2019-2-NS- ST.

PAUL, SEREMBAN
SectionA [45 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.

|𝑥𝑥 + 2| − 𝑝𝑝, 𝑥𝑥 < 0

1. Given 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑞𝑞 − 2 , 𝑥𝑥 = 0 . Find the constant p and q such that
2
𝑞𝑞𝑥𝑥 + 3 , 𝑥𝑥 > 0
f(-2) + f(2) = 4 and f is continuous from the left at x = 0. [4 marks]

2. The curve C has equation 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)2 . Given C has only one turning
point
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
(a) Show that 1 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦+1 [3 marks]
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 = − �1 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � . [3 marks]
Hence state, with reason, whether the turning point is a maximum or
(c)
minimum [2 marks]

𝑒𝑒
3. (a) Find ∫1 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. Giving your answer in terms of e. [3 marks]

(b) 𝑑𝑑
Show that 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 �tan3 𝜃𝜃 � = 3 tan4 𝜃𝜃 + 3 sec 2 𝜃𝜃 − 3.
𝜋𝜋
Hence, determine the value of ∫04 tan4 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. [5 marks]

4. (a) Find ∫ sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. [2 marks]

(b) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Show that the differential equation 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑦𝑦 tan 𝑥𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 may be
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
reduce by means of substitution y = u sec x to 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 .
Hence, find the general solution of the differential equation, giving your
answer in a form expressing y in terms of x [6 marks]

5. Given that 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙[1 + sin 𝑥𝑥].

𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
(a) Show that 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 ��𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � + 1�. [3 marks]
(b) By using result in (a), find the Maclaurin’s series for y, up to and
including the term in x2. [4 marks]
(c) Obtain the Maclaurin’s series for 𝑦𝑦 = ln[1 + sin 𝑥𝑥] , up to and including
the terms in x2, by using the standard series expansion for sin x and ln (1
+ x). [3 marks]

6. The equation x3-3x + 1 = 0 has 3 real roots.

(a) Show that one of the root lies between -2 and -1. [2 marks]
(b) By taking xo = -2 as the first approximation to one of the roots, use
Newton-Raphson method to find the root correct to 3 decimal places. [4 marks]
(c) Explain why Newton-Raphson method fails in the case where the first
approximation, xo = -1 [1 mark]
 Section B [15 marks]
Answer any one question in this section.

7. (a) 1 3
(i) If 𝐼𝐼 = ∫0 (𝑥𝑥 2 + 1)−2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , use trapezium rule with 3 ordinates to
estimate the value of I, giving your answer correct to 2 significant figures. [4 marks]
(ii) By using trapezium with same ordinates as (i), estimate the volume of
3
the solid formed when the region bounded by the curve y = (𝑥𝑥 2 + 1)−2 ,
the axes and the line x = 1 is rotated completely about x-axis, giving your
answer correct to 2 significant figures. [4 marks]
(b) A cylinder of radius r and height h is inscribed in a sphere of fixed radius
a such that all the points of the circumference of base and top of the
cylinder are in contact with the inner surface of the sphere.
Show that the volume, V, of the cylinder can be expressed as
1
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎2 ℎ − 4 ℎ3 �
Hence, find , in terms of a, the exact maximum volume as h varies. [7 marks]

8. (a) A child was blowing bubbles and noticed that if he blows too hard, the
bubble would burst immediately. However, if he were to blow gently, the
bubble increases in size till its optimal volume and detaches itself off the
blowing stick.
At time t minutes, the radius of the bubble blown is r cm, assuming that
all bubbles blown are spherical in shape
(i) If the child blows gently at a rate of (𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 3 )𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚−1 , where λ is
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
a constant. Show that 4𝑟𝑟 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 3 . [3 marks]
(ii) Find the general solution for the differential equation derived in (i) [4 marks]
(iii) Given that the initial volume of a bubble is negligible and the optimal
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
volume of a bubble is 6 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 , find the time taken for a bubble to detach
itself off the blowing stick. [4 marks]
(b) 𝑑𝑑 −𝑥𝑥
Show that 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = √1−𝑥𝑥 2. Hence, show that
𝑥𝑥 3 1
∫ √1−𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − 3 (2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 )√1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐. [4 marks]
2019-2-NS-SPI-Marking Scheme
1. |𝑥𝑥 + 2| − 𝑝𝑝, 𝑥𝑥 < 0
Given 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑞𝑞 − 2 , 𝑥𝑥 = 0 . Find the constant p and q such that f(-2)
2
𝑞𝑞𝑥𝑥 + 3 , 𝑥𝑥 > 0
+ f(2) = 4 and f is continuous from the left at x = 0. [4 marks]

