I ^

l
I

I ADP.NO. 952 (2007-08)

Total Cost. 111 .070 million
I t:,

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It?

I
PC-7_
EXTENS f ON / .Srr<-EN qTftEN I Nq
I OF

sxst aLwabLe pLaLws >eveLo?vwewt progrAvw

I
(.sp>p)
Noverruber, zooT
T
,/
\r/Nmu of Project:
Extension i strengthening of sustainabre plains Development

I 2. Location V
Programme.(SPDP) : ADP No g52 (2002-08)
I

\ Two
main components of the project "Extension of spDp and
Strengthening of SPDP" are. a) Extension of SpDp and

I b) Strengthening of SPDp.

a) Extension of SPDP
Presentlythe activities of spDp are being carried out in Kurram
I I
tr4ohmand and Khyber*f\genci.* Under the said project it will be
I
I extended to North Waziri addition
t

t to Kurram and Mo_hm-and,..Agenciegd In these agencies/Fr communitv

.i"d, rvtrtrJ
I
I
farms are established on vast prains of *"st"l"ndr thejefor.
I l"
t
Feasible sites are identified thrcugh
feasibility studies for the identification of locations for cornmunity farms.

I
i

'l'l ,
2

b) Strenothenino of SPDP
A head office will be established at Peshawar under the comPonent.
Regional offices will be established at each agency excePt Kurram,

I Khyber and Mohmand.

Map of FATA
I

I y''Sponsoring: Planning & Development Department.

(FATA) Governor's Secretariat Peshawar

Sustainable Plains Development Programme

I (SPDP) FATA Planning & Development Governor's

Secretariat, Peshawar

Operation & Maintenance SPDP and communities during the project execution and

t community alone after plan period of the project'

2
t + 4. Plan Provision
4,. lt the project is
included in the Five

I Year Plan, specify

actual allocations?
The project has not been included specifically in the
Medium Term /Five Year Plan.

I 4ti. lf not included in the

current plan, how is it now

proposed to be accommodate
Reference page154, para 6 of the Eighth Five year

I Plan.
Agriculture production system is a complex
enterprise requiring interaction of large number of
organization, institution and specialized agencies at

I federal, provincial and grass root levels. Poor

interaction between the agencies directly involved in
agricultural development is the single most
important factor responsible for the low efficiency of

I the agriculture sector.

As per the Plan, the primary sectoral goal is the

achievement of a growth rate higher than the
I population growth, in order to ensure food security,
self sufficiency and large exportable surpluses. The
Plan laid emphasizes on the following;
a) lntegrated Management of agriculture, irrigation
t and drainage
b) Etficient land management
c) Efficient water management

t lJinh
.Ilrr| nrinrifrr
rrrv.rr, ..uv nirron fn nntimizo nrnrlr rntirrifrr
rrrac ..., frnm
.''...

available land and water resources through efficient

use of other inputs while conserving the resource
base.
T
5
I 4

The strateov of SPDP is in line with the quide

lines of the Five Year Plan. The integrated
approach is practice in true sense in SPDP. The

I views of all relevant departments, agencies are

discussed with communities and appropriate
coerces of action are selected and are executed
through a joint team of project staff and

I communities.

Further more SPDP is primarily based on

community farming which is the best tool for

I increasing productivity and exportable surpluses.

Wasteland is developed for optimum production on

the basis of Land /
Water Use Planning. Dryland
I aqriculture
-r-__-<
is promoted on wastelands due to the
Y-ter:-9-?l9tL

The project is an endeavor to transfer the

I government activitiesto the private sector and to
turn food deficiency into sufficiency. flg p191rct
deals w[! the deve-lo-pment o*f c_trlturable vas*t plains
of 1y3ete-land and willj-ntlgdrce itptoued .
I ArcIghedg. The project deals with all green sectors,
and is based on self-reliance, self-financing and is
Therefore, in line with the current Five Year Plan.
The project can be adjusted in the following sectors.
t
The project is reflected in the ADP FATA in the
Regional Development Sector on the assumption

I that the region which have vast plains of culturable

.r,aalalaa;la
vYaotgl€ll1\,lJ Glrg
^?A
aaaaamiaallrr
gvvrl\rlllrv€llrt mara
lllvt9 haalzrrrarr{
vsvl\rr9rv f}raf
tr rq!

the regions where cultivated lands are in

abundance. Agriculture department neglected the
development of vast plains of waste lands because
I 4
 5
T
.L it concentrates on cultivated lands. lts activities are
small in size, scattered and individual oriented. The
Land Reclamation Programme of
Agriculture

I Department is in fact land leveling of a wasteland

and is one activitY.

5- OBJECTIVES

t Goal
The Goal of Sustainable Plains Development

I horticulture on vast plains of wasteland of FATA

-----'\_--_-.-
exploit untapped land and water resource.
-6.6
lzb provide a sustainable source of income to
tiibesmen,
I . .)o generate emPloYment and
r ls provide substitute crops of provide

substitute crops of PoPPY.

{ to
t upgrade environment

Specific objectives
I a. Establishment of communiW farms
of horticulture on 10.000 acres
wastelands of FATA throuqh
i. Exploitation of community irrigation

t ll.
water resources,
land leveling,
iii. Stone clearance on need basis
of community shingle
l
iv. Construction
road networks,
V. Establishment of community micro
irrigation system and

t
 PROJECT BRIEF

1. Project Title Extension/Strengthening of Sustainable Plains

Development Program (SP DP)

2. Location Kurram, Mohmand, Khyber and North Waziristan

Agencies and FR Bannu, head office at Peshawar. I

3. Sponsoring Agency Planning and Development Department (FATA)

Governor' s Secretariat. Peshawar.

4. Executing Agency Sustainable Plains Development Program (SPDP) FATA

Planning and Development Department Governor's
Secretariat, Peshawar.

5. Agency for Operation and SPDP and communities during the project execution and
Maintenance community alone after plan period of the project.

6. Implementation Period Five years

7. Itemized Details of the Project Cost (Miltion Rs.)

Sr.No. Items Cost
i) Site identification/feasibilitv study 0.095
ii) Comm. motivation/land water use planning 0.130
iii) Preparation ofland for orchards 2.500
iv) Establishment of irrisation system 2r.000
v) Establishment of dryland orchards 4.000
vi) Rain water preservation 0.700
vii) Maintenance of orchards 23.460
viii) Establishment of research plots 0.400
ix) Establishment of marketing system 0.400
x) Trainine to comm. on CF techniques 0.600
xi) CF office rent 0.330
xii) CF offi ce utility bills/ftuniture/stationery 3.800
xiii) CF staff salaries/daily wages 15.513
xiv) Head office staff salaries 24.042
xv) Cost on strengthenine SPDP 14.100
Total 111.070

8. Objectives

D Establishment of community farms of horticulture on 10,000 acres wastelands of

FATA through exploitation of community inigation water resources, land
leveling, stone clearance on need basis, construction of community shingle road
networks, establishment of community micro inigation system, land preparation
for orchards on the basis of land use planning and establishment of high value
dryland orchards on all target land.
 2

,L., ii) Maintenance of SpDp: orchards for at least three

years through inigation on need
replantation. of
basis, application of fertilizers/farm yard manure, .spraying,
-i*ing'pl*tr, hoeing, grafting and complete replantation of inappropriate
orchards.
Supporting communities in collective farming/marketing
through trainings and
iii)
workshops.
establishment
iv) Sti.ngtfr"ning of SpDP: establishment of head office at Peshawar,
staff and impart
of reiionat Jffi.", at new agencies/FR, recruitment of needful
dryland agriculture'
traini"ng to staff on communiiy farming, dryland technologies,
farm management, etc.

Comments

o The strengthening of an on-going project which is supposed

to end on March' 2008'
Since it *1r t.-Cn uplifting-or altic,ritute/economic
activities in tribal areas' therefore,
the activiti", in the PC-I are supported for completion'
"nuitug.d sector
o It is suggested that no haphazard activities may be undertaken in the horticulture
because the fruits from orchard obtained after the spell
of 3-5 years.and is a continued
the selection of
activity. Therefore, all legal/paper work may.le pioperly ensured.in
ownership/management of
orchards/development sitei to avoid any trouble iegarding
develoPment sites.
o Agriculture and Food Section support the project in general.
 vi. land preparation for orchards on the
basis of land use planning
vii. Establishment of high value dryland

t orchards on all target land

2. Maintenance of the SPDP orchards for at

least three vears throuqh

t i. irrigation on need basis

ii. application of fertilizers/farm yard
manure,

T iii. spraying,
iv. replantation of missing plants
v. Hoeing
vi. Grafting

I vii. Complete replantation of inappropriate

orchards

3. SuoportinE communities in colleclive

I farmino/marketino throuqh traininqs and
workshops

4. Strenqtheninq of SPDP
I i. Establishment
Peshawar
head office at

ii. Establishment of regional offices at

new agencies/FR
t iii. Recruitment of needful staff

iv. lmpart training to staff on community

farming, dryland technologies, dryland
t agriculture. farm management etc.

I
T
1. Description
&
I Justification

I
6a HISTORY AND JUSTIFICATION
In pursuance of the Directive of Chief Executive
received in February 2001, Ministry for Food.
t Agriculture & Livestock prepared a policy package
for Corporate Agriculture Farming (CAF). On April
02,2001, the Chief Executive Secretariat conveyed
approval of the Chief Executive to the
t package. On 11 may, 2001 CAF was declared an
policy

industry and the import machinery for CAF was

declared exempted from customs duty Moreover,

I arrangements for the provision of credit

were made for the corporate entities through the
facilities

financial institutions.

t The CAF was however, criticized as multinational

companies like East India Company will emerge
who will take over domestic agriculture. Anti state
activities will be initiated specially near the borders.
Local investors will be discouraged and
I unemployment will be created due to the
introduction of mechanized agriculture.
Furthermore, the water resources of the whole

I territory will be solely exploited and due to the

commercial approach of a corporate firm, no
planning for the sustainable development will be
made.

I 7
t ,Jl
8

In December, 2000, the higher authorities of P&DD

took a great interest in the Programme and a pilot
project for Upper Kurram was approved with a total

I cost of Rs.'12.424 million (FATA ADP) with the

condition that similar projects would be
simultaneously initiated if the programme was
proved successful. Since the SPD Strategy was

I based on theories i.e. integrated approach,

Community Farming /Corporate agriculture Farming
(CAF), Resource Based Comrnunity Participation,
LandMater Use Planning etc. therefore, the Plan

I Coordinator who conducted the Feasibility Study

and who develop the theory was selected as Project
Director on 4-6-2001. the PLA was opened up in
January 2OO2 and the activities of the first SPDP

I Community Farm were initiated in February 2OQ2-

The first SPDP Community Farm Lalmay Upper was

established with a
total area of
500 acres
t wasteland. In the first three months, the project
succeeded in the land leveling 450 acres wasteland,
constructed, 7.5 km long farm roads and 7000
plants of almond, walnuts and pomegranates were
I planted.

The Governor NWFP visited Lalmay Community

Farm Kurram Agency on 144-2004 and directed to
I launch similar projects in other parts of FATA. ln
2005, five projects with atotal cost of Rs.196 million
were launched to develop 29,000 acres wasteland
in the three Agencies i.e. Kurram, Khyber, and
t Mohmand.

I
I .^
(

Reason for non development of vast plains of wastelands

Some plains are situated on main roads or close to
the main town and a part of the plain has
I commercial value. The influential shareholders are
no interested in the plain to be used for agriculture
purpose.

I . Each tribesman is interested in good quality

and good size of land and general consensus
on the distribution is difficult.

I The development of wasteland requires high

cost on land leveling, establishment of
irrigation system and initial crop production.

t The tribesmen have neither the

resources nor the technical skill.
financial

A communal vast plain cannot be developed

I in piece meal through Government or project

funds because the landlords of the remaining
land of the common plain will be irritated.

I The tribesmen who have the resources are

not allowed to reclaim their land as the rest of
the villages think that good quality of land will
be occupied by them, the debris will thrown

I to their land, or the communal water

resources will be used only by them etc.

o They do not agree upon an appropriate

I surface irrigation schemes as some do not
provide land for reservoir for the benefit of
others and some who are close to reservoir
may not be benefited.

I 9
I T
t0

Tenancy is a common feature but because of

the poor financial condition of tenants even

I small parcels of land are not reclaimed

through tenants. Moreover, the landlord of
undeveloped land fears that his proprietary
rights will be weakened and ejection of the

I tenant would be a problem whereas, on the

other hand a tenant fears that after
investment on land reclamation will be
ejected.

I As far as the involvement of financially sound

private firm or progressive tenant in the
development of communal wasteland is
I concerned. the situation becomes more
complicated. A private firm neither can
organize the whole community nor can
handle social problems. Moreover, more risk
I in ejectment of a private firm or tenants from
their communal land is anticipated.

The existing strategy of govt: deptt: regarding

I the exploitation of land and water resources
in mostly individual oriented which is based
on demand. Since no collective demand is
received therefore their common plains are
I not reclaimed.

. The donor assisted projects are almost

based on Rural Support Programme, which
I have no provision for the development vast
plain of culturable waste land. Their village
level intervention is at micro level and in
some small villages with size of 20 to 30
I l0
 ll
I ! households. Their development schemes are
demand driven in the selected villages and
no new land even small in size is reclaimed.

I The cost of reclamation per acre will be

extremely high if a vast plain is reclaimed in
accordance of the disintegrated approach of

I government department. ln
disintegrated efforts, land development is
such

made in a haphazard manner and no proper

land/water use planning is carried out.

I Appropriate courses of action are

selected and appropriate cropping pattern is
not

not adopted.

I JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRON'IOTION OF DRYLAND HORTICULTURE TN FATA

30o/o landof FATA is irrigated in which water loving

crops are cultivated as the tribesmen carry out flood
I /surface irrigation technique for centuries. The exact
command are of tubewells is not known but according to
a conservative estimates more than 50 tubewells installed

by Government are abandoned. There may be hardly

I few tubewells which would have l0 acres average
a

command area. I .9 %o land of FATA has forest where

about 90% land is comprised of culturable waste land,

t non culturable waste lands, mountains, rivers streams and

human settlements etc.

Definitions of culturable wastelands.

I Delinition-l
According to the definition of Agriculture Department, a
culturtable land is that which can be leveled and flood

I inigation system
ll
is installed for the cultivation of
I .L
t2
seasonal water loving crops or water loving orchards is
culturable wastelands. According to such definition about
8% land of FATA is culturable waste land.

I
Definition-2
A wasteland which can be cost effectively developed for

I drytand horticulture through dryland irrigation and water

preservation techniques are called culturable wasteland.
This land is70o/o of the total land of FATA- According to
this definition the target area of SPDP is 70% whereas

I the target area of Agriculture Department is 3 Yo land

FATA.
of

Drvland Horticulture

I In the perspective of drylands of FATA, dryland

horticulturte can be divided into the following groups
o Dryland orchards
. Dryland vegetables

I .
.
Dryland medicinal plants
Dryland floriculture

Flood inigation is the only traditional irrigation in the

I inigated area of FATA. Micro irrigation in the area
cannot be adopted as the farmers would require a change
in their cropping pattem to which they would not be
ready. But in newly developed lands they would be ready
t to adopt any irrigation system or any cropping pattern'
Horticulture is the only development potential in
wastelands but if micro irrigation is adopted. the size of
culturable wasteland would be increased from 8Yo to
I
7UYo

^f +L-
vl ulv
inral
lvlgl
oroa
4^vs
af
v^
FATA
r \ and itc irinatinn
i r srg r..rb5erv r.rrct rvnrrld he
^ ^ ^!r

decreased 500 times. Dueto the low cost on irrigation

and income from high value crop, the sustainability of

I horticulture on wastelands would be ensured.

t2
t ).-
l3

c. Due to the high population pressure on the 3%

inigated land of FATA (i.e. 36 persons per acre), highly

I fragmented lands and subsistence agriculture, the farmers

are risk averse and hardly accept new ideas and are
restricted to carry out their traditional cropping pattern
and traditional practices on their irrigated lands.

t Logically, establishment of orchard or promotion of non

traditional crops at the cost of their traditional crops will
not be a wise step. It may be noted that the credential of
Agriculture Department has been sufficiently damaged

I due to the promotion of new crops for which they had no

marketing mechanism and as a result the farmers incurred

losses.

I All traditional other priority fruits and vegetable are

traditionally cultivated in small scale for their domestic
consumption. [n very few zones of FATA apple, peaches
and apricot are cultivated on a little large scale for
I commercial purposes. But due to its unimpressive quality
and production it could not compete with the products of
Swat or Afghanistan. Anyway there is no surplus fruit
which would require storing or processing. It may be
I noted that a fruit processing unit was established by
FATA DC in Kurram Agency but it failed due to the non
avai lability of surplus fruit/vegetable.

I Dates have a large potential area in FATA but due to its

slow growth and costly sapling of improved varieties, its
export oriented production may require a couple of
centuries.
I
Tomato is an off season vegetable and its storage or
processing is not required. Onion, tomato and potato have
great potential but its production can not be significantly
I l3
 t

l4
-\ increased in FATA as in most of the agencies/FRs the

soil has poor water preservation capacity and because of

its water loving characteristics its cultivation through
power based scheme is not economically viable.
t
Three provinces of Atghanistan i.e. Paktia, Nigrahar and

Konar lie on the boundary of FATA in which regular

t orchards of pomegranates, grapes, pistachio, almond and

olive have been established on thousands of hectares'

FATA has the same soil, water resources and climatic

condition and more than 70Yo land is available for its

I cultivation but these fruit species were never promoted

before SPDP. In the Horticulture Policy these species
have been ignored.

I Controlling land fiagmentation, controlling population

settlement in agriculture land and establishment of
community farm roads, community tubewells' and
establishment of well organized, well controlled and u'ell

I planned horticulture farms on vast plains can be only

done through community farming. SPDP has sufficient
experience in community farming but its management
has not been contacted .

I In the policy no emphasis has been made on integrated

approach of concerned line department/projects.

Reference para-6 of the 8th Five Year Plan, agriculture

I production system is a complex enterprise requiring

interaction of a large number of

organizations/institutions. Poor interaction between the
agencies directly involved in agriculture development is

I the single most factors responsible for the low efficiency

of Agriculture Sector.

I l4
i;
t l5
I
It The issue of quality control is highly crucial in export
oriented production of horticulture. This can be addressed
at the time of cultivation through zoning and seed

I management which should be emphasized in the policy.

All the line departments and projects related to

green sector have almost the same objectives but
their approach is activity oriented.
I Department install irrigation schemes
lrrigation
and have
impressive target for the development of agriculture
but except canal irrigation schemes, very 'ately

I agriculture is developed. Agriculture Extension

activities are carried out in cultivated lands. lts
activities are demandjliven and individual orientgd.
The individual oriented activities are carried out in a

I haphazard manner
"no
wise non traditional crops
iii"r"roi,
"pp.priat.
or orchards are not
zone

promoted. Consequently farmers have t"tteiing

problems and the farmers are discouraged.

I Agriculture Extension deals with a single activity

executed through farmer alone. The department
only support the farmers in agriculture inputs. But
I the development of wasteland requires a complete
package of activities. For proper land/water use
planning and for cost effectiveness, a farm needs to
be established on a vast area of more than 300
I acres.

Agriculture Extension has not promoted dryland

orchards as it does deal with irrigated lands. lt does
I not deal with drylanglaedicinat plants as farmer
does not take the risk.

I l5
I l6
agriculture like nut orchards as their target land is
irrigated on witch the farmer demand for the
traditional fruit trees. lrrigation department also

I install tubewells and other scheme on wastelands

but have no concern with production. Forest
Department Promote inferior

I As far as the resources of Agriculture Department

are concerned, SPDP can not use their resources
but there is close coordination with the Department
and their expert opinion are frequently utilized'
I SPDP consider it selvgt*1P"t9919-s-9ive far19r and
therefore try to utilize the skill of all concerned

-1=":1-ents

I Forest Department deals with trees and it has no

interest in fruit trees. Furthermore fruit trees require
great care. Fruit trees requires irrigation water'
fertilizers, and costly plants' But this mechanism is
I not available with Forest Department and therefore
dryland fruit trees are not promoted through the
Department.

I SPDP also deals with the activities of lrrigation

Sector but it exploit natural resources on the basis
of land / water use planning of vast plains. The
individual oriented schemes are avoided and
I emphasis are given to harness rain water and flood
waterfor irrigation. The difference between lrrigation
Department and SPDP strategies is the result
oriented approach of SPDP for which integrated
t approach has been adopted. A substantially large
number tubewells installed by irrigation
of
Department are either abandoned or abysmally
under utilized. SPDP are converting these tubewells

I l6
.i

t7
t\ in to the community status and utilize it for the
^l
irrigation of vast areas of more than 500 acres land.

SPDP initiate the activities from scratch and

I consider the progressive farmers, local knowledge
as the valuable resource. The local machinery like
tractors and power rigs are utilized but the SPDP

I designed implements are introduced. SPDP do not

concentrate on sophisticated technology, costly
schemes like big_ dams or brjdges etc therefore no
qualified engineers or agriculture experts are

I required.

6b. ExistingFacilities

SPDP has a very short life as its pilot project was

I initiated on 12-2-2002. The main SPDP projects
were initiated in January 2005. In the initial years
the faced enormous difficulties but since SPDP
strategy is flexible and is directly involved in
I execution therefore, appropriate courses of action
were identified and the strategy was gradually
improved.

I The existing projects are being ended by March

2009. In the last year the existing projects activities
)
will be confined to only maintenance of orchards
and therefore the skilled staff, machinery, regional
T offices of Kurram, Khyber and Mohmand Agencies
would be utilized for the E&S SPDP. The detail of
staff , and machinery to be used in the project is

I given below.

Skilled staff available for the Proiect

1. Program Director
2. One Program Manager
T t7
t I l8
3. One Project Manager
4. 7 CF managers
5. 10 CF Supervisors
t 6. 2 tractor Mechanics
7. 4 micro irrigation exPerts
8. one lrrigation Engineer
9. Two Account Officers
I 10.14 trator drivers
11.4 Vehicle driver
12.one power rig operator
13.4 power rig workers

t 14.3 budders

1. 20 tractors with imPlements

I 2. 4 water tankers
3. One power rig with PiPes
4. 3 vehicles
5. 6 motor cycles

I t8
I I l9

$PDP $TMTEGY
I The proper development of few vast plains of FATA
has the potential of turning food deficiency of the
country in to sufficiency. The establishment of nut

I orchards in few vast plains of FATA will not only

save billions of money on import of dry fruit but will
reach to the position of export. Each plain can be
used as model farm for all improved productive

I activities of green sector if it is developed on the

basis of LandM/ater Use Planning.

