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Get a Free Car Insurance Quote Online From Any Auto Insurance Company

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The Have To Have Forex Trading System Features

When somebody wants to begin trading forex the preliminary choice they should make is which online
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going to give them with a top-notch package as there is a healthy quantity of competition within the
forex market to pull in brand-new service. Where brokers could interest a trader is in the price to trade,
the degree of trader support they provide as well as obviously what trading system do they use and just
how excellent is it.Probably one of the most key element that a brand-new trader could define is the
trading platform. They should make sure that it could carry out all of the essential needs without delay
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Some extra functions that are worth discussing are systems that could be accessed from mobile gadgets
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Why You Ought To Acquire an Online Masters Degree

You may be able to get a well-paying work with only a graduate degree yet an undergraduate degree is
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The majority of online programs do not adhere to such forced educational program. Online masters
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Online programs have typically been likened to diploma mills that hand higher degrees to any individual
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TENTANG KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Makalah Kewirausahaan

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang

Kewirausahaan (entrepreneurship) adalah kemampuan kreatif dan inovatif

yang dijadikan dasar, kiat, dan sumber daya untuk mencari peluang menuju

sukses. Sesuatu yang baru dan berbeda adalah nilai tambah barang dan jasa yang

menjadi sumber keuanggulan untuk dijadikan peluang. Jadi, kewirausahaan

merupakan suatu kemampuan dalam menciptakan nilai tambah di pasar melalui

proses pengelolaan sumber daya dengan cara-cara baru dan berbeda.

Di Indonesia, kewirausahaan dipelajari baru terbatas pada beberapa sekolah atau perguruan tinggi
tertentu saja. Sejalan dengan perkembangan dan tantangan seperti adanya krisis ekonomi, pemahaman
kewirausahaan baik melalui pendidikan formal maupun pelatihan-pelatihan di segala lapisan masyarakat
kewirausahaan menjadi berkembang.

Orang yang melakukan kegiatan kewirausahaan disebut wirausahawan. Muncul pertanyaan mengapa
seorang wirausahawan (entrepreneur) mempunyai cara berpikir yang berbeda dari manusia pada
umumnya. Mereka mempunyai motivasi, panggilan jiwa, persepsi dan emosi yang sangat terkait dengan
nilai nilai, sikap dan perilaku sebagai manusia unggul. Pada makalah ini dijelaskan tentang pengertian,
hakekat, ciri-ciri dan karakteristik dan peran kewirausahaan dalam perekonomian nasional.

BAB II
PEMBAHASAN

A. Pengertian Kewirausahaan

Kewirausahaan berasal dari kata wira dan usaha. Wira berarti :pejuang, pahlawan, manusia unggul,
teladan, berbudi luhur, gagah beranidan berwatak agung. Usaha, berarti perbuatan amal, bekerja,
berbuatsesuatu. Jadi wirausaha adalah pejuang atau pahlawan yang berbuatsesuatu. Ini baru dari segi
etimologi (asal usul kata). Menurut KamusBesar Bahasa Indonesia, wirausaha adalah orang yang pandai
atauberbakat mengenali produk baru, menentukan cara produksi baru,menyusun operasi untuk
mengadakan produk baru, mengatur permodalanoperasinya serta memasarkannya.Dalam lampiran
Keputusan Menteri Koperasi dan PembinaanPengusahan Kecil Nomor 961/KEP/M/XI/1995, dicantumkan
bahwa:

Wirausaha adalah orang yang mempunyai semangat, sikap, perilakudan kemampuan kewirausahaan.

Kewirausahaan adalah semangat, sikap, perilaku dan kemampuanseseorang dalam menangani usaha
atau kegiatan yang mengarahpada upaya mencari, menciptakan serta menerapkan cara kerja,teknologi
dan produk baru dengan meningkatkan efisiensi dalamrangka memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik
dan atau memperolehkeuntungan yang lebih besar.

Jadi wirausaha itu mengarah kepada orang yang melakukanusaha/kegiatan sendiri dengan segala
kemampuan yang dimilikinya.Sedangkan kewirausahaan menunjuk kepada sikap mental yang
dimilikiseorang wirausaha dalam melaksanakan usaha/kegiatan.Kewirausahaan dilihat dari sumber daya
yang ada di dalamnyaadalah seseorang yang membawa sumber daya berupa tenaga kerja,material, dan
asset lainnya pada suatu kombinasi yang menambahkannilai yang lebih besar daripada sebelumnya dan
juga dilekatkan padaorang yang membawa perubahan, inovasi, dan aturan baru.Kewirausahaan dalam
arti proses yang dinamis adalahkewirausahaan merupakan sebuah proses mengkreasikan
denganmenambahkan nilai sesuatu yang dicapai melalui usaha keras dan waktuyang tepat dengan
memperkirakan dana pendukung, fisik, dan resikosocial, dan akan menerima reward yang berupa
keuangan dan kepuasanserta kemandirian personal.Melalui pengertian tersebut terdapat empat hal
yang dimiliki olehseorang wirausahawan yakni:

Proses berkreasi yakni mengkreasikan sesuatu yang baru denganmenambahkan nilainya. Pertambahan
nilai ini tidak hanya diakui olehwirausahawan semata namun juga audiens yang akan menggunakanhasil
kreasi tersebut.

