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RSLogix 500
By Jack Rindell
modernmediaonline.com
Copyright 2008 Modern Media
Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
PLCs ............................................................................................................................... 5
Hardware......................................................................................................................... 6
SLC Rack..................................................................................................................... 6
SLC Power Supply ....................................................................................................... 6
SLC Processors ........................................................................................................... 6
SLC I/O Modules.......................................................................................................... 7
MicroLogix 1000........................................................................................................... 7
MicroLogix 1200........................................................................................................... 7
MicroLogix 1500........................................................................................................... 7
Software .......................................................................................................................... 8
Getting The RSLogix 500 Software.............................................................................. 8
Downloading the RSLogix 500 Starter Software .......................................................... 9
Downloading The RSLinx Lite Software....................................................................... 9
Ladder Logic ................................................................................................................. 11
The Dialect of PLCs ...................................................................................................... 11
Equivalent Logic ............................................................................................................ 15
Scan Time.................................................................................................................. 16
Project Scope................................................................................................................ 17
Summarizing the Scope ................................................................................................ 23
Which PLC? .................................................................................................................. 23
Lay Out The I/O............................................................................................................. 24
Laying Out The Modules In The Rack ........................................................................... 26
Assigning I/O Addresses ............................................................................................... 27
Analog Inputs ............................................................................................................. 27
Digital Inputs .............................................................................................................. 28
Digital Outputs ........................................................................................................... 29
Installing RSLogix.......................................................................................................... 30
Installing RSLogix 500 ............................................................................................... 30
Running RSLogix .......................................................................................................... 31
Configuring Colors, Fonts and Address Display......................................................... 36
Adding Descriptors To Your I/O ................................................................................. 37
Writing the Program ...................................................................................................... 40
Setting Up An Overall Control Rung .......................................................................... 40
Starting a Batch Cycle ............................................................................................... 43
Batching Steps........................................................................................................... 48
Step 1 – Adding City Water........................................................................................ 48
Analog Inputs ............................................................................................................. 51
Setting up an SCP to calculate Tank Weight ............................................................. 54
Setting Up An SCP To Calculate Tank Level ............................................................. 56
Back to Batching – Step 1.......................................................................................... 57
Step 2 – Adding Chemical KM ................................................................................... 60
Step 3 – Adding Chemical KM ................................................................................... 64
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Step 4 – Blending....................................................................................................... 65
Step 5 – Pump to Filling Lines ................................................................................... 70
Faults ............................................................................................................................ 72
Valve Position Faults ................................................................................................. 72
Console Status Indicators – Pilot Lights ........................................................................ 81
Adding Rung Comments ............................................................................................... 85
Expanding the Data tables ............................................................................................ 89
Connecting To The SLC And Going Online................................................................... 93
Run Mode.................................................................................................................... 106
Editing in Run Mode .................................................................................................... 113
A Final Note About Our Program ................................................................................ 121
How Do I . . . ? ............................................................................................................ 122
Tips, Shortcuts and Warnings ..................................................................................... 124
Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 129
Index ........................................................................................................................... 130
PLC Programming with RSLogix 500 How to Program an Allen-Bradley SLC 500 with Rockwell Automation’s RSLogix 500
Copyright 2008 Modern Media modernmediaonline.com
Introduction
The purpose of this book is to teach you how to set up, program and use an Allen-
Bradley SLC 500 PLC. It will tell you what parts you need to buy for a common
application.
It will tell you how to install RSLogix, how to write a ladder logic program, how to
configure your computer and your SLC so that you can download your ladder logic
program.
There is a sample project included that contains a Project Scope. The Project Scope (or
Functional Specification, or whatever your company might call it) defines in detail how
the system is to operate when the project is finished.
You will learn how to take a Project Scope and turn it into a working PLC program.
It will show you, step by step, how to go online with your SLC to monitor your program
to verify your ladder logic and make sure it is functioning properly.
It will show you how to make changes to your program while you are online.
It will show you the keystrokes and mouse movements that you need to know to use
RSLogix.
Finally, it provides a number of tips and a Frequently Ask Questions section that will
save you hours of frustration.
This book assumes you have a little background with PLCs – perhaps you have worked
with other PLCs from other manufacturers or you have helped to install and wire PLCs.
Perhaps you are a Mechanical or Process Engineer and you need to learn how to use
RSLogix.
If you need a more thorough understanding of basic PLC concepts, you might want to
try the Beginner’s Guide to PLC Programming How to Program a PLC (Programmable
Logic Controller). This ebook, along with the online tutorial, provides an example of how
to automate a drill press, while explaining all the basic concepts of PLC programming
that are necessary to write a solid PLC program.
The Beginner’s Guide to PLC Programming works well in conjunction with this book, in
that it concentrates on basic PLC programming methods that are common to all types of
PLCs. In addition, it provides an example of machine operation, whereas PLC
Programming with RSLogix 500 uses the example of a chemical batching process.
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It is available from Modern Media for $9.95. Visit www.modernmediaonline.com if you
would like to learn more about this book.
PLCs
Nearly all the industrial equipment that you find in a modern manufacturing facility
shares one thing in common - computer control. The most commonly used controller is
the PLC, or the Programmable Logic Controller, using a programming language called
Ladder Logic. The language was developed to make programming easy for people who
already understood how switches, relay contacts and coils work. Its format is similar to
the electrical style of drawing known as the “ladder diagram”.
The most popular and most widely used manufacturer of PLCs is Rockwell Automation,
who produces the Allen-Bradley MicroLogix and SLC series of PLCs. The MicroLogix
and SLC families of processors and I/O modules are all programmed using Rockwell’s
proprietary software known as RSLogix.
In the book, we will concentrate specifically on the SLCs, MicroLogix PLCs and
RSLogix. We won’t talk about other manufacturers or other Rockwell software, as
RSLogix will (and currently does) perform nearly all the programming requirements of a
plant’s automation system.
When you are finished with this book, you will be able to sit down in front of any
computer running RSLogix and create a new program. You will be able to edit existing
programs. You will be able to professionally document any changes you have made.
Unfortunately, we can’t anticipate all the problems you might face as you are
troubleshooting a program on the factory floor. There are just too many variables. This
is why you must establish a relationship with your local Rockwell Automation technical
support team. Get to know them before you are in the final stages of a start-up and you
run into a problem. They are very helpful and they can save you hours of frustration.
The Rockwell reps are not just technical support personnel; they are skilled engineers
that are responsible for running their own projects and writing and troubleshooting their
own programs. If you run into a problem, more than likely they have already seen it and
have come up with a solution.
PLC Programming with RSLogix 500 How to Program an Allen-Bradley SLC 500 with Rockwell Automation’s RSLogix 500
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Hardware
One of the nice things about Allen-Bradley’s smaller PLCs is the relative simplicity of
assembling the hardware to create a system.
First, let’s see what it takes to assemble an SLC 500 system. You only need to have a
few components: a rack, a power supply, a processor and some I/O modules.
SLC Rack
These come in four configurations, with varying capacity for installing the I/O modules.
A rack is a frame that holds the modules of an SLC 500 system. It is similar to the
motherboard and case in your personal computer. It provides a physical structure to
hold the modules that create a system, like your computer’s case. It also provides an
electronic back plane that allows modules to communicate and interact.
In an SLC system, the SLC 500 processor always resides in Slot 0, which is the first
slot.
1746-P1
1746-P2
1746-P3
1746-P4
1746-P5
1746-P7
SLC Processors
There are five SLC 500 processors available:
SLC 5/01
SLC 5/02
SLC 5/03
SLC 5/04
SLC 5/05
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The 5/01 is the most basic processor, with each succeeding model having more
capabilities. The most important difference is found in the SLC 5/05, which has the
capability of Ethernet communications.
Use the link below to download Allen-Bradley’s literature on the SLC 500 systems:
http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/sg/1747-
sg001_-en-p.pdf
Use this link to find manuals regarding Allen-Bradley PLCs:
http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/public/documents/webassets/browse
_category.hcst
MicroLogix 1000
The MicroLogix 1000 is a self-contained unit that offers up to 20 digital I/O points and 5
analog I/O points. It differs from the SLC family in that it is just one physical unit.
MicroLogix 1200
The MicroLogix 1200 is a modular unit, allowing you to customize and expand your I/O.
The highest capacity racks provide space for four additional I/O modules.
MicroLogix 1500
The 1500 continues in that theme with six expansion slots, providing over 256 I/O points
and a couple of counters and outputs.
PLC Programming with RSLogix 500 How to Program an Allen-Bradley SLC 500 with Rockwell Automation’s RSLogix 500
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A full description of the MicroLogix family can be found on Rockwell’s site at the link
below.
http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/br/1761-
br006_-en-p.pdf
Software
All the SLC and MicroLogix processors use RSLogix software to program the PLCs.
Admittedly, the software is a bit pricey, but in my opinion, it is worth it.
It is certainly worth downloading the software so that you can gain firsthand experience
with RSLogix.
Rockwell is currently advertising a MicroLogix 1000, offering “prices that start at only
$99”.
In the meantime, though, download the RSLogix 500 Starter Software here:
http://www.ab.com/plclogic/micrologix/1000/RS500starter.html
Hopefully, Rockwell won’t have changed any of the links to get this software after this
book is published. If they do, use this link on our site to find the page you need:
http://www.modernmediaonline.com/plc/rslogix500startersoftware.htm
PLC Programming with RSLogix 500 How to Program an Allen-Bradley SLC 500 with Rockwell Automation’s RSLogix 500
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Downloading the RSLogix 500 Starter Software
1. Use the link below to get to Rockwell’s Software Updates Page.
http://support.rockwellautomation.com/WebUpdates/product_list.asp
2. Search or scroll down until you find “RSLogix 500 Starter for 10 Point MicroLogix
1000 Programming Software”. Click on that link.
3. It will take you to a page where you will have to enter your user name to qualify for
the update. Fill in your name and click “Qualify for Update”.