But if thesq vast plains are distributed amongst the

Iiq
I tribesmen.wduld try to develop it in a traditionalway.
They would need independent scheme for their
small land parcel, they would need independent
roads, they would not be in position to utilize the

I natural resources as itrsource would lie in the lands

of other tribesmen, they would need an independent
land leveling scheme and finally the would initiate
their traditional farming.
I
Their traditional farming is even not successful in
their leveled land having tubewells, roads, packka
irrigation channels because the can not bear the
I expenses of crop cultivation. In the traditional
cropping patterns, land fragmentation encouraged

The people are always interested in having

I schemes of irrigation, irrigation channels, land
leveling etc because it becomes a status symbol in
the trbal society. They get an economic incentive
even if their schemes are not utilized.
I t9
I T
20

There is a need to develop these plains for optimum

production in cost effective manner. Otherwise in
the opinion of some experts, it would be better
I keeping a wastetand waste rather than its

distribution into small Pieces.

I Keeping in view the financial constraints of the

Government, the reluctance of donor agencies in
the development of vast plains and the

aforementioned hindrances, the need of new and

t low cost strategies for the development of culturable

vast plains are direly felt. A Feasibility Study was
the Regional Coordination Unit of
conducted by
FATA Section Planning and Development
I Department in 1999. and on the basis a Programme
"sustainable Plains Development Programme
(SPDP) was designed by the Regional Coordinator'

I
SPDP COMPONENTS
I As per strategy, SPDP has the following
components.

1. CommunitY Farm Establishment

I 2. Land Reclamation
3. Development of dryland technology
4. Development of dryland horticulture
5. Maintenance of dryland orchards
I 6. Harvesting,
7. Value addition and
8. Marketing

I 20
fr 2l

1. Community Farm Establishrnent

The component "Community Farm Establishment"

I is based Community Farming. But in

on
developed countries farmers are aware of the
collective farming and collective marketing etc,
They establish their community Farm by

I themselves with pout special motivation. The

farmers in develop countries anticipate the
following advantages in community farming.

t a.
b.
Land fragmentation is avoided
Management cost is minimized.
c. Due to mass scale production good

markets are attracted

I d. Value addition is properly carried out

e. Appropriate courses of action are carried
out
f. The command area of a scheme is

I extended and is cost effectively utilized.

g. The share holders get their share in

income and are free to their other jobs.

I The Community Farm Establishment has the

following sub-components,

i. Site Selection
I ii.
iii.
Community Motivation
Establishment of Community Farm
Committee (CFC)
iv. Agreement
t

T 2l
 i

I 22
a
i. Site Selection
An important activity of SPDP is the selection of
appropriate site for a SPDP Project. The main
I criteria of the appropriate site are,:

A community is not selected for SPDP

intervention but a vast plain of wasteland is
I selected first.
The site is not mentioned in the Umbrella PC-
1 or a sub-PC-1 foe a specific site is not
processed for approval as the site can be
I dropped at many stages e.g. community
motivation, agreement, farm road
construction etc.

I Its size should be more than 300 acres,

a

o The land should not be temporally barren but

should be a wasteland.
The land should be a complete unit in terms

I of land/water use planning and in terms of a

well defined community.
The land should have no hard pane and pits
for orchards could be dug through small

t a
horsepower tractors.
Shoufd have water resources in close vicinity
o Priority will be given to largest plains.
a Priority will be given to common / disputed

I a
lands
The dispute on the land should not be active.
o Priority should be given to poppy cultivated
areas to provide them substitute crops

I Priority will be given to accessible vast plains

to have a good demonstration effect
Lands are not acquired on rent basis but
communities are made bound to not interfere
I 22
I 23

in the site selection or in income of the land

for five years to ensure the acquisition of only
wastelands.

I ii. Communitv Motivation

A vast plain of wasteland land may be comprised of
the following,
a. Distributed land,

I b. Common Land
c. Disputed land
d. Some distributed land and

common/disputed land

I Pooling of distributed wasteland into a large land

parcel requires extensive community motivation
campaign. Since the beneficiary group do not
I anticipate economic incentive in cash like they do in
the traditional schemes therefore they are not easily
attracted. Furthermore the SPDP deals with
community infrastructure and acquires land free of
I cost with the condition that they will not get any
share in the crop/orchard production, therefore the
tribesmen are least aftracted especially in the new

I areas.

In common and disputed land, an individual is not

interested in the development of their common
lands as they do not perceive its income or share of
I !an,.{ Rrrt in
a(1a av. a-rvt l. I r{istrihrrter'l
vrerl land the motivation is more
difficult as it seems ridiculous that their individual
land parcels would be pooled and proper road

I 23
- 24
t >' networks, community irrigation schemes etc will be
installed on any suitable sites.

I The tribesmen have a strong comprehension that

the Governement would take their land in custody
and would not be returned to them. Some have an
apprehensions that likewise Forest Department ,

I they would not touch their trees and would be put in

jail if they deplete certain trees.

SPDP first motivate the enlightened tribesmen and

I pave ways for general meetings. SPDP staff do not

call a general meeting at the second stage but
address the gathering just after Jumma Prayer or
address the etders in a death or rnirage of the target

I group.

A general meeting of all elders of the target groups

is called as a third step to know about the disputes
I on the land and the ways of its reconciliation. The
SPDP explains its policy that it would not interfere in
their propitiatory rights, no one can use the
agreement as a tool for their propitiatory rights of a
I specific land. All existing infrastructure would be
turned in to the community status and new schemes
will be installed on feasible sites etc.

I iii. Communitv Farm Establishment

After motivation campaign, a representative
Committee for the establishment of the community
farm (CF) is then constituted. Certain main points of
I the TOR a!'e as under:

I 24
t 25

TORs of CF Commiftee

1. SPDP do not interfere in the ways of selection of

I members of CF Committee. What ever the

method is acceptable to the community, and
what ever the size of the committee is.

I 2. The member of the CF committee will

responsible for all matters related to his family
be
/
clan members.

t 3. The demand of youngsters should be

through their rePresentative.
floated

4. The CF committee will be responsible for the

I provision of security, accommodation , stores or

office facilities at nominal rates,

5. The CF community will not demand for regular

I employment like chowkidar, field staff etc.

6. The community /committee will actively

participate in planning, execution, monitoring,

I harvesting and marketing.

7. The community will provide efficient farm labours

on reasonable rates.
I 8. The community would not interfere in the
number of labours.

I 9. The labours who do not get work should not be

irritated

T
25
 t

26
l\II
r 10.No one will pressurize SPDP for his vested
interest

I 11.The CF committee will promote conducive

environment for community farming.

12.The CF community will initiate collective farming,

I collective marketing and collective utilization of

the physical infrastructure of the Farm.

13.The Government assets will not be damaged or

t used by some one for his personal tasks

14.The CF committee will penalize any one who

makes hurdles in the farm activities. In this
I situation SPDP or political administration will not
be involved.

1S.The CF committee will follow the instruction of

t the political administration or SPDP related to
the development activities.

16.The CF committee will constitute an Execution

I Committee (EC) to run the farm after the
completion of the plan period.

17.The changes in the CF Commiftee ca be made

I any time if all the members express their
agreement. In case of differences, tehsidar of
the area will be involved in the constitution.

I {e qpnp rrrill nrrida litr (lnrnrnittoe in tha calanfinn

1V, Va Va

of EC but will not interfere.

19. Land disputes will be handled by CF Committee

I 26
 !

.J

II 27
TI
20.In case of disputes amongst different
communities, more tha one committee may be

I constituted.

21.The community will ignore their personal

differences/enmities in the farrn activities.

t 22.The CF Committee will induct additional land

adjacent to their farm on good faith

l 23.The CF Committee should explain to their fellow

tribesmen that SPDP only and only wants the
elimination of poverty and contentment of their
area.

I 24.CF Committee will evaluate the SPDP practices

and would motivate community to adopt the
same.

I 25.CF Committee will select the following

alternatives after handing over the Farm by
SPDP to the communitY:
I
Initiate Community Farming through their
representative management committee.

I t1. Lease out the whole farm orchards to an

orchard dealer of their choice and distrusting
money amongst different families.

I t!!. Distribute land peacefully and practice

collective utilization of all physical
infrastructure and collective marketing.

t 27
I ,t lv.
28

ln case of failure on all the aforementioned

alternatives, the CF Committee will give
power to a iirga constituted by Political
Administration to resolve the issue peacefully
I
V. In case of failure of the Girga, the Political
Administration will interfere and will utilize the
income of the farm on the development
T
activities.

I lv Aqreement
An agreement is then signed between SPDP as first
party and Committee as the second party. SPDP
make it self bound to not interfere in the proprietary
I rights and would develop their farm for optimum
production. SPDP also under takes that improved
varieties of fruit plants will be planted and 100
o/o

successful and fruit bearing orchards established on

I alltheir land will be handed over to them.

It is better to constitute a committee of all potential

fand lords of a project site and sign a single
I agreement regarding the whole plain. But if the plain
has been divided between two or three tribes and if
each tribe is equally interested in the proiect then
first the most suitable area will be selected and
I agreement will be signed with its beneficiary group.
After reclamation of the first land, the second parcel
of land will be selected and similar agreement will

I be signed with them.

The first part of the agreement will be about the

constitution of the representative committee. The
second part of the agreement will be comprised of
T
28
I )-
29

the terms and conditions of the project whereas, in

the third part of the agreement, the committee will
ensure the smooth execution of the project. The
of the beneficiary groups will be
I committee
constituted through grand jirga meetings in a
common place. According to the agreement, the
tribesmen will not interfere in the project planning,

t crops or orchard selection or irrigation scheme etc.

a copy of the Agreement signed with the tribesmen
of Shakh Community Farm is exhibited at annexure.

I AN IDEAL LAND OF A COMMUNITY FARM

A Should be easilv Reclaimed
Those areas, which have soft soil, comparatively
I smooth surface, and have no boulders, will be given
priority.

b. Should have qood soil and qood water

I resources.
First priority will be given to those areas, which have
good soil and good water resources. A good
agriculture land would have the potential to ensure
I self sustainability of the project and would develop
larger areas.

c. Should be a Vast Plain

I The Plain should be preferably more than three
thousands acres. This is needed because the funds
will not be thinly distributed and the non
development expenditure would be minimum-
I Moreover the project area can be extenCed tht'ough
the self financing to a desirable limit.

d. Should have Culturable Wasteland

I 29
l> 30

The project will give priority to completely barren

land to initiate production from zero level. A semi
developed land would have social complication in

I which the project will not easily irnplement schemes

on the basis of land/water use planning.

e. Should be Preferablv a Common Land

I A common plain has disputes on its distribution and

can not be developed through the traditional
development intervention. Moreover, the potential
beneficiary groups of a common plain will give only

I free hand to the project to develop the land

accordance of proper planning. Otherwise each
in

individual will be interested to install the land in his

property.

I f. Should be sociallv acceotable

lf the potential beneficiary groups are not fully
motivated and if they are reluctant in the project
I intervention, the land of such people should not be
selected.

q. Should be Sustainable

t The project will prefer sustainable development

activities. In irrigation sector, surface water irrigation
schemes are more sustainable and in horticulture
sector, pomegranate, almond and walnuts etc
I ensure sustainability. lf a land which is suitable for
nut orchards and if a land has sufficient surface
water for irrigation, the land will be given priority.

I H. Should be easilv Accessible

Those site will be given priority which are more
accessible. The more accessible sites will be used

t 30
 I

-II 3l
.,
II
for good promotion of improved seed, technologies
and for easy marketing of the project products.

I i. Should be Manaoeable w.r.t

manaqement
/ Supervision/

. The project site should not be a long strip or

scattered form to be not easily managed by a

I .
small management team.
There should be no human settlements in the
middle of the plain to create management
problems.

I r There should be no landlords in the middle of

the projects area who are not willing to
provide land to the project.

t
J Should be Manaqeable w.r.t Water Use
Planninq
I The water resources should lie in the project area.
For the purpose, the project area should be
extended to the resource point to install a cost
effective irrigation schemes.
I
K Should be Manaqeable w.r.t Land Use
Planninq
I The Project area should be a complete unit w.r.t
Land Use Planning e.g. the debris of the land
should not be thrown to the non target area or a

I lake/ pond established

In the project should not damage the property of

other farmers etc.

I 3l
I 32

L Should be Manaoeable w.r.t Gost

The project area should be such that it can be
developed through the available Government funds

I and it should have additional land which is

developed through its income.

I Products.
The project area should be suitable for manageable
crops and manageable orchards e.g. an orchard of
peaches is not easily manageable especially when

I the area is large. But on the other hand the orchards

of dry fruits are highly manageable'

I
2. LAND RECLAMATION
A culturable wasteland can be defined in two ways'
I The first definition is that a land which can be
devetoped for the traditional crops and traditional
orchards is called a culturable wasteland. Barani
farming has been almost abandoned due to long dry
I spells and erratic rains. The power based irrigation
schemes are either abandoned or under utilized due
to the price hike of fuels and maintenance' The

t farmers want to develop their land for surface

irrigation for which they need precise land leveling'
They want to cultivate traditional crops which are all
seasonal. These non perennial crops require at

I least three irrigations up till its maturity. There is no

trend orcharci establishment because of its
of
damages by the surrounding population. In some
areas water loving orchards like peach, malta, apple

t etc. are established on their cultivated lands with

32
I 33

perennial water. Land leveling is only required for

lands where there is surplus perennial water' The
high percentage of leveled wasteland indicates that

I land leveling is not the core issue' The core issue is

the scarcity of water.

The second definition is that a wasteland which can

t be developed for drytand agriculture through

appropriate technologies. Here the scarcity of water
is resolved through drip irrigation or community
dams construction. According to the second

I definition more than 70% of the total area of FATA

is culturable wasteland. sPDP follow this definition
and devetops wastelands through drip irrigation for
dryland agriculture.

t The development of wastelands requires proper

land/water use planning and integrated package of
all related activities. SPDP is basically aimed at the
t cost effectively development of vast plains of
wasteland through appropriate dryland technology
and promotion of dryland agriculture. The target
population, target land, and $pe of orchards and

I execution strategy of SPDP are different than

Agriculture Department as SPDP deals with the
communities of vast plains of wastelands and its
execution strategy is based on vast plain-wise
I land/water use planning. SPDP avoids land

fragmentation and promote collective farming and

collective marketing. Similarly the
lrrigation

Department's activities of are also different than

I SPDP. SPDP select best course of action for the
sustainable development of dryland agriculture on
the basis of land/water use paining of a vast plain'

I JJ
 34
F The following are the sub- components of land
reclamation.
a. Land leveling for nurseries and dryland
crops.
T of SPDP Micro lrrigation
b. Establishment
SYstem
c. Establishment of farm road network

t d. Construction of earth fill dams/bridges

e. Clearance of wild bushes
f. Clearance of stones from nursery fields
g. Installation of tubewells

t h.
i.
Construction of water tanks
Construction of ditches and ridges for
conservation of rain water.
j. Digging deep pits through mechanized
I methods for Plantation

I
crops.

In the Pilot Phase of SPDP, 300 acres

t wasteland of Lalmay Upper Kurram was
leveled in a traditional manner and 200 land
of non perennial streams and highly rugged

I areas were not leveled. Drip irrigation was

installed and dryland orchards were
established on both areas. lt was found that
the growth of plants in the rugged areas and

t stream lands was befter than the leveled

lands. The main reasorl was the disturbance
of top soil in the leveled lands' In drip
irrigation leveled land is not required

t 34
therefore the land reclamation strategy of
I 35

SPDP was modified. SPDP will not level land

for orchard establishment but will level only
land for nursery raising or other experimental
the strategY, the cost was
In
I crops.
substantially reduced and the result became
more impressive.

b. Establishnent of SPD-P MiLo

I
The SPDP Micro lrrigation System has six MAIN

I ACTIVITIES i.e.
1. Exploitation of community lrrigation
source
2. construction of community Water tank
I with a size of at least 35.45 feet
3. installation of 3 inch PVC main pipe
network.
4. Installation of Water pipes 1.5 inch HD
I pipes along road network
5. installation of water taps at a distance
of about 250 feet.
6. Portable pipes
I 7. SPDP Pipe winder

As discussed earlier, it can be said that where

there is no perennial water for flood irrigation,
t 35
t f
36

the land even cultivated in past has became

waste. Very little perennialwater is available and
therefore the percentage of cultivated land is 7 of

I the total area of FATA. The percentage of

irrigated area of the cultivated area is 40.

Due to the introduction of SPDP micro lrrigation

I System the diffination of culturable waste land

has been changed. Now all the rugged, and
stream areas can be irrigated through SPDP
Micro lrrigation and thus these land may be

I called culturable wastelands. Different types of

micro lrrigation systems exists. The simplest and
cheapest system is of Engro Asahi which is
being used in Baluchistan. The sophisticated

T micro irrigation systems can not be easily

promoted in Pakistan because of its high cost,
sophisticated machinery and high operational
cost.

t
A comparative statement of the two systems
are given below

I S.No Traditional Micro SPDP Micro lrrigation

lrrigation
Gost per acre is Cost per acre is Rs.
t
1

Rs.33,000 2,000
2 The command are The command are of
of one unit is about one unit is about 500
10 acres acres
I ? ls not enough user ls user friendly
friendly
4 Ammeters are No clogging problem

I frequently clogged

36
I 5
37

Needs filters Does not need filters

6 Gross ploughing is No problem in cross
not possible ploughing

I 7 Independent The same sYstem can

system is used for be use for sPrinkle
sprinkle irrigation irrigation
8 Require trained Does not rquire trained
staff staff
T
9 ls less labour ls more labour intensive
intensive

T Slowinq Down rain Water Flow

Almost all the plains specially the target plains have
substantial slopes and all rain water is drained to

I down stream quickly. SPDP preserved rain water in

each community farm through ridges, deep
ploughing, vegetation and mulching. This practice
was proved successful. SPDP do not depend on

t this technique but a lot of irrigation through tube well

is saved.

The community dams are constructed with the close

I involvement of communities. These dams subsides

silt and therefore the plant groMh is increased'

c. Establishment of farm road

I network
In FATA, there is no proper farm roads. The farm
roads look like a donkey track. Most often

t tribesmen fight on farm roads' In wastelands the

37
I r
38

construction of wastelands is very difficult as no

formal roads exist. SPDP establishes road

network in a Planned manner.

t
d. Construction of earth fill
dams/bridqes
I Harnessing rain water for irrigation is commonly
practiced in FATA. The villagers individually, divert
flood water to their field at upstream point and
cultivate both winter and summer season traditional
I crops. In some agencies like Kurram, they establish
a pond which is being used for hunting of wild
ducks, but latter on, they starts growing paddy in
their ponds.
T
The traditional flood irrigation system has some
weaknesses e.g. due to their social problems,

I appropriate sites for diversion bunds are not

selected, their channels are not properly leveled to
irrigate maximum land and appropriate crops are
not selected for the flood irrigation.

I Harnessing flood water for irrigation has two other

advantages. i.e. controlling flood down stream and
deposition of silt full of organic matters in the target

I area.

But since rain falls are erratic therefore irrigation

from these ponds is risk averse. The traditional

I crops require at least three irrigation. When their

need of two irrigation is fulfilled, they have no water
for the third irrigation.

I 38
I 39

SPDP concentrates on the construction of

community dames. But direct irrigation is not aimed
from these dams. The water is pumped out on need

t basis for irrigation whenever

dams play the following roles:
it is needed' These

. The earth fill embankments arc used as

bridges.
o No rain water is drained to down stream
T
o Silt is accumulated and is used for nurseries'
o Flood damages are avoided.

e. Clearance of wild bushes

Culturable wastelands have always wild bushes,
t shrubs and trees. SPDP does not deplete trees
but it depletes bushes to clear land for orchards
and crops. SPDP prefers wastelands with less

I wild trees and bushes for its intervention. But a

community strongly presses for the clearance of
wild bushes or trees, SPDP initiate its
intervention. Usually mesquite bush and
plains'
I eucalyptus are available in waste
tribesmen want to give these trees/bushes free
The

of cost to SPDP as they do not anticipate good

income.

T
f. Clearance of stones from nurserv

t Stones in wastelands are in abundance' In

orchard lands these stones are not removed for

its high cost. Furthermore, it is not needed to
or level these lands. Stones are
I cultivate put

39
I 40

round a plant the avoid evaporation. But each

plain has some potential land for nurseries and
crops. SPDP clears stones from these areas to
upgrade soil. Usuatly SPDP stone collectors are
T
used to clear stones.

g. lnstall
I As per PC-1, no specific plain of wasteland is
planned to be developed. SPDP selects a Plain
for its intervention but the decision is in the
hands of community. A plain can be dropped at
T many stages i.e. at the stage of community
motivation, committee constitution, signing
agreement, road networks etc. Therefore, SPDP
is not aware of the water resources or number of
I new tubewells to be installed. SPDP avoids
dugwells as these are individual oriented. The
following policy is followed:
i. is to gravity based
I Priority
schemes.
given

ii. Second priority is given to the existing

tubewells which is turned into the

I community status. The communitY

tubewells are repaired and upgraded
by SPDP.
iii. lf there is dire need of a tubewell, then

I iv.
it is installed.
The command area of a tubewell must
be more than 300 acres.
v. Micro irrigation system must be
installed and dryland orchards must be
T
established by SPDP in the command
area of a tubewell.

I 40
I

_-r 4l
r-
/|_ vi. The community will provide free hand
to SPDP to select a feasible site with
respect to micro irrigation system.

I vii. No tenders will be awarded for drilling

or purchase of machinery-
viii. That technologY/machinery will be

preferred which has sufficient social

I acceptability.
Standard PVC pipes will be preferred.

h. Construction of ditches and ridoes

I for conservation of rain water.
Rain water is harnessed for the irrigation of
orchards through the construction of ridges'

I These ridges are made against the water flow to

preserve rain water in the field. This techniques
protect land from erosion.

I i. Diqqino deeP Pits throuqh

Dechanized methods for
plantation

I SPDP dig pits in a mechanized way through

tractor driven post hole diggers. This method is
not only etficient but also helps in the dry
weather as the roots of a plant is placed at a

I deeper position.

I
Development of Dryland Technology

T
4l
 42
T Sustainable Plains Development Programme (SPDP)
develops dry and wasteland of FATA on the basis of
land/water use planning, community farming and
integrated approach. The main activities of SPDP are
T pooling fragmented lands, establishment of road
networks with flood dams as bridges, land reclamation,
installation of tubewells/drip inigation and establishment
of regular orchards and promotion of drought tolerant
T
crops. The maintenance of orchards for at least 5 years

and the establishment of appropriate marketing channels

also lie in the domain of SPDP.

t In the Pilot Phase of SPDP, the expenditure was

Rs.24,000 per acre but due to the adoption of new
techniques and appropriate technology the expenditure on

I the development of wasteland was reduced to Rs.6.000

rc. It may be noted that the SPDP gives a package

of all related activities in the development of wastelands.
If all these activities are carried out in a traditional
I manner, it would cost more than 4lacks rupees per acre.

