Assignment ‘Quantifier’

1. Let P(x)be the statement “x spends more than five hours every weekday in class,”
where the domain for x consists of all students. Express each of these
quantifications in English.
a) ∃xP(x)
There exsits some students spends more than five hours every weekday in
class.
b) ∀xP(x)
All students spend more than five hours every weekday in class.
c) ∃x¬P(x)
There exists some students not spends more than five hours every weekday in
class.
d) ∀x¬P(x)
All students not spends more than five hours every weekday in class.

2. Let P(x)be the statement “x can speak Russian” and let Q(x) be the statement “x
knows the computer language C++.” Express each of these sentences in terms of
P(x)
, Q(x), quantifiers, and logical connectives. The domain for quantifiers consists of all
students at your school.
a) There is a student at your school who can speak Russian and who knows C++.
∃x (P(x) Q(x))
b) There is a student at your school who can speak Russian but who doesn’t know
C++.
∃x (P(x) ¬ Q(x))
c) Every student at your school either can speak Russian or knows C++.
∀x P(x) Q(x)
d) No student at your school can speak Russian or knows C++.
¬ (P(x) Q(x)

3. Let Q(x,y) be the statement “x has sent an e-mail message to y,” where the domain
for both x and y consists of all students in your class. Express each of these
quantifications in English.
a) ∃x∃yQ(x,y)
There is some students has sent an e-mail message to some students.
b) ∃x∀yQ(x,y)
There is some students has sent an e-mail message to all students.
c) ∀x∃yQ(x,y)
All students has sent an e-mail message to some students.
d) ∃y∀xQ(x,y)
There is some students has sent an e-mail message to some student.
e) ∀y∃xQ(x,y)
All students has sent an e-mail message to some students.
 f) ∀x∀yQ(x,y)
All students has sent an e-mail message to all students.

4. Find the negations of these statements.

a) If it snows today, then I will go skiing tomorrow.
If it not snows today, then I will not skiing tomorrow.
b) Every person in this class understands mathematical induction.
There exists someone in this class, who does not understands mathematical
induction.
c) Some students in this class do not like discrete mathematics.
Every students in this class like discrete mathematics.
d) In every mathematics class there is some student who falls asleep during
lectures.
There is not mathemathics class who all student not falls asleep during
lectures.