|-2 + 2| - p + q(4) + 3 = 4 ; 4q – p = 1 ……..(1) M1

2- p = q – 2; p + q = 4 ……(2) M1
Solving (1) and (2) M1
p = 3, q = 1 A1 [4m]
2. The curve C has equation 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)2 . Given C has only one turning
point
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
(a) Show that 1 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦+1 [3 marks]
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 = − �1 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � . [3 marks]
Hence state, with reason, whether the turning point is a maximum or
(c)
minimum [2 marks]
(a) 1 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) �1 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑� differentiate w.r.t. x M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1−2𝑥𝑥−2𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 expand and factorise // rearrange M1
1+2𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
1 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦+1………..(1) A1
[3m]
(b) 𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−2(2+2 ) M1
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
………(2) differentiate (1) w.r.t. x
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 (2𝑥𝑥+2𝑦𝑦+1)2
Substitute 2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 1 =
2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 into (2) and simplify M1
1+
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 A1
= − �1 + � [3m]
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(c) 𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 = −(1 + 0)3 < 0, substitute 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 for stationary and explain. M1
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 A1 [2m]
Turning point is a maximum.
𝑒𝑒
3. (a) Find ∫1 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. Giving your answer in terms of e. [3 marks]
(b) 𝑑𝑑
Show that (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡3 𝜃𝜃) = 3𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡4 𝜃𝜃 + 3𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝜃𝜃 − 3.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋
Hence, determine the value of ∫04 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡4 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. [5 marks]
(a) 𝑢𝑢 = ln 𝑥𝑥, 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=
1
, 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒
∫1 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = [(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥) ln 𝑥𝑥]1𝑒𝑒 − M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒 1
∫1 �𝑥𝑥� (𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 M1
𝑒𝑒
𝑥𝑥 2
= 𝑒𝑒 2 + 𝑒𝑒 − � 2 + 𝑥𝑥� = ….. (subs
1 A1 [3m]
limit)
1 2 3
= 𝑒𝑒 +2
2
(b) 𝑑𝑑
(𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡3 𝜃𝜃) = 3𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝜃𝜃 M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃(1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃) subs 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝜃𝜃 = (1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃) or any suitable
subs.
A1
= 3𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡4 𝜃𝜃 + 3𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃
= 3𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡4 𝜃𝜃 + 3𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝜃𝜃 − 3
𝜋𝜋
𝜋𝜋
4 1
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
M1
∫0 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =3
4 [𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡3 𝜃𝜃]0 + ∫04 1𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − ∫04 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃
4

𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
1
= 3 [𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡3 𝜃𝜃]04 + [𝜃𝜃]04 − [tan 𝜃𝜃]04 M1
 = 4−3
𝜋𝜋 2 A1 [5m]
4. (a) Find ∫ sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. [2 marks]
(b) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Show that the differential equation 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑦𝑦 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 may be
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
reduce by means of substitution y = u sec x to 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 .
Hence, find the general solution of the differential equation, giving your
answer in a form expressing y in terms of x [6 marks]
(a) M1
� sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥
+ 𝑐𝑐
A1 [2m]
(b) 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 M1
𝑢𝑢 = = 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥; = −𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ;
sec 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= � + 𝑢𝑢 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡�
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� + 𝑢𝑢 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡� − (𝑢𝑢 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑥𝑥) (tan 𝑥𝑥) = 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 M1
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
�𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑢𝑢 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡� − (𝑢𝑢) (tan 𝑥𝑥) = 2 cos x sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 (Shown)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢 = ∫ 2 sin cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑;
= [−2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ] − ∫ 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 M1
= −2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 A1
y = -2𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +2 sec 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 sec 𝑥𝑥 A1 [6m]
5. Given that 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙[1 + sin 𝑥𝑥].
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
(a) Show that 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 ��𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � + 1�. [3 marks]
(b) By using result in (a), find the Maclaurin’s series for y, up to and
including the term in x2. [4 marks]
(c) Obtain the Maclaurin’s series for 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙[1 + sin 𝑥𝑥] , up to and including
the terms in x2, by using the standard series expansion for sin x and ln (1
+ x). [3 marks]
(a) 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 = 1 + sin 𝑥𝑥, 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = cos 𝑥𝑥 M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 �𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � = − sin 𝑥𝑥…………….(1)
M1
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 �𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � = −(𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 − 1) Subs sin x = ey – 1 into (1) and rearrange
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑦𝑦 ��𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � + 1� A1 [3m]
(b) let y = f(x), f(0) = 0, f ´(0) = 1, f ´´ (0) = -1 Subs x = 0 to find derivatives M1 A1
𝑦𝑦 = 0 + 1𝑥𝑥 +
(−1)
𝑥𝑥 + ⋯2 M1
2!
1
= 𝑥𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑥 2 + ⋯ A1 [4m]
(c) 𝑦𝑦 ≈ ln �1 + �𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 3
��
6
2 M1
𝑥𝑥 3 1 𝑥𝑥 3
= �𝑥𝑥 − � − 2 �𝑥𝑥 − �
6 6
1 M1
= 𝑥𝑥 − 2
𝑥𝑥 2
A1 [3m]

