charity (the distinction
between these is a paper in itself). The donor organizations have a mandate to fulfil, in fact the
sole reason most of them exist is to award grants towards social development activities. They are
not service providers nor are they capable of carrying out the actual delivery of social
development activities at the community level; they need NGO service providing partners.
Similarly, corporate funders need CSI portfolios for their BBBEE scorecards and their triple
bottom line reporting; NGOs provide a service they need at lower cost than they can do it in-
house. The power balance exists not because the funders hold the money, but because money is
incredibly tangible, measurable and traceable.

● THE LEVEL OF RIVALRY AMONG ORGANIZATIONS IN AN INDUSTRY:

Local NGOs, to my understanding, have always had a tacit agreement to not work in, or
encroach on each other‟s area of operation. However, the social development NGO sector,
broadly, is at a crossroads. South Africa is not the darling child of the international donor
community that it was during apartheid or through its transition and establishment as a true
democracy. International donors who were in some ways the staple providers for a range of
activities have shifted their country focus, or shifted their activity focus, or both. There is a
smaller pool of International Donor Funding than in times past, further to this, the remaining
pool of International Donors was not impervious to the financial recession of 2009. There are
fewer funding sources available to the sector. Because the funds are scarce, donors are placing
(and rightly so) an increasing emphasis on measurement and demonstration of the impact of their
investment, this is discussed above. While the increasing scarcity of resources and changing
mood of the environment does not necessarily translate to the cutthroat vistas painted by
corporate rivalry, it does create a competitive environment. In terms of the wellbeing of the
broader social development sector, this is not a bad thing at all. If any sector should be focused
on efficiency and effectiveness of delivery, it should be the social development sector; and where

17
slack can be cut out or better managed competitive advantage can be gained; and greater positive
impacts achieved.

● POTENTIAL FOR ENTRY INTO THE INDUSTRY:

Barriers of entry into the non-profit sector are extremely low.

● THE THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS:

Within the NGO sector, the threat of substitute products must be seen to take the form of
competing funding requirements between different development focuses; for example between
HIV/AIDS programs, ECD programs, Nutrition programs, Psychosocial programs etc. For the
model, adaptation this shall be renamed the threat of competing needs. With positive social
impact, being the end goal of all investments and activities there is strong debate around which
areas should be key focus areas, and if more than one area is identified which area should be
seen as the core set of service needs upon which the others can be attached. Again, the ability to
demonstrate tangible, measurable and traceable impacts will leverage competitive advantage
here. (If all NGOs were able to measure impact fully and perfectly some serious discussions
would need to take place, and priorities agreed upon by the entire sector. In this event, individual
NGOs could not serve themselves before the bigger picture.)

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1.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

 To know about how various NGOs and to explore how NGOs taking care of children.
 To find avenues for providing protection and security, love for underprivileged children,
through the provision of family care, warmth and affection.
 Creating a set of values and practices, which play a special role in overcoming poverty and
disadvantage, knitting society at the grass roots and deepening democracy.

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1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To study the role an NGO plays in the lives of unprivileged kids.

 To observe how an NGO (orphanage) works on a day-to-day basis.
 To undertake teaching assignment until Eleventh standard kids.
 To provide the community life-supporting skills base (which will include literacy,
numeracy, arts and craft skills, dance, music etc.)
 To interact with the kids to identify what is the gap that needs to be filled for providing
them with a decent lifestyle.
 To find out what are the ways youths like us can contribute in enriching lives

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1.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 Our visit was only limited to the Balgruha i.e. Orphanage. We couldn‟t visit Girija
Welfare Associations other Projects.
 Due to the time constraint, we couldn‟t give the children thorough knowledge of the
subject we taught though we tried our best to make them understand.
 We couldn‟t study the behavioral and emotional aspects of these children.

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 CHAPTER 02 – LITERATURE REVIEW

NGO’S: AGENTS OF CHANGE

On defining NGOs, Lewis and Kanji (2009:2) state that owing to the staggeringly diverse

range of organizations, arriving at a meaningful generalization is difficult as NGOs play different

roles and take very different shapes and forms within and across different country contexts. They

state further that in the available literature, NGOs are generally understood to be autonomous

organizations that are neither government run nor have profit making motives like private
businesses.