4. Select “Option 1: Download All”. Click the button that says “Individual Files”.
5. A window should appear that lists all the files you need. Click on “Save All” to save
the files to the folder C:\Rockwell Web Downloads.
6. Go to your desktop and double-click on “My Computer”. Find the folder “Rockwell
Web Downloads”. Double-click on that folder.
Find “setup.exe” and double-click on it. Use the default settings and install the RSLogix
starter software.
You can now run the program as you would any other Windows program.
http://support.rockwellautomation.com/WebUpdates/product_list.asp
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and search for “RSLinx Lite Software”. Fill in your name and click “Qualify for Update”.
4. Select “Option 1: Download All”. Click the button that says “Individual Files”.
5. A window should appear that lists all the files you need. Click on “Save All” to save
the files to the folder c:\Rockwell Web Downloads.
Double-click on “9355WAB100ENE”.
Find “setup.exe” and double-click on it. Use the default settings and install the RSLinx
software.
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Ladder Logic
Before we open RSLogix and start programming, there are a few things you need to
know about PLCs in general. I have summarized the basic terms and techniques
required to work with ladder logic. It isn’t a comprehensive summary, but if you are just
starting out, the information here book will be very helpful.
Every PLC programmer, no matter what skill level, must know the principles described
in this section and the Equivalent Logic section. There is simply no way around it.
To effectively write a program, or even edit one, the programmer must know how to
visualize the effects of the changes he will make.
In other words, you have to be able to look at the logic “on paper” and imagine how the
logic will work when it is entered into the PLC.
BIT - an address within the PLC. It can be an input, output or internal coil, among
others.
In RSLogix, there are a couple of ways to show the address of a bit. The default is:
[type]:[word]/[bit]
For example, an address that references an output of an SLC 500 is O:5/0. That is:
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Remember that the first slot in an SLC 500 rack is Slot 0. That means a card that is
installed in the 6th physical slot is addressed as Slot 5.
By the way, don’t get the capital “O’s” confused with zeroes.
RUNG - A section of the PLC ladder program that terminates in an output function of
some type. Just like in an electrical ladder diagram, a rung has some type of output that
is turned on or turned off by the preceding entities in the rung. The first rung in a ladder
program is always 0000.
HARDWIRED INPUT - a physical connection to the PLC from an input device (switch or
sensor, etc.).
Allen-Bradley uses the capital letter “I” to designate a hardwired input. An address that
describes an input on an SLC 500 is I:4/0.
HARDWIRED OUTPUT - a physical connection from the PLC to an output device (relay
or pilot light, etc.) As was said above, an address that references an output of an SLC
500 is O:5/0.
INTERNAL COIL
This is a programmable bit used to simulate a relay within the PLC. The internal coil has
no connection to the outside world. It does not connect to an output card. Internal coils
are used to store information. The “contacts” of this “relay” can then be used multiple
times in other parts of the program.
In RSLogix, the “B3” (binary) file is commonly used for all the internal coils. There are
many other words in other files that have bits you can use as internal coils, but we are
going to stick with the B3 file for our application.
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Note that, unlike the Output and Input files, you have to use the file number in the
address. In this case, the default file number is 3.
TIMER
A timer is a programmable instruction that lets you turn on or turn off bits after a preset
time.
The two primary types of timers are TON for “timer on delay” and TOF for “timer off
delay”.
Timers in A-B SLC and MicroLogix processors use file 4 for their timers.
The address T4:0 simply refers to the timer. Each timer has bits that turn on after the
timing function is complete. You can address this bit by simply putting a “/DN” after the
timer address. DN stands for “done”.
For example, if timer T4:0 is a TON (timer on delay), then the bit T4:0/DN will turn on
after the timer has reached its preset value.
COUNTER
A counter is a programmable instruction that lets you turn on or turn off bits after a
preset count has been reached.
There are different types of counters available in the RSLogix, but the CTU (counter up)
instruction covers everything we will talk about here.
The address C5:0 simply refers to the counter. Each counter has bits that turn on after
the counting function is complete. You can address this bit by simply putting a “/DN”
after the counter address. DN stands for “done”.
For example, if counter C5:0 is a CTU (counter up), then the bit C5:0/DN will turn on
after the counter has reached its preset value.
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--] [-- Normally Open Contact
When used with a hardwired input, this instruction is off until there is a voltage applied
to the input. The bit address then goes high, or on, and the instruction becomes “true.” It
works the same way when it has the same address as an internal coil, except that the
coil must be turned on by logic in the program.
An XIC instruction can reference a hardwired input, a hardwired output, an internal coil
or a timer done bit, among others.
When used with a hardwired input, this instruction is "true" until there is a voltage
applied to the input. It then goes low, or off, and becomes “false.”
It also can be used with an internal coil, becoming true when the coil is off and
becoming false when the coil is on.
-( )- Output Coil
When used with a hardwired output, this function is off until the logic in the program
allows it to turn on. It then becomes “true”, and will energize the device that is wired to
the respective output.
If it is used as an internal coil, it will toggle the instructions associated with it. That is, it
will close a normally open instruction and open a normally closed instruction.
TRUE - An indication the a bit is “on”. If you press a pushbutton switch that is wired to
an input, then the bit is said to be true.
Also, if the logic in a rung turns on the output of the rung, then the rung is said to be
true.
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OK, that was a lot to cover and for you to understand – don’t worry, this will start getting
easier.
Equivalent Logic
Suppose we want to use a PLC to operate a pilot light. In its elementary form, PLC logic
is very similar to the hard-wired logic you would find in an electrical ladder diagram.
For example, if you wanted to turn on a light with a momentary pushbutton, you would
wire it like the circuit below. When you press PB1, the pilot light PL1 lights up.
H N
| PILOT |
| LIGHT |
| PB1 PL1 |
|---] [---------------------------------------(L)----|
| |
|
Now let's do the same thing in an SLC. To duplicate the hardwired circuit on a PLC, you
would wire the switch PB1 to input I:4/0 and wire the light PL1 to output O:5/0.
Now let’s examine the sequence of events. When you first turn on the PLC, the PB1
pushbutton is off, or false. Therefore, the PL1 output is off. Pressing PB1 will make I:4/0
true, O:5/0 will come on and the light will be energized. It will stay on only as long as
you hold the button in.
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Just like electrical current has to flow through the switch to turn on the light in the
hardwired circuit, the logic has to "flow" through the normally open instruction (which is
“closed” when you press the switch) of I:4/0 to energize the output that turns on PL1.
One nice feature of Allen-Bradley PLCs is that you can document each bit in the
program. In the example above, “INPUT1” is somewhat meaningless on its own. After
you add the descriptive text “Start Motor PB1”, things make more sense.
Scan Time
One critical difference between a PLC program and the equivalent electrical circuit is
the issue of scanning. It works like this:
The PLC looks at the state of the inputs, and stores that information in a temporary
buffer. Then, it ignores what is happening electrically at the inputs. The PLC will use the
information in the temporary buffer to execute the logic in the program. It will solve the
logic from top to bottom, determining the truth of each rung, and turn on or turn off the
appropriate addresses in the temporary buffer.
When it reaches the last rung in the program, the PLC will use the data in the temporary
buffer to turn on or turn off the corresponding outputs. The scan cycle is complete, and
the PLC will once again look at the inputs. The amount of time this takes is called scan
time, and is measured in milliseconds.
Stated more simply, the PLC reads the inputs, performs the logic and adjusts the
outputs as needed.
Here’s the difference: An electrical circuit has events occurring simultaneously – a PLC
performs its logic in steps.
The very best way to learn a programming language is to see a real world application of
a working program. You can see how things are done and refer to the program in the
future as you write or edit your own programs.
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Project Scope
We will use a batching operation as an example. Batching, as you may know, is the
term that describes the mixing of assorted ingredients to make a finished product.
There are techniques that are common to batching, whether you are making soap or
cake mix. We are going to write a program that mixes a hypothetical window cleaner.
Someone has to define the batching procedure. Usually, this is done by a process
engineer or a chemical engineer. If the job of defining the project is done well, a
document called a Project Scope (or something similar) is generated.
It is extremely important that you clearly understand the entire process that is defined in
the scope. If you have any questions or concerns, you need to resolve those before you
begin programming. If you don’t, then the responsibility of errors and omissions, and
perhaps the blame, may be placed on you.
If you bring up questions that result in changes to the defined sequence of operations,
ask the originator to revise the Project Scope. In fact, it is not uncommon for a Project
Scope to undergo a number of revisions.
If there is a change that is not documented in the scope, you should document it by
getting an email from the originator that explains the change. If nothing else, you want
to make sure you understand what the change involves.
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Hyper-Glass Cleaner
Batching Project Scope
Goal
The goal of this project is to install a new automated batching system for mixing Hyper-
Glass Cleaner.
Overview
Three ingredients (city water, ingredient QR and ingredient KM) are added in specified
amounts by weight to the Mixing Tank. After all the ingredients have been added to the
Mixing Tank, the mixture is blended by running the agitator for a given time. When the
blending time is complete, the finished product is pumped to the Filling Lines for bottling
and final packaging.
