FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BEKE 2422
ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS APPLICATION

CLASS: 2 BEKM S1
ASSIGNMENT 1

GROUP MEMBER
Name Matric number
GUNALANGAUNDAR A/L MUTHAIYA B011910104
KALAIYARASAN A/L GANASEGARAN B011910177
JEEVAN A/L NADARAJAN B011910241
ANBARASU A/L SHANMUGAM B011910196

LECTURER:
MDM. FADILAH BINTI ABDUL AZIS
Question 1:

a) re model, hybrid π model and hybrid equivalent model.

b) Class A

The output signal varies for a full 3600 of the cycle. This class require the suitable
Q-point (dc bias level) to be biased at a level between upper and lower supply
voltage level.
Class B

Provides an output signal varying over one-half the input signal cycle or 1800 of
signal. This class require the DC bias point at 0V with the output then make the
variation for a half-cycle. This class can provide an output for full 3600 of
operation but it is referred to as push-pull operation.

Class AB
An amplifier may be biased at a DC level above the zero-base-current level of
class B and above one-half the supply voltage level of class A. The output signal
swing occurs between 1800 and 3600 and is neither class A nor class B operation.
Require push-pull connection to achieve a full output cycle. The DC bias level is
usually closer to the zero-base- current level for better power efficiency.

c) Maximum efficiency for series-fed of class A amplifier is 25 %.

Maximum efficiency for transformer-coupled of class A amplifier 50%.
d) When the dc base voltage is 0, both transistors are off. The input signal voltage
must > VBE before a transistor conducts. Hence, there is a time interval between
the +ve & -ve alternations of the input when neither transistor is conducting,
resulting crossover distortion.

To improve this, add class A principle in class B power amplifier by adding

voltage divider at the base of the transistor. The R1 and R2 are of equal value, as
are the +ve & -ve supply voltages. Usually R1 and R2 are designed to provide 1.4
V at the base. The Class AB power efficiency for this case: 50% to 75%.
(e) First advantage is the used of two transistors make the class B amplifier
provides greater efficiency compare to 1 transistor (class A). Second is more power
can be transmitted to load and eventually increase the efficiency. Third advantage
is the transistor dissipated only small amount of power.

(f) i. Common-Emitter Bias Configuration

ii. Substituting re equivalent circuit
Question 2:
a)
i. Class B

ii.
 Transformer coupling.
 2 complimentary symmetry transistors.
 Crossover distortion.

iii.
Po = V2L(p) / 2RL

IL(p) = VL(p) / RL

π
Idc = 2 IL(p)

Pi(dc) = VccIdc

PQ = P2Q / 2 = Pi – Po / 2

Po
%η = Pi × 100%

iv.
 Need 2 separate voltage supplies.
 Produces crossover distortion in the output signal.
2.b) Vi(p) = √ 2 Vi (rms) = √ 2 (12V) = 16.97V
VL(p) = 16.97V
V L( p) 16.97V
IL(p) = = 8Ω = 2.12A
RL
2 2
Idc = π IL(p) = π (2.12A) = 1.35A

I. Pi(dc) = VccIdc = 30(1.35A) = 40.5W

V 2L( p) (16.97 V )2
II. Po(ac) = = = 18W
2R L 2(8 Ω)
Po 18 W
III. % ɳ = P × 100% = 40.5 W × 100% = 44.44 %
i