The genesis of NGOs can be traced to the mid and late 1960s - consisting of a few small
agencies trying to intervene in the lives of people deemed to be poor and who received negligible
professional services or assistance from outside (Bebbington et al. 2008:11). While
predominantly having a strong Northern presence, some were Southern based and were
enmeshed in more broader social movements and also embedded in networks that sought to
mobilize resources from voluntary contributions and donations, often times related to bigger
organizations that provided the funding and agenda base; some were even linked to religious
institutions such as the National Council of Churches of Kenya (Bebbington et al. 2008). They
also partnered with the state - regarding legal reform - and market – which provided funds that
would be channeled through foundations such as the Ford foundation, a model which exists to
this day.

According to the United Nation (UN) estimates, there are roughly 35000 established
NGO‟s (Lewis and Kanji, 2009). They have been recognized for their decentralized and
grassroots engagement with the world‟s poorest and marginalized representing their voice and
empowering them to break free from the shackles of poverty and alleviating social ills such as
illiteracy and poor health (Desai, 2002). NGOs where loaded for their participatory approach to
development and enhancement of livelihood, rights and democratization process of the poorest

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segments of society through various social development projects and programs (Craig & Porter,
2006 cited in Bebbington et al. 2008:15).

NGO WORK: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND SERVICE DELIVERY

Besides providing welfare, legal, technical and financial services to the poor, NGOs also
worked with community organizations in providing basic services and infrastructure in place of
the government - who were seen as spearheading the development initiative in the past (Desai,
2002). When it became clear that the government lacked both the financial wherewithal and
institutional expertise to be truly effective, NGOs filled in the gap (Desai, 2002). NGOs also
played the important role of mitigating the risks, for example of harsh structural adjustment
regimes, faced by the most vulnerable; structural adjustment policies called for welfare cuts in
the government budget, which had a disproportionately negative impact on the poor (Desai,
2002); Abouharb and Cingranelli, 2007; O‟Connell, 2007).

According to Lewis and kanji (2009), NGO‟s are best known for engaging in basic
service delivery to the needy and organizing public campaigns and policy advocacy work to
enact changes in society. Desai (2002:496) argues that NGO‟s endeavour to influence public
policy, by campaigning on behalf of the public and mobilizing them in numbers against
„entrenched elite or state interests‟.

In simple terms, Lewis and Kanji (2009: 13) argue that NGO‟s work can best be
summarized in three roles: as implementers, mobilizing resources , delivering goods and services
to the poor such as healthcare, agriculture extensions, and emergency relief; as catalysts, where
they inspire, facilitate or contribute to improved thinking and action to promote change, and as
partners where NGO‟s collaborate with the Government, private businesses and donors.

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 CHAPTER 03 - ORGANISATION PROFILE

GIRIJA BALGRUHA

(An organization to save lives)

ABOUT GIRIJA WELFARE ASSOCIATION

The Girija Welfare Association is a Navi Mumbai based NGO, Recognized social service
organization. It provides helps to those in need in a multiple of ways. In 2004 Mr. Vasant Kunjar
started organization along with a group of like-minded friends began the
society that today spans the number of members in Mumbai, Thane & Navi Mumbai. The Girija
Welfare Association performs a myriad of activities or projects-all with a single purpose in
mind-alleviation of human suffering.

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PROJECTS OF GIRIJA WELFARE ASSOCIATION:

 GIRIJA BALGRUHA:
Girija Balgruha a residential shelter home is a home catering to any child in the
age group of 6-17 years in need of care and protection and is hailing from critical
backgrounds such as Orphans, broken families, single parent families, nowhere child rent
etc.
The focus of this home is to provide opportunities for holistic development, and
equip the children with basic education and some vocational skills during their stay at the
shelter home. The shelter serves the dual purpose of catering to children for a long term
stay and also children staying for transit period. At present there are 30 kids (all boys)
staying at Girija Balgruha.

 GIRIJA OLD AGED:

They are serving the old aged with humanity, great care and without any
expectations of return. They believe that treating the old age people and all the homeless
in a candid way is like „The Service to God‟ and to serve the humanity is not just a
tendency or joy but an „Actual Bliss‟. They are restricted due to limited resources
because they are a Non-Government Organization. This Old Age home is also located in
Kharghar just like the Balgruha.