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System Components
Component Function
Valve AV-CW Supplies city water to the Mixing Tank
Limit Switch LS-CW1 Indicates when valve AV-CW is closed
Limit Switch LS-CW2 Indicates when valve AV-CW is open
Pump PUMP-QR Pumps ingredient QR to the Mixing Tank
Valve AV-QR Supplies QR to the Mixing Tank
Limit Switch LS-QR1 Indicates when valve AV-QR is closed
Limit Switch LS-QR2 Indicates when valve AV-QR is open
Pump PUMP-KM Pumps ingredient KM to the Mixing Tank
Valve AV-KM Supplies KM to the Mixing Tank
Limit Switch LS-KM1 Indicates when valve AV-KM is closed
Limit Switch LS-KM2 Indicates when valve AV-KM is open
Scales Provides the current weight of the
ingredients in the tank to the PLC
Agitator MTR-MTA Blends the ingredients in the Mixing Tank
Pump PUMP-MT Pumps ingredient MT from the Mixing
Tank
Valve AV-MT Supplies the finished product to the Filling
Lines
Limit Switch LS-MT1 Indicates when valve AV-MT is closed
Limit Switch LS-MT2 Indicates when valve AV-MT is open
Ultrasonic Level Sensor ULS-1 Indicates the level in the Mixing tank
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Operator Panel Layout
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Operator Panel Components
Component Function
SYSTEM READY pilot light PL1 Indicates the system is ready for batching
SYSTEM FAULT pilot light PL2 Indicates the system has a fault and is
stopped
START BATCH pushbutton switch PB1 Starts a new batch
STOP BATCH pushbutton switch PB2 Stops the batching process
ADDING WATER pilot light PL3 Indicates the system adding water to the
Mixing Tank
ADDING QR pilot light PL4 Indicates the system adding ingredient QR
to the Mixing Tank
ADDING KM pilot light PL5 Indicates the system adding ingredient KM
to the Mixing Tank
BLENDING pilot light PL6 Indicates the system is blending the
ingredients
PUMPING TO LINES pilot light PL7 Indicates the system is pumping the batch
to the Filling Lines
E-STOP PB3 Immediately stops the entire system
Electrical Specifications
The Ultrasonic Level Sensor ULS-1 provides a 0-10VDC signal to the PLC.
All output signals are 120VAC. A “dry contact” type of output module is required.
To begin a new batch, the operator will verify that the “SYSTEM READY” pilot light is on
and that the Mixing Tank is ready to receive ingredients.
The operator will then press the “START BATCH” pushbutton to begin the batching
process. No further operator input is required.
Automatic valve AV-CW will open. The “ADDING WATER” pilot light will illuminate.
The state of AV-CW will be verified by limit switch LS-CW2. If LS-CW2 is not made
within 2 seconds after the valve was told to open, a fault will be generated and the
system will shut down. The pilot light “SYSTEM FAULT” PL2 will illuminate indicating
that a fault has occurred.
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Valve AV-CW will remain open until 1275 lbs. of City Water is in the Mixing Tank. Valve
AV-CV will close. LS-CW1 will verify that the valve is closed within 2 seconds after the
valve was told to close. If the valve closure is not verified within 2 seconds, a fault will
be generated, the system will shut down and PL2 will illuminate.
All valves and their respective limit switches will work in the manner described above.
After the City Water has been added and LS-CW1 indicates that valve AV-CW is
closed, the “ADDING WATER” pilot light will turn off.
Valve AV-QR will be opened. The “ADDING QR” pilot light will illuminate. After the valve
position has been verified by LS-QR2, PUMP-QR will pump 390 lbs. of ingredient QR
into the Mixing Tank.
After the ingredient QR has been added to the Mixing Tank, valve AV-QR will close and
The “ADDING QR” pilot light will turn off.
After LS-QR1 indicates the valve has been closed, valve AV-KM will open. The
“ADDING KM” pilot light will illuminate. After the valve position has been verified by LS-
KM2, PUMP-KM will pump 173 lbs. of ingredient KM into the mixing tank.
After the ingredient KM has been added to the Mixing Tank, valve AV-KM will close.
The “ADDING KM” pilot light will turn off.
After LS-KM1 indicates the valve has been closed, the agitator motor MTR-MTA will
start. The “BLENDING” pilot light will illuminate.
After the agitator is finished, The “BLENDING” pilot light will turn off and valve AV-MT
will open. After LS-MT1 indicates the valve is open, the “PUMPING TO LINES” pilot
light will illuminate.
PUMP-MT will pump the entire batch to the filling lines. When the Ultrasonic Level
Sensor ULS-1 indicates that the tank is empty, PUMP-MT will turn off, valve AV-MT will
close and the batching cycle is complete. The “PUMPING TO LINES” pilot light will turn
off and the “SYSTEM READY” pilot light will illuminate.
During every phase of the batching process, the liquid level must be monitored by the
PLC. If the level rises to greater than 95% of that Mixing tank’s capacity, the system will
generate a fault and the batching process must be halted.
The operator may press the “E-STOP” pushbutton PB3 to stop the process at any time.
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END OF HYPER-GLASS CLEANER BATCHING PROJECT SCOPE
First, 1275 lbs. of water will be added to the Mixing Tank. Then, 390 lbs. of QR will be
added. The last ingredient is KM, of which we will add 173 lbs.
After all the ingredients are in the Mixing Tank, we have to blend it for 3 minutes.
After the batch is blended, we will the pump the finished product in the tank to the filling
lines.
We have to make sure all the valves open or close in less than 2 seconds. If they do
not, then we need to shut down the process.
We need to turn on the appropriate pilot lights to indicate what stage the batching
process is in.
We need to make sure the level in the Mixing Tank doesn’t get too high. If it does, we
must shut down everything.
We need to make sure that the respective valves for the pumps are open before we turn
on the pumps.
Which PLC?
There are certainly a number of factors that will determine which PLC you need. Without
getting into all of those, let’s just say that an SLC 5/03 has plenty of processing power
for this project and the cost is reasonable, so we will use one.
Before you can determine what modules, rack or power supply you need to buy, you will
have to know what your I/O requirements are. This involves the very critical step of
laying out your I/O.
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A bit of advice here: Don’t skimp on this step. Make sure the I/O is right before you
begin programming. A mistake or omission here will cost you ten-fold further down the
road.
There are three types of signals in the batching system: 120VAC digital inputs (limit
switches and pushbutton switches) 120VAC digital outputs1 (valves, motors and pilot
lights) and analog 0-10VDC inputs.
List all of the components in the system that are connected to the PLC. Categorize each
component according its type (digital input, digital output or analog 0-10VDC). It is best
to do this in an Excel spreadsheet. I have provided one for this project – it is called
IO_List.xls and is included in the files you downloaded.
Try to keep associated devices together. For example, the “ADDING WATER” pilot light
should be near Valve AV-CW. This will make the electrical prints easier to read and also
help to keep the PLC program organized.
I can’t stress how important it is to get the verbiage right in a descriptor. For example,
let’s look at LS-CW1. This particular limit switch is normally open, but held closed when
the valve is closed.
When the limit switch is closed, the input to the PLC will be on, or true.
1
Technically, the valves themselves are not 120VAC devices, but in this case, the solenoids that
subsequently drive the valves are. Likewise, the motors that run the pumps and the agitators may not be
120VAC, but the control circuitry that operates the motors is 120VAC.
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If we used the descriptor
Limit Switch
LS-CW1
that wouldn’t tell us too much without referring to the prints. Plus, it is a little redundant,
as we know it is a limit switch based on the “LS” prefix in the device name.
City Water
Valve AV-CW
Closed
LS-CW1
then that tells us immediately, without referring to the prints, that the City Water valve is
closed as indicated by the limit switch LS-CW1.
After you go online with a PLC, if an input is on, the symbol for the bit is highlighted.
You can quickly realize the descriptor statement is currently true, as shown below.
The Project Scope said that the Scales and the This is a good time to call
Ultrasonic Level Sensor provide 0-10VDC signals. your local Allen-Bradley
We can use an Allen-Bradley 1746-NI4 Analog 4 representative and have him assist
channel Input Module. Make sure that the DIP you in selecting the parts you
need. He can work directly from
switch on the module is set for 0-10VDC (the
your I/O listing and probably save
same module can be configured to read 4-20mA you a bunch of time.
signals).
For the inputs, we can use the 1746-IA16 120VAC Input module. Since 11 inputs are
needed for the system, this card will provide 5 spares.
You might recall from the Project Scope that contact output modules are required. We
will use the 1746-OW16 16-output relay module here. However, since 15 outputs are
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required by the system, that only leaves us one spare. It is best to buy and install two
modules.
Now we can see that four modules will provide the I/O we need to operate the system.
The next part we need to determine is the rack. SLC racks come with 4, 7, 10 or 13
slots. Since the processor consumes one slot, the best choice is the 1746-A7 7-slot
rack. That will give us two spare slots.
The final choice is the rack power supply. RSLogix will help you determine what power
supply is needed, but it would be best to consult with your A-B rep on this – again, save
time and hassles.
Most engineers like to put the output cards to the far right, so we will put the OW16s in
Slot 6 and Slot 7.
That leaves a gap of three slots in the middle of the rack. Since there is a good chance
that additional analog card might be needed in the future, we will put the remaining IA-
16 in Slot 5, next to the outputs.
The bottom line here is that, with the exception of the processor, it really does not
matter where you place the modules. It is more a matter of personal taste, and what
layout you think will be easiest to troubleshoot while allowing for future expansion.
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Assigning I/O Addresses
Here is the final layout for the cards in the rack:
Look at the I/O List spreadsheet. The first address we need to assign is the input for the
Scales.
Analog Inputs
Addressing some analog modules is a little different from addressing digital modules.
The NI4 has four inputs and uses one word for each input. The first input starts with 0
and the module is in Slot 1, so the address for the first input is I:1.0.
The Ultrasonic Level Sensor uses the second input. Its address is I:1.1.
The address for the third input is I:1.2. The fourth input is I:1.3. Since we don’t need
those for this project, they are labeled as spares.
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Digital Inputs
Our first digital input starts in Slot 4. Therefore, our first input will be I:4/0.
As a side note, RSLogix 500 lets you display the same address in a couple of different
ways. You can display the first bit in Slot 4 as:
or
Most people prefer the slot/bit method of displaying I/O addresses, so that is what we
will use.
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Digital Outputs
Our first digital output is in Slot 5. That makes the first output O:5/0.
In our project, the first output is for the SYSTEM READY pilot light PL1. Its address is
O:5/0.
A final note about the I/O list – take the time to do it right and keep it updated as the
project progresses.
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Installing RSLogix
There are a number of versions of RSLogix that are used with the many PLCs Rockwell
offers. We are going to reference RSLogix 500 in this book, as that is the software used
to program the SLC 500 PLCs.