Komitmen yang tinggi terhadap penggunaan waktu dan usaha yangdiberikan. Semakin besar fokus dan
perhatian yang diberikan dalam usaha ini maka akan mendukung proses kreasi yang akan timbul
dalamkewirausahaan.
Memperkirakan resiko yang mungkin timbul. Dalam hal ini resiko yangmungkin terjadi berkisar pada
resiko keuangan, fisik dan resiko social.

Memperoleh reward. Dalam hal ini reward yang terpenting adalahindependensi atau kebebasan yang
diikuti dengan kepuasan pribadi.Sedangkan reward berupa uang biasanya dianggap sebagai
suatubentukderajat kesuksesan usahanya.

B. Tujuan Kewirausahaan

Bahan ajar mata diklat Kewirausahaan dapat diajarkan dan dikembangkandi Sekolah-sekolah Dasar,
Sekolah Menengah, Perguruan Tinggi, dan diberbagai kursus bisnis. Di dalam pelajaran Kewirausahaan,
para siswadiajari dan ditanamkan sikap-sikap perilaku untuk membuka bisnis, agar mereka menjadi
seorang wirausaha yang berbakat. Agar lebih jelas, dibawah ini diuraikan tujuan dari Kewirausahaan,
sebagai berikut:

Meningkatkan jumlah para wirausaha yang berkualitas.

Mewujudkan kemampuan dan kemantapan para wirausaha untuk menghasilkan kemajuan dan
kesejahteraan masyarakat.

Membudayakan semangat sikap, perilaku, dan kemampuankewirausahaan di kalangan pelajar dan

masyarakat yang mampu,handal, dan unggul.

Menumbuhkembangkan kesadaran dan'orientasi Kewirausahaanyang tangguh dan kuat terhadap para

siswa dan masyarakat.

C. Manfaat Kewirausahaan

Kewirausahaan memiliki 4 manfaat sosial, yaitu:

Memperkuat pertumbuhan ekonomi : menyediakan pekerjaan barudalam ekonomi. Ekonomi saat ini
adalah tanah yang subur bagiwirausahawan misalnya : permintaan pelayanan sektor jasa meledak

Meningkatkan produktivitas : kemampuan untuk menghasilkan lebihbanyak barang dan jasa dengan TK
dan input lain yang lebih sedikit.

Menciptakan teknologi, produk dan jasa baru: komputer digital,mesinfotokopi, laser, power steering.

Mengubah dan meremajakan persaingan pasar : pasar internasionalmenyediakan peluang

kewirausahaan.
D. Ruang Lingkup Kewirausahaan

Ruang lingkup kewirausahaan sangat luas sekali. Secara umum,ruang lingkup kewirausahaan adalah
bergerak dalam bisnis. Jika diuraikansecara rinci ruang lingkup kewirausahaan, bergerak dalam bidang:

a. Lapangan agraris

1) Pertanian

2) Perkebunan dan kehutanan

b. Lapangan perikanan

1) Pemeliharaan ikan

2) Penetasan ikan

3) Makanan ikan

4) Pengangkutan ikan

c. Lapangan peternakan

1) Bangsa burung atau unggas

2) Bangsa binatang menyusui

d. Lapangan perindustrian dan kerajinan

1) Industri besar

2) Industri menengah

3) Industri kecil

4) Pengrajin

v Pengolahan hasil pertanian

v Pengolahan hasil perkebunan

v Pengolahan hasil perikanan

v Pengolahan hasil peternakan

v Pengolahan hasil kehutanan

e. Lapangan pertambangan dan energi

f. Lapangan perdagangan

1) Sebagai pedagang besar

2) Sebagai pedagang menengah

3) Sebagai pedagang kecil

g. Lapangan pemberi jasa

1) Sebagai pedagang perantara

2) Sebagai pemberi kredit atau perbankan

3) Sebagai pengusaha angkutan

4) Sebagai pengusaha hotel dan restoran

KEBERHASILAN DAN KEGAGALAN WIRAUSAHAWAN

A. Keberhasilan Kewirausahaan

a. Kerja keras.

Dalam menjalankan usaha kita perlu menyadari bahwa setiap orang yang menekuni bidang usaha, usaha
apapun itu, dituntut untuk memiliki pemikiran untuk selalu bekerja keras dan tekun.

b. Kerja sama dengan orang lain.