SPDP has developed more than l0 innovative tractor-

driven implements for different agriculture operations. A

I new type of drip inigation is being installed on 21,000

acres land. SPDP has at least one independent work shop
for the repair of tractors, tractor driven implements,
development of appropriate technology and mass scale
production of appropriate implements for dry and hard
T
lands. The following are the achievement of SPDP.
. SPDP Drip Inigation
o Vertical shafted wind rnill

t .
o
Dryland ridger
Dryland dicher (5 models)
. Dryland blade (two models)
o Stone collector (two models)

t 42
I 43

Drip Irrieation
The traditional drip irrigation is highly sophisticated and
Rs.33,000 per acre is the installation cost of the simplest
T model of the system. Since the system requires pressure
pumps, filtration plants, qualified technicians and careful

layout, therefore the system have no potential to be

t promoted in tribal iueas. The system even could not

promoted amongst the progressive farmers of the down
country. The earth moving tractor-driven implements are
manufactured every where in the country but almost all
implements are used for cultivated lands or soft
T
wastelands of Punjab. Since SPDP deals with dry and
wastelands of mountainous region and land leveling is
not aimed therefore, appropriate technology is focused.

t SPDP has developed a new type of drip irrigation which

has abysmally low cost i.e. Rs.l000 per acre. The system

was successfully tested and extended to 21,000 acres land

I of SPDP on which regular orchards have been

established. The system has the advantages to be used for
sprinkle irrigation and contrary to the sophisticated drip
irrigation, it has no clogging and maintenance problem.

t Besides drip inigation SPDP has developed many tractor-

driven implements due to which the development of

thousands acres wastelands have been made possible. The

important SPDP designed tractor-driven implements are

I dryland blades, stone collector, dryland ditcher Drip
Inigation Cart etc. SPDP has also developed a vertical
shafted prototype windmill which can be effectively
utilized in the inigation sector.
I
WINDMILL

Brief Historv of Wind Mill

I 43
 44
T it is said that Egyptian are the first user of wind
power in 2800 BC. The Persian followed the
Egyptian and built vertical shafted windmill for

I grinding grain. East followed the Persian Muslims

and contributed to the technology. The Dutch, in the
near past took lot of interest in the technology and
developed propeller-type horizontal shafted windmill
which is still common in Netherlands and England.
T
The most important and memorable machine was
Smith-Outnam Machine built near Rutland in 1940.

t The blades of this machine were 175 feet long. The

machine produced 1500 KW power but very soon
the high wind broke its blades, which were not
replaced.

I In 1950's and 1960's France and Germany built

advance designs for providing extra power to their
national transmission lines but cheap fossil fuel

T discouraged further development. However, it is

reported that 8% of the entire power of Netherlands
is generated through wind.

t The technology has not been benefited in Pakistan

due to a number of reasons, mainly primitive
designs, low efficiency of the windmill, lack of
trained staff, non-availability of fully equipped
I workshop and high initial cost.

Potentials of Wind Mills in FATA

FATA is a mountainous regions and each agency is
t comprised of a number of valleys. Almost each
agency/FR has certain zones where strong wind is
blowing for more than 6 hours per day. But the wind
is blowing inconsistently with different directions.
T
44
t F
45

According to the experts, 20 to 25 km per hour

speed of wind could produce 200 wafts electricity on

I one square meter of the blade surface of a windmill.

But unlike coastal areas wind is not blowing in a
constant speed and with a specific direction in
FATA, therefore, in the opinion of SPDP, a
I sophisticated model of windmill
irrigation.
is not feasible for

FATA is facing severe power problem. According to

the farmers their tubewell/dugwells are hardly
T
operated for two hours in a day due to low voltage
or load shedding specially, in hot and dry seasons.
Recently, the trend of farmers have been diverted to

l the installation of diesel pumps but it is manifold

costly exercise.

Since SPDP focuses on the exploitation of natural

I resources for the development of agriculture,

therefore the need of windmill was felt in feasible
zones.

I A student of lslamia College Peshawar designed a

vertical shafted windmill called ?bbas Wind
Turbine" The turbine has a valve system and its
blades rotates horizontally with ground. The valves

I are made of cloth and it keeps rotating in clock wise

direction what ever the direction of the wind ids. The
turbine does not require any tower/ building, heavy
blades or strong support system and therefore can
I be manufactured and installed on low cost by local
technicians..

I 45
 46
T Keeping in view the multidirectional and highly
fluctuated wind at Lalmay Kurram Agency, SpDp
installed the prototype vertical shafted wind turbine
in the community farm lalmay in August, 2004 on
T
the directive of Governor NWFP. The purpose was
to test the rotation of the turbine. The rotation of the
wind turbine was proved satisfactory and therefore

t the blades were extended to 35 feet. The power of

the turbine is 15 horsepower but it is not utilized for
the following reasons:
. The ground water level is very low and
t conversion of mechanical energy into
electrical energy is required.
. The electrical energy is not produced
because of the highly fluctuated power.

I . Mistakes in the system used for the increase

of RPM have been committed.

This was the first wind turbine of its nature and the
t prototype needs to be improved.

I 46
I
Dryland agriculture has three components i.e.
I dryland orchards and dry land crops. SPDP will
establish dryland orchards on 100% target land. For
the purpose SPDP develops micro irrigation system.
But to augment the income of farmers, dryland
I crops will also be introduced on research basis as
intercropping.

SPDP conducts LandMater Use Studies in the

T target area. A broad guide line and a tentative plan
of operation for the target arca is formulated.
Appropriate courses of action are selected and the
development activates are carried out through an
I integrated Approach. All water resources, soil
texture, climatic conditions and existing agriculture
are studied and on the basis appropriate crops and
orchards are identified.
I
Drvland Orchards
I There is water scarcity in almost all FATA but still
dryland orchards are not established on commercial
basis. After conducting several surveys, the
following factors were identified.

I . The farmers are aware of the good

production of many non traditional fruit tree
but the production of few farmers can not
attract market. Mass production in truck loads
I is required for a non traditional product atan
accessible zone.

T
47
I )-
48

A non traditional orchard established by a

farmer is damaged due to the population
pressure of its surrounding areas and thus is

t not profitable.

No support to the farmers was provided in

the establishment of dryland orchards.

I The potential land for the promotion of

dryland orchard is wasteland. But except
SPDP, there is no programme for the

I development of wasteland.

Almost all nut orchards including almond were

ignored in the past and no zones for suitable

I species have been identified. SPDP will initially

establish orchards in all areas of FATA. After few
years, the suitable zones for non traditional
orchards may be selected and mass promotion of

l the specie will be then carried out.

These fruit trees needs to be planted on mass scale

to attract markets and to ensure the sustainable
I profit of farmers. SPDP will ensure the quality
control at farmer level and for the purposes, SPDP
will establish proper fruit nurseries of improved
varieties with great care.
I
The project will plant best fruit species on large
scale in view of export. For proper packing women
folk will be involved. Power based irrigation
I schemes will be jLrdiciously installed which will not
be used for the regular irrigation/ flood irrigation of
crops. Except high value non traditional crops other
water loving crops will not be irrigated through
.l 48
l 49
power based schemes. Tubewells or dugwells will
be installed for channel irrigation or micro irrigation
to irrigate nut orchards and creeper

I crops/vegetable.

100o/o target land will be developed for drought

resistant orchards e.g. walnut, pomegranate,

I almond or dates etc. Livestock or poultry farming,

bee keeping etc will be developed through the
project income in the SPDP target land.

I One of the objective of SPDP is the initiation of

community farming or corporate agriculture farming.
Since SPDP deals with wastelands which has
scarce water, therefore, the promotion of dryland

I orchard is the best option. Furthermore, orchards

are usually purchased by orchard dealers. These
orchard dealers plays the role of corporate
agriculture firms. lf the beneficiary collectively carry

I out its marketing collectively like they do in case of

tomato or potato etc. that may be called collective
marketing. All this is done to maximize farmer
income and to discourage land fragmentation.

I It may be noted that the tribesmen may never lease

out their common land to tenants due to ejection
problem and will try to distribute their land. But
I leasing out of orchards is a common practice
through out the country and alrnost 100% medium
scale or large scale orchards owners lease out their
regular orchards to the orchard dealers. The land
t lords in leasing out their orchards with cultivated
land do not anticipate ejection problem as the
established orchards of a landlords protect his
propriety right.
I 49
 50
T
To increase more than 100 times the command
atea of an irrigation source, to avoid land

I fragmentation, to optimize income of the landlords

and to ensure sustainable benefit, the establishment
of dryland orchards is a regular feature of SPDP.

I It has also been noted that the traditional fruit tree

species can not be marketed easily because of its
perishability especially when it is planted on mass
scale. Moreover, these species are water loving and

I its profitability is uncertain

Keeping in view the wasteland of FATA with scarce

water resources, the climatic condition and the soil

I texture, regular orchards on large scale

pomegranate, almond, walnut, pistachio, olive and
of

pecon-nut etc. has been recommended.

-l Other fruit tree species e.g. grapes, melon,

hazelnut. Chestnut will be planted on experimental
basis. Since each project site lies in different agro-
ecological zone, therefore, different fruit species
t may be prioritized. A new nut specie will be
promoted on the following characteristics.

a Satisfactory growth of the plant

I a Long life of the nut tree
a Good quality and good production
o No or little diseases

t a Good market value.

Walnut.
Few decades ago, wanut used to be a base food in

I winter season of the snow bound areas of FATA.

50
t 5l
Almost each farmer had some walnut trees in their
courtyards or in their nearby field. No regular
orchard of walnut has been established in FATA.

I The tribesmen used to keep walnut trees for their

own consumption as they had no vegetable, meat or
other food stuff in winter season. But now the trend
has been changed due to good accessibility to

I market and due to shrunken winter season.

A mature tree not only produces walnut of about
Rs. 2000 per year but also provides valuable wood.
Walnut has a long life and has no disease in the

I area where it grows indigenously. lts fruits are less

damaged in hail storms and its roots. Due to its
deep rooted characteristics walnut becomes highly
drought tolerant. A walnut tree has the potential to

I replace shisham wood used for furniture and pine

wood used as timber.

The estimated income from one acre regular walnut

I orchard is Rs. 50,000 per acre per year @ of 50

walnut trees/acre and Rs. 1000 income per tree. A
walnut orchard is easily manageable and an orchard
dealer will face no problem in its management and

I marketing.

Almond
An almond tree has about 60 years life. lt is drought
I resistant, hailstorm resistant and profitable. SPDP
established regular almond orchards of good
pollinated species in Kurram, Mohmand and Khyber
Agencies. On the basis of experience it was
I concludeC that almcnd nu!'sery produced from
almond rootstock is more impressive in terms of
diseases and growth.

I 5t
I 52

Due to extreme cold in winter, peculiar soil texture,

ground water level, high altitude, Kurram Agency
was considered the most suitable region for almond.

I But the quality of fruit and groMh of almond at

Mohmand Agency seems also impressive.

For better pollination, honeybee keeping will also be

I promoted. To increase almond production and to

augment the farmer's income through SPDP will
work on value addition techniques.

I Two types of almond orchards are established. One

is of wild species like bitter almond and hard shell
almond and the second is the thin shell almond. lt
seems that thin sell almond has good market and it
would be more profitable for farmers but the
production of wild species is very high and its life is
more than the improved varieties.

Almond is a cross pollinated specie and non-

perial, vesta and gordinal provide a good
combination. Another good combination of
Baluchistani almond species is Patasa,
mungpalli and Talwar. Since the local people
are not aware of the issue pollination
therefore, they usually plant a single almond
variety, which results poor bearing.
One of the major reasons of non plantation of
almond and other nut orchards is the
extensive promotion campaign of Agriculture
Department of fresh fruit orchards on irrigated
land. The Agriculture Extension Department
avoids the establishment of drought tolerant
orchards on barani land and promotes

52
I 53

production.
. Almond trees has common disease which is

I cured after a spray. Since the farmers

one or two almond trees, therefore they do not
have

give attention to its protection.

I Pomeoranate
The indigenous variety of pomegranate of Kirman
Parachinar was considered better than
pomegranate of Qandahar Afghanistan. lt was
famous for its colour, aroma, taste, size and
production. Agriculture Department introduced some
improved varieties in the area but it could not
replaced the indigenous variety because of it

cracking problem. Due to the extensive promotion

campaign of the Department, other fresh fruit
orchards were promoted on cornmercial basis but
pomegranate were ignored. The farmers used to
plant pomegranate on the boundaries of other
orchards as fence. Recently, few farmers have
established regular orchards of indigenous variety
on small scale.

Pomegranate is given priority because it is highly

drought resistant and hailstorm resistant. lt fruit can
survive for about 3 months and is as manageable as
nut orchards. lt has weediness characteristics and if
depleted its second generation starts through
coppices. lt has long life for about 45 years and its
fruit attachment r,rrith the branches is highly strong.
The project will not spend money on fencing but will
plant pomegranate as fence in all the three project
sites.

53
I 54

Pistachio
There are few trees of Pistachio in the whole

I Agency. The quality and production of it pistachio is

encouraging. But according to the experts, the
specie needs a combination of male and female.
Wild pistachio is grown in FATA which indicates the

I potential for the improved varieties of pistachio. The

project will promote the pistachio orchards carefully
and if found successful, it will be promoted on large
scale.

Grapes. Cherrv. Melons. Apricot & Malta

Different plains may lie in different agro ecological
zone. There are some areas which have cold
climatic condition and some have pleasant weather.
The project will established orchard suitable for the
region. SPDP observe the fruit plants at villages of a
region. The quality of plants and fruits are observe
and questions about best fruit species are asked.
On the basis of information and the choice of
beneficiary groups and with the help of network,
orchard policy is framed.

Pine nut. Peconnut. Hazelnuts and Chestnut

Since the project wants to promote nut

orchards on common vast plains, therefore
new but high valued nut tree species will be
planted on experimental basis.

The production of pine nuts in the cold and high

altitude regions of South Waziristan is highly
impressive Pine nuts require a particular altitude,
soiltexture and climate and it is said that Kohi Sofed

54
t
55

mountains are suitable for pine nut trees' Pine nut is

high valued specie and a tree produces nuts of Rs.
6,000 per yeat. The suitability of pine nut will be

I tested in the Project area.

Pecan nut can also be successfully promoted in

NWA. The specie is planted in the tropical area of

I the county but has not been promoted on mass

scale.

6h MARKETING
It is believed that the main hurdle in the promotion
of non traditional crops/orchards is the in

appropriate marketing system. Government

departments are not in position to cultivate a non
traditional crop on appropriate scale. But SPDP is in
position to cultivate nontraditional crop on large
scale. SPDP is also in position to maintain quality
control. The market for a large scale production is
by itself created. Furthermore SPDP is also in
position to export certain products and capture the
foreign market.

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OPF SPDP

SPDP has an innovative horticulture promotion,
irrigation, land development and implementation
strategies. The dryland orchards identified so far
aqnd the appropriate zone identification for different
crops/plants is the outcome of the research of
SPDP. The regular orchards of fruit species e.g.
almond, pistachio, olive, pecan nut , apricot etc are
identified by SPDP and it became traditional after
five years. But there are many fruit plants, vegetable
and cut flower plants which need to be promoted in
appropriate zones.

55
 56
T F The project deals different agro-ecological zone of
FATA which would have the potential areas of
various fruits, vegetable, medicinal plants, and

I floriculture.

The Formulation Mission noted that many potential

crops were not identified in the past in their

I respective appropriate zones. The promotion

programme of Agriculture Extension does not
achieve the desired results because of insufficient
control over the farmer's practices in the
establishment of demonstration plots. Non-
traditional crops could not promoted because
appropriate quantity was not produced to attract
market e.g. a truck load of a new product can be
marketed down country, but if a progressive farmer
produces few bags, neither it can attracts
middlemen nor he himself market it and
consequently the crop is never cultivated in the
area. This happened with oil seed in many area.

Moreover, the farmers cropping pattern is

associated with their taste and traditions. They
cultivate paddy even on the lands which are
irrigated through diesel pumps. They do not
cultivate high yield varieties because the like they
taste of their indigenous variety. In such a situation,
they are less flexible in adopting a new variety or a
non traditional crop. Due to these problems, the
government efforts regarding the promotion of a
new crop do not achieve the desired results. On
contrary, the project will own all activities and will
have control over market because of mass
production. In this regard the Project will first

ll 56
 I )-
57

establish the marketing channels and accordingly

devise the Production strategY.

I The project will focus on high value, drought

tolerant, perennial fruits, vegetable and other crops.
Low cost, manageable and legurnous crops will be
preferred. On the basis of past experience of SPDP

I traditional crops like wheat, rnong, mash etc

soyebean which are also drought tolerant can not
be effectively produced through power based
irrigation schemes. SPDP also cultivated water
millon and melons on tubewells land for mulcting
purposes. And it was found that it is useful for only
mulching purposes. But as far as the income from
these crops is concerned, it was found negligible.

Medicinal Plants Promotion

On the basis of four years experience in the

development of wastelands of FATA through SPDP

,it was concluded that the seasonal crops are not
feasible for cultivation through tubewells. But there
are wild indigenous wild plants which are lush green
in prolong dry spells. The reason is if these are
survived in the first year, its root system become
strong and goes deep due to which these are not
damaged in dry sPells.
Some plants have a great medicinal vale. SPDP
concentrated on such medicinal plants and have
identified the following sPecies.

t Seabukthorn
The berries of seabukthorn have high potency
vitamins and thus use for the production of jam,
jellies and marmalade. lt is a medicine for sugar,
blood pressure heart diseases and cancer. lt oil is

Ir 57
I )-
58

also used fo a number of skin deseases. The plant

is lagumous in nature ad is enriches soil. lt wood is
used for handles of hand driven implements- The

I plant is grown in Parachinar and it is believed that in

certain pockets of North Waziristan it can also be
grown.

I Artmisia Anuva
The plan is WHO recommended for anti malaria
drugs. The wild species are abundantly grown in
Parachinar and artimisia annova is the improved
specie which has been imported from china.

Glavsrezia
The plant is used for the production of glysrene and
is anticeptic. lt is also used for sweetnes as it is 50
time sweeter than sugar.

Ephedra.
Ephedine is produced from the plant and can be
cultivated in the agency. lt is also used in herbal
drugs and homeopathic drugs for chest diseases.

Thvmus.
Thymus is an effective drug for stomach diseases,
throat infection and as expectorant.

OTHER PRODUCTIVE ENTERPRISES

SPDP is based on land/water use planning. The
project will also emphasize on the exploitation of

I natural resources if high cost is not involved. SPDP

can initiate any any potential income generating
productive activity of green sector. The productive
enterprises will be executed through the same staff

I by imparting them the necessary training. The

58
 I 59

concerned staff will be paid special bonus in the

income from the enterprises. The income of the
project will be deposited in an authorized account

I and will be utilized in similar activities of SPDP.

Fish Farminq
Although the project deals with wasteland with the

I assumption of scarce water but SPDP exploits all

natural resources concerning agriculture, There may
be certain points which can be developed for fish
farming. For example fish farms can be established
on gravity based irrigation scheme, flood dam, or
big water tank of drip irrigation.

FLORICULTURE
Altitude wise, climatic condition wise and soil texture
wise FATA is different than the remaining parts of
the country. Since floriculture business has gained
sufficient popularity all over the world therefore,
there must have some species which are not grown
in the down country or which can be an off season
flowers.

SPDP established a research plot at Community

Farm Lalmay Upper Kurram of floriculture, which
gave impressive results.

TEA PRODUCTION
SPDP is in position to cultivate tea on mass scale,
but FATA is in general a dry land with a high value

ll of PH. The PH value of its soil is 7 on the average

and therefore the arca is not suitable for tea
cultivation. But there may be sorne agro-ecological
zones which may be considered suitable for tea
production because of its acidic soil texture, porous

t'
59
l r
60

land and high rainfall. SPDP will not ignore the

potential sites and after conducting proper feasibility
studies tea can be promoted through SPDP.

I Contrary to the strategy of Lever Brothers at

Shinkiari Mansehra, SPDP will not be quality
conscious but will be quantity conscious and will

I promote tea plantation through seedling instead of

cloning. lt may be noted that cloning is a highly time
consuming technique in which good quality tea
species are planted.

As far as good quality of tea is concerned, it is

produced through blending of three types of tea
leaves. Some tea plants have good tea color. Tea
Production Companies use a suitable combination
of blending and market it. Different agro-ecological
zones have the potential of producing different type
of tea. The quality of any type of tea can be
improved during its processing.

Pakistan imported tea of Rs. 4850 million in the first

five months of 2001. if we were not quality
conscious and concentrate on tea plantation in
Mansehra the situation would haven different. lt may
be noted that even now, China and Seri Lanka are
not quality conscious and their 75o/o tea plantation
is through seedling.

By definition taste is nothing, but it is developed if

is used frequently. Instead of imported
ll
something
tea, if indigenous tea would have used, our taste
would have been developed with the indigenous tea
taste and probably would have hate the taste of
imported tea by now.

IT
60
 6l
T
Tea plants produce thick forest, which is highly
useful for controlling floods/soil erosion. lt is said

I that the promotion of tea plantation in Mansehara

would have doubled the life of Turbela Dam.
According to the Evaluation 1999, all Tea schemes
of the MVSP project had been abandoned. The
main reason of failure of the tea plantation schemes
were the poor supervision of tea plots. The tea plots
had been established in the remote areas, the
acreage of the plots were small and were situated
in a scattered manner. The MVSP Project had
neither signed an agreement with NTRI or Lever
Brothers regarding its supervision nor imparted
necessary training to the concerned staff. The
evaluation revealed that no one of the staff was
made responsible for the activities and in

consequent none of the tea plant was survived.

There some pockets in FATA in which PH value is

small, rain fall is high with high RH %. lf such land
was provided for SPDP intervention, Tea plantation
would be promoted.

Since vast areas of Culturable waste land are the

potential land for tea plantation, and the potential
land lords will not hesitate to provide their vast
common lands due to its high market value,
therefore SPD Strategy is best fit for tea promotion if
potential area is found.

Potential Sites for tea cultivation

Tea cultivation can be best carried out through the
SPD Projects because of the following reasons

6l
I 62

scale at a certain feasible pocket' SPDP only

deals with mass scale production of any

I o
suitable sPecie.
Farmers can not wait for a long time for
income. SPDP have no such problems'
. Farmers are worried about the marketing of

I raw tea. SPDP is in position to properly

market tea in raw form. Moreover, the project
can arrange a tea production unit in the area'

Maintenance and Production

The major hurdle in the promotion of orchards is the
maintenance of orchards. The farmers can not
protect their orchard from their rivals, neibours and
animals. They can not properly irrigate their
orchards. They have no money for fertilizers and
pesticides. Due to these problems they do not even
dare to establish orchards' The pilot project of
SPDP revealed that the joint venture of community
and SPDP was proved successful- The same
practiced is a part and parcel of the SPDP Strategy'
SPDP and community iointly irrigate all orchards of
the community farm. Both tribesmen and project
staff jointly procure farm yard manure and are
tl involved in all agriculture operation.

After establishment of orchards, SPDP concentrate

tl on intercropping. For the purpose traditional and

non traditionat crops are sown on experimental
basis. As per policy, the production of a farm during
it plan period is utilized in the development activities

IT
62
I 63

of SPDP. The production comes from the following

activities.

I Production from orchards after four vears.