Most Rockwell software uses a copy protection scheme that involves the use of an
“activation file”. RSLogix 500 uses this. You can install the software, but functions will
be limited without the activation file..
Activation files are first installed from the master disk supplied by Rockwell. They can be
moved from computer to computer, or back to the original master disk. The idea is that
Rockwell knows that hardware changes, so that if you want to replace an old computer
that you use for programming, you can move the activation file from the old computer to
your new one without buying a new activation file.
An alternative is to download the RSLogix Starter Kit. This software applies only to the
MicroLogix series, but it is very similar to the software used to program the SLCs.
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Running RSLogix
To run RSLogix, click:
Start > All Programs > Rockwell Software > RSLogix 500 English > RSLogix 500 English
We are going to use the format shown above to indicate what menu items you should
click on as you navigate the menus and sub-menus.
Click on “Start”.
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You will see this on your monitor.
Now choose
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Scroll down in the window and select “1747-L532C/D 5/03 CPU – 16K Mem. OS302”.
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Click “OK” and this screen will appear.
On the left, you see an explorer-type menu. This is called the Project tree. All of these
folders and files allow you to configure or view properties of the PLC or data files within
the PLC.
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The first thing we need to do is
configure the I/O. Double-click
on “IO Configuration”.
Tip: If the windows on the main screen are
In the first “Racks” drop-down rearranged accidentally, choose
menu, choose “1746-A7 7-Slot
Rack”. Window > Arrange > Default Project > OK
Now, we need to define what and the normal view will be restored.
I/O modules we are using. The
box on the left shows the 7 slots that are available in our rack. Slot 0 (the first slot) is
used by the processor.
In referring to our I/O spreadsheet, Slot 1 is reserved for the analog input module. In the
Current Cards Available window to the right, scroll down until you find “1746-Ni4 Analog
4 Channel Input Module”. Double-click on it and you will see that it has been moved to
the window on the left and now occupies Slot 1.
Again, looking at our I/O spreadsheet, we see that Slots 2 and 3 are not used.
Click on Slot 4 so that it is highlighted. In the Current Cards Available window, scroll
until you find “1746-I*16 Any 16pt Discrete Input Module”. Double-click on it and it is
shown in Slot 4.
Make sure Slot 5 is highlighted and find “1746-O*16 Any16pt Output Module”. Double-
click on it so that it shows up in Slot 5.
If you want to remove a card, highlight the card and press the “Delete” key,
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When you are finished, your configuration should look like this:
The “Power Supply” button will help you select the right power supply for the rack based
on the modules you have specified, but it is best to contact your Rockwell
representative to help you with this.
If you are online for the first time with a PLC, the “Read IO Config” button will tell you
how the PLC’s I/O is configured.
The “Adv Config” button allows you to perform advanced configuration functions for
each card. In this case with our modules, there is no need to change any of the default
values.
When you are done with the I/O configuration, close the window. Your settings will be
saved and you will see the main programming screen.
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Select
In the “Set Colors for:” window, click on “Descriptions”. Choose white as a background
color.
Select the “Fonts” tab. Depending on your monitor, you may prefer something else, but I
like Arial. Select the font size of your choice and click “OK”.
In RSLogix, find the output file O0 – OUTPUT in the Data Files folder and double-click
on it. The screen below will appear.
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Scrolling to the right or stretching out the window will reveal what type of card is
configured for each slot.
Output O:5/0 is highlighted, so you can double click on the “Desc:” box to type in the
description.
However, since you did your work in advance, there is an easier and more accurate
method.
Copy the descriptor for the spreadsheet for O:5/0. You may need to put a return in to
get the device name to appear by itself on the bottom line.
Click “OK”.
Now click on the next position to the left in the Data File. This is output O:5/1, and is
indicated in the field just below the scroll bar.
Double-click on the “Desc:” field and copy and paste the descriptor for O:5/1 from your
spreadsheet into the box. Again, you may have to insert a hard return here or there to
get it to appear the way you would like.
Continue in this manner until you have entered all the descriptions for the outputs.
Close the window.
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Now find the input file I1 – INPUT in the Data Files folder and double-click on it.
This looks a little different from the output file. It is because we have an analog input
card. Again, scrolling to the right or stretching out the window will reveal what type of
card is configured for each slot.
The first line showing address I:1.0 is for the first channel of the Analog NI4 card. In our
case, this is where the Scales for the Mixing Tank will be wired. Since it is a word we
will be seeing, and not just one bit, we want to add the descriptor to the entire word.
Click on the “0” in the lower right of the table so that I:4/0 shows up in the box. Add the
descriptor just like you did for the outputs. Continue until you have all the inputs labeled.
Close the window.
You can enter descriptors for Binary (B3) files, Timer (T4) files, Counters (C5) and so in
the same way. If you know how these files are going to be laid out then it is a good idea
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to add descriptors now. In our case, we will add descriptors to these bits and files as we
program.
In this project, we certainly want the E-Stop to be part of this logic. Our E-Stop (or,
emergency stop) pushbutton switch is wired in such a way that the input must be on for
the system to operate.
You can also insert a rung by clicking on the rung number and
pressing the “insert” key.
You can select a rung and choose Edit > Insert Rung.
There are a number of ways to perform many functions in RSLogix. Throughout the
remainder of this book, I will use what I believe is the easiest method for you to
understand and remember.
Make sure you have the default view displayed in RSLogix. It will show one rung with
the (END) instruction all the way to the right. This rung cannot be deleted or edited.
We need to insert a new rung. Right-click in the LAD 2 window on the rung number
0000. A menu will appear. Choose “Insert Rung”.
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Your screen should look like this:
We want to use the E-Stop input in this rung. Find the XIC (examine if closed) tool
button in the User menu.
Click and drag it toward the new rung you just created. You will see that as you get near
the rung, two red squares will appear. These are possible landing points for your
instruction. Move your pointer toward the one on the left. As you get near it, the square
will change color from red to green. Release the mouse button and your screen should
look like this.
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Press the enter key on your keyboard. Type in the address of the E-Stop pushbutton
input, which is I:4/15. Your screen now looks like this.
Remember that we want to create the logic for a bit that must be on if the system is to
run. We will use an internal bit from the B3 file.
Click and drag the OTE (output energize) tool button from the User menu down to
the new rung. Place it on the marker at the far right.
Press enter. Type the address B3:0/0 and press enter. This is the first bit in the B3 file,
and since this bit has a lot of importance in our program, that is appropriate.
The address description box appears automatically. Type “System Enable” into the box.
We know from the Project Scope that the system must stop if there is a fault. We are
not sure of the details of all those faults yet, but we do know that we will summarize
those faults somewhere in the program. It will result in a bit. We will use the address
B3:0/1 for that bit. We also know that we want the “System Enable” to be on if we do not
have a fault.
Bear with me here and it will make sense. Click and drag the XIO (examine if open) tool
button from the User menu down to the new rung. Place it just to the right of the E-
stop input. Press enter and type B3:0/1. Press enter and type “System Fault” in the
descriptor box.
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It should look like this:
Let’s see what we have. The logic of the rung works just like an electrical circuit. If the
E-Stop is cleared and there is not a System Fault, the System Enable bit will be on.
That is exactly what we want. We will work out the fault logic later.
Notice that the System Fault bit is highlighted. That means the XIO instruction is true;
that is, there is currently no system fault.
The last thing we need to do is verify the rung. Right-click on the rung number and
choose “Verify Rung”. Notice that the lower case “e” will disappear.
Right-click on the last rung and choose “Insert Rung”. Click and drag the XIC (examine
if closed) tool button from the User menu to the left side of the new rung. Enter the
address I:4/0.
Click and drag the OTE (output energize) tool button from the User menu down to
the new rung. Place it on the marker at the far right. We are creating a new bit that
indicates the system is currently batching. Enter the address B3:0/2. Label this bit
“System Batching”.
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If the operator chooses, he may stop the batch. We will make use of the “Stop Batch”
pushbutton. Click and drag the XIO (examine if open) tool button from the User
menu down to the new rung. Enter the address I:4/1.
We don’t want the operator to be able to start a batch if the System Enable bit is not on.
We will add that by dragging the XIC (examine if closed) tool button to the left side
of the new rung. Enter the address B3:0/0.
This rung will work much like a traditional motor starter circuit that uses a contact from
the motor starter wired in parallel with the start button to hold in the coil. In the PLC, the
“contact” is an XIO with the same address as the “coil”, which is B3:0/2.
We need to “wire the contact” in parallel with the start button. We do this with a branch
instruction. Drag the Branch tool button and place it on the marker between the
System Enable bit and the Start Batch bit.
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It will look like this.
We want the branch to go around the Start Batch bit. Now click and drag the right side
of the branch to marker just to the right of the Start Batch bit.
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Release the mouse button and the branch will appear around the Start Batch bit.
Click and drag the XIC (examine if closed) tool button from the User menu to the
left side of the new branch. Type in the address B3:0/2.
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This is called a latching rung. If the System Enable bit is on, the System Batching bit
can be latched by momentarily pressing the Start Batch pushbutton. The System
Batching bit will stay on and the rung will remain latched until the Stop Batch pushbutton
is pressed or the System Enable bit goes off.
Thinking ahead, though, we know that the system will stop the batch automatically after
it has pumped all the finished product to the filling lines. We are not sure how we will
know that yet, but we know we need a bit to unlatch the rung.
Click and drag the XIO (examine if open) tool button from the User menu down to
the marker just in front of the System Batching OTE instruction. Address it as B3:0/3
and type in the descriptor “Batch Complete”.
Right-click on the rung number and verify the rung. It should appear like this.
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Batching Steps
As you recall from the project scope, there are a number of steps needed to create the
finished product. They are:
We know that if the system is enabled but not currently batching, it is ready to begin a
batch. We need insert a new rung and create a “System Batching” and “System Ready”
bit.