6. The equation x3-3x + 1 = 0 has 3 real roots.

(a) Show that one of the root lies between -2 and -1. [2 marks]
(b) By taking xo = -2 as the first approximation to one of the roots, use
Newton-Raphson method to find the root correct to 3 decimal places. [4 marks]
(c) Explain why Newton-Raphson method fails in the case where the first
approximation, xo = -1 [1 mark]
(a) let f(x) = x3-3x + 1, f(-2) = -1, f(-1) = 3 > 0, M1
f(-2).f(-1) < 0, f(x) continuous, therefore one of the root lies between -2 and -1 A1 [2m]
(b) f ´(x) = 3x2 - 3 M1
−23 −3(−2)+1
x0 = -2, 𝑥𝑥1 = −2 − = −1.8889 M1
3(−2)2 −3
−1.88893 − 3(−1.8889) + 1
𝑥𝑥2 = −1.8889 − = −1.8795
3(−1.8889)2 − 3
𝑥𝑥3 = −1.8794, 𝑥𝑥4 = −1.8794, ∴ the root is -1.879 (3 decimal
places) M1A1[4m]
Section B [15 marks] Answer any one question in this section.
7. (a) 1 3
(i) If 𝐼𝐼 = ∫0 (𝑥𝑥 2 + 1)−2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , use trapezium rule with 3 ordinates to
estimate the value of I, giving your answer correct to 2 significant
figures. [4 marks]
(ii) By using trapezium with same ordinates as (i), estimate the volume
of the solid formed when the region bounded by the curve y =
3
(𝑥𝑥 2 + 1)−2 , the axes and the line x = 1 is rotated completely about x-
axis, giving your answer correct to 2 significant figures. [4 marks]
(b) A cylinder of radius r and height h is inscribed in a sphere of fixed
radius a such that all the points of the circumference of base and top of
the cylinder are in contact with the inner surface of the sphere.
Show that the volume, V, of the cylinder can be expressed as
1
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎2 ℎ − 4 ℎ3 �
Hence, find , in terms of a, the exact maximum volume as h varies. [7 marks]
(a) 1 1
𝐼𝐼 ≈ � � [1 + 2(0.716) + 0.354] find d, any two ordinates correct, correct
2 2
formula M1A1M1
= 0.70 (2 sig. fig) A1 [4m]
(ii) 1
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = ∫0 𝜋𝜋(𝑥𝑥 2 + 1)−3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 correct formula for volume M1
1 1
≈ 2 �2� [1 + 2(0.512) + 0.125] any two ordinates correct, correct
formula A1 M1
= 1.7 (2 sig. fig) A1 [4m]
(b) 2
𝑟𝑟 = 𝑎𝑎 − 2 ℎ2
4 M1
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ
ℎ2 1
= 𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎2 − � ℎ = 𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎2 ℎ − 4 ℎ3 � M1 A1
4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 3ℎ2
= 𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎 − � Find first derivative and equate to 0 M1
𝑑𝑑ℎ 4
3ℎ2 2√3
𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎2 − � = 0; ℎ = 𝑎𝑎 , find h in terms of a A1
4 3
𝑑𝑑2 𝑣𝑣 3ℎ
= 𝜋𝜋 �− � < 0 , maximum volume.
𝑑𝑑ℎ2 2
3
2√3 1 2√3 4√3
𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝜋𝜋 �𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎 − 4 � 𝑎𝑎� � = 𝜋𝜋𝑎𝑎3 M1A1[7m]
3 3 9
8. (a) A child was blowing bubbles and noticed that if he blows too hard, the
bubble would burst immediately. However, if he were to blow gently,
the bubble increases in size till its optimal volume and detaches itself off
the blowing stick.
At time t minutes, the radius of the bubble blown is r cm, assuming that
all bubbles blown are spherical in shape
(i) If the child blows gently at a rate of (𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 3 )𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚−1 , where λ is
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
a constant. Show that 4𝑟𝑟 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 3 . [3 marks]
 (ii) Find the general solution for the differential equation derived in (i) [4 marks]
(iii) Given that the initial volume of a bubble is negligible and the
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
optimal volume of a bubble is 6
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 , find the time taken for a
bubble to detach itself off the blowing stick. [4 marks]
(b) 𝑑𝑑 −𝑥𝑥
Show that 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = √1−𝑥𝑥 2. Hence, show that
𝑥𝑥 3 1
∫ √1−𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − 3 (2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 )√1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐. [4 marks]
(a)i 𝑣𝑣 =
4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3 ; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 4𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
3 M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3) 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ; 𝜋𝜋(𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 = 4𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 × M1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
4𝑟𝑟 = 𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 A1 [3m]
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(ii) 4𝑟𝑟 2
∫ 𝜆𝜆−𝑟𝑟 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 M1
4 3)
− 3 ln(𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐 ; simplify M1 M1
3
3 − 𝑡𝑡
𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 = 𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒 4 A1 [4m]
(iii) t = 0, r = 0, A = λ B1
3
𝜆𝜆 − 𝑟𝑟 3 = 𝜆𝜆𝑒𝑒 −4𝑡𝑡 B1
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 4 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝜆𝜆
max 𝑉𝑉 = 6 ; 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3 = ; 3
𝑟𝑟 = 8 M1
6
3
𝜆𝜆 − 𝑡𝑡 3 7
𝜆𝜆 − 8 = 𝜆𝜆𝑒𝑒 4 ; − 4 𝑡𝑡 = ln 8
4 7
𝑡𝑡 = − 3 ln 8 = 0.178 min(3 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. ) A1 [4m]
(b) 𝑑𝑑
√1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 =
1 −
1
(1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) (−2𝑥𝑥)
2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
−𝑥𝑥
= √1−𝑥𝑥 2 B1
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 −𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢 = −𝑥𝑥 ; = √1−𝑥𝑥 2 ; = −2𝑥𝑥; 𝑣𝑣 = √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 3 −𝑥𝑥
∫ √1−𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫(−𝑥𝑥 2 ) �√1−𝑥𝑥 2� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= �−𝑥𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 � − ∫(−2𝑥𝑥)√1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 M1
3
2
= �−𝑥𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 � − 3 (1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) + 𝑐𝑐 2
M1
1 2)
= − 3 √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2 (2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 A1 [4m]