The production from orchards is on low scale' The
collection of low scale fruit production is both time
consuming and costly. Furthermore, its protection

I from children and labours is difficult. The tribesmen

also shows interest to taste the fruit of their fruits.
SPDP also wants to get feed back about the quality
of their production. Therefore, no income is

generated from orchards in the first five years.

Production from Experimental croos

SPDP is using different technology, different
techniques and practices and it is intended that the
available water resources be best utilized' For the
purpose traditional and non traditional crops,
medicinal herbs and trees are sown and other crops
like floriculture etc are tested to identify the most
high value crop to augment the income of farmers of
the area. The production from experimental plots
are on low scale and it income is utilized on the
development of additional experimental plots or
development of appropriate technology.

ll
Production from Nurseries
Nursery raising is a major activity of SPDP as its
It quality is ensured. Furthermore the survival rate of
own nurseries is significantly impressive- lt is

assumed that the size of nursery will be increasing

tl but its demand will be manifold increasing in the first

 64

I four years of a proiect. In the final years of the

Community Farm, SPDP may have sufficient
income from nurseries but in the initial years no

I plant will be soled.

Mass scale production.

SPDP is not bound to cultivate crops on all available

I land. But it depends on the agreement with the

communities and the resources available. Mass
scale production will be possible only in the final
years of a community farm. The project will only
invest saved government funds or the income of the
farm. The project will not be involved in tendering
due to limited staff and numerous time bound
development activities. The mass scale production
activity will not be mandatory and will be carried out
on voluntarilY basis.

6cvii Veqetable production on small scale.

The field staff will also be involved in the vegetable
production to cater for their field requirement of
food.

ll
ll ocviii Sustainability Gommunity Farming
The project strategY is in conformity of the
community farming and for the purpose the
community is made bound to initiate community

ll farming after handing over the project land to them.

The common farm roads, the common irrigation
schemes and the marketing of the manageable
orchards and non traditional crops would be

ll bonding for community farming give a good

64
 65
I r foundation for the sustainabili$ of community
farming.

the project with support of political

t Furthermore
administration will provide necessary financial,
technical and moral support to the community in the
initiation of community farming. lt is hoped that the

I community will find collective marketing collective

usage of their infrastructure as the best option. The
project will give free hand to the community but the
communi$ will have three options as under

I First Alternative
They successfully distribute their lands among
themselves. In such a situation the project will

t motivate them to continue the collective marketing

and follow the agreement to utilized the physicaf
infrastructure collectively.

t Second Alternative
The community may opt for community farming
specially on common lands. For the purpose the
project will support the community in the
I management and community organization.

Third Alternative
I The project will neither agree upon distribution or
community farming. In such a situation, their dispute will
be resolved through political administration. The whole
target land will be given to orchard dealers or firms on

I lease basis.

Fourth alternative

I 65
 66
T ln case of chronic disputes on land, the land will be
taken in the custody of Political Administration and
the income of land will be utilized on the
development activities with special names.
I
The project will establish community farms on vast

plains of wastelands in of NWA. The total target of the

project is the development of 10,000 acres wastelands
T and the provision of mature orchards to the communities
after five years. All the community farms can not be

established in the fist three year but this will be a routine

l activity. Independent agreement will be signed

different communities for at least five years or according
with

to the choice of the community. The plan period of the

project should be therefore at least 12 years but the SPDP

I management will not demand for additional time and

additional money and the community farm staff will
continue their activities on the basis of self t-tnancing.
The farm staff will be turned into a private firm/NGO and

t will develop additional land through the income of

farm.
the

Handinq Over SPD Communitv Farm to the Communitv

I By the end of plan period of a community farm all

the developed land with established orchards and
physical infrastructure would be handed over to the

I representative Committee of the beneficiary group

free of cost. As mentioned above the community will
have four options. SPDP with support of Political
Administration will motivate farmers to continue
I community farming through their existing or any
other representative committee. But if they insist on
distribution of land, their disputes will be resolved
through jirga and political administration. lt is hoped
t 66
 67
t v that they will not destroy their orchards and other
physical infrastructure or there will be no hindrance
in the initiation of community farming on their

I common lands if they collectively support SPDP in

the development activities for at least 5 years, if
they participate in planning, implementation and
operation actively and if they are comfortable with

I their community infrastructure and never express

their irritation.

There are some examples that all forest trees planted

I under social forestry or block afforestation Program were

depleted after handing over their common land to the

community. But if those situations are analyzed, it is due

to the least interest of farmers in firewood species.

t Furthermore, the inferior type of trees is a one

incentive which is negligible if distributed on all families
time

of the beneficiary group. It may be noted that even

mature forest blocks have been offered for SPDP

I intervention as the beneficiary groups do not anticipate

any remarkable income from their trees. In most cases.
they communities has offered their forest trees free of
cost to SPDP to bear the expenses on its uprooting.

t Since one of the silent objectives of the project is

the discouragement of land fragmentation, therefore
the project management will initiate an appropriate
I awareness programme in the final year to motivate
the tribesmen towards the community farming.

The project will impart needful training to the

I potential private parties/ progressive tenants or will
prepare the existing project management team to
launch the privatized phase. The project will
stimulate private sector through demonstration,
I 67
I r
68

publications, and workshops/ seminars for the

development of cultivable waste plains in other
agencies/ FRs through the same strategy'

I
The project will not spend government money on
consultancies and will not award contracts of civil

t works.Contractsofcivi|workswi||beavoidedto
save time and money and to avoid disputes
amongstthetribesmenonawardingcontracts.The
project will however develop an appropriate contract

I policy for the green sector operations'

Consultancies will be avoided to promote

professionalism in the project and to promote self

I re|iance.Moreover,moneyandtimewi||besaved
and responsibitities will be fixed' The past

experienceshowsthatconsu|tantsarealways
blamed for their poor design or unnecessary high
I costestimation.Theprojectwilldevelopapane|of
expertsofgovernmentDepartmentsandprivate
sectorswhowi||supporttheprojectintechnical
matters. The experts will be provided basic facilities
I duringtheassignmentsand|attertheywi||begiven
bonus in production on the basis of their
contribution.

T 6cxi Earth Movino Machinerv

AspertheSPDStrategy,theprojectwilldevelopitsown
resources and will be on the basis of self reliance. The
projectwillnotrelyonrentedmachineryandwill
I purcha.se tractors, excavators and other machinery which

isneededonroutinebasis.Therentedmachinerywas
provedfruitfu|inawayastheprojectdidnotrequire
afleetofdrivers,technicianselc'Butithadsome
t
 69
T F disadvantages as whenever' their rent was delayed,
their efficiency was degraded substantially or in
prime times the tractor was not available" In such
situation the proiect had less control over the
I labours and rented machinery. The tribesmen used
to shift their tractors to the non project areas in the
prime times as they were getting cash money but

I with out invitation they starts works in the project

fields when it was not needed or they created

administrative Problems.

I The most serious problem in the rented tractors was

the usage of inappropriate implements. The project
activities were non traditional in the wastelands for
which non traditional tractor driven implements were

I required. The rented tractors owners had always

showed reluctance for the use of non tradition
implements. Furthermore the skill of drivers was not
developed as they were not the project employees'

I The non tradition tractor driven implements were

stone collector, deep plough, channel maker seed
drill etc. The project purchased these implements
but was no effectively used through rented tractors'

I In the revised project, the project has provision for

the purchase of 3 tractors. The number is
insufficient but since the land selection can not be
t made beforehand therefore, the project in not in
position to assess about the actual requirement'
Anyhow, the sectoral allocation is flexible and its
allocation can be changed on cogent reasons by the
t director who is solely responsible for all activities'

The project must require rented tractor if the

command area is increased. The project will not go

t 69
 70
T for tendering but tike corporate firm/Community
Farm, rented tractors will be engaged on minimum
rates preferabty on monthly basis or tractor will be
purchased on need basis. The Proiect prefers light
I earth moving machinery as heavy cutting and filling
is avoided.

I A major activity of SPDP will be the clearance of

wild bushes from the wastelands According to the
tribesmen they have no income from kiker and
mezri species and are prone to spoiled their lands.

t Masket is not eaten by animals and causes mouth

diseases in their cattle. Due its thorn tractor can not
plough in the area and it uprooting can not be made
by farmers. The same situation is with mazre. The

I farmer can not get any remarkable income and the

skilled labour get only Rs.75 per day for making
ropes from it and are always hand to mouth. Both
species provide low quality fuel wood. SPDP will try

I different alternative for its uprooting and will select

the best option. The use of bulldozer or excavator
will be the last atternative but if it was the only
alternative, the project will purchase a reconditioned

I bulldozer or excavator. As per SPD Policy, all the

movable machinery purchased from Government
Fund will remain the government property and will
be utilized in any SPDP proiect of FAT
I
CIVIL WORKS

The project deals with the establishment of

I Community farms in different regions. The land of a

community tarm is rnore than 500 acres and is one
land parcel. lt is not known that how much
community farms will be established because the

I parcel size is dependent upon the size of the tribe,

70
I 7l
sub tribe or khel etc who are welling to work
collectively, each farm will have a small store,
preferably an independent irrigation scheme and a
chowkidar room. The land leveling, construction of
I farm roads and flood dams will be simultaneously
carried out on the basis of integrated approach and
therefore thereis no specific allocation for farm
roads. The allocation for small flood dams is
t actually for the additional civil works.

No site office will be constructed for a community

I farm. The project will rent a house of a tribesman for

the site office if it is deem necessary. As far as the
head office of the project is concerned, the Project
Head Office has already been established at

I Parachinar

Generally one tubewell is required for a maximum

I area of 200 acres. But in practice, only few acres is

the catchments area of a tubewell in FATA. Since
the target area of the project is in thousands
therefore the requirement of tubewells will be in

t hundreds. But the project will develop the land on

the basis of LandMater use planning therefore, a
mix irrigation system will be established. The
number and cost of tubewell, flood dams, other
I sources of action e.g. drep/sprinkle irrigation
schemes are flexible. Since no contracts will be
awarded therefore the saving in the cost will be
used in other activities. No lengthy procedure of
I tendering etc will be followed to save time and
money and to avoid local disputes. Moreover this
practice not only generates local employment but
also develops skill of the local population. The
I 7l
I r
72

project strategy is result oriented and the project will

adopt any strategy in the installation of tubeswell or
construction of low cost dams which are cost

I effective and less time consuming.

Only Kacha lrrigation channels will be constructed.

Its construction will be simultaneously carried out

t with land leveling through integrated approach. No

contracts will be awarded fro the task. Orchard
channels will be constructed by the project through
tractors, whereas the pits with size 2*2* 2 feet will

I be constructed by the tribesmen @ Rs. 3 per pit.

Community Participation Approach of SPDP

I The community participation strategy of the
Sustainable Plains Development Programme is
entirely different than the RSP Strategy or other
traditional community participation strategies of
I NGOs.

The strategy was tested in the SPDP Community

I Farm Lalmay Upper Kurram. Three Wpes of land i.e.

common, disputed and distributed land of 500 acres
was integrated into a single land-parcel and was
handed over to the project for seven years. The
project established an orchard of 35,000 plants
I through the community participation. Due to the
non-installation of tubewell, the villagers provided
irrigation water through tankers and their private

I tubewells.

The villagers voluntarily avoided grazing and not a

single plant of fruit trees was damaged by even

t children
72
of the area. Keeping in view the full
t 73

participation of the tribesmen in the project

activities, no barbed wire or other fence was
erected. lt is hoped that their participation will be

sustainable because they will be required to initiate

I collective marketing as favorable fruit plant species
have been selected.

I ButoncontrarytheRSPcommunityParticipation
Strategyispopu|ationbasedinwhich|and/water
usep|anningorothernatura|resourcemanagement
planning are not Practiced.

I Rural Support Programe (RSP)

RSP strategy is based on community participation
butascomparedtoSPDPitsapproachisdifferent.
I Themainobjectiveoftheprogrammeistomobilize
communitiesinthedeve|opmentoftheirareasina
systematicmanner'High|yqua|ifiedstaffishired
andemphasisisgiventohumanresourcesbutthe
I visibility of expected result is debatable. some issue
regarding the RSP are enumerated below' lt may be
notedthattheseissuesarebasedonthepersona|
iudgem3ent of the writer of the PC-1-
I
The Community Based Organization (CBO) are
hardly matured as per their criteria. Usually
disputes are erupted amongst the members of a
I CBO. The past experience showed that a couple of
Pl's is granted to resolve the disputes of members'
The concerned officer blindly approves their
demand even if they keep a substantial amount in
I their pockets because he is interested in the survival
of the CBO. Moreover, he also wants to achieve the
target.

t 73
t 74

As far as the survival of a CBO is concerned, the

situation is again discouraging. The ground realities
based on some evaluations of the RSP based
proiect shows that almost all CBOs becomes
I inactive even during the project plain period when
the project economic incentives are exhausted.
Contrary to the basic philosophy of RSP, local

I elders usually hijack their CBOs as they play a key

role in the establishment of a CBO at their village.
Whenever they get economic benefit on the name of
their organization they shows interest but when the

I incentives are stopped they loose interest in their

organization and the activities are dead ended.

It is interesting to note that IFAD, World Bank, Asian

Development Bank etc financially support only those
I rural area development projects and NGO's who are
based on RSP Strategy. In FATA, there are three
major development potentials i'e. Agriculture,

I Mineral and Human Resource

FATA has tremendous amount of mineral resources

but almost all are untapped. Surface mineral like
Marble, precious/semi precious stones, and coal etc
I is being exploited but in high conservative manner'
The blasting methods have destroyed the valuable
mineral resources. In the Feasibility Study
conducted in 1999 by the plan Coordinator of FATA,
I the SPD Strategy was also recommended for
mineral Development. Recently the writer of that
report was involved in the preparation of PC-1 for
the ofMineral, industries and
I Strengthening
Technical Education devised a strategy whlch is
both in line with the National Mineral Policy and
SPD Strategy.

I 74
 75
I A good indicator for the poverty assessment of the
rural population is agriculture. lf a community has a
dispute free Culturable wasteland and if the
tribesmen are unable to develop it, the community
I would be extremely poor. To develop agriculture, to
eliminate poverty and to create sustainable
emptoyment, such wasteland of the communities

t needs to be targeted. Their common wasteland if

developed in a proper land/water use planning can
play the role of a bond in the survival of their
community organization.

I The traditional community participation through their

jirga system and with financial and technical support of
the Government or other organizations would not be cost

I effective. Most of the poor tribesmen may not contribute

even a small amount for the development of their

common wastelands. The financial or technical support

of Government or other organizations in the

I development of their wasteland would be at the cost

of land fragmentation. The farmers will demand
independent irrigation scheme for their each land-
parcel. Each farmer will claim high cost on
T reclamation. Each farmer will develop their land
according to his own choice and cropping pattern.
The tribesmen can not develop a feasible flood
irrigation system because it requires joint efforts
I even of those farmers who are not benefited'
Furthermore due to the lack of land/water use
planning, and disintegrated approaches, their
development programme will not only be cost
I effective but would cause disputes on the propriety
rights, farm roads and irrigation channels.
Furthermore houses are constructed and the
traditional cropping pattern is initiated. In Upper
I 75
l), 76

Kurram some farmers arc cultivating traditional

paddy because they love to eat that rice. But the
surrounding lands even do not get water for drought

I tolerant crops and are barren. Each farmer has his

own priority and peculiar socio economic problem
and therefore no activity is collectively carried out.
The rich people are not allowed to invest, as the rest
of the tribesmen perceive that they would occupy
T good quality land.

t Inteqrated Approach of SPDP

Since the SPD Project is primarily based on land/
water planning and self financing, therefore each
and every potential income generation activity of
I green sector will be carried. All these green sector
activities will be carried out through a single Project
Management Unit on the basis of integrated
approach.
I
The land leveling, construction of diversion bounds,
ponds and irrigation channels will be simultaneously
carried out. Honey bee keeping will be promoted for
T pollination of almond, pistachio or crops. Ponds or
lakes developed through flood irrigation will be used
for fish production and ducks keeping.

I
COMMUNITY FARM MANAGEMENT UNIT
As per strategy, a cluster of wasteland parcels with

I a total area more than 500 acres is selected for the

establishment of a community farm. ln such
situation the total target land of the project may
have about 20 community farms. But practically, a

I community farm expands with the passage of time.

 77
T The establishment of a Community Farm is done
through the cluster of landholders who usually
belong to one tribe/sub tribe/ khel. lf it is one khel, it
insures good participation and sustainability.
I
Each Community Farm may have a small Farm
Management Unit. Whereas a Project has a number

I of Community farms depending upon the scope of

the project. This PC-1 can not show the size, the
location, the cost and the nature of development
activities. The selection of sites is not a one time
activity because it deals a community of individual
I tribesmen who have a vast plain of waste land. The
project intervention is initiated from a peace of the
vast plain but gradually increased. Therefore it is not

I known that what will be the strength of staff.

However one community farm of large size or a

cluster of community farms be headed by a

I Community Farm (CF) Manager, Each Community

Farm (CF) may have at least two supervisor, 4
chowkidars, one budder. But its strength may
increase or decrease with the passage of time. In

I initial year lmore staff may be required as

community motivation, land/water use studies,
planning etc may be carried out and maximum
orchards are established as per policy. But in the

t final years the the strength of staff may be reduced

once again as only maintenance of orchards may be
required.

I The CF staff are hired on daily wages with bonus.

The farm staff is in combination of the local and non
locals. The experience from pilot phase revealed

I 77
 78

I f- that all local staff is inefficient and trouble some for

both community and SPDP.

The project team will work on the pattern of a

I private firm and will have to run the project like a
family of a progressive tenant. The Community
Farm Team must be acceptable to the Committee of

I the beneficiary groups.

SPDP Net Work

I Sustainable Plains Development Programme

based on integrated approach and is a
is
private
public sector partnership. The programme will lead
to self reliance with the passage of time if land is in

t the custody of project. The income generation

activities will be initiated after maturity of orchards.
Each SPDP project will be treated independently
with respect to its cost, targets and objectives but

I there will be a close coordination.. The machinery,

tools and staff will be jointly used on the direction of
Director of the whole network. The skill of staff will
be shared and the similar experiment will not be

I repeated. However the adoptability of a crop/plant

will be tested in different agro ecological zone and
after successful tests appropriate crops will be
cultivated on mass scale. The plan period of the

I project will be ended after 7 years but the plan

period of different community farms will not be
ended. In such situation, if the management staff of
the farm is optimistic about the income, they will
t form an NGO or a corporate firm and will initiate the
development of additional lands through the income
of the communig farm.

I 78
 79

t
In the traditiona! project, contractors and consultants
are actively involved in planning, designing and
I execution. The system has an advantage that
consultants and contractors invest their own money
in the initial period. But since their approach is
purely commercial therefore they face little probfems
t when funds are delayed. SPDP can not award
contracts and consultancies for many reasons as
mentioned earlier.

t Agriculture is an open sky industry. Rains and other

climatic change require change in planning and
quick decisions are need to be taken. A scheme of

I civil nature can be delayed for many years but

plantationwill require irrigation water and other
a

inputs in time otherwise all efforts would be

destroyed. The issue was brought to the notice of

t Governor who agreed that 10 % of the total cost of

an SPDP project would be deposited in a Revolving
Fund account . The amount would be drawn on
need basis and would be replenished on the

I encashment of bills.

ProiecUProqramme Director

I The whole SPD Network is headed by Programme /

project Director SPDP. The Director is solely
responsible for site selection, formulation of land
development strategy, crop production strategy,
I orchard establishment. appropriate
technologylmachinery selection, marketing and
commercialization of each SPD project.

I 79
 80

I A private sector environment is developed and the

staff is hired on the pattern of corporate agriculture
farming by PD. The director would have the power
of hiring and firing. The PD will be given allowance
I for an additional SPDP project . He will be bound to
successfully complete all SPDP projects. ln case of
failure he will have no excuse of dry spell or dispute
etc as he is solely responsible. In such a situation
I PD will be terminated, black listed and fined by the
higher authorities.

I Office /Residential accommodation

for Field staff
The project will not spend money on the
construction of regional offices or community farm
I offices. The under utilized office accommodation of
any line department will be used for the regional
office. The community will provide a house for the
Community Farm but if feasible place is
I available, nominal government funds will be spent
not

on the construction of a small site office. The

community Farm Staff and the project Staff will be
provided least facilities in the remote area.
I
69. TECHNICAL PARAMETRS lN QUANTTTATTVE

t TERMS AND TECHNOLOGY ASPECTS

69i MAJOR ACTIVITIES

I The project Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

will execute the following major activities

I 80
 8l
I
wasteland NWA, SWA, Mohmand, Bajaur,
Khyber, Orakzai and FR Dl Khan,
I 2. Site identification study for the selection of vast
r plains
3. Community motivation for the target group
4. Community farm establishment on at feast 7 vast
plains
I 5. Community Farm designing
6. lnstallation of appropriate irrigation system on
10000 acres
7. development of appropriate earth moving
r technology
8. Land reclamation of 10000 acres
9. Land leveling on need basis
10. Farm road construction with the following
r specification

' Distance between main roads 700 feet

, Distance between two branch roads 1500

t .
feet
Road type: shingle
. Road Width: 25 feet
o Road plantation : 10*10 walnut or olive

I 11. Preparation of 10,000 acre wasteland for

orchards and crops
l2.Orchard establishment on 10,000 acres
I 13. ldentification of drought tolerant crops
14.Crop cultivation on experimentaf purposes
15. Crop cultivation on commercial basis
16. Marketing

I 1 7. Human Resource Development

18. Supporting communities in community farming

I 8l
I )-

This is a general type of study in which the existing

situation of wastelands, orchards, crops and other

I natural resources concerning the devetopment of

green sector are identified and the information
collected through various sources are analyzed in
the perspective of Sustainable plains Development
In the study the
I Programme. reasons
cultivation of the vast plains are identified, the
of non

nature of disputes on their common plains is

studied, the cropping patterns and the strengths and

I weaknesses of Agriculture Department

lrrigation/FATA DC are studied. The willingness of
and

the tribesmen in the SPDP strategy is assessed and

the development potentials in perspectives of the

I SPDP Strategy are analyzed.