You can see how Rung 0002 should look in the picture below. The “System Ready” bit
will be on when the system is enabled, but not batching.
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To actually initiate the batch and hold the batch in Step 1, we are going to use the
Output Latch (OTL) instruction. This instruction works in conjunction with the Output
Unlatch (OTU) instruction. The instructions will work on the same bit address, but are
typically found on different rungs.
The batch will be started when the operator pushes the Start Batch button. We will latch
that bit and label it Step 1.
As a side note, I am going to skip a few addresses in the B3 file. It is always a good
idea to leave a gap here and there in the event that you need to add a bit later. It
doesn’t affect the operation of the program, but it makes the data files more organized
and easier to troubleshoot.
Insert a new rung at the bottom of the ladder. We need an XIC for the System Ready bit
and an XIC for the Start Batch pushbutton at the beginning of the new rung.
Click and drag the XIC (examine if closed) tool button from the User menu to the
left side of the new branch. Type in the address B3:0/2 and press enter.
To save some typing, you can copy and paste instructions. Highlight the Start Batch
instruction in Rung 0002.
Press CTRL-C.
Press CTRL-V. The instruction is duplicated on Rung 0003. Copy and paste bit in the
same way
Click and drag the OTL (output latch) tool button from the User menu to the right
side of the new branch. Type in the address B3:0/10 and add the descriptor “Batch Step
1”.
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However, what if the button is pressed if the system is already batching and in another
step? To prevent that from happening, we will make sure that the only way the system
can enter Step 1 is if it is not in another step already. Add a series of XIO instructions.
Address them from B3:0/11 to B3:0/14. Type in the appropriate descriptors. Verify the
rung.
You can see how RSLogix handles rungs that are too long to be displayed on one side.
You can compensate for this by maximizing the LAD 2 window, or stretching it to the
left. Remember that if you want to return to the default view, choose Window > Arrange >
Default Project.
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You may wonder why we chose not to use the OTL output latch instruction in Rung
0001. Many times, it is a matter of personal choice; sometimes a “traditional” latch rung
is better than using an OTL. In Rung 0001, we were able to keep all the logic affecting
the System Batching bit on one rung. This makes it easier to read and a little more
condensed. Some people view a traditional latch as a bit safer. It’s your call, though.
Analog Inputs
Before we continue with Step 1, we need to program the Mixing Tank Scales and the
Ultrasonic Level Sensor. Since the logic associated with these devices is not necessary
tied to Step 1, but common to the entire program, let’s put them in a sub-routine.
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We do this by right-clicking on “Program Files” in the Project menu on the left and
choosing “New”. The Name is limited to 11 characters, so we will call it ANALOG. The
description will be “Mixing Tank Scales and Level Sensor”. Click OK.
That reminds us that we did not name LAD 2. Let’s do that right now. Right-click on LAD
2 and choose Rename. We will call it MAIN.
LAD 2 is, by default, the program that will run when the SLC is first powered up. Like
subroutines in other programs like Visual Basic or C, we need to tell the main program
to execute the sub-routine.
We need to put a JSR (jump to subroutine) instruction in LAD 2. In this case, it really
doesn’t matter where it is placed, but putting it at the top makes sense.
Insert a rung at the top of the ladder. In the Instruction menu, click on the right arrow
until the “Program Control” tab is shown. Click on the tab.
Drag the Jump to Subroutine (JSR) tool button to your new rung. Type in a “3” to tell the
instruction to go to LAD 3.
Add the descriptor “Mixing Tank Scales and Level Sensor”. Verify the rung.
In the Project menu, double-click on LAD 3 – ANALOG. This opens the new ladder file
you just created. Insert a new rung.
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We are going to enter an instruction in a new way. Double-click on 0000 for Rung 0000.
This opens up the ASCII editor.
Type SCP in the box and press enter. SCP stands for “Scale with Parameters”. It allows
you to take an analog input from a sensor and scale it to the output units you want.
Before we start scaling, let’s take a moment to see how the Allen-Bradley NI4 converts
a 0-10VDC signal to a number. The NI4 is an analog-to-digital processor that takes the
0-10VDC signal and converts it to a number between 0 and 16384.
The NI4 will yield a number from 0 to 16384 that is directly proportional to the 0 to
10VDC signal that is applied at the input.
In other words, zero volts on the input of the NI4 means that the NI4 will provide 0 as a
value to the PLC. Ten volts on the input will yield 16384. Five volts on the input will yield
half of 16384, or 8192, and so on.
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The SCP instruction starts out looking like this.
Each of the six parameters (Input, Input Min., Input Max., Scaled Min., Scaled Max. and
Output) has two fields associated with them. Each field is currently filled with a question
mark. The first field is a value that you assign. The second field is the actual value
returned by the processor.
The Input Min parameter is the value that is read by the analog card when there is no
liquid in the tank. With our scales, this value is 0.
The Input Max is the value that is read by the card when the tank is full. Our Mixing tank
weighs 2000 lbs. when it is full of liquid. We measured the voltage that the Scale put out
when the tank was full and found it to be 10 volts.
So, in this case, 2000 lbs. in the tank equals 10 volts, which means the NI4 will read out
16384 when the tank has 2000 lbs. of liquid in it.
The Scaled Min parameter is the lowest value you want the SCP to calculate in the units
you want. In this case, it is 0, and we are using pounds as our units.
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The Scaled Max parameter is the highest value you want the SCP to calculate. For the
Scales in our project, it is 2000.
The Output parameter is typically an address where you want to store the result of the
SCP. We are going to put it in the N7 file (integer). We will store it specifically in N7:0.
Admittedly, the numbers rarely work out like this, but for simplicity’s sake, I made them
easy to work with.
The real beauty of the SCP is apparent after you go online. Let’s say that you couldn’t
really calibrate the scales previously by using voltmeter.
After you go online, and you are getting live data from the SCP instruction, you can
visually verify that the tank is empty.
Hoverer, you are reading 133 from the NI4. You simply enter 133 as the Input Min
parameter.
When the tank is full, you see that the reading is 14733. Enter 14733 as the Input Max
parameter and the SCP will calculate the rest for you.
The important thing to remember is that the value in N7:0 is the actual weight of the
tank in pounds. We will use that when we program the setpoint logic.
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Setting Up An SCP To Calculate Tank Level
First, let’s insert a new rung and create an SCP the same way we did the first time.
The Scaled Max is 100. We want to read the level of the tank as a percent of full.
The Output is stored in N7:1, with the descriptor “Liquid Level of Mixing Tank (%)”.
There is one more rung we need to add to this ladder file. Do you remember the JSR
instruction we used to get the program here? We have to tell it to go back.
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Insert a new rung and the RET (return) instruction.
Now that we have our Scales working, we can add some water.
We will open the city water valve in this rung, so we want to make sure that it is still safe
and desirable to open the valve. That is, make sure that there are no faults, the E-Stop
button has not been pressed and the Stop Batch pushbutton has not been pressed.
Using an XIC with the System Batching bit will confirm all of that. Insert an XIC with the
address B3:0/2.
Since we only want to open this valve and add city water in Step 1, insert an XIC with
the address B3:0/10.
Remember that we want to put 1275 lbs. of water in the Mixing Tank. We will use the
LEQ (Less than or Equal To) instruction to accomplish that.
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Select the “Compare” tab on the instruction tool menu. Click and drag the LEQ tool
button to the marker just to the left of the OTE.
Source A in the instruction is the Tank Weight, which is N7:0. Enter that address.
Source B is our setpoint, which as you recall from the Project Scope is 1275 lbs. Enter
1275 for Source B.
The LEQ instruction will remain true as long as the tank weight does not exceed 1275
lbs.
After the correct amount of city water has been added, we need to proceed to Step 2.
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We will make use of the fact that we know the system is currently in Step 1, but the
Mixing Tank has enough water (1275 lbs) to go to the next step.
We will use the OTU (Output Unlatch) instruction to turn off the bit we latched in Rung
0004.
The XIC instruction B3:0/10 Batch Step 1 is on. The Mixing Tank weight has reached
the setpoint of 1275, so the GEQ (Greater Than or Equal To) instruction is also true. As
a result, the bit B3:0/10 Batch Step 1 is unlatched (turned off) and B3:0/11 Batch Step 2
is latched (turned on).
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Step 2 – Adding Chemical KM
Step 2 will be similar to Step 1, so rather than creating new rungs from scratch, we are
going to copy and paste the rungs from Step 1.
Click on the rung number for Rung 0005. Hold the SHIFT key and click on the rung
number for Rung 0006. Both rungs will be highlighted in red.
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Press CTRL-C.
Press CTRL-V. You now have new rungs, 0007 and 0008.
We will be looking for a setpoint of 1275 + 390, since there is already 1275 lbs. of water
in the Mixing Tank and we need to add 390 lbs. of QR. Change Source B in the LEQ
instruction to 1665.
Refer to your I/O list spreadsheet and note that the QR automatic valve is addressed as
O:5/3. Change the OTE from O:5/1 to O:5/3.
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Change the OTU (Output Unlatch) instruction from B3:0/10 to B3:0/11.
There is a major process difference between adding City Water and adding QR – the
QR chemical needs to be pumped.
First, we want to make sure the valve is being instructed to open, so we will use an XIC
from pump AV-QR in the logic. Next, we will wait to turn on the pump until the valve is
verified to be open by limit switch LS-QR2. As a failsafe, we will look at limit switch LS-
QR1 to make sure it is not indicating the valve is closed.
So that you can learn a bit more about ASCII editing, we will construct the entire rung
from the ASCII command line.
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Double-click on Rung 0008. The ASCII string input box appears. Type in the following
string:
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Press enter and the instructions appear.
Click on Rung 0007, hold down the SHIFT key and click on Rung 0009 to select the
new rungs. Press CTRL-C. Click on the last rung and press CTRL-V.
We will be looking for a setpoint of 1665 + 173, since there is already 1665 lbs. of water
in the Mixing Tank and we need to add 173 lbs. of KM. Change Source B in the LEQ
instruction to 1838.