Sebagai makhluk sosial, yang mau tidak mau kita musti bergantung kepada orang lain, maka dari itu
semestinyalah kita belajar bergaul dan membawa diri pada orang lain.
c. Penampilan yang baik.

Penampilan adalah cerminan kebersihan hati dan perilaku seseorang, oleh karena itu, untuk menunjang
usaha yang kita lakukan maka penampilan juga sangat berperan.

d. Yakin, keyakinan.

Segala sesuatu yang dilakukan wujudkan dalam diri kita bahwa kita bisa.

e. Pandai membuat keputusan.

f. Mau menambah pengetahuan.

Seorang wirausahawan dituntut untuk selalu belajar dari sekelilingnya, lingkungan sekitarnya dan dari
produk-produk yang dibuat.

g. Pandai berkomunikasi.

Belajarlah mengeluarkan kalimat yang baik (sesuai).

B. Kegagalan Kewirausahaan

a. Kurangnya dana untuk modal.

Tidak semua kegagalan disebabkan karena modal yang tidak ada, akan tetapi sebagian besar kegagalan
itu ada karena kurangnya dana.

b. Kurangnya pengalaman dalam bidang bisnis.

Berikan suatu jabatan kepada ahlinya, dengan kata lain tempatkan sesuatu pada tempatnya.

c. Tidak adanya perencanaan yang tepat dan matang.

Dalam berwirausaha, merencanakan sesuatu, atau menyusun sesuatu perlu disiapkan sebelumnya.

d. Tidak cocoknya minat terhadap bidang usaha yang sedang digeluti (diteliti).

Terkait dengan penjelasan point b diatas, yaitu menempatkan sesuatu pada tempatnya, termasuk
tempatkan minat dan bakat dimana orang itu berminat dan berbakat agar usaha atau pekerjaan yang
dilakukan menjadi sahabat dan dapat ditekuni dengan baik.

C. Sebab – sebab Kegagalan dalam Menjalankan Usaha

a. Kurang ulet dan cepat putus asa, sedangkan kita harus dituntut untuk rajin, tekun, sabar, dan jangan
putus asa.
b. Kurang tekun dan teliti.

c. Kurangnya pengawasan.

d. Kemacetan yang sering terjadi.

e. Pelayanan yang kurang baik.

f. Tidak jujur dan kurang cekatan.

g. Kurang inisiatif dan kurang kreatif.

h. Kekeliruan dalam memilih lapangan usaha.

i. Menyamakan perusahaan sebagai badan sosial, karena salah satu ciri-ciri kalau orang berbisnis harus
kikir, kalau badan sosial, ikhlas beramal, karena apabila perusahaan jadi kikir maka ia jelas irit.

j. Banyak pemborosan dan penyimpangan.

k. Kurang dapat menyesuaikan dengan selera konsumen.

l. Sulit memisahkan antara harta pribadi dengan harta perusahaan.

m. Mengambil kredit tanpa pertimbangan yang matang.

n. Memulai usaha tanpa pengalaman dan modal pinjaman.

o. Banyaknya piutang ragu-ragu.

p. Kekeliruan menghitung harga pokok. Dalam melakukan suatu usaha penjualan harus menghitung
berapa banyak harga pokok.

BAB III

PENUTUP

Kesimpulan

Kewirausahaan berasal dari kata wira dan usaha. Wira berarti pejuang, pahlawan, manusia unggul,
berbudi luhur, berani dan berwatak agung. Di dalam kamus besar bahasa Indonesia itu dikatakan bahwa
kewirausahaan adalah:

a. Orang yang pandai atau berbakat mengenali produk baru.

b. Menentukan cara produksi baru.

c. Meyusun operasi untuk mengadakan produk baru.

d. Mengatur permodalan operasinya serta memasarkannya.

Usaha berarti perbutan amal, berupa sesuatu, bekerja atau berusaha. Jadi wira usaha secara etimologi
berarti pejuang yang berbuat sesuatu.

Instruksi Presiden No.4/1995, kewirausahaan adalah semangat, sikap, perilaku, dan kemampuan
seseorang dalam menangani usaha atau kegiatan yang mengarah pada upaya cara kerja tekhnologi, dan
produk baru dengan meningkatkan efisiensi dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan yang baik dan
keuntungan yang lebih besar.

Kata inovasi pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Schumpeter 1953, inovasi dipandang sebagai kreasi dan
implementasi atau biasa juga disebut sebagai koordinasi baru dalam inovasi itu juga dapat menciptakan
nilai tambah, yang berkaitan dengan oraganisasi. Pemegang saham maupun masyarakat luas. Jadi
inovasi adalah mengkreasikan dan mengimplementasikan sesuatu menjadi satu kombinasi. Kombinasi
baru itu dapat merujuk pada produk jasa, proses kerja pasar, kebijakan dan sistem baru.