69iii SITE IDENTIFICAT|ON STUDy

SPDP has a criterion for the selection of suitable

t site as under
a. The target land must be culturable waste or it
may be used for poppy.
b. The target land must be a common/disputed

I c.
or it belongs to more than five families
The target land must be more than 500 acres
or it can be easily extended to S00 acres.
d. The target land should be easily accessible.
I e. Priority will be given to vast plains of
thousands acres.
f. Priority will be given to the most backward
regions.

t g. Priority will be given to those wastelands

which can be easily developed.

t 82
t 83

h. The community must agree upon the

development of their land on the following
conditions.

t t. The community willprovide their land

to SPDP free of cost for a period
more than 5 years

t il. The community will not demand for

any share in production from SPDP
ilt. The community must provide full
security to the SPDP staff

I tv. The community must participate

planning, monitoring, execution,
in

procurement and rnarketing

V. The tribesmen will turn all their

I individual physical infrastructure of

the target land to the community
status.
vt. The community rnust utilize their

I existing and new

infrastructure collectively
physical
after
completion of the project.

t 6giii COMMUNITY MOTIVATION

The project strategy can be easily digested and
therefore extensive community motivation is
t required specially in a new area. ln the
motivation campaign resource person are first
identified. The resource persons may be malik,
progressive farmer, educated person etc. The
I resource persons are give a task to motivate the
potential target population. In the motivation
campaign, the involvement of political
administration is avoided.
I
t L
84

Few meetings with the elders of the community

are held. They are invited to an existing
community farm and arrange meetings with
the

I committeeofthefarm.|ftheyagreeuponthe
condition, a committee for the farm is
constituted'

I 6giv COMMUNITY FARM ESTABLISHMENT

o An agreement regarding the terms and
conditionsasmentioninthesiteidentification
topic is signed preferably in the Assistant

t .
Political Agent Office'
SPDP gives an under taking that the
project will

not interfere in their proprietary rights of

their

land.

I .Thedevelopedlandwitha||physical
infrastructure will be handed over
to the
plan period
community free of cost by the end of
of the communitY farm'

I COMMUNITY FARM DESIGNING

6gv
SPDP is the
One of the most important activity of
designingthe community farm' First the
of
I community is involved in the preparation
of layout of

theroadnetworks.Theroadnetworkisdesignedin
the perspective of drip irrigation' Appropriate
orchards and crops a(e identified
in close
I consultation of the community and
accordingly the
resources
land reclamation is designed' The water
system is
are studied and an appropriate irrigation
planned' Priority is given to the harnessing flood
I water and rain water for irrigation'
The land is
crops /
reclaimed in accordance of the appropriate
ate not
orchards and water resources' Bridges
constructedbutearthfi||flooddamsaredesigned.
I
 85
T ,

I Sgvi INSTALLATION OF APPROPRIATE IRRIGATION

SYSTEM
Wastelands of FATA can be divided into two
mutually exclusive categories i.e' disputed
wastelands and wastelands with no source of
I irrigation. ln NWA, a large nurnber of irrigation
tubewells has been installed but due to high
expenditure on fuel, almost alt are abandoned. The

I project is aimed to provide a sustainable source of

irrigation. This is only possible that drought tolerant
orchards and crops are promoted, drip irrigation is
installed, flood water is harnessed through the

I construction of earth fill dams, sprinkle irrigation is

introduced and rain water is preserved in the target
land through deep ploughing, construction of
hedges and establishment of vegetative cover'

I Keeping in view the erratic rains and long dry spells,

the installation of tubewell is mandatory. But it is
aimed to install one tubewell for about 500 acres
land. The energization of existing tubewells is given

I priority but the target land is selected if the owners

of the tube wells are willing to change its status from
individual to the communitY'

I
IAND RECLAMATION
On the basis of learning from the pilot phase' land
I leveling is avoided in general. Land leveling is
recommended in the land specified for nursery' This
is due to the following reasons.

I 85
I 86

a. The top soil which has good nutrition vale is

destroyed and the poor soit is left which
require long efforts for at least 5 years.
The land lords start demands of their land
t b.
leveling which is not economically viable in
their highly rugged lands.
c. Some times a layer of gravels is surfaced

I after cutting of the top layer which is not fit for

cultivation.
d. Land leveling is highly costly activity
e. It requires highly skilled tractor or buildozer

I f.
drivers.
The tribesmen compel the project drivers for
land leveling and collection of soil for
construction purposes.

I 6svii FARM ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Farm Road Construction is a major activity for the
establishment of a community farm. In fact the land

I of some farmers is on road side and they are least

interested in the roads. Furthermore a large size of
their land is spoiled in the road construction. The
also anticipate social problems from their roads and

I are reluctant to provide land for the benefit of other

farmers. But all these issue are resolved at the time
of constitution of their representative committee.
The tribesmen gives free hand to their committee
I and the committee gives free hand to SPDP for the
establishment of proper road network. In case of
common land the establishment of road network is
very easy.
I
SPDP has some criteria for the establishment of
road network as under.

I 86
I a.
87

The distance between two roads should not

be more than 800 feet.
b. The branch roads are constructed on need
basis or where the distance between two
I roads is exceeded from 800 feet.
c. The roads must be straight. But if the
construction of straight roads is difficult, it can

I d.
be curved at certain points
The roads construction must be made in
accordance of the main pipeline of drip
irrigation.

I The width of main roads should be in the

range of 18 to 25 feet. Whereas the width of
branch roads should be from 15 to 20 feet.
f. ln case of crossing streams no bridge will be

I constructed but earth fill flood dams will be

constructed as a bridge , silt accumulation
and irrigation.
g. The farm roads should not be black topped.

I But stone from the surrounding field will be

collected through stone collected and will be
spread over the roads.

I
Ggviii PREPARATION OF LAND FOR ORCHARDS

I AND CROPS

The lay out of orchard is designed in accordance

of the requirement of a particular fruit specie and

I in consultation of the community. lf the

community is interested in intercropping, the
distance between row to row of plants is
increased up to their desired level. But if the are
I 87
 88
T
no sufficient water for the irrigation of crops, the
plant to plant distance the row to row distance is

I kept minimum.

Before digging pits, the deep plough is used and

the hedges are constructed to preserve the rain
water. the wild bushes are removed and the
I stones are cleared. The land leveling is carried
out in the land suitable for nursery or medicinal
crops. The land of streams in the target area is

I also prepared for suitable high value fruit plants.

Appropriate tools are used for digging pits. The

manual methods are avoided as the pits are not

I dig according to proper specification

manual methods.
through

I 6i HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Contracts and consultancies are avoided to
develop necessary skill of project staff. All the
techniques adopted by SPDP are new in
I Pakistan but are being practiced in developed
countries. To upgrade the skills of project staff,
CF staff will be imparted training in agriculture,
micro irrigation, marketing etc. The senior staff

I will conduct foreign tours to see

farms
community
of the developed world, to see olive
orchards, fruit processing, etc. The senior
management need to be acquainted with the
I latest dryland technologies of the developed
world.

I 88
 89
t
6K SUPPORTING COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY
FARMING.

I The community is actively involved all operations

SPDP. They are provided common road
network, common irrigation system one type of
orchard etc. They have already signed an
I agreement regarding the collective utilization of
their physical infrastructure, therefore they may
have community farming as the most attractive

I option by the end of plan period.

SPDP will encourage the communities through

political administrations to initiate community

I farming. The communities will be financially and

technically supported through the establishment
of linkages with the concerned department and
institutions. They will be imparted necessary

I training
marketing
on CF management, collective

Studies and Desiqns

I As per SPD Strategy, the planning of a new

SPD Project or extension of project to other
area will be the sole responsibility of the
Director and project identification survey,
t feasibility survey or project formulation
survey will be carried out by the concerned
SPD Project. The project will however, be
supported by line departments in providing
I technical advices. Similarly at implementation
stage, the Project Management will carry out
all studies and designs.

I 89
I 90

6l Proiect Formulation Studv

The Formulation Study is conducted after reflection
of an SPD Project in the FATA ADP. Since
I Project Director is made responsible for appropriate
the

site selection, therefore the study is conducted by a

team of Government Officers under the leadership
of the Project Director. After appropriate site
I selection, the target community is mobilized and a
representative committee of the beneficiary group is
constituted through local jirga and agreements are

I signed with the community. The formulation team

then focuses on the identification of appropriate land
reclamation, irrigation, crop cultivation, nut
orchard/manageable fresh orchard establishment.

I More over, the identification of under utilized,

machinery, offices and residential accommodation,
and farm staff, farm labours is also carried out in the
Formulation Study.

I In the feasibility study potential sites are selected

but it is not necessary that the community will
provide their land for the project and there the

t project cost is not assessed. For the selection of the

most suitable site, on the basis of feasible terms
and conditions with the community, to identity
appropriate courses of actions and to develop
I appropriate development strategies for production,
promotion and marketing etc a formulation study is
required.

t 6m Obiective of the Proiect Formulation Studv

The objectives of the Formulation Study were
1. The identification of three SPD project
sites
I 90
I 9r
2. The identification of appropriate
courses of action for each site.

The assessment of
I 3.

machinery
underutilized
of line department to be
used for the project.
4. The assessment of interest of the

t beneficiary group in the plantation of

fruit tree species, fish farming, poultry
farming and honey bee keeping were
also aimed.

I 5. ldentification of local staff with good

reputation who are acceptable to the
landlords of the site.
6. ldentification of project Office of the

I 7.
project
ldentification of potential for windmills,
watermills and solar energy units for
irrigation and power generation.

I 6n CommunitvMobilization
FATA has a strong jirga system which, is being
used for the resolution of socio-economic problems

I for centuries. But presently, the jirga involvement in

development activities is not remarkable. Their
approach toward development is conservative and
therefore, the desired results are not achieved.

I The community mobilization strategy of the

Programme is primarily based on the tribal socio-
economic system. The strategy has the following
I three steps:-
. Grand Jirga Meeting
o Formulation of a Committee
o Establishment of Community Organization
I 9l
I 92

The first two steps i.e. Jirga Meeting and formation

of the representative committee are carried out in

I the Formulation Study. Whereas the community

organizations are established in the third year of
project income.

t In the Jirga Meeting, the Project Director contacts all

elders of the target group and a jirga meeting with
the support of political administration is arranged in
a common place. The project concept is explained

I and the terms and conditions between the project

management and the target group are settled. All
the potential beneficiary groups select their
representatives and a committee is selected.

I
6p Committee of the Beneficiarv Group
The project will not deal with the individual

I tribesman but all issues will be resolved through the

committee. The project will not touch the propriety
rights of the tribesmen. The Political Agent will be
the chairman and the Project Director and Farm

I Manager will be the members of the Committee. All

the project incentives will be disseminated through
the Committee. The committee will ensure smooth
running of the project. The committee will take care

T of the security of the project and will provide farm

labours on reasonable rates. In case on non
of labours in the local population the
availability
committee will facilitate the availability of farm
I labour from other areas.

As per strategy, there may be one or more than one

project sites each have one or more than one
I 92
 93
T I community farms, But each project site may follow
the selection criteria. Each Project site may have a
small farm management unit with one Farm
Manager, one surveyor, one field assistant. The
T number tractor drivers and chowkidarlguards are
dependent upon the size of the land.

I Project Management

The project team will work on the pattern of a

t private firm and will have to run the project like a

family of a progressive tenant. The team, must be
acceptable to the Committee of the beneficiary
groups and efforts wiff be made to the fiefd team into

l a private firm by the end of project to carry out the

project activities and to acquire the land on fresh
terms and conditions.

I Each employee of the project should be energetic

and dedicated. He should be willing to learn and
participate in each and every activity of the project.

I ln a traditional project, the project team can survive

for the whole plan period because of avaifability of
funds. Whereas in the SPD Project its survival is
completely dependent upon the project progress. In
I case of failure, the plan period of the SpD project
will be reduced and the Project Director will be
made responsible. The project director will identify
the reason of the failure and will resign from
I government service in any case. His excuse
regarding poor site selection, ordinary drought spelt,
ordinary disputes, incompetent staff etc will not be
accepted.
I 93
 94
T
Due to the extensive responsibility, innovative
nature of the project, job in backward regions of
FATA and disputed nature of the target land, Project
I Director will get a little attractive salary package like
as the counterpart projects e'g' South FATA
Development Project or Barani Project Phase 2 elc'

I he will get salary package frorn government funds

for the whole plain period of the project, as he will
take care of the government assets and interest' He
will get no bonus in the project income.

I Hiring of local staff will not be be given priority for

the following reasons
a. Frequent disputes with their neighbors

I b.
working in the farm
Favoritism for some group of tribesmen
c. Disinformation provided to higher authorities
d. No consensus over a local staff member of

I communitY
e. Uses government assets for his personal
interest
f. Less submissive

I g. Can not be terminated easilY

h. Shows least interest in the developmenl
activities of their rival grouP

I 6r STAFF OWNERSHIP
A private culture will be promoted in the project with
the objective that the project staff specially the CF
t staff will either manage their existing Community
Farm (CF) or will manage another farm as a private
firm. The SPD Programme will support such firms
through the formulation of appropriate Bye-laws'
t 94
fy 9s

ExceptAccountantofficernostaffmemberwi|lbe
hiredondeputation.Asenseofownershipwi|lbe
created amongst staff through the following steps'
a. The staff salaries are increased and
T decreased on the basis of their performance
with out anY lengthY Procedure.
b. The staff are given bonus in production

I c. Candidates of supervisory level from poor

families with intermediate level qualification
are selected on low salaries i'e. Rs. 5000 to
6000 per month.

I d. They are given tough area with minimum

facilities in the initial one year and on their

good performance their salary is increased'
e' Those candidates who have sufficient

l experience
selected.
in farming operations are

6s MEASURE FOR QUICK DECISIONS

I Agricu|tureisanopenskyindustryandtherefore,is
high|yriskaverseproductionespecia||ythesemi
irrigatedagricu|ture.Theprojectmanagement
needstobevigi|ant24hoursandquickaction
t regardingcultivationorprotectionofacropwi||be
required. The lengthy procedures/formalities will be
avoidedtotaketimelyandresu|toriented
decisions.
I The SPD Project activities will be result oriented
and cost effective. To avoid disputes on awarding
contracts, to encourage local employment and to
I save project money and time, contracts and
consultancies are avoided- The Director will be
responsible for collecting technical information from
the experts of the province and will make timely
I 95
I 96

and appropriate decisions. The project avoids

sophisticated and technical schemes. Civil works

schemes e.g.. farm roads, earth fill dams, land

I reclamation or other construction works

executed on the pattern of Corporate Agriculture
will be

Farming/Private Sector.

I The plan period of the project is 5 years but SPDP

will establish orchards on all target land in the first
three years to hand over mature orchards to
farmers. This is not possible in the traditional
system to execute a complete package of
T
multisectoral activities for the development of
10000 acres wasteland in three years. Awarding
contracts for civil works in not only time consuming

I but also it irritates local population. Similarly the

consultancy exercise is not only costly and time
consuming but the consultant approach is purely
commercial and do not care about the cost
t effectiveness. The project has therefore adopted
the strategy of Corporate agriculture farming'

Awarding contracts is the most time consuming

T process in FATA. Each tribesrnan considers himself

fit for the contract and the management of
Government Department or any project finds
difficulties in awarding contracts to suitable

I contractor. This creates administrative problems

and in turn the project activities are adversely
affected. To save time and money and to avoid
disputes, no contracts will be awarded the routine
I civil works. Some contracts in special schemes will
be awarded on cogent reasons. However, contracts
in green sectors will be encourages. These

I 96
 Q1.

T contracts will be awarded on proper sampling

techniques.

I No consuftant will be therefore hired even for

technical tasks/designs/studies. The technical
schemes will be designed by a team of experts
of
line departments who will be given basic facilities

I and will be given bonus in production on the

basis
of their contribution. This strategy of the SpD
project is to develop local human resources,
to give
I incentives to the experts in their resuft-oriented

I t
..'.

r.
tasks and to discourage non-productive activities.

I The project deals with mass agriculture production

and therefore will require a large number of farm
labour, on daily wages. For the effective
management of a Farm Labours, the project will
I assign different tasks of green sector on contract
basis to avoid extensive supervision and to involve
local .population in the project activities. Base
on
) the experience in SpDp Upper Kurram, the labour
I ? intensive agriculture operations can not be
effectively supervised if it is done on purely daily
wages basis. Moreover, in awarding contract to
the
land lords of the project rand works with dedication.
t a

To generate more employment and to carry out

t
agriculture operation in a cost efiective manner,
the
whole target land wiil be distributed in small units
t say 500.500 square feet. This unit wiil be used for
the assessment of cost on land reclamation, land
I. preparation, agriculture operations and production.
f'

I
:

97
:
 98
T v The estimates will be identified through proper
sampling techniques e.g. the labour cost of an
operation on a unit land will be assessed under

I extensive supervision. Accordingly, contracts to

different labour groups wiil be awarded and total
cost on the operation will estimated. The labour
groups will be given bonus on their good
performance. To avoid irritation amongst
different
T group, an agreement will be signed with all groups
regarding the distribution of bonus. A guideline for
labour agreement is:

T 6w PLgN OF OPERATION AND

,
COIiPETENT FORUMS

t SPDP is not in position to select an area before

projeci execution. tt is not known that what
community wiil provide rand. what wiil be the soir
texture, what will be the irrigation system and what

I will be size of rand. In some area the project wiil be

hopeful to acquire land in thousands acres but it wirl
be in hundreds. But in some area the community wirl
show unexpected response and will provide a large

T size of land. In some situation the project offer land

for sPDP intervention but due to chronic disputes or
extremely poor soil or the area is not serected but in
some situation due to road problem or resolving
I disputes, the area is sufficienfly extended. In any
case the project is not in position to prepare a plan
t
of operation. The project will follow the broad
guidelines of
SPDP and will identify new
I wastelands, prepare designs and initiate
development activities without any deray. otherwise
the minds of tribesmen changes after some time
and frequently regrets.
T
98
I 99

The project will therefore have no steering

committee no review board and no purchasing

t committee. These forums are mandatory for

traditional projects as they have particular activities
which are being executed through contractors. The
expertsof the traditional projects or government

t departments arc not involved in execution and

operation and therefore their skills in its execution
and operation are not developed. Furthermore, they
ta
are more concerned with paper works and are tess

I result oriented. Their interest in result is negligible

because the result require a complete set of multi
sectoral activities. In case of missing of a single
activity of the package, the result is not

t
a

appropriately achieved.

But since SPDP isaimed at to turn centuries old

barren lands in to high value and sustainable
I orchards and high value crops. The target of the
project is the establishment of orchards of high
value fruit plants and handing over mature orchards
to the beneficiary group free of cost. The techniques

I technologies
traditional
and farming practices are non
and it is aimed to develop the land in
cost effective manner. The community is
participated in planning and decision are taken on
I cons6nsus. In this situation the lengthy procedure of
government is avoided to bring the project strategy
in conformity of the community. The need of
steering committee or review board is not felt as the
I director is fully
responsible and the activities of
SPDP are non traditional.

T
99
 :

:. I90
T 6x Harnpssing Flood Water
and
Rain Water for lrrigation

T The reliance on power based schemes of

irrigation for traditional crops is not feasible. lt is
feasible for only drought tolerant orchards
irrigated through drip irrigation. The cost
T
effectiveness of SPDP is increased if flood
water and rain water is harnessed for irrigation.
Since this is one of the objectives of SpDp,

t therefore, on the basis of land/water use

planning, different techniques are applied for
harnessing flood water and rain water. But on
other'hand, rain/flood water can not be relied
due to the erratic rains. Flood dam is filled only
T il
I. when'there are sufficient floods in July and
Ruguit. But irrigation water is direly needed in
the period from February to June, lf there is no

t water in the reservoir, the farmers would not

cultivatd new crops, but the existing crops and
existing orchards would be damaged.

I 6x Community Dams

''
. Costly flood dams are constructed for the irrigation of
I t,
few hundreds acres. The catchment area of rains for
the dams are in thousands acres. lf the catchment
tl
area is comprised of vast plains of waste lands, it can
all be developed with substantially tess cost. The rain
T water of the catchment area can be preserved with in
the area through the appropriate technology of SpDp.
I
The surplus water can be stored in the community
- dams.
I t

r00
 .j l0l
T
The community dams are constructed through the
integrated approach. The farm road construction, land

I leveling and land preparation for nurseries are carried

out simultaneously. A place for the debris is required
in land leveling, a bridge for farm road is required on a
.
stream, silt is required for raising nursery. Since
I contractor is not involved, all these activities are
simultaneously and joinily carried out through the
community and SPDP staff and since no pC-1 is
processed for the sub activity therefore with out any

I lapse of time, a community dam is constructed from

the debris. The embankment is not compacted but on
the basis of vegetative engineering, fruit trees with
strong roots are densely planted. After the first flood

I .
some miner repairs are made but after then the dam
becomes sufficiently strong.
a
l
12. Arrangements for Monitoring And evaluation of the

I Project

I I

I
RISK ANYLYSIS
I 6a Risk in Non traditional Activities
a_.
: The line department has sufficient experience in
their activities but since the project activities are

t nontraditional activities therefore the project can

not utilize their skill. The project is at infant stage
and in this regard sufficient skill in the non-
traditional activities have not been developed so

I far. E.g. pistachio, olive almond or even walnut

l0l
 t02
T
have'not been planted on a vast plain. There is a
risk thata specie may not produce the desired
result. A flood irrigation may not work in long

I drought spell or community is irritated due to some

unforeseen even etc.

6b Risk in Handinq over Communal Land to the Proiect

T
The SPD Strategy was designed in 1999 but was
strongly criticized up to December 2002 for the
reason that the tribesmen would not give free hand

I to the project and will be reluctant to hand over

their land. lnitially the project management faced
great problem in getting culturable waste land. But
after two months hectic efforts of the project a

I community was motivated who provided their

stony and rugged wasteland to the project. The
area is newly opened and the Government writ is
not Tully strengthened. They rnay not provide their

I land to the project and will not give free hand for
the development activities on the basis of
land/water use planning although they had shown
willingness during the feasibility study. Some
I disputes amongst tribesmen may arise and due to
which the project activities may be adversely
t' affected.

t 6c Risk in non completion of the plain period

The project strategy is different than the traditional
,.
' projects and is highly innovative in all respects.
The SPD management owns the activities in the
I . plan period of the project and like a private firm or
progressive tenant; it expands the target land and
,. income generating activities.

I roz
t 103

The SPDP Strategy was formulated on the

assurhption that if a poor tenant can save money
in spite of his expenditure on food, health, clothes,

I social obligations, education and fragmented tand

with poor access etc. why an SPD project with all
resources, like necessary skill, well planned farm
with no expenditure on lease will not be able to

I benefit from its land. Any how this

assumption and may be disproved.
is an

6 Irocal Disputes.

I ,
Almost all the communal vast plains of cultivable
wastelands are disputed. lt rnay be noted that the

: SPD. Strategy has been devised for

common/disputed land. But to create awareness

I a
,u ?nd to prove the SPDP credentials, the first SpD
Project land needs to be dispute free. ln the pilot
phasp three types of land parcels i.e. distributed,
common and disputed parcels were peacefully

I integrated and the project is smoothly running for

i
the laSt two years.

6d Risk in Financial Sustainabilitv of the proiect

t The subsistence farming and the high operational

cost gn agriculture of the tribesmen indicate that

. the pr.oje.ct will not be profitable and will not be able

a

to generate income to stand the project on self

t I
,
tr
r-
financial basis. In the Feasibility Study it was
pointed out that the subsistence farming of the
,' tribeSmen is due to their expenditure on sociat
.. obligations, conservative practices, poor access to
t agriculture inputs, poor access to market and
excessive land fragmentation etc, gut the project
. will haye no such problems and will have a
contr6lled environment for optimum crop
I i
l '.. \03
I t0!
produ'ction. According to the agriculture experts, the
agriculture products can be increased two or
threefold due to improved farming practices,

I techniques and technologies. The land and water

resources will be properly exploited to maximize the
cost effectiveness and therefore, it is believed that
the project will get financial sustainability in the first

I three years of the project if land is provided to the

project for crop cultivation. But agriculture is
considered open sky industry. The labours or staff
performance is evaluated after seasons. The tasks

I are thinly spread over

supervision becomes
a vast area and
a problem. Moreover, the
the

?
I project will have to engage local population as
labows and if they deteriorate their efficiency, the

I project faces difficult in acquiring labours from other

areas. But it is hoped that this type of crises would
be rarely occurred and would be handsomefy
solved.