Change the latch and unlatch outputs to increment the system to Step 4.
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It should look like this after you have made the changes and verified the rungs.
Step 4 – Blending
After all the ingredients are in the Mixing Tank, we have to run the Agitator for 3
minutes.
We will set up a timer to run for 3 minutes. When the timer is done, we will increment
the system to Step 5. That will turn off the Agitator.
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Click the “Timer/Counter” tab on the instruction tool menu. Click and drag the TON tool
button down to the right side of the new rung.
This type of timer is called a Timer On Delay. As soon as the instructions preceding it
are true, it will begin timing. The Enable bit (EN) will turn on. After it reaches its Preset
value, the Done bit (DN) will turn on.
First, we have to assign an address to the timer. All timers in RSLogix 500 use the T4
data file. They start with 0 and continue up until they reach they end of the data file. We
will address this timer as T4:0.
There are a number of time bases available that interact with the preset and
accumulated values. To find the total time that a timer will be timing, multiply the time
base by the preset value.
We want to time for 3 minutes, or 180 seconds, so we will choose a Time Base of 1.0
and enter a preset of 180.
Leave the accumulated value at 0, as this will be changed as the timer begins timing.
The completed rung looks like this.
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To run the Agitator, insert a new rung at the bottom.
Click on the “User” tab of the tool button menu and drag an XIC instruction to the
first marker of the new rung. We will use the Enable bit (EN) of the timer for the
address.
To assign a timer’s enable bit, simply add the suffix /EN to the address. For this
instruction, the address is T4:0/EN. Now add an OTE instruction with the agitator
motor’s address, which is O:5/9.
The enable bit of a timer is on only when the timer is enabled. In Rung 0013, for
example, if the System Batching bit turns off, or the Batch Step 4 bit turns off, the timer
will no longer be enabled. Consequently, its enable bit, T4:0/EN will turn off.
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We will turn off the timer by incrementing the system to the next step when the timer is
done.
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Insert a new rung at the bottom and drag an XIC to the first marker. We will assign the
Done bit (DN) of the timer to this instruction. It is formatted just like the Enable bit,
except you use /DN as the suffix. Address this instruction as T4:0/DN.
We will use the same method to increment the system to Step 5 that we have used
previously. Drag an OTU instruction to the last marker in the rung. Address the
instruction to be Step 4, which is B3:0/13.
Insert a new branch around the OTU by dragging a Branch tool button to the marker
in front of the output. Grab the right leg of the branch and move it to the marker after the
output.
Insert an OTL instruction on the bottom of the branch and address it as B3:0/14.
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Now, when the timer is done and T4:0/DN turns on, it will unlatch Step 4 and start Step
5.
Click on Rung 0010. Hold down the SHIFT key and click on Rung 0012.
Press CTRL-C.
We will use the Ultrasonic Level Sensor to determine if the tank has liquid in it. We will
use a GEQ instruction to accomplish this.
Double-click on the “LEQ” text in the LEQ instruction. Type GEQ (for Greater than or
equal to) in that space. Change Source A of the instruction to N7:1. This is the address
of the scaled level sensor.
We may be tempted to put a value of 0 into Source B, but that could be risky. First,
pumping the tank dry might be hard on the pump. Second, because of drift in the level
sensor, we might never get a reading of zero in some instances.
The Process engineers have told us that emptying the tank to 3% is desirable. Put a 3
in for the value of Source B.
Change Rung 0017 to show the correct valve, limit switches and pump addresses.
Since this is the last step in the batching process, we will use Rung 0018 to increment
out of Step 5 and complete the batching cycle.
Copy the GEQ instruction from Rung 0016. Click on the instruction, press CTRL-C and
click on the GEQ instruction in Rung 0018. Press CTRL-V.
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Delete the other GEQ from Rung 0018 (the one that references the tank weight).
Right-click on the OTL (L) instruction in the bottom branch. Choose “Change Instruction
Type” and make it an OTE. Change the address to B3:0/3. This is the “Batch Complete”
bit.
When the system enters Step 5, the Mixing Tank will be nearly full. The GEQ instruction
will be true and open the Mixing Tank valve.
When the valve has been opened and verified by the limit switches, the pump will run.
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When the level in the tank drops to 3%, the valve will close and the Mixing Tank pump
will stop.
Simultaneously, the Batch Step 5 bit will be unlatched and the Batch Complete OTE
instruction will be turned on. It will trip the latch in Rung 0002 and turn off the System
Batching bit.
The system returns to its idle state and is ready to begin a new batch.
Faults
The program may be complete in an operational sense, but we need to add the logic to
detect faults.
Right-click on “Program Files” in the Project menu and choose “New”. Name the file
“FAULTS” and enter “System Faults” as the description.
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Type in the logic as shown below.
We must accommodate the two conditions that indicate a fault. The first is that the valve
was told to open, but did not open. The second fault condition is that the valve was told
to close, but did not close.
Remember that the limit switches on the valves are electrically normally open and will
be physically held closed by the valve when it is in position.
When the valve is closed, we should get a signal to the input I:4/2 when limit switch LS-
CW1 is activated by the valve.
When the valve is open, we should not get a signal to the input I:4/2, as limit switch LS-
CW1 is not activated by the valve.
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Conversely, when the valve is open, we should get a signal to the input I:4/3 when limit
switch LS-CW2 is activated by the valve.
When the valve is closed, we should not get a signal to the input I:4/3, as limit switch
LS-CW2 is not activated by the valve.
That is why we use the XIO (examine if open) instruction. We want to know if we do not
get a signal from the limit switches when we should. An XIO instruction used on an input
will always be true if there is no signal on the input.
Let’s look at how it handles the first fault condition (the valve was told to open, but did
not open).
The City Water valve output (O:5/1) is on but the limit switch LS-CW2 is open. That
means the XIO instruction for LS-CW2 in Rung 0000 is true. This creates an
undesirable condition and the timer will begin timing.
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The screenshot below shows what the state of the instructions would be after 1 second
of the valve being instructed to open, but LS-CW2 not yet being activated.
You can see that the City Water valve is being told to open, as O:5/1 is highlighted. You
can also see that LS-CW2 says that the City Water valve is not open, as it is also
highlighted. The timer has begun timing and has reached, or accumulated, 1 second.
If the timer reaches 2 seconds, the timer done bit T4:1/DN will come on and turn on the
System Fault bit B3:0/1 in Rung 0001.
Since we used the System Fault bit B3:0/1 in Rung 0001 of the MAIN ladder, this will
cause the “System Enable” bit to turn off.
Consequently, Rung 0003 of the MAIN ladder will become false and the system will stop
batching.
Let’s look at the other condition; that is, the valve was told to close, but did not close.
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That is what is accomplished in the branch in Rung 0001. If the valve output (O:5/1) is
not on but the limit switch is not activated, then the timer will begin and generate a fault.
Sometimes it gets confusing when you are working with the XIO instruction . The
logic is inverted and you have to flip some things around in your head.
The logic we have used here to detect a valve fault is fairly standard and its use is
widespread. The nice part about this logic is that it is pretty easy to troubleshoot. You
can physically look at the valve to see if it is open or closed. Then, you can look at the
input you are receiving from the limit switch. If you are getting a fault when you should
not, then just invert the instruction for the limit switch. Change it from an XIO to an XIC,
or vice versa.
Let’s create the fault timers for the remaining valves. This is the screenshot for the QR
valve and KM valve fault logic.
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This is the screenshot for the Mixing Tank valve fault logic.
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Notice how the System Fault rung has grown.
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To complete our fault logic, we need to add the Liquid High Level alarm. We can
achieve this with one GRT instruction in the System Fault rung. It is agreed that if the
liquid level reaches 95% of the tank’s capacity, it will fault.
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Adding a return (RET) instruction completes the ladder.
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Console Status Indicators – Pilot Lights
I have held off putting the logic in for the Pilot Lights in an effort to keep the text as
simple as possible. Now that you understand how the system operates, we can go back
through the program and add the pilot lights.
The first is the System ready PL1 pilot light. Find Rung 0003 in the MAIN ladder.
Clicking twice on the rung number will open the rung for editing.
Insert a branch around the B3:0/4 System Ready output. Put an OTE instruction on the
bottom rung of the new branch and address it O:5/0. With this logic, the light will come
on when the System ready bit is on.
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Adding water
Adding QR
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Adding KM
Blending
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Pumping to Lines
System Fault
We need to add a little logic to the System Fault pilot light. This light needs to stay on
after it detects a fault; otherwise, the system will stop and the operator won’t know there
was a fault.
We are using the STOP BATCH pushbutton to reset the fault light.
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Adding Rung Comments
A good rung comment explains in plain language what the rung is supposed to do.
These are very valuable. First, it is a way to double-check your own work. I have been
surprised at the number of times I have found a mistake in my logic as I was writing the
rung comments!
Second, it helps a person who is unfamiliar with the program quickly learn how the
program is supposed to work.
They can even get you out of a jam. If you have to troubleshoot a system 6 months after
you first programmed it, I can guarantee that you will not remember every reason for
every line of code you wrote. If you have written code in some other language before,
you certainly can understand the value of documenting your work.
The default for RSLogix is to attach the rung comment to the rung number. This is fine
until a rung is inserted above that rung. It is a much better practice to set the rung
comment to be attached to the Output Address.
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Choose
and select “Output Address” for “Default Rung Comment/Page Title Attachment”.
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Let’s use a rung from our program as an example.
Right-click on the rung number 0008 and choose “Edit Comment”. This box will appear.
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Type this in the Rung Comment field:
Run QR pump PUMP-QR after the QR valve is opened and the valve position is verified
by both valve limit switches. Turn on the "Adding QR" pilot light.
Notice that you don’t have to put details such as PLC addresses in the rung comment –
just document the concept of the rung.