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 GIRIJA HIV/AIDS FOUNDATION:
HIV positive children are one of the most vulnerable groups of abandoned kids.
Many are orphans who have been thrown out of their homes by family members who fear
infection and social stigma. On the streets they are exploited and abused, have no access
to health care and are discriminated against and stigmatized. As Mr. Vasant Kunjar &
family started growing, with more children coming home, Mr. Kunjar took a tough
decision to take care of HIV/AIDS patients including kids of age group of 5 to 17 years.
His wife Mrs. Sumitra Kunjar is a pillar of strength and constant support, she monitors
the health of children with help of doctors, and she also takes care of their meals.

 GIRIJA CANCER CARE FOUNDATION:

Cancer treatment in our country is highly priced and majority of elders are not
covered by any form of medical insurance. Therefore the biggest challenge has been to
provide sustained healthcare intervention for needy elderly cancer patients. Girija Cancer
Care Foundation provides palliative care to end-stage cancer patients in partnership with
a number of credible and competent cancer hospitals and organizations. These partners
also conduct cancer awareness and cancer detection camps. Thus, from cancer detection
and treatment, their partners have been able to deliver quality cancer care for elders in
need of such intervention, including home visits post cancer treatment along with
counseling for the patient and family. Over 200 treatments have been supported since
2004.

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VISION, MISSION & VALUES OF THE ORGANIZATION:

VISION STATEMENT:

● To uplift poor, orphan, homeless and less privileged children through social service and to help
them lead healthy lives by providing them with 24x7 attention and medical aid facilities.
● To educate the poor, orphan, homeless and less privileged children, and train them in
occupations which would give them a measure of independence and self-esteem.
● To provide shelter, care and educational support to them, empower them to rise above current
circumstances, pursue their potential and become enhancing members of their society.
● To provide them comfort of a safe home, rescue and rehabilitate children and save them from
child abuse, child labor and other anti-social activities carried out against less privileged
children in the society.

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MISSION:

The mission of Girija Welfare Association is to uphold work fot the transformation of lives
of orphan and less privileged children, without discrimination in caste, creed or race and to rescue
and rehabilitate them in our society. We want suck children empowered through educational
support so as to make the self-reliant and hopeful individuals of the society.

VALUES:
These are the core beliefs and attitudes on which our organization has been built, and they are
the cornerstones of our success. These enduring values guide our actions, decisions and
relationships as we work towards fulfilling our mission.

➢ COURAGE: We take action

We have challenged traditional methods of orphan care and continue to pioneer
innovative child-care approaches. We help children who have no one else to turn to. With a
sensitive yet confident approach, we are determined to question, learn and take action for
children around the world.

➢ COMMITMENT: We keep our promises

We are dedicated to helping generations of children have a better life. We do this by
nurturing lasting relationships with our donors, our co-workers and the communities in
which we are rooted. We believe that by making a long-term commitment we have a
meaningful and sustainable impact.

➢ TRUST: We believe in each other

We believe in each other's abilities and potential. We support and respect one another,
and build an environment where we can approach our responsibilities with confidence. In
an atmosphere of trust, we are inspired to share our experiences and learn from each other.

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➢ ACCOUNTABILITY: We are reliable partners
Since 2004, we have built a foundation of trust with donors, governments, and other
partners who support us in our mission. Our greatest responsibility is guaranteeing the well-
being of children by ensuring high standards of care. In doing this, we are committed to
using all funds and resources wisely, with respect and accountability.

This appeal is made to Donor and well-wisher who believes in sharing their good fortune
with others shows that the world becomes a happier place to live in for future generation? All
these children have a right to grow, obtain education and written to society as responsible
citizens. This process has to continue as long as there needy children. Girija welfare
Association caters to essentially need of young boys and girls and their future now lies in the
generosity of socially enlightened people.

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 CHAPTER 04 - ACTIVITIES IN GIRIJA WELFARE
ASSOCIATION

1. Educational activities
2. Music and skills development among children.
3. Guidance and counseling activities among children.
4. Sports development activity

OUR ACTIVITIES IN GIRIJA BALGRUHA:

Day 1 Interaction session with kids.

Day 2 Taught History & Mathematics to 4th and 6th standard kids.

Day 3 Taught Science & Mathematics to 4th standard kid.

Day 4 Taught Mathematics to 5th standard and English 6th standard kid.

Day 5 Taught English 6th standard kids.

Day 6 Taught Mathematics and English to 3rd standard kid.