I )
;
6e Risk in the Collective Farminq
On of the objective of the project is to create
conducive environment for community farming. The
I .t.
.t
collective farming/ community farming is the best
option,for the tribesmen to get optimum income. Any
how the project will sign agreement to use the
tubeviell water judiciously and collectively. Simitarly
I other physical collective farming/ marketing. They
would not go for the destruction and will opt for the
most beneficial course of action. The project will
however motivate them to initiate community
t farming and the political administration would
I maintain peace in the area.
t

t
t ?
t04
a
I 6f
' 105

Ris.k in the avallability of ground water resources.

The most important issue is the availability of ground water
resources. The rain fall is not bad but highly enatic. The

t l'
project will focus on ground water resources. The area has
no tubewells and no survey for the exploitation of ground
\4'ater resources has been carried out therefore nothing can

be said about the availability of water. The project will carr1,

. out proper survey and will initiate test well programme.

T
;
6z Monitorinq Svptdm

I . SPDP his three types monitoring as given below:

1. Monitoring through communities
2. Monitoring through PD and PM
3. Monitoring Cell
I Monitoring through communities
I As per strategy and agreement with the communities ,

the bendficiary group is bound to give feed back to the

I higher authorities of SPDP. This is the most usefull

. monitoring system as in the past, the tribesmen
' informed PD about any bottle neck of the project.
Since communities are actively involved in planning
I ,
and execution, therefore they took great interest in the
project activities and what ever they feel they express
their feed back. Due to this rnonitoring system, all
SPDP [projects are smoothly executed and al social
I and technical issues are solved in time.
!
Mechanism
1. Frequent meetings are held with the
t communities regarding their problems and its
solution
2. Tribesmen are encouraged to criticize on any
acJivity of the project
I 105
I I

)' 3.
106

Tribesmen are encouraged to comptain on any

staff member
4. Communities are encouraged to directty inform

I the higher authorities regarding an issue

through their representatives.
5. Social issues are resolved through their
representatives and elders in their traditional

I 6.
girga
Political administration are least involved in
their disputes and is tried to solve it internally.
7. Quick action are taken on their valid proposals

I . Monitoring through PD and PM

PD and. PM keep themselves aware from each activity
of a CF. For the purpose they visit frequenfly and try to

t identify issues. The CF managers are warned for not

providing proper information regarding their fields.
They hold meeting with staff and community elders.
; . They also hold meeting with tractor drivers and
I chwkidars regarding and ask for their proposals.

Monitoring Cell
SPDP will establish a monitoring Cell which will have
I three monitoring officers. These rnonitoring officers will
report to PD on routine basis. The function of the cell
are:
Preparation of Work Plan
I Submiscion of Progress reports w.r.t. work plan
Submisslon of Progress reports w.r.t. PC-1 objectives
lssue identification
Proposal submission
I Report on Mortality rate of plants.
Reports-on Diseases
Reports on lrrigation
Staff evilu.ation
t t06
I ,
r07
Collection of information from tribesmen/local labours
regarding issues identification.

t 5aa Evaluation Svstem

' By the'end of each year there will be an internal
evaluation. The report of evaluation will be submitted

I to the higher authorities of p& D Department. Two

evaluation will be extensive conducted i.e the mid
period.evaluation and the final year evaluation. These
two evaluations should be preferably external.
I . ., Besides the general type evaluation an lmpact
Evaluations will also be conducted by the end of plan
: period.

I
:
6ab IMPACT EVALUATION
The TORs of the impact evaluation is given befow.
.1,

TOR's of lmpact Evaluation

I 1. To what extent the income of the target group was

raised.
To what extent the project succeeded in turning
food deficiency in to sufficiency.

T 3. To what extent the project succeeded in the

provision of sustainabte employment.

i,4.
I
To what extent the project succeeded in the
community farming.

I 5. To what extent the project succeeded in

promotion of improved inputs.
the

6. To what extent the project promoted no traditional

high valued crops/fruit and vegetable.
I 7. To what extent the project promoted appropriate
technology, techniques and practices.
r.r 8' Torivhat extent the environment was upgraded.
.l

T
107

:
 r98
I

ben'efits was ensure.

I
Components of the Project
There are two main components of the project
'
t "Extensibn and Strenqtheninq of SPDP FATA" . Each
main component has two components. The detail; is
below.

I 1. Fxtension of SPDP
i. Site identification for community farm
ii. Community motivation
ii!. Establishment of community
t . infrastructure
iv; Establishment of Dry Land Orchards
v. Maintenance of orchards
' vi. Establishment of appropriate
t . marketing channels
vii. Training to communities on
i1 .. .
community farming, marketing, micro
irrigation and improved techniques
I viii. Handing over 100% successful
orchards to the communities free of
cost
I ix.
I :
Establishment of 8 Research plots of
horticulture.

' See for detail, target and cost

I estimates
Annexure-Part-A
Extension of SPDP

I l0E
I :
109

2. Strenstheninq of SPDP
i. Establishment of SPDP Office at
Peshawar
I . ii. Development of
technologies
dryland

iii. Purchase of vehicle

iv. Hiring staff
I v. Staff training in horticulture
vi. Foreign tours

" See for targets and cost estimate

I . Annexure-Part-B
Strengthening':ofSPDP

I
?

't.

t al

I
 lil
T

T , Gepntail Gost Estnmnatcs

I 7 DATE OF ESTIMATION OF PROJECT COST ESTIMATES

The cost estimates were prepared in September 2007

t BASIS OF DETERMINING THE

CAPITAL COST
The total cost of the project is Rs. 111.070 million

I whereas the total target area is 10,000 acres

additional wasteland of FATA. The cost of the project
including purchases and non development
expenditure is Rs. 5741 per acre which is abysmally

I lower than the scheduled rates. According to the

current scheduled rates, the total cost on the
establishment of a model farm on waste/dry land and
its maintenance will be more than 4 lacks per acre..
I The reduced cost estimated is due to the integrated
approach, land/water use planning, community
' participation and practices in congruence of the
Corporate Agricu ltu re Farm ing/comm ity fa rm in g.
I
un

'.
t
I
YEARWISE COMPONENT WISE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
T ' (See annexu re,2A+ 3A)

7c YEARWISE COMPONENTWISE FINANCIAL PHASING

(See annexure 2,3)

I lll
 I

I D a". ANNUAL opERATtNc cosT,:

1t?

SPDP deafs with mass scale agricufture production.

Since the target tand is dry and waste therefore all
types : of land development activities e.g.
I development and production of appropriate
technology, land reclamation, land preparation,
irrigation schemes, drip irrigation, orchard

I establishment, crops identification crop cultivation,

crops and orchard maintenance, harvesting and
marketing etc are executed sirnultaneously through
project and beneficiary groups.

T ,
All SPDP activities are carried out through an
integrated approach @ Rs.5741 per acre. The
projecf is not in position to specifically mention the

I maintenance cost as the maintenance cost varies

from.area to area and from year to year. A large
size of expenditure is incurred on irrigation in which
the expenditure on POL of tubewells is on top if drip

I irrigation is installed on time. But if irrigation is

carried out through tanker, the irrigation becomes
costly. Incase of irrigation through gravity based
schemes the maintenance cost becomes negligible

I if dripis installed. The operation cost after project

period is born by the communities.

t tt2
t ll3
TABLE4
Category | Rate Cost for 5 Years
Per acre (Rs.)

I Tractor rent
Labour rate
Rs.400/hour
Rs.150 per day
1791
1000
Skill Labour rate Rs.150-1000lday 500
Farm Staff Rs.200-300 500

I Plants (average)
a per day
Rs.20/ plant 1000
Other Agr. Inputs 1000 acres 950
. per acre per year

I Total 5741

9 DEMAND AND SUPPLY ANALYSIS

.

I 9i Description ofproduct/ser*ices.

9ia Dryland orchards

' o Walnuts
. . Pistachio
o
t ,
.
o
Pomegranates
Olive
Almond
APricot
.' Other on experimental basis

I 9ib Dryland crops

.
o
Seabuckthom
Ephedra
o Artemisia
. Asparagus
Thymus
I o Melons etc.

I Floriculture
a
a
Roies
a'
Gladiolus

sS,nvrcns
1O
, Community organization

I ,a Community farming

l13

..aa
I F
t

o
n4
Co{rorate agriculture farming
o Dryland technology
o Dryland agriculture
-

t 9ii Demand/Supply along with unit price for the last five years

SPDP deals with completely barren and wastelands of

FATA and therefore in the project period. al material used

t for land reclamation, community services, material of

inigatiorr system, agriculture inputs like seed, fertilizer,
POL, machinery, fruit plants, etc are the demands of the
project. The supply are the agriculture products as

I
,
a
mentioned in 9i.
t
I

9iii ImportslExports for the last five years along with unit price (if applicable)
I 9iiia Import

SPDP promotes simple. Iow cost, user friendly technology.

practices and techniques to be easily adopted. easily

t manufacture and maintained.

9iv Projected demand/supply for l0 years.

SPDP does not deal with a small land parcel. The rarget

I area is 10,000 wasteland. The project will reclaim the

whole land, construct road network, establish
appropriate irrigation system, prepare land for orchards

t and crops, establish orchards/ nurseries, cultivate crops

and medicinal crops. The project can not assess about

the demand an supply as the project can

9v Proposed year-wise production and unit price bf the product.

t i ftr proposed production of the project are as under

o Production from orchards

o Production from crops

o
I l14
Production from Medicinal Plants
I il5
o Production from Dryland Technological
Unit
o Production from nurseries

I o Production from floriculture or other

inconre generating activities of green sector
Unit Price
All the aforementioned products are non traditional and the

I project will market it for the first time. On the basis of

conservative assessment, the income from the newly
established orchards will be Rs. 10,000 per acre per year.

Since drought tolerant medicinal crops or other suitable

I crops may be cultivated as inter cropping, therefore,

Rs.10000 per acre will be the income from crop
production. The total income from the target land would be

Rs. 200 million per year. As far as the unit price is

I concemed, the estimates would be very rough

not be based on sound basis.
and would

9r,i Existing and proposed arrangements for marketing.

I All the products are non traditional and therefore no

traditional marketing channel exists. The project will

establish appropriate marketing channels for differenr
products. For the purpose the project will take the

I following steps.
r Production on mass scale
o Selection of the best species
. .Emphasis on quality control
I . Emphasis on export oriented production
o Initial processing
. Appropriate packing
o 'showroom at suitable place
I o 'Section of proper outlets/market centers
.
. Appropriatepromotion
. Seminar and workshop etc.

I I 15
 '; 116
.
Sources of financing ' ,orooo"

r I I Benefits of the project and analysis

l!
The main objective of the project is to sustainabry
!, deverop 2,000 acres u,asterand of the target agencies/FR
on the basis of community farming/ Corporate
Agriculture Farming , integrated approach and land water
t
use planning. The expected benefit of the project are
as
under.

BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

i. Land is developed from 0level to optimum
r
' level
ii. Drought tolerant fruit plants are promoted
iii. Due to mass scale production and quality
ontrol, export of the agr. Products are
!
promoted

.; i] ffi:",:"*,*-:il:?ermanentbasis
I vi. High value non traditional orchards/crops are
identified
. vii. Land fragmentation is controlled
, viii. Community farming is promoted

I ix' Conducive environment for Corporate

, Agriculture Farming is developed
i x. physicar infrastructure is colrectivery utilized
xi. Agro based industry is promoted
I i xii. Appropriate marketing channel is established
xiii. Environment is highly upgraded
xiv. Soil erosion is controlled
xv. Low cost technology is promoted,
! xvi. Writ of government is strengthened
xvii. Substitute crops of poppy is provided
xviii. Elicit trades are eliminated
xix. Improved farming practices are promoted
I

I
I F
u7

I
EXPECTED RESULTS

I Since the project activities are based on land/water

use planning and integrated approach therefore the
following results are expected.

I No regular orchard of drought tolerant specie or off

season non traditional products like floriculture has
been promoted so far. The project will be a model
for these sort of products and would be promoted

I with out government efforts in the private sector.

Disputes roads, distribution of land etc will be

eliminated and a collective culture in all sector will

I be developed.

Potential oil seed/ medicinal crop wifl be promoted

on mass scale.

I lmproved agriculture inputs, seed of non traditional

crops, plants of non traditionaf orchards will be
provided at the door steps of farmers
I .
a
lmproVed technology, techniques and practices will
be promoted.
l

I Flood Wdter Protection

Since the project focuses on harnessing flood water
for irrigation therefore ponds and lacks will be
developed due to which the ground
I l17.
 ll8
I Y Economic life of the project

. The sociaf acceptability, profitability and

. sustainability are the main foundations of the SpD

t Project. Once a land is properfy developed,

remains developed for centuries. Hence the project
it

will have a long life, and with the passage of time,

its profitability from nut orchards wiil be increased.

I ft is further noted that the project serect those

species which forms sustained forests e.g. Olive,
pistachio, walnut has long lives. pomegranate has
weediness characteristics and after one generation

t another generation stars.

As far as the sustainability of the community farm is

concerned, The villagers would have Collective
I marketing and collective irrigation as the best and
the lonely option. The other option will be to destroy
all the physical infrastructure including orchards
and start fighting among themselves.
I
Witn tie passage of time, ground water tevelwill be
raised. The water absorption capacity and the
productivity of their land will be raised due to the
I increabe of the organic matters in soil. The area will
become production center of different agriculture
products, market distribution channels will be
established and lives of the tribesmen will be
I activated which is at present dead. In this regard
the project is highly sustainable.

11a Financial:
I
The following activities may provide income :

. 'lncome from orchards

.
t ' Income from nurseries
:
lt8
,
 :
il9
T !

. Income medicinal plants

o lhcome from experimental crops
Income from orchards

I The 5 years plan period of the project can be

divided in to two phases with respect to orchard
'
a
production of the projects. f n the initial 4 years of the
project, the project expects zero income from

I orchards. The harvesting of fruits before the

maturity of fruit plants is a cosfly exercise due to
small ilroduction.

I '
Usually the fruits are not colleted in the initial 4
years of fruit trees. The production of fruit trees in
. the fifth year will again be small but it is expected
that its production will be Rs.5,000 per acre. The
I project will distribute the production in the elders of
the agency for promotion purposes.

Income from Nurseries.

I j
The project will establish nurseries of fruit plants,
medicinal plants and high value non traditional
vegetable. 100 % production will be the income of
project but it will be planted in the project land for

I :' further multiplication.

Income from experimental croos

The project establishes experimental plots for the
I identification of appropriate crops. The income of
the experimental plots will be utilized in the
maintenance of orchards.

I lncome from medicinal plants

. The activities of medicinal crops will be initiated
from scratch and therefore nothing can be said

I I
.\

I
about its income. However in some crops like

lt9
t
I 120

seabukthorn, artimisia asparagus etc its income i.e.

15000 per acre per yaer will supplement the income
from orchards. But the exact area is not known that

I to what extent the project will succeed in

cultivation.
its

Income from Dryland Technological Unit (DTU)

'
I ,
DTU is a research and development oriented unit in
the production of appropriate technology, medicinal
products and value addition of dry fruits. Most of
. these products will be manufactured for the target

I '
land and SPDP field production to encourage
tribesmen. But if there is some remarkable income
from the Unit, a separate account will be opened.
The modalities of the account will be chalked out

t and will be approved through the higher authorities.

.l

I ASSUMPTIONS
The following are the assumption in the income of
project

I
. b. Political stability
c. Support of political administration
d. Smooth funding
I e. Free hand to the Director of SPDP in the proper
I execution of SPDp Strategy
Economic:
Benefit to the economy along with assumptions
I r'
Low cost on execution
The project cost on all SPDP activities is abysmally
' low as compared to the traditional activities.
According to conservative estimates, the cost on
I t20
I t2l
establishment of a Farm like SPDP will be in tacks
per acre. But the cost of SPDP is Rs. 5851. per
acre including the purchases of machinery and

I establishment charges. The saving of money witl

cause negligible burden on the economy.

lmpact of the proiect on local economv

I The land lords of wasteland are usually poor and

can not afford the expenses on the development of
their land. They have no incorne from their waste
land but always fight on their proprietary rights,

I roads and natural resources etc. Due to the SPDP

intervention not only not only their disputes are
resolved on permanent basis but also their income
is generated from zero level to optimum level.

I lmpact on the countrv economy

The production from a wasteland will directly
contribute to the GDP of Pakistan. At present almost

I all dry fruits are imported. The Project has

potential to stop the import of the project products
the

and if further promoted the country will be in position

to export dry fruits, medicinal plants and other fruits.

t Learninq from the oilot phase

The pilot phase of the programme was initiated in
z}Ozthiough the establishment of a Community Farm
.
I 'l
Lalmay'Kurram Agency on 500 acres wasteland.
According to the strategy, 300 acres land of 45
'. families and 200 acres common/disputed wasteland
was pooled and developed on the basis of land/ water

I . programme in the pilot phase the programme was

. extended to 29,000 acres of the three agencies i.e.
' Kurram Agency, Mohmand Agency and Khyber

I t2r
t t22
Agency with a total cost of Rs.182.000 million. A total
of 15,000 acres wasteland has been reclaimed and
high value and drought tolerant orchards have been

I established on the whole land. In these agencies the

social acceptability of the programme has been
sufficiently increased and thousands acres additional
wastelands have been offered to SPDP for its

I intervention.

I
I

Expected Results
Since SPDP deals with the development of wastelands,
therefore, the income from the lands is raised from zero

I level to optimum level. Due to the emphasis on long life

of fruit trees plantation, the income from their land and
creation of employment are sustainable. SPDP plays
. an important role in the social sectors and provides
I drinking water to the target comrnunity through water
tapes of drip irrigation. Flood dams and preservation of
' rain water in the target land for vegetation control soil
erosion in a sustainable manner. The collective
I utilization of physical infrastructure inculcates collective
. development practices in the minds of tribesmen. The
establishment of wett ptanned community farms
precludes their disputes on roads, water, lands etc.
I '
SPDP has the potential to upgrade environment to an
optimum level because it establishes orchards in
steams, hills, rugged areas and dry zone where there
no vegetative cover.
I
Poppv Eradication throuoh SPSp
Baizai Mohmand Agency and Bazzar Zakaha Khet
Agency are the two poppy cultivated areas. The two
I t22
I 123

agencies are newly opened ant the Government writ is

' not enough strong. The development intervention in
the areas is negligible. SPDP activities were initiated in

I ,
2005 and regular orchards were established in almost
3000 acres. The tribesmen have stopped poppy
cultivation as they have been attracted by the orchards
of almond, pomegranate and olive etc.

T Cost Benefit Ratio'

!
,.':
The project is bound to provide 100% successful
and mature orchards established on their
I wastelands to the tribesmen. After the completion
of the project the orchards would be mature and
its income form orchard would raise to Rs.50,000
per acre @ Rs.500 per fruit tree and @ 100 fruit
trees per acre. lf the income from medicinal crops
T
or other crops are ignored, the total income from
the project land which is 7000 acre would be Rs.
3500 million per year. The total cost on the project

I including reseach activities in dryland technology

and dryland agriculture purchase of machinery is
Rs. 97.85 million. Thus the CBR becomes 3s;7.

I Total cost of the project

lncome per annum
Rs.111.070 million
' Rs.3500 million
CBR ' 35.77

I Environment

. The project deals with the development of green

' sectors in a sustainable way. The establishment of

I '
regular orchards of long life and high valued fruit
.' trees species are not at the cost of agriculture
. crops or forest trees but will be established on
completely barren land. Due to high social
I I

'123
I b"
t24
acceptability of these fruit trees, it will be promoted
in other area. As mentioned in the above paras, the
project will also help in controlling of flood damages

I and soil erosion. Therefore, the project will upgrade

environment in all respects.

The Project will contribute more than a purely forest

I project for the following reason.

SPDP establishes regular orchards on the whole

project land.

I b. Tribesmen love fruit trees and they protect it by

themselves.

c. SPDP give emphasis to fruit trees with long life e.g

walnut, pistachio, pomegranate, almond and olive etc

I d.

e.
The tribesmen will not deplete their fruit trees
SPDP establishes orchards every where e.g. streams.

mounds and ravine.

The community flood dams not only preclude the

I drainage of flood water to down stream but also to

preserve silts for vegetation.

The rain water is preserved in the rain catchment area

through vegetation and ploughing. This approach

I avoids the high cost on the construction of flood dams

and costly imigation system.

I I Fin ancial/E con omic Analvsis(with' assum ptionS)

I I
Ouantifiable output of ttre project
It is not known that what fruit species will be suitable for the
i'area and what will its production
t as the drought tolerant
I orchards were never established on wastelands in the Agency.
' ' Any how.a very conservative estimates are given in the
' following '
.
'i
r
rz4
 r25
I
Farm Production/ Inconie

Specie Per plant/ Per acre/ Per acre/ Total perl

I year Production year year Income Year

Production lncome

Almond,Pistachio, l0 kg 1000 kg Rs..0.500 Rs.3500

Pomegrenate, walnut @ 100 Million @ rnillion

I etc. plants

acre
per Rs.50 per kg

Seabukthom, ephedra, Rs.0.010 Rs.l00

thymus, Asparagus etc million rnillion

I TOTAL Rs.3600

Million

Agriculture is an open sky industry and profit and loss

I account and cash flow, NPV, Benefit Cost Ration, unit cost

analysis, BEP, ROE may not be applicable.

Par"back period

I As shown in the above table, the income of the project will

be Rs.200 million per acre after 7 years but the project total

cost is Rs. 58.515 million.

I Employment analvsis
- Employment generation (direct and indirect)
SPDP strategy is labour intensive and sophisticated machinery
and schemes are avoided. The main purpose of the strategy is

I I

'
to generate,employment and to develop local skill. SPDP has
introduced new types of drip inigation, windmill, earth moving
machinery, socially acceptable farming practices.

I ' The employment is generated in three different stages.

I
I)" ,1,
.','lln
I

the
r?6
prgject execution stage, land reclamation, land
preparation for orchards and orchard establishment are the
major activities. Nurseries are very labour intensive and rose

I on large scale but on a very snrall portion of the total target

land. Melons are cultivated for mulching pu{poses to presen'e
water for fruit tree. The cultivation of melons are aqain labour
intensive.

I t.
.SPDP Maintenance Stage
ti
l,t The maintenance of
is also a labour intensive
orchard
I operation. Orchard requires drip irrigation
. fertilization,

I .
'weeding, spraying etc. Replacement of dead plants by new

plantation is also a continuous activity. Nursery maintenance is

' also labour intensive.