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Expanding the Data tables
Before we go online and download the program, we should expand our data tables in
case we need to add a timer or a new integer after we go online. RSLogix 500 only
allows you to expand data tables if you are off line in program mode. This means the
process system must be shut down.
Let’s start with the B3 file. Right click on the B3-BINARY file in the Project tree. Choose
“Properties”. It will initially show 1 element, which means we have one word of 16 bits.
That means that we will only be able to use bits up to B3:15.
Change the number of elements to 4. This will give us 48 bits to work with; that should
be plenty for this project, and we still have more than enough memory in the PLC.
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We will do the same with the Timers. In the case of timers, counters, integers and
floating point decimals, 1 element means 1 word.
That is, if we want to be able to use 16 timers, we have to make sure the data table
contains 16 elements.
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Do the same with the C5 counter file. We don’t have any counters in the program yet,
but we might need one or two before we are done.
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Do the same with the N7 integer file.
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Connecting To The SLC And Going Online
You have written your
program and now you are
ready to download, or send,
the Batching program to the WARNING
computer. There are dangerous voltages present on
terminals of the PLC. Follow all warnings
First, backup up your original and instructions from the Allen-Bradley
file and put it in a safe place. manual for connecting power to the PLC. If
you are not familiar with hazards and the
Check the serial port settings potential dangers of these voltages STOP
of your computer in Control RIGHT NOW. Consult a trained
Panel. Make sure the baud professional who is able to assist you.
rate (or bits per second) of
your COM port is set as high as possible 57600 should work there.
Allen-Bradley provides a cable to connect the serial port of your computer to the 9-pin
serial port on the SLC 500 processor. Connect the cable and turn power on to the PLC.
Turn the key operated switch on the processor to the center position PROG (program).
If you do not have RSLinx installed, you will have to do that now.
After you install RSLinx, you will have to configure it for your computer and your PLC.
To do that,
Choose
Start > Programs > Rockwell Software > RSLinx > RSLinx
In the Notification are of your Taskbar (the lower right of your Windows screen) that
looks like this.
The one on the left is the RSLinx Communications Service. The other one is for the RSI
Directory Service.
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Click on the left one, the RSLinx Communications Service. The RSLinx screen will
appear.
Choose
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The driver screen appears.
Choose RS-232 DF1 devices from the “Available Driver Types” drop-down menu.
Click “OK”.
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You probably have your cable connected to COM1 of your computer. Click “Auto-
Configure”.
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In the box to the right of the “Auto-Configure” button, you should see a message that
says “Auto Configuration Successful”. In addition, the “Device:” box should show “SLC-
CH0/Micro/PanelView”.
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Click “OK”. You should see a screen like this.
Click “Close”. You may close the RSLinx screen – RSLinx will still run, as indicated by
the icon in the Notification area of your taskbar.
Open RSLogix.
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Choose Comms > System Comm… from the menu. You will see a screen like this. You may
have to maximize the screen and resize the panels to get the right view.
In the explorer panel on the left, click on the “+” next to “AB_DF1-1, DH-485”. You
should see animation in the icon, as the tiny blue square moves around the little
network symbol. The computer icon for address 00 indicates your computer. The icon
for address 01 indicated the PLC. In our case, it is an SLC-5/03.
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Select the SLC in the left window and click “OK”. The communications window will
close.
In the RSLogix 500 main screen, choose File. Select your program from the Recent File
List (it is probably 1).
Choose “Controller Properties” from the Project tree. Click on the “Controller
Communications” tab.
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Click “Apply” then “OK”.
Choose “Yes”.
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Since we are downloading a new configuration, this screen will appear.
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If things go well, you may be able to go online right away.
Choose “Browse” and find the folder where you file is located. Click “OK”.
The file name will show in the bottom box. Click on it to select it, then click “Upload Use
File”.
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You may need to change the Baud Rate of the PLC. Click “Channel Configuration” in
the Project tree and click on the “Chan. 0 – System” tab. Choose “19200” from the Baud
dropdown menu. Click “Apply” and “OK”.
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You will now see a screen like this. Notice that the ladder icon is animated to indicate
you are online.
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R u n Mo de
Before you go into Run Mode, make sure that the E-stop button works properly. I have
not included wiring diagrams in this book, but most codes state that all control power is
removed if the E-Stop button is pressed.
Make sure you follow your company’s start-up procedures as you begin testing the
system.
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The next step is to put the processor in Run Mode. Do not enter this step lightly; you
MUST keep the safety of your co-workers in mind. Look around the machine and make
sure everyone is safely located.
Find the mode drop-down menu in the upper left. It currently says “PROGRAM”. This
means that the PLC is not currently running the program.
The key switch in the PLC has 3 positions: RUN (run mode), REM (remote run mode,
meaning that the mode can be selected from RSLogix) and PROG (program mode).
Carefully switch to REM. This puts the processor in remote run mode. Notice what the
dropdown menu indicates.
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Click on the dropdown and choose “Test Continuous”. This is a special mode that
allows the program to run, but disables all outputs.
Scroll through the program using the scrollbar to the right in the LAD 2 – MAIN window.
Looking at Rung 0003, for example, you can see that the System Enable bit B3:0/0 XIC
is true, as indicated by the green highlight on the instruction.
Any XIC instruction tells the PLC to look at a bit, and if the bit is ON, then the instruction
is true.
The system is not batching as shown by the XIO instruction used for B3:0/2. An XIO
instruction tells the PLC to look at a bit, and if the bit is OFF, then the instruction is true.
The XIO instruction in Rung 0003 is true because bit B3:0/2 is off.
Because all of the preceding instructions before the B3:0/4 System Ready bit are true,
the OTE is true. Again, it is highlighted.
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Think of the equivalent hardwired relay circuit that would generate the same function as
Rung 0003. Imagine that we have 3 relays, labeled B3:0/0, B3:0/2 and B3:0/4. We have
wired a normally open contact of B3:0/0 in series to a normally closed contact of B3:0/2
and to the coil of B3:0/4. We have also wired a pilot light in parallel with the coil of our
imaginary relay B3:0/4.
The coil for relay B3:0/0 is energized, so the normally open contact is closed. The coil
for relay B3:0/2 is not energized, so the normally closed contact of B3:0/2 remains
closed. The coil of B3:0/4 is now energized. The pilot light is illuminated.
Getting back to our PLC rung, you can see that the branch that contains the pilot light
output shows that OTE is true also. However, since we are in TESTCONT mode, the
output on the module is not electrically energized. You can look at the card and see that
the LED for this output is off.
Look at Rung 0007. The first two instructions look right, as the system is not batching
and we are not in Batch Step 2. Neither of these is highlighted. However, the LEQ (less
than or equal to) is true; Source A is 0, which is certainly less than the value of 1665 in
Source B.
RSLogix does not highlight some instructions, such as an LEQ. You have to mentally
compare the numbers yourself to see if the instruction is true.
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We need to check our analog inputs. Double-click on “LAD 3 – ANALOG” in the Project
tree.
There is no liquid in the tank, so our input reads 0. The SCP instruction puts a value of 0
in the output register N7:0.
Rung 0001 of the analog ladder also reads correctly. Click on the “MAIN” tab at the
bottom of the ladder window to return to the main ladder.
After you are convinced that all of your logic is working properly, click on the mode
dropdown and select “Run”. A screen will appear asking you to verify the mode change
to Run. If you choose “Yes”, the outputs on the PLC will be energized, so be ready with
the E-Stop switch. Choose “Yes”.
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The dropdown menu will now display “REMOTE RUN”.
You can look at the LED on the PLC for output O:5.0/0 and see that it is on. This output
is for the System Ready pilot light.
Scroll to Rung 0004. Press the Start Batch pushbutton and you should see the XIC
instruction for I:4/0 highlighted. This makes the rung true, and B3:0/10 is turned on.
Release the pushbutton and the rung will look like this.
Notice that even though the rung is no longer true, B3:0/10 is on. This is because it is a
latch instruction and will remain on until the corresponding unlatch instruction is true.
Scroll to Rung 0005. You can see that system is in Batch Step 1 and that the City Water
valve is open. The pilot light is on.
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The liquid level in the tank is rising as shown in the LEQ instruction.
The sequence continues as the specified levels for each ingredient are reached.
As the ingredients are added, the tank level rises. When all the ingredients have been
added, the batch is blended and set to the filling lines.
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Editing in Run Mode
As always, though, there is a change in the project procedure.
There is a storage tank on the filling lines that Mixing Tank Pump PUMP-MT feeds. The
Process Engineer indicates that there may be a possibility of supplying too much
finished product to this tank and that it could overflow. He decides the storage tank
should have a high level switch mounted in it. If the level in the storage tank gets too
high, he wants you to disable the Mixing Tank pump.
We still have spare inputs available. Let’s use I:4/14. It is decided that the high level
switch will be wired in the failsafe mode; that is, the level switch will be closed until a
high level is reach. When wired in that fashion, if the wiring to the switch fails, you will
not receive a signal from the storage tank pump and the PLC will stop the Mixing Tank
Pump. The system will not run until the problem is corrected.
Scroll to Rung 0017. Double-click on the rung number. A column of “e’s” will appear.
The rung is now open for editing.
Click and drag the XIC tool button to the first marker after I:4/9. When the marker
turns green, release the mouse button.
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Type I:4/14 and press enter. Add the descriptor “Filling Line Storage Tank Ready” and
click “OK”.
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Up to this point, your changes have not been integrated into the sequence of the
program. You will notice that just below the rung you are editing the original version of
the rung is displayed.
To get your changes into the sequence, you must perform 3 steps:
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Make sure the rung number area is still highlighted in red. Locate the “Accept Current
Rung Edit” tool in the ladder window.
By the way, if you want to cancel your current edits, click the tool to the immediate right
of the “Accept Current Rung Edit” tool. This is called “Cancel Current Rung Edits” .
The tool will be now grayed out and the “Test Edits” tool now becomes available. In
addition, the “Cancel Edits” tool is available. You can click this if you want to cancel
your edits.
