What Drives Behaviour

For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

What Drives Behaviour

1. What Drives Behaviour?

1.1 What Drives Behaviour?

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

1.2 In This Session

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

1.3 Why?

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

1.4 Why Do We Need to Understand Wild Animal Behaviour?

Managing wild animals in captivity is challenging regardless of context.

Wild animals are evolutionarily adapted to minimize display signs which may predispose them
to predation or attack

Paying attention to behaviour can give us MUCH more information about the animals we care
for, and ensuring we provide them with the care they really need.

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

1.5 Defining Behaviour

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
normal (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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natural (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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abnormal (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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unnatural (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

1.6 What Drives Behaviour?

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

2. External Factors

2.1 External Mechanisms

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

2.2 Evolutionary Environment

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

2.3 More Than Just Space?

Notes:

Social Interaction
While social interactions can be both positive and negative welfare experiences, they are also an important aspect of
natural behaviour and the evolutionary history of an animal.

It is also important that we consider how social opportunities will impact behaviours in species we may have
traditionally considered solitary.

Foraging
Foraging or predatory behaviour may be a rewarding activity for those species evolved to spend time
in this manner, regardless of the success of eventual food acquisition

Appropriate Environments
What does the evolutionary history of the species tell us about what an animal needs?

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
For example wallowing or bathing behaviour is essential for the behavioural wellbeing of some species, as well as
providing important skin-conditioning

Diversity of Environment
A diverse environment which features different elements will encourage more natural behaviours, such as nesting
behaviours which are an important activity for many species including primates, birds, pigs and bears, and should be
accommodated in captive facilities

2.4 Prenatal Environment

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
in utero (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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perinatal (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.5 Abnormal Behaviour

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.6 Brain Cells

Notes:

Brain cell from normal individual (left)

Individual not exposed to stress in utero.
This cell has lots of connections, meaning it can rapidly communicate with other cells.
In practice this individual may learn things more quickly.

Brain cell from stressed individual (right)

Individual exposed to stress in utero.
This cell has fewer branches, meaning it is less capable of making connections.
In practice this can mean the animal learns more slowly.

Adapted From:
Adapted from S.M. Brown, S. Henning, and C.L. Wellman, Mild, Short-term Stress Alters Dendritic Morphology in Rat
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Cereb. Cortex (November 2005) 15 (11): 1714-1722

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2.7 Current Environment

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.8 Coping

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 What Drives Behaviour
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cope (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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frustrate (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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stress (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.9 Short Term Environmental Stress

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.10 Chronic Environmental Stress

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

2.11 What is this Behaviour?

Correct Choice

X A stereotypy

Feeding behaviour

Mating behaviour

Feedback when correct:

That's right! This is a stereotypic behaviour.

Feedback when incorrect:

This is a stereotypic behaviour - continue to find out more.

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 What Drives Behaviour
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Correct (Slide Layer)

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Incorrect (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.12 What is Stereotypy?

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
Normal motor patterns (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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Slow development (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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With time (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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performed (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.13 Neonatal Environment

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.14 What Causes Stereotypy?

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
suboptimal (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.15 Enriched Habitats

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 What Drives Behaviour
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Barren (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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2.16 Types of Enrichment

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
social (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
cognitive (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera
sensory (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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feeding (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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occupation (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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physical (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3. Internal Factors

3.1 Internal Mechanisms Which Drive Behaviour

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

3.2 What Are the Internal Mechanisms?

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.3 Genetics

Notes:

Resources:
Carlstead, K., et al. (1999). "Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in U.S. zoos: I. individual behavior
profiles and their relationship to breeding success." Zoo Biology.43-71 :)7(81

Shepherdson, D., et al. (2013). "Individual and environmental factors associated with stereotypic
behavior and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in zoo housed polar bears." Applied Animal
Behaviour Science(3-4): 268.

How (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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Physically (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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Temp (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.4 Cognition

Notes:

Definitions:
These definitions come from Goldsmith et al (1987) "Roundtable: What is
temperament? Four approaches" Child Development, 58 (2): 505-529
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1130527

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 What Drives Behaviour
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Personality (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.5 Physiological State

Notes:

Resource:
Danzy, J., et al. (2012). "Sunbathing: A Behavioral Response to Seasonal Climatic Change among South African Vervet
Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)." African Primates :)2(7 Pp. 230-237.

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 What Drives Behaviour
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homeostasis rollover (Slide Layer)

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.6 Emotional State

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3.7 Health State

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.8 Thinking About Behaviours

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.9 Enclosure Enrichment

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.10 Limited Behaviours

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.11 Lower Vertebrates

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 What Drives Behaviour
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3.12 Behavioural Frustration

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 What Drives Behaviour
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1.7 Key Messages

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 What Drives Behaviour
For the Animal Behaviour and Welfare MOOC on Coursera

1.8 