I Community Farming Stase

At this stage all orchards would have matured and the farmers
would be engaged in harvesting, packing, a16 marketing in
'
addition to the maintenance.

T
The requirement of labour for the development of 10,000 acres
land is as under.

Per year/per acre Man days 34

I Total man days per year 34t 10,000 = 3,40,000

I Sensitivity analysis
lmpact of delays on project cost and viability
SPDP is working on the pattern of
I commu.nity/corporate farming. No contracts or
consultancies are awarded and every operation of
the project is performed by local labours. The local
a
labour are poor and can not wait for their wages.

I ! Traditionally they are paid on daily basis. The SPDP

,r.26
 127
Khyber pay labour on dai[ basis as they can not
I \
,
wait. In SPDP Kurram the labours are paid on
weekly basis. labour wifl be paid on weekly basis.
Similarly, the POL is also paid on weekly basis to
the filling stations as they can not have enough
t capital. Whenever there is delay in fund, the
services are stopped and the activities are halted.

In the delay of SPDP NWA funds, the agriculture

I operation would be stopped. Since agriculture
activities are highly time bound therefore the delay
of funds would cause one year delay of the

l operation or it would damage the crop/orchard.

Whatever the reason is, the delay in funds is a

traditional phenomena. To avoid this, SPDP had
a summary for the
I moved Revolving Fund which
has been approved. (Annexure-R) The Revolving
Fund is also a component of the SPDP strategy.
12 lmplementation Schedule
Date
I Starting
Completion Date
November, 2007
December 20112
ttem-wise/vear-wise imotementation schedule
Sea Annexure-B,C

I 13. Manaqement structure and manoower requirements

Sea Annexure E
I
I
The Project Director of SPDP is the head of all
SPDP network. The project manager will also be

I empowered to look after the project in addition to

other SPDP Project. Two experienced supervisor

I
I |-
128

will be transferred to SPDP NWA. The remaining

project staff will be locally hired.
Since SPDP is based on Corporate Agriculture

I Farming, therefore, emphasis is given to the

employee dedication, skill, honesty, activeness,
willing ness to work day and nights in the field with
out providing project accommodation, vehicle,

I telephone etc. On the basis of experience it has

been concluded that only those employees can
work'effectively who are not highly educated, those
who belong to poor families and those who are
t jobless and frustrated.

I 14. Add itional projects/decisions required

SPDP is a private sector oriented programme. lt is

aimed to promote community farming and to
I ,I develop a conducive environment for Corporate
',: Agriculture Farming. For the purpose all beneficiary
group is involved in planning, monitoring, execution,
maintenance and protection of orchard etc.
I
The agriculture activities require quick decisions.
The selection of appropriate courses of action
requires SPDP experience and the point of view of
I the target group. The selection of project land is
simultaneously carried out and the decision requires
sufficient knowledge of the SPDP Strategy. The

t decisions of the project is therefore based on two

approaches
All the activities of the project are identified and
executed by SPDP in consuttation with the target

I group and no sub PC-1 are processed for approval.

,?t
1L 129

No forum for decision is established. The Project

Director of the SPDP network is responsible for
each and every decision of the project. However, he
I must be supported by political administration'

I
t.

I
 130
1
-l
I

ft:b
Prepared By HMAT JAN)
I Project Director SPDP FATA
a926312362

I
Checked By (Jamshed Ali)
I Assistant Chief P&D FATA

I Approved By ;

I 130
T
l3l
UNDERTAKING

t The under-signed has prepared the PC-1 of Extension / Strengthening of Sustainable Plains
Development Program (SPDP). The SPDP strategy deals with the establishment of
community farms on vast plains of wastelands of FATA and executes almost 32 main
activities of agriculture, irrigation, agriculture extension, Adr. engineering, and agricultqe
I research. All the activities are carried out in a an integrated manner through a joint team of
community and SPDP Staff. The activates are labour intensive and low cost and tpe target
group is actively involved in its monitoring. Community farm roads, irrigation schemes,
community dams etc are selected on consensus and individual land parcels are pooled to
I establish large communig farms on comptetely wastelands of about 2000 acres each. The
Project is innovative in many respects and it is certified that its target areas can not be
developed through line departments or traditional projects. '

I (RAHMAT JAN)
Program Director
SPDP FATA

l\ 1
 \
I
d CIVIL SECRETARIAT FATA
I 39.

SUTAINABLE PLAINS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (SPDP) FATA

I CERTIFICATE
Promotion of dryland horticulture on wasteland of FATA is the main objective of SPDP.
Community Farming, Land Reclamation, Dryland Orchard Establishment, Dryland Perennial
vegetable, medicinal plants / floriculture promotion, Dryland Fruit Nursery Ralsing,
I Maintenance of Crops / Orchards and Nurseries are the 6 main components of SPDP. Under
Land Reclamation component, there are certain main activities e.g. communit/ farm road
construction, land leveling, exploitation of the most appropriate water resources, rain/flood

I water preservation through ridges, ditches and community dams and soil enrichment etc.

SPDP feels that dryland cannot be reclaimed through land leveling. lt requires a multisectoral
package. SPDP even avoids Land leveling as dryalands of FATA have no potential

I resources for flood/surtace irrigation. Micro irrigation is the best alternative which does not
require land leveling. SPDP emphasizes on micro irrigation and therefore dryland orchards
are established on the whole target areas.

t Concerned projects and departments select small land parcels

lrrigation Department installs irrigation schemes for their traditional irrigation i.e. flood
of individual farmers.

irrigation, Agriculture Department promotes non perennial crops usually water loving crops.
Under Land Reclamation Program of Agr. Deptt. only land leveling is focused which is

I avoided by SPDP..

The objectives, activities, implementation strategy, operation strategy, orchard establishment

strategy, orchard maintenance strategy, community motivation strategy and administrative

I strategy of SPDP is absolutely different than the concerned departmenUprojects. SPDP is

result oriented programme as it is bound to hand over 100olo successful orchards in all
respects i.e. survival rate, productivity, maturity, quality and sustainability etc. to the
of activities and SPDP
communities by the end of project. Therefore there is no duplication
I objectives, target land and target communities arc different from the concerned
Depa rtme nts/projects.
,
,//L:--
(RAHMAT JAr{)
I Program Director SPDP
trlltaaa.|lttlattlltattaatltttllttltattllllatlallarltr

l3t
 c-_r

ANNEXURES
J

I
T

t
I
t
I
iI
tI
t
l.
 r-:i
t b
Annexure-A
trrtension
l-z\ tvl l\)l\rr and Strengthening of SPDP
I
I

I BASIC INFORMATION
Description Quantity
Rs.111.070 million
l Cost
Target Areas 4 Agencies and one FRs of
FATA
Plan Period 60 months
Date of Initiation Jan, 2008
I Date of completion January, 2013
Target (Waste land Development) 10.000 acres
DT Orchards (No. of plants) 1.200 million

I Farm road net work 100 km

Drip lrrigation System 10,000 acres
Rain / Flood Water Preservation 10000 acres

I Total Farm Income after maturity

Cost Benefit Ratio
Rs.3500 million
35.77

I r3q
r;
I v
Annexure-1

I
Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

I Agency/Fr wise Physical and Financial Targets

I Mohmand 14.5856

t FR Bannu

I Note:
a The number of target agencies/FRs cannot be increased with the
same cost due to its high non development cost
o The with the ongoing SPDP projects have not been ignored due
to the high social acceptability of the program.

I c The allocation are flexible. In case of unfavourable environment for

SPDP another Agency/FR can be selectec

r3t
I
Annexu re-2
Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

I Year-wise /Component-wise Financial Targets

Rs. ln million
3.N( Main Comoonents 2007-08 2008-098009-t 0201 0-l r1201 1 -t 2012-13 Total
Extension of SPDP 6 months 2 monul 2 monlt 2 monut 2 mont| 6 months 0 montl
a Site identifi cation/Feasibilitv Studv 0.035 0.060 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.095

I b

d
Comm. Motivation/Land Use Plannino
c PreDaralion of Land for orchards
Eslablishment of lriqation Svslem
0.0s5
0.500
3.0@
0.075
1.000
12.000
0.000
1.000
6.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.1

2.500
21.000
30

e Eslablishment of dryland orchards 'r.000 1.500 1.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.@0
Rain water oreservation 0.200 0.300 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700
s Maintenance of orchards 0.960 2.500 3.500 4.500 5.500 6.500 23.460
h Establishment of Research Plots 0.000 0.100 0.100 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.400

t I Establishment of marketinq system

Iraininq to Comm. on CF technioues
k CF Ofice Rent
0.000
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.400
0.600
0.400
0.600
0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.330
I CF ofiice utilitv bills/fumiture/stationarv 0.200 o.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 3.800

SUB TOTAL-I (Development) 5.980 16.315 13.080 5.4E0 6.280 8.280 57.415
I F Staff salaries/daily wages 0.000 It.1 58 6.930 1.770 1.770 0.885 15.513

I 2
SUB TOTAL.2
Head Office Staff Salaries
5.980

1.470
22.473

2.940
20 010

5.712
7.25O

5.568
8.050

5.568
9.1 65

2.784
72.928

24.042
3 3ost on Strenqtheninq SPDP 3 550 5.400 2.900 0.900 0.900 0.450 14.100

TOTAL COST 11.000 30.813 24.622 13.718 14.518 1 2.399 1t 1.070

Note:

I a Secloral allocations are flexible as the project skategy is based on community farming, integrated approach

and land/water use planning according to which the activilres are simullaniously carried out rvithou of the

involvement of contractors or consultants.

b 100% larget is required to be completed in lhe tirst three years, iffunds are smoolhly provided,

c The poect will need to be revased for increase in cost because of addational expenditure on

I marntenance In case of delay in tunds

I
ll
Annexure- 2A

I
Year-wise /Component-wise Physical Targets

,lrit-,|' Total
I i.Nr
1
Main Comoonents
Extension of SPDP
Site identification/Feasibility Stutly 7o
Units

study
1007-0
monll
40
2008-0! 2009.1(
2 month
60
2 month

0
201 0-l r 20't1-1t
12 monlh! 12 month

0 0
I monthl

0
i0 monlhl
100

lomm. Motivatiodland Use Planning % 40 60 100

rreoaration of Land for orchards o/o
35 65 100
oh 40 30 100
0 :stablishment of lnigation System 30
:stablishment of dryland orchards acres 2000 4000 4000 10000

I
e

lain water preservation 2000 4000 4000 10000

2000 6000 10000 0000 10000 r0000 10000
s uaintenance of orchards
1

h Establishment of Research Plots No 0 2 3 3 E

o/o n 100 100
Establishment of ma*eting syslem 0 0 0
,h 0 0 100 100
frainino to Comm. on CF techniques 0 0

I l3z

I
lb
Annexure-3

t Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

STRENGTHEN ING COMPON ENT

Rs.In million
DESCRIPTION 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Total

t
S 2007-0E 2008-09 2009-11

1 Head Office 6 monthr 12 monfl 2 monlh 12 rmnth! 12 month 6 mtrth3 50 mnth

a Head Office Renl o.270 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.270 2.700
b Furniture and airconditioners etc. 0.200 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.300
c Comouter.telePhone, fax etc 0.150 0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250
d Utilitv bills 0.150 0.300 0.300 o.300 0.300 0.150 1.500
e Micsalinious expenditure 0.030 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.030 0.300

Human Resource DeYelopment

T 2
a Staff traininq on community farminh, 0.100 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.600
t drvland technolooies and horticulture etc. 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C Foreon studv tours/ traininq cources on 1.000 0.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.000
o 3AF/CF, Micro irrigation, dryland hortic. 0.000
0.000

I
3 Vehicles
a Double cab 4wd Toyota (1 No.) 0.000 2.600 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.600
b Siqle cab 2wd Toyota (2 No.) 1.200 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.400
c Motor cycles (5 No.) 0.450 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.450

TOTAL 3.550 5.400 2.900 0.900 0.900 0.450 14.100

I ,32

I
l
Annexure-3A

Extension and Strengthening of

I
SPDP

STRENGTHENI NG COMPONENT
Rs.In million

I S
1 flead Office
DESCRIPTION

a Heatl Office Renl No

Units 2007-0E

5 rnonthr

1
2008-09

l2 months
2009-1 0

12 months
201 0-1

'12
1

monlhs
2011-12 2012-13
12 months 6 months
Total

60 months
1

b trurniture and airconditioners elc. % 60 40 0 0 0 0 100

oh 60 40 0 0 0 0 100
Computer,telephone, far etc
2 Human Resourcr Devolopment

I a Staff trainino on community farminh,

lrvland iechnolooies and hortic etc.
b soreqn study toury training gources c
No

o/o
2

30
1

70
0

2
0

0
0

0
0

0
3

't02
3AF/CF, Mioo irrig. dryland hortic.

3 Vehicles
0 0 0 n

I a Double cab 4wd Toyota (1 No.) No 0 1 I

b Siste cab 2wd Toyota (2 No.) No 1 1 0 0 0 0 2

Motor cycles (5 No.l No 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

I t31

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Annexu re-4

I
Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

I Strengthening of SPDP
Salaries of HQ level Staff
S.Nt Post No. 2@7-08 2O0E-O( 2009-10 2010-1 I 201 1'1 2 201 2-1 3 Total

t 1

2
3
)roqramme Dhector SPDP FATA
trooramme Manaqer SPDP.FATA
Proiec{ Manaoers
1

2
0.00(
0.00(
0.48(
0.000
0.000
0.96C
1.440
0.784
0.960
1.440
0.780
0.960
1./t4C

0.78C
0.96C
0.72C
0.39(
0.48C
5.04C
2.73t
4.80C

I 0.18( 0.36C 0.360 0.360 0.36C 0.18C 1.80C

4 Account Officer
'l 0.18( 0.360 0.36C 0.360 0.36C 0.1 8C 1.80(
5 Monitorinq Ofiicer
0.18c 0.360 0.36( 0.36C 0.36( 0.180 1.80(
Research Offi cer Horliculture 1

I lesearch Officer Technical 1 0.1 80 0.360 0.360 0.36C 0.36( 0.180 1.80(

3 Sub-Engineer (Micri lrrigation) 1 0.000 0.000 0.144 0.00c 0.00( 0.000 0.144
o.240 0.244 0.120 1 20C
I Jffice assistants 2 0.120 0.24Q 0.24C
z 0.000 0.00c 0.168 0.16t 0.168 0.0E4 0.58€
v lomputer operators
4 0.00( 0.00c o.24C 0.240 0.240 0.120 0.84C
10 Jrivers
3 0.090 0.1 8C 0.1 6C 0.1 E0 0.1E( 0.090 0.90c
11 Naib Qasids
12 lhowkidars 2 0.060 ot2a 0.12( oJ2e 0.12( 0.06c 0.60c

I Note
TOTAL 1.170 2.940 5.712 5.568 5.568

ptocedures. The staff of the ongoing projects

2.784 21.042

a New recruitment of the head quarler level stafi will be made through normal
proiecl
wiltget sataries hom their respective proiects in the tirst 12 months. Aner then they will get salaried trom the said
ptojects in the firsl tilo years
b The salaries of pD and PM , two computer operators and 4 drivers will get trom the ongoing

I c Ncrmal procedures will adopted in hiring HO level staff.

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Annexure-5

t Extension and Strengthening

Component: Strengthening of SPDP

of SPDP

Salaries of Community Farm (CF) level Staff

I Agency /
FR
No. o 2ooleE 20og{9 2009.t0 2oto-tt zo11-12 2ot2-13 Total
CF Sl 6 months 12 months 12 months 12 months 12 months 6 months 60 months
Mohmand 17 0.000 0.000 1.386 0.354 0.354 0.177 2.271
Khyber 17 0.000 1.386 1.386 0.354 0.354 0.177 3.6si
17
t Kurram
NWA
FR Bannu
17
17
0.000 0.000
0.000 1.386
0.000 1.385
1.386 0.354
1.386 0.354
1.386 0.354
0.354 0.177
0.354 0.177
0.354 0.177
2.271
3.657
3.657
roTAL 85 0.000 4.158 6.930 1.770 1.770 0.885 15.5t3

I Note
3 The number of CF level staft is highly flexible as in case of more than one CF in one Agency there will be more than one
CF management Unit. The selection of one CF is the priority of the Pro.iect but in some cases the selection of more
than one CF becomes unavoidable
b fle CF staft are hired cn the basis ot coinmunity:arnring and have a short terrn contract if the ernplcyee is p!'oved

I
successful
C Normal procedures for the selection of CF staff is not adopted but the PO has the power of hiring and firing
d tn the first 18 months the salaries of CF slaff will be drawn from the ongoing respective SPDP pro,ects.

e Aner three years, only CF manager, one suervisor and one chwkidar will continue
f The Community Farm Level staff will be hired on daily wages or 6 months contract basis.

I
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It
Annexure-6

I Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

Component: Strengthening of SPDP

Salaries of Community Farm (CF) level Staff
t ;.N
SPDP Mohmand
Post l{o. W.O.a 2O07{t 200t{t 20ot-10 mlo-ll 2011-12 20l2nt Totd
R3. 6 monthr 12 mntm 12 mths 12 montht 12 rnonihr 6 n|onlhs 60 monlhs

t 3F Manager 1 12000 0.00c 0.00c 0.144 0.144 0.144 0.o72 0.504

2 3F Accountant 1 8000 0.00c 0.000 0.09€ 0.000 0.00c 0.000 0.096
3 \licro lrr. Technician 1 8000 0.00c 0.000 0.09€ 0.000 0.00( 0 000 0.096

I 4
5
6
3F Suoervisor
)rvland lmolement Technician
rilder
(
1

1
7000
10000
7000
0.00c
0.00c
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.42C
0.12C
0.084
0.084
0.000
0.000
0.08!
0.00(
0.00(
0.042
0.00(
0.00c
0.630
o.12t
0.084
Budder 7000 0.000 0.000 0.084 0.084 0.0E4 0.42 0.294
8 Tractor Driver 3 6000 0.00c 0 000 0 21€ 0.000 0.00( 0 00( 0 21€
J Chowkidars 3 3500 0.000 0.000 0.1 26 0.042 0.042 c.021 0.231

I Total 0.000 0.000 r.386 0.354 0.354 0.177 2.27',i

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I I
Annexu re-7

t Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

Component: Strengthening of SPDP

I Salaries of Community Farm (CF) level Staff

SPDP Khvb e
S.No Porl No. 20O7{t 200t{C 2(,09-10 2olo-lt 20it.l2 2o12-tt Tord
R3. 6nbnth3 t2monthr l2Mthr lzMths l2tlwths 6'lmth3 60months

I CF Manager '|
1 2000 0.00c 0.144 0.144 0.144 0.144 o.o7t 0.64€
2 0F Accountant I 8000 0.000 0.09€ 0.096 0 000 0.000 0.00c 0.192
J Vlicro lrr. Technician I 8000 0.000 0.096 0.09€ 0 000 0.000 0.00c 0.1 92

4 lF Suoervisor t 7000 0.00c 0.420 0.42C 0.084 0.084 0.o42 1.05C

5 )ryland lmplement Technician 1 10000 0.00c 0.1 20 0.1 2( 0.000 0.000 0 00( 0.24C
o walder 7000 0.000 0.0& 0.084 0.00( 0.00c 0.00c 0.1 6E

t .,

8
3udder
lraclor Driver
1

3
7000
6000
0.000
0.000
0.0&
0.21e
0.084

0.21
0.084

0.00(
0.084
0.00(
0.042
0.00c
0.378
0.432
9 Chowkidars 3 3500 0.000 0J2e 0.1 2€ 0.04i 0.042 0.o21 0.357
Total 17 0.000 1.38e 1.386 0.354 0.354 0.177 3.657

I t13

t
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I
:

f
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t,
Annexure-8

I Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

Component: Strengthening of SPDP

Salaries of Community Farm (CF) level Staff
I SNo
SPDP Kurram
Porl No. 2007{! 20Ol{0 20Ol-10 20iG11 20ll-12 2012-13 Tolrl
R3. 6 rnonth3 12 dFnttu 12 month3 12 monlh! 12 mm|hr 6 rf,onhr 60 monlhs
,|
CF Manaqer a 't2000 0.00( 0.00c 0.144 0.1 44 0.144 0.072 0.504
2 CF Accountanl 1 8000 0.00t 0.00c 0.096 0.000 0.00c 0.00c 0.09€
3 Micro lrr. Technician I 8000 0.00c 0.00c 0.096 0.000 0.00c 0.00c 0 09€

I 4

o
q
CF Suoervisor
Dryland lmplemenl Technician
wilder
6
,|

a
7000
10000
7000
0.00c
0.00c
0.000
0.00c
0.00c
0.000
0.420
0.1 20
0.0E4
0.084
0.000
0.000
0.084
0.00c
0.00c
0.042
0.00c
0.00(
0.63C
0.12C
0.084
7 Budder 1 7000 0.00c 0.00c 0.084 0.084 0.084 0.ot: 0.294
8 Tractor Driver 6000 0.00c 0.00c 0.216 0 000 0.000 0.00( 0.216
Chowkidars 2 3500 0.000 0.000 0.1 26 0.042 0.042 0.021 0.231

I
Total 't7 0.000 0.000 1.386 0.354 0.354 0.177 2.271

rqr
I

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a
.I
r'^
fF
-
Annexure-9

Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

Component: Strengthening of SPDP

I Salaries of Community Farm (CF) level Staff
SPDP NWA
S.No Po.t No. 2oot{! 2oor{l 20oc-10 2010-li ?011-12 2012'lt Tot l

t I CF Managel
,t
Rs.
12000
oflbntht l2motrthr l2tmnth3 t2tnontht l2monh3
0.072
0.04t
0.144
0.096
0.144
0.096
0.144
0.00c
0.144
0.000
ornonttE @mmlhr

0.07i
0.00(
0.72C
0.24C
2 lF Accountanl 1 8000

\ticro lrr. Technician 1 8000 0.04t 0.096 0.096 0.00c 0.00c 0.00( 0.24C
3
5 7000 0.21( 0.420 o.42C 0.084 0.084 0.041 1.26C
4 3F Suoervisor
0.30c

I
6 Dryland lrnplement Technician I 10000 0.06( 0.1 2C 0.12C 0 00c 0.00c 0.00c

6 wildet I 7000 o.a2 0.084 0.084 0.00c 0.000 0.000 0.21(

Budder 1 7000 0.042 0.084 0.0E4 0.0E4 0.0E4 0.042 0.420

I Traclor Driver ? 6000 0.1 08 0.216 0 21€ 0 000 0.000 0.00c 0.540

9 Chowkidars 3 3500 0.063 0.125 0.1 26 0.042 0.042 0.021 0.420

Total 17 0.693 1.3E€ 1.386 0.354 0.354 0.177 4.350

I
tqb

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l/.
Annexure-1O

t
Extension and Strengthening of SPDP

Component: Strengthening of SPDP

Salaries of Community Farm (CF) level Staff
I SPDP FR Bannu
SNo Port llo. 2007{t 2OOt{t 200}10 20'10-11 20tl-12 ml2-ll lo||l
Rr. 6 nionlh! 12 rpn0|! 12 montht 12 monlhr 12 monlh! 6 month3 60 ffilh!
3F Manager 1 12000 0.000 o.1u 0.1.14 0.144 0.1.1.( 0.o72 0.648

t 2

4
3
0F Accountant
Micro lrr. Technician
lF Supervisor
1

5
8000
8000
7000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.09c
0.09t
0.42C
0.09€

0.09€

0.42C
0.00c
0.00c
0.0E4
0.00(
0.00(
0.08!
0.ooc
0.00c
0.o42
0.1 92

0.1 92

1.050
5 )ryland lmplement Technician 1 1 0000 0.000 0.1 2( 0.1 2C 0.00c 0.00( 0.ooc 0.240
6 ,vilder t 7000 0.000 0.084 0.084 0.00c 0.00( 0.00c 0.1 68

I
3udder 1 7000 0.000 0.084 0.084 0.084 0,082 0.o42 0.378
8 lractor Driver 3 6000 0.000 0.21€ 0.21€ 0.00c 0.00( 0.000 0.432
9 Chowkidars 1 3500 0.000 o12e 0,1 2€ 0.042 0.041 0.021 0 357
Total 17 0.000 1.386 1.386 0.354 0.35.( 0.177 3.6s7

I tq7

I
Irr io"nrrt*'z - //n

Organization Structure of SPDP

I Vast plains of wastelands which lie on almost 70% of the total area of FATA, remained
un-reclaimed as an individual has no interest in its reclamation. Land levelling is not a
problem as most of the area of a vast plain is in levelled shape. The most serious
problems are the community motivation, introduction of dryland horticulture and

I exploitation of limited water resources in an efficient way. No Government department

or project except SPDP prepared any strategy for its development and therefore, the
size of vast plains of waste lands increased many folds.