Day 7 Taught Geography to 8th Standard kid.

Day 8 Taught Geography to 7th Standard kid and Mathematics to 5th Standard kid.

Day 9 Taught 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Standard kids, how to calculate Square Roots.

Day 10 Conducted a small party with music, snacks and games.

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31
 CHAPTER 05 - FINDINGS

1. Looking at the current scenario, more marketing efforts should be made at the
organizational level. As it is require to sustain in near future. More awareness among
people will lead to more funds.

2. Some children are very talented in extracurricular activities like singing, dancing and
sports, etc. They can develop such extra-curricular skills of these children.

3. They‟re dependent on the volunteers that visit to teach the kids or solve their doubts. I
feel like they personally should appoint permanent volunteers so that the study flow of
the students won‟t be affected.

4. We found that the children are not provided with proper education. The education
strategy is very poor at Girija Balgruha. Even though majority of the kids are enrolled in
English medium school they don‟t yet have the basic knowledge of English and
Mathematics which is why many kids struggle get through their board exams.

5. Staff strength and capacities need to be enhanced for future prospects for the orphan
children to be effective.

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 CHAPTER 06 – RECOMMENDATIONS

Working with the NGO was a good experience for me as I have never done such thing in my
past; these 10 days with the organization helped me to not only work for a social cause but also
to gain detailed knowledge about NGO‟s in general.

The Recommendation Can Be Summarized As Below:

1. First and foremost the website needs to be updated at the earliest. These days‟
websites are the new face of the organization over Internet. The current website is
not attractive and has many defects, which needs to be rectified. The website can
help to gather more traffic and if the appeal is sympathetic might lead to
donations.
2. The trust can arrange some experienced visiting staff so that the children can get
the required knowledge.
3. More volunteers should be encouraged to address the children so that the
additional coaching can be given.
4. Individual counseling should be done so that the children can express their needs
and necessary steps should be taken to resolve the problems.

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 CHAPTER 07 – CONCLUSION

NGOs are very important since they offer an organization for local communication,
action and distributing resources when there are no existing local organizations. In fact, an NGO
provides a mechanism that could possibly work where the government has failed. As a result, it
supports grass roots initiatives as well as recognizing and responding to the realities of the local
people. Another major advantage of NGOs is that they have the capability of communicating at
all levels. This means that they can easily interact with the local people and relay their messages
to top levels of the government. They are also capable of recruiting highly motivated staff and
experts with lesser restrictions than employees working for the government.

NGOs are flexible in becoming accustomed to local conditions and responding to the
local needs. For that reason, they can experiment freely with new approaches and take risks if
necessary. They can develop integrated projects to help the local people. The major shortcoming
of NGOs is the overdependence on private financial resources, especially when the donors fail to
make their donations. For the success of any NGO, it is necessary that the people in the near
vicinity are aware about the work of the NGO and voluntarily participate in the various projects
and activities conducted by the NGO.

NGO's are taking up various social challenges that we never come to know about, and
because of these post graduate programs we are made aware about it. I wasn't familiar with this
organization at the beginning, but now I feel like it was a good opportunity to be a part of this
initiative. This program should not only be limited to PG students but should also be made
mandatory as a part of UG course so that more people work in unison with the NGO's, for
betterment of the society. People should be made aware of such organizations and their activities
so that they can be actively involved in such activities. Being socially associated to an NGO or
government organization and helping the society bringing about optimistic changes, makes one
socially responsible. I am looking forward to continue my association with the orphanage.

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 CHAPTER 08 – REFERENCES

 https://www.fundoodata.com/learning-center/list-top-10-ngos-india/

 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/nongovernmental-organization-in-india-
1284-words/4665

 https://girijawelfare.org/

 http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34847/7/07_chapter%202.pdf

 http://smallbusiness.chron.com/swot-analysis-nonprofit-organization-4407.html

 https://www.scribd.com/document/278575741/Using-PESTEL-Analysis-in-Strategic-
Planning-For-Non-Profits

 https://thorinsthinkspace.wordpress.com/2011/09/13/applying-porters-five-forces-model-
to-the-ngo-sector/

 https://www.soschildrensvillages.ca/india-now-home-20-million-orphans-study-finds

 https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1pu5j2e/12-40-CONCLUSION-An-NGO-is-a-non-
governmental-organization-that-is-driven-and/

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