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The rung number area now shows a column of vertical bars and the revision rung below
shows a column of vertical “R’s”.
Click on the “Test Edit” button . A dialog box will appear asking you to verify this
action. Choose “Yes”.
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The ladder window now looks like this screenshot. The output has still not changed, but
you can see that the new input for the Filling Line Storage Tank is on and is working
properly.
You could still cancel your edits at this point with the “Untest Edits” tool button .
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The final step is to “Assemble Edits”. Locate the “Assemble Edits” tool icon .
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Click on the icon. A dialog box will appear asking you for confirmation. Choose “Yes”.
Your online edit is now complete. The Mixing Tank pump will not run unless it receives a
signal from the Filling Line Storage tank indicating the tank is ready to receive finished
product.
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A Final Note About Our Program
You may have noticed that we ignored some aspects of the system that perhaps should
have been addressed.
For example, in a real world system, you would probably have to make sure that the
supply of ingredients QR and KM are available. If not, the pumps could run dry, and this
is probably undesirable.
Another nice feature of the program would be to make sure the weight in the tank is
changing if we are adding an ingredient. If not, this certainly indicates some kind of
problem and the system should probably be shut down.
I have intentionally left out features like this for simplicity’s sake. I don’t want to
overwhelm you with too many “what ifs”.
The bottom line is that we fulfilled the Project Scope. This is the single most important
aspect of creating a successful program.
Feel free to ponder enhancements to this batching logic. Perhaps you can use those
ideas on your first real-world batching program.
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How Do I . . . ?
Here is an FAQ section to address the most asked questions regarding RSLogix.
How do I . . . ?
View > Properties > Comment Display uncheck Show Rung Comments
Show 3D Instructions
Edit A Rung In Run Mode (see the “Editing in Run Mode” section in this book)
Hint: instead of moving your pointer to confirm each dialog box, just press the space bar
– this is much faster.
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Cancel An Edit In Run Mode
Depending on what stage of the edit you are in, click one of these icons:
Cancel Edits .
Untest Edits .
Find An Instruction In The Program When You Only Know Some Of The
Descriptor Or Rung Comment
Press CTRL-F. Make sure the appropriate right boxes are checked. Type the text in the
“Find What:” box. Click “Find Next” or “Find All”.
If it is not visible, choose View > Toolbars and check “Logic Trace”. You can also drag it to
the ladder window and it will become free floating.
Just start RSLogix again. You can open a number of RSLogix windows simultaneously.
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Right-click on the output in the ladder logic. Choose “Force On”.
In the Forces Disabled/Enabled drop down, choose “Enable All Forces”. This will force
on the output and turn on the device that is connected to the output, no matter
what the logic in the rung says. The corresponding LED on the output module will
come on. Use this with caution.
This differs from forcing on an output in that you can’t force electricity to become
present at an input, but the PLC will think there is.
Right-click on the input in the ladder logic. Choose “Force On”. Unlike forcing an output,
the corresponding LED in the input module will not come on.
Disconnect From The PLC After All The Programming Changes Are Made
Choose File > Save (save the data tables). Disconnect the interface cable.
Right-click on an instruction and choose Goto Data Table. Click the “Usage” button and an
“X” will show what addresses you have already used. This technique works with any
type of file, such as timers, counters and integers.
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The Date Attribute Of The File Is Updated Every Time You Go Online Even If You
Don’t Save The Program.
Keep this in mind as you track your revisions.
You Cannot Add Program Files Or Expand Data Tables When You Are In Run
Mode.
Try to think ahead and include all the files as you write the program offline. Sometimes
you don’t have the option of shutting a machine down because, for example, you have
used all the timers in your T4 file and you need a new timer.
It is much safer to use the “Find Next” and “Replace” buttons. That way you can
evaluate each change you make.
Choose Tools > Options… > System Preferences and select “Output Address”.
Sometimes, files are corrupted through no fault of your own. You can always go back to
the previous version so that you have not lost all of your work.
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Don’t Turn Off Power To The PLC OR Your Computer During An Online Edit.
There is a good chance this will corrupt your current file.
Keep Track Of What You Are Doing If You Modify An Existing Program.
People will want to know.
Set Up A Printout.
Choose File > Report Options. This shows you everything you can print. If you are not
careful, though, you may get hundreds of pages, many of which you don’t need. Use the
“Print Preview” button to make sure you are getting only what you want.
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Address ONS (One Shots) Individually.
An ONS instruction is used to turn on a bit for one scan. The trick here is to remember
that in an A-B PLC, each ONS needs its own unique address. If you are working on a
large program, it may behoove you to create a new binary file just to hold your one-
shots.
Symbols
This is a type of label that can be used as a substitute for an address. There are some
advantages in terms of exporting the database, but in my experience, they are not used
much.
When You Are Done, Store Your Program To The EEPROM In The PLC.
It is a good idea to save your ladder file to the EEPROM. The onboard battery will keep
your program in the PLC’s RAM, but if the battery fails, the EEPROM will hold the
program.
If you were to go online without choosing a database, upload the file to your computer
and save it, there is a chance that you could overwrite the file that has all the rung
comments and address descriptors.
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Use The Built-In Automatic Program Backup
Choose Tools > Options… and set your Project Files Search Path. Make sure AutoSave is
enabled. RSLogix will automatically save your file every few minutes (the default is 10
minutes).
Click on a button at the top of the CGM screen to select it. In the screen area, click and
drag a square to create the object. Click and drag an address from your ladder program
and drop it on the object you just made. Double-click on the object to change
parameters and you will end up with something like this.
When you are in Run Mode, click on the blue arrow to run the CGM.
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Conclusion
I hope that you have found the information in this book useful. Some of the concepts we
have covered may seem confusing at first, but with time and effort, you will be able to
program a PLC to do whatever you want it to do.
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Index
1746-IA16 120VAC Input Module, 27 HARDWIRED OUTPUT, 12
1746-NI4 Analog 4 Channel Input I/O Modules, 7
Module, 27 Installing RSLogix, 30
1746-OW16 Relay Output Module, 27 INSTRUCTION, 11
AB_DF1, 99 JSR, 52, 56, 80
Accept Current Rung Edit, 116 LED, 109, 111, 124
Accept Current Rung Edits, 122 LEQ, 57, 58, 61, 64, 70, 71, 109, 112
Analog Inputs, 27 limit switches, 22, 24, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74,
Assemble Edits, 119, 122 88
Assigning I/O Addresses, 27 Memory, 124
Backup Your Files, 125 MicroLogix, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 30, 132
Baud Rate, 104 NFPA, 106
BIT, 11 normally open, 11, 14, 16, 24, 73, 109
Cancel An Edit, 123 One Shots, 127
CGM, 128 online edit, 120
Change The Screen Font, 122 OTE, 14, 42, 43, 47, 57, 58, 61, 63, 67,
COM1, 96 71, 72, 81, 108, 109
Configuring Colors, Fonts and Address OTL, 49, 51, 62, 69, 71
Display, 36 OTU, 49, 59, 62, 69
COUNTER, 13 Passwords, 126
Create An HMI In RSLogix, 128 Pilot Lights, 81
Descriptors, 37 Printout, 126
Digital Inputs, 28 PROG, 93, 107
Digital Outputs, 29 program mode, 89, 107
Disable A Rung With An AF, 125 Project Scope, 17
Done bit (DN), 66, 69 REM, 107
Download, 9, 10, 101, 104 REMOTE RUN, 111
Downloading, 9 remote run mode, 107
EEPROM, 127 RET, 57, 80
Enable bit (EN), 66, 67 Revision Notes, 127
Expand Data Tables When You Are In RS-232, 95
Run Mode., 125 RSLinx, 9, 10, 93, 94, 98, 132
Fault The Processor, 125 RSLinx Communications Service, 93, 94
Find Errors After A PLC Fault, 126 RSLinx Lite, 9, 10
Force, 123, 124 RSLogix 500 Software, 8
GEQ, 59, 61, 64, 70, 71 run mode, 107
Goto, 127 RUNG, 12
GRT, 79 Rung Comments, 85, 122, 125, 126,
HARDWIRED INPUT, 12 127, 128
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Running RSLogix, 31 timer, 11, 13, 14, 37, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,
Scan Time, 16 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 89, 125
Search And Replace, 125 TIMER, 13
Set The Date And Time, 126 Timer On Delay, 66
SLC 5/03, 27 Ultrasonic Level Sensor, 19, 21, 22, 25,
SLC 500, 1, 6, 7, 11, 12, 30, 93 27, 39, 51, 70
SLC Power Supply, 6 Untest Edits, 118, 123
SLC Rack, 6 upload, 104, 126, 127
System Fault, 42, 43, 75, 78, 79, 84 Use The Built-In Automatic Program
System Power-Up, 126 Backup, 128
Test Continuous, 108 Use The Data Table To Find Unused
Test Edit, 117 Bits As You Write Your Program, 124
Test Edits, 116, 122 voltage, 7, 14, 54
The Date Attribute Of The File Is Workspace, 127
Updated Every Time You Go Online XIC, 11, 14, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 57,
Even If You Don’t Save The Program., 59, 62, 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 76, 108,
125 111, 113, 125
Time Base, 66 XIO, 14, 37, 42, 43, 44, 47, 50, 63, 74,
76, 108
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THE FOLLOWING ARE TRADEMARKS OF ROCKWELL AUTOMATION, INC.
Allen-Bradley®
MicroLogix™
PanelView™
RSLinx®
RSLogix™
RSLogix™ 500
SLC™ 500
THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER OF THIS BOOK IS IN NO WAY AFFILIATED WITH ROCKWELL AUTOMATION, INC.
Disclaimer
THE AUTHOR INTENDS THIS DOCUMENT TO BE ADVISORY ONLY. ITS USE IN INDUSTRY OR TRADE IS
STRICTLY VOLUNTARY.
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY THE VENDOR “AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE VENDOR OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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