SPD Strategy has been specially designed for the sustainable development of vast
plains of wastelands. The development of these types of lands requires community
I farming to develop community infrastructure for maximum utilization, to control land
fragmentation, to introduce appropriate dryland orchards and maxirnum income,
appropriate micro inigation to utilize the limited water resources for large areas.

The implementation strategy for the development of vast plains of wastelands requires

I integrated approach as a complete package of different multisectoral actil'ities needs to

be canied out simultaneously to achieve the required result in time. Appropriate
community based schemes need to be identifo on the basis of vast plains wise
land/water use planning.

The basic philosophy, the type of activities and the nature of the type of beneficiary

I group of SPDP are non traditional and therefore it required a non traditional
management style. Keeping in view the guidelines of the Manual for development
Projects, Chief Executive Directive 2001 and guidelines given in the Five Years Plans,
a special type of management strategy was approved in the PC-l s of SPDP on the basis
of an approved summary of GovernorNWFP.

I SPDP Manasement

HO Level Staff
The whole programme is headed by Programme Director. The coordination between
the activities of different agencies, distribution of machinery and resources are carried
out by Programme Manager. The civil works of the w'hole programme is headed by an

I engineer/Research Officer Technical and the monitoring activities are canied out by a
monitoring officer. The financial maters are managed by an account officer. The HQ
level staff are hired on long term contract i.e. till the completion of the project. PD is
100% responsible for the project activities and his excuse regarding any dispute or dry
spell will not be accepted. He is empowered of hiring and firing of CF/agency level
staff.

I Asency Manaeement Level Staff

The Agency management Level staff is headed by a Project manager who is supported
by an accountant, a dryland technology technicians, and micro irrigation technicians.
All the agency level staff is initially hired on daily wages and then short term contract
is signed to the competent persons. Their contract are renewed after three or 6 months.

I Itl d
l/ Ar,f,rf*rn ll- 6

Extension and strengthening of SPDP

I ORGANTZATTON CHART

tqq
I /-^e+c4"rt -/2
I/rt/

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OF OF SPDP

I
S.Nr SPDP Activities

I Community Farming
i.Community Mobilization
ii. Pooling Distributed lands
iii. Resolving disputes on vast plains
iv. Establishment of site offices
I v. Land/water use planning
vifeasibility studies
Establishment of appropriate
lrrigation System
i. lnstalation of lrrigation Tubewells
T ii. Conv. I repair of existing t.w. to community t.wells.
iii. Micro lrrigation System
iv Gravity based irrigation schemes
v.25'45 feet water tank per water surce
I vi. Community flood dams
vii. Channels for nurseries / crops
viii Water preservation through mulching etc
Farm road construction

I i.20-25 feet wide shingle roads

ii. Drainage system
iii. Earth fill bridges
iv. Line plantation of walnuts or olive
Land preparation for orchards/crops
I i.Deep ploughing of wastelands
ii. Precise Land leveling for nurseries
iii. Ridges and ditches making
iv. Clearance of Wild Bushes
Dryland Orchard Establishment
I i. Digging deep pits
ii. Soilenrichment
iii. Nursery raising
iv. Plantation
v. Maintenance of orchards for 5 yrs
T
l.fo
1)
.
i 6 Reasearch Plots Establishment
i. Soilenrichment
ii. Nursery raising

I iii. Plantation
iv. Maintenance of medicinal crop
v. Establishment of marketing channels
vi Land reclamation
vii Flood irrigation system
!
NO'The SPD Strategy is based on Community Farming/Corporate Agrict

Use Planning and lntegrated Approach and all activities are simultan

through SPDP staff and communities with out hiring contractors and
II Since the the project area and the cources of action are not known in flued projects like SPDP, therefc

the magnitude, estimated cost i

However the project has a ceilingfor development activities and has a target. The project is bound

to achieve the target with the given cost and time frame. The project is bound to hand over all the targ,
I
t land with 100% successful orchards

l
I

I
tfl

_l
 rt9 4aaz'zttrc- 13

t / WORKING PAPER FOR PRE-FDWP TO BE HELD ON 20-10-07

Para-wise Reply of the Project Scrutiny

I S.No lssue
11 .1 Estimated cost given in the
Reply
The project estimates were based on rates

ADP is Rs.100 million of May 2006. Due to the speedy price hike
whereas, the proposed cost in agr. Inputs, the proposed cost increased

t is Rs.111.070 million
b.
in the revised PC-1.
The target of the project is the development
of 10,000 acre wasteland. To reduce the
proposed cost, the target needs to be

I reduced. As a result the development funds

will be more thinly distributed.
c. The ceiling is abysmally low i.e. Rs.7,000
per acre. lt may be noted that the ceiling of

I Agr. Extension in Land Reclamation

Program is 11,000 per acre in which only
land leveling is carried out. Whereas SPDP
executes 35 major activities including land

I leveling @ Rs.7,000 per acre.

11.2 General abstract of cost is

not given iec ?*tr lgf a'-'l tfb
I 11.3 Different components under Reference Governor Directive issued during his visit to
the head of strengthening NWA on 23-2-2006, a PC-1 for SPDP NWA with a
component needs total cost of Rs. 58.515 million was submitted. In the
justification, detail breakup DSC meeting held on 5-6-2006, it was decided that

I and rationalization SPDP may be strengthened and extended to the

whole FATA. The chairman directed that a head office
at Peshawar may be established and needfultechnical
staff may be hired and staff training. The detail is
T given in Annexure-3A to Annexure-11 ol the PC-1.
11.4 Provision of 1 double cabin SPDP develops wasteland on mass scale. lt requires
and 2 single cabin and 5 m. a large number of inputs in all concerned sectors as
cycles needs proper SPDP is bound to hand over successful orchards to
I lf,
 rf3
I justification as it has been gencY/FR' For all

mentioned on Page 18 that 3 muttisectoral activities which

are executed with out
aff requires at
no vehicles and 6 m cYcles contractors and consultants, the field st
least one vehicle per agency/FR. Three agencies will
I are available
not have vehicles, therefore 3 vehicles have been
proposed.

I 11.5 Whether 22 Nos Posts under Yes.

the head of salaries of HQ Up till now maximum SPDP activities were confined
to

level staff for which 24.042 Kurram. Now the activities will be equally distributed
purpose 22
million have been claimed and extended to the whole FATA. For the
are based on Nos of Posts given in the Annexure 11 of the PC-1 is
I requirement.
actual
proposed.

11.6 Whether 17 Nos Posts for Yes

each target agencY/FR are But if more than one CF is selected in a dispersed

I based on actual requirement manner then the requirement of staff will be more than
17. Anyway on average it may not exceed than 17'

11.7 The undertaking given on Will be signed in the final version ot the l'u-
page 7 has not been signed

I 11.8 Exact locations of the areas The project deals with the establlsnmenl
which areto be reclaimed farms on vast plains of wastelands. lt requires
oT commulrrt)

under the Project in the potentiat sites identification surveys, political

agencies have not been administration opinion and extensive community
I provided. motivation.

Even in the selected area civil works are not initiated

before signing agreements regarding the selection of

t sites for community irrigation schemes, community

farm roads, security of orchards and project assets
etc.

I In the process, all issues regarding land disputes and

and
social and technical problems are sifted e

feasibte site in all respects is selected. Initially the sitt

is small in size i.e. about 100 acres but the process o
I t93
I /l{-- selection is simultaneously carried out and after three
I years it reaches to a Community Farm of about 3,000
I
acres.

I il the s:te ;c,rrc;:;:;:;;;: l;-,; PC I ;,-,:'l:i- i3-rr,.i

process of its seiection is avorded. Ihe site wo':lo nct
be technrcaiiy anC socialiy feasible.

I Record Note

Itern No. 42 Extension / Strengthening of SPDP ADP No

I 952(2007-08)

Decision i. Provision of vehicles ano staff was discussed ano

fcund justified hcr,vever, it was decided that

I justification
in the PC-1
fo," each vehicles and post wril 0e ad'Jeil

i: !;\-/rr ji viile ,' br'r.rr i jJ€;iS :S j,S,- .- i= u.;,,Ui-,

I ff
#Jtzfr2t,^
a
Annexu rgffi t9'g
of
I
SPDP
Extensiol and Strengthening
Financial Targets
Year-wise /Component-wise
Total
S.No

I I
-EEg
2t.otz
2 Hgao LJrrlGe orar 5.05
@lishment 3.600
Human Resource DeveloPment 5.000

I Vehiclesl
-ffi^rarrac.
Motor
0.450

$r
 ,ffi
l*^stt*o- t!*C
Extension and Stlengthening of SPDP
:r
Genirat Abstract of Gost Breakup (in Rs')

S.No Main Gomponents Rs. Amount

1 Site ldentifaction/Feasibility study 0.095

3
Oomm.motivation/land waler use planning

Preparation of Land for orchards

0.130

2.500
'ffi
I 4 Estb:of lnaqation svstem 21.000
4.000

il
5 Estb:of dryland orchards'

6 Rain water Preservation 0.700

7 Maintenahce of orchards 23.460

I Estb:of RCsearch plots o.4oo

l, .9
':: '
Estb:of Marketing system 0.400

.10 . fianino to Comm. On CF tecniques 0,600

.. :
11 CF Office Rent 0.330

12 CF office utility bills/fu rniture/stationery 3.800

I 13
. :'
CF staff Salaries/daily wages 15.513

24.042
14 Head office Staff Salaribs
15 Cost on Strenthening SPDP 14.100

Total Cost (in Rs) 111.070

ls6
t )
t42
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Annexure 144

I JUSTIFICATION FOR STAFF

There are two types of Staff under SPD Program. The community
farm staff is hired on temporary basis and no proper agreement is
I signed with them. Their salaries are in the range of Rs'3000 to
Rs.10,000 per month but are paid on the basis of daily wages
The second type of staff is the HQ level staff. lt does not mean
that they will be stationed in the head quarter but their activities
T
are not confined to a single community farm or a single project.

Reference Governor Directive issued during his visit to NWA on

I 23-2-2006, a PC-1 for sPDP NWA was discussed on 5-6-2006 in

the DSC Meeting. lt was decided that SPDP be strengthened and
extended to the whole FATA. The proposed size of HQ level staif
is 22. The detail is given in the Administrative Structure given at

I Annexure 1 1-8.

The post wise justification is given at Annexure-148

I
T
Annexure -148
tr"
POST-WI S E J USTI FICATION

I S.No. JUSTIFICATION

Program Ihe whole pro$am rs he l

I

Director per SPD Strategy no consultants are hired and no

t contractors are involved in the project activities. SPDP is
based on community farming, land/water use planning and
integrated approach and all types of surveys e.g. site
identification surveys, land water use surveys and
I Community farm designing are conducted by the project
staff under the team leadership of PD. PD is made 100o/o

responsible for the successful completion of SPDP projects

all potential
I in all respects i.e. establishment of orchards on
land, survival rate of fruit plants, quality of fruit plants and
growth etc.
Program i SPDP is an innovative program. lts main activlty is the
i

I Manager i establishment of community farms having dryland orchards

on vast plains of wasteland of FATA. Contrary to the
traditional strategies of line departments/project of green
sector, SPDP develops community lands. lt pools small

t land parcels into thousands acres large land parcels,

resolve disputes on common/disputed lands, it
it

instatl
community infrastructure, it converts individual's
infrastructure to the community status. Furthermore there is

t closed coordination between different SPDP projects and

machinery, staff, learning are shared. For coordination,
dispute resolution, and community motivation an
experience program manager is required.

I Project
Managers
Traditionally one project manager is required
Agency. But SPDP is keeping one project manager for
for an

Kurram Agency, NWA and FR Bannu and one Project

manager for Mohmand Agency and Khyber Agency. The
I l((
t4i
 Eq
+4+
project manager will closely supervise the SPDP activities,
verify the expenditure bills, ensure the smooth running of
the project and ensure the vigorous growth of orchards. He
I will also provide progress reports and monitoring reports on
rutine basis. The Project Manager of Southern part will be
stationed at Kurram and The project manager of northern
areas of FATA will be stationed at Ghalanai Mohrnand
I Agency.
One account officer has been proposed for'the whole
programme which is direly required.

Monitoring One monitoring officer is required for SPDP to provide feed

I Officer back of the SPDP activities and to compare the progress of
different community farms.
Research SPDP deals with the promotion of dryland horticulture in
FATA. FATA has different ecological zones and has the
I officer
Horticulture potential of various dryland orchards, dryland medicinal
plants, dryland floriculture and dryland vegetables. SPDP
has already establish 8 experimental plots of 25 acres in

I different zones and has successfully identified appropriate

varieties under the ongoing projects. All these activities
were carried out in collaboration with PCSIR. Agriculture
University, Horticulture promotion project Gilgit and PARC

I lslamabad. There is no concerned officer and in the new

project a post for horticulture promotion has been created.
Research SPDP deals with the development of wastelands. Land
Officer reclamation, stone clearance, installation of tubewells,
I Technical rehabilitation of existing tubewells, farm road construction
community dams construction. Furthermore, SPDP
,

establishes micro irrigation system on 100% target land.

The target land of the proposed project is 10,000 acres
I wasteland and appropriate irrigation system may be
required in different areas. There is also a need to monitor
all the civil works and to provide proposals for its

improvement in different community farms. For the purpose

I the post of Research Officer Technical has been created.

+++ t,94
 *as'i6o
I Sub Engineer SPDP has adopted new micro irrigation called pipe
I micro irrigation irrigation system. Due to its good social acceptability, low
cost and long life it has been established on 15000 acres

t land under the on ooino SPDP proiects. The same

tt--atqctrl!!i
--i ^ - - -! .-.
)_y.)titri i I !viri i_;.-i <.>r-alul!.:'i ic:i_i ._rr ! i.i '( vJi i._,r{:i r{1! (-jr_-:

land of the saic pro;ect and for the purpose cne posi rol
Si;b Lngii)eei 1;iric;c ii'iiEatjon) has bee;: ;;-eaiei.i

I qr rnnnrf.nd
I v'-rl.ryvt'-rIy

r-'r^tt
Jt,dti
'12 H head office ai Peshawar wiii be estabiished 'nhereas turo
iiegionai oftices i.e. one ar Kurram Agenc'/ an'J the seconc
at Mohmano Agency wiii be estabirsheo. Tne supponrng
^t^(a C^- +l-^^^ ^I{:^^^ ..,;ll L^ }..,a ^{fi^^ aa^i^+^a*^il.D, +..,^
Dtcflt tut U |tiDE uiltugD vvilt uE Lvv\J uilruE crJDlJt6lr tvv\,

I computer operators
chowkidars..
4 drivers, 3 naib qasids, and 2

I ,l6o
Frt
 -r47' I b /
I f
Annexure-16 - n

I rt tcrrrrt^^Ti,aNt
.JLjJiil 1\/..1 llvl\ tr.1p tt r{_ PPn\/retnNl
t\_./l\ TlJtr | t\\_/vt\Jr\-/t\ ntr
\-/t
\/Etl!cLES
v

A: iie ncrieni 4 SPDP picjecis :.e SPLrP Kur:'an'. Green

Kui'rarn Valley, Twenty Tubewells in the dry areas of Kurrarn
I Agencv and Kurram River Training tnroi-rqh Vegetatrve
Engineering are being executed in all the three subdivisions of
Kurram Agency. Two SPODP projects i.e. SPDP Baizi
Mohmand Agency and SPDP Bazzar Zakhakhel Khyber
I Agency are also being executed. There was provision for only
tvrc vehicles inciuCinc mini truck rvhich lvas requireo for-
:-^^^^-.+-{!-- l^^, UcLVvCCl. Th.^,.rrt-.,.-r--
.r CrrSpr.r,ldliLiir -r 9li$rri(jJ
jr ^-.-:-:- -^,
diiU --
dlr. llipuLJ+- h^t.",aan i iiu ic:ii,-,cr

t ha','e been pr-rrchaseC anC are being extensiveiy used in the 14

;:ci-rirutliy fa;'n:s Siiijatec ;n f3r-flung lviin a iclai area oi 21 l,fi:i'-
l,-,=: --, lle 8 3Pf_f ; f,ii,_rig,;i. - _r j=,-i cri-rr r_:
1. ,-i',,- f:: l,],,:,.1 r;;r

aiS,: ieel Cr,:v:.leC ir-: SPDP lv P&L: Depat*,ert

t f :..^,
,tv ,Al.
tr \ ! /
\,. , ITA r n',^,;s
v.vlvv-
-i t-.itcrqrnr,Sii-e.nlnCi,n.-t
Ln.ur Jrvr,rvtt vr,:,rr ":',,'y
.:)t SJ-r|-/
"
:S :13

seventh project. A provision of 3 venicle has been made in its

PC-1 as additionai staff will be hired who wtll work for all seven

I projects of SPDP

The vehicle wise Justification is given below.

t t5,
+47'
 Ar*no. *'" lb - g

I '* 162
l JUSTTFTcATtoN FOR VEHICLES
Number ustification
IsNo Vehicle Type J

I Single Cab
Frak-:rn
r r-vrr uP
Two project managers will work
iai- irung ai"eas cf tite fcur agencles
in

and one FR cf FATA The tctai

target area of SPDP is 37,000 acres
I which are almosi aii inaccessible
There will be one single cab pick-up
at regional office Kurram Agency
I and one single cab pick-up at the
Regional office Mohmand Agency
Dc':'Cle rl33 pi3k-rrn
.r'- el,
: 1
At least cne double cab pick-up is
requiredat Head Office Le,re! for'
T
Proqrarn Directot cne .n,;rp;l1r'n,l
-f!.,.- !.
,.vVu- --^^^.-1. ^r! -.-.- j | -'
Ul liuci . i C5Cdl r,l , rJi iiLu 5. :
! ,=

:...;.,-j'...-.....i..+i.-''..'-.iti.,..'..'-.,-.;;;.-'.-.'-.
ilJlJ Llgovl rvlrvt I vr (| tgog wt ilL,E;! J t rq,)

I .3?en stated in A.nlexu:e-"!48

motorcycies At least five new community farms

with a total area of 10.000 will be
I established in the five agencies/FR
The number of staff per community
farm is 17. Sine the target area is

wasteland and the

I does not provides iands in the ciose
communities

..:^;^;+.'
vrtJltilty +i..^;.,,ill^^^
^5 Ll r9il vilrayg ^. +.^.,,^
\Jr €^. ;+-
L.rr L\Jvvt i ivi iLJ

commerciai value therefore

I *^r^^+;^t t^^l ^t,.,^,,^ r;^;-
Vv(sr i(acll lcllrv crivVclyD irc ttr -^*^+^
t('r iiU(g
areas. At least one motorcycle per
community far is required.

T
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I
 l? 1 bf'
flcr.rlet?rc -
t AcTIVITY.W Sfi,C H I EVEM E NT

Land Reclamation
Achievement % w.r.t. target
t ; Major Activity
'
=a+31-;1"l.nranI
.-,f
j Target i

communitv Farrtis
i 2:r': ier,,oli:rr-.
'- ' -"' 'J
tir^:rtP

I '^l^^-^^^^
\,lEdl Cll lUE .

.-.f
vr
.riaciclrn.-li
eruJr-v.L4t ruJ
onil
OlJll
anrtnlrmant
gl ll lul ll I 19l rl I

Installation cf ccmrnunity
irrigation T.wells

I Conversion
/abandoned t.wells
of individual
in to
communtty t.weiis
nenacitrtat'Jn 15
r'-
I ' -'
luul lcu t.vvEllJ
^L^".,J^-^,{
' dudl '.,aia

-
r

lf-'r,.,^i,^
, I r '.'/=!'--
-r-';-1:^,.

!it!,(ll,!jjiir:J1.,- ;-ii.\

.nr)r-\a -;
I -; ? hln

*- J ----
lnstallation of irrigation 50 acres
I
I

channeis I
ll
I

4l , Rain water preservation ! r'\

IU 27 104 I 18000 _,

;;tl izl I

I )L
-1-{-
I V6l\f,J
6A irn
vv l\rir
I

i. Jt^ 4A -----
cSt?OllSt-iiTl€t-lt OI U r utitucD--- | - , lli -i

I
T19
 Harn&*rz - Jo r5r1 16 L
t ACTIVITY-WISE ACHI EVEM ENT

Promotion of Dryland Horticulture

No i Major Activity Target Achievement i % w.r.t target
I iS
a E^l^l-i,^1"-^^l
| \rai jrt>,,r.iF-ri -f f-\^,la^-l
vrn ,.
I I
,, t:trill
i

,1.^ia^.a^
ril vi ldi LIJ

i\im,^,^,-l .t ,1,;t;,-

I nnmonranrto
' rv'
I 'vY'

nr:^oc
y' sYvr' m:11:
| | rurrq rnrinat
sv!vvt
niqtenhin

Establishment of Dr^y'land atr ^^.^^

i Fruit Plant Nurseries

I I Maintenance of orchards
I Survival rates of orchards
27100 acres
i 100%
I
21

i 95%
500 180
rOq

r Estabiishment of Dryiano r
i6No
ltleoicrnal research Plots

I Estabiishment
Qoq:1'.^; \/=n:ia^
of onyianc
- D!i'
) hin

'; l\:

I t\4-,^r

D ra+^
.t'l t\tr

I Eo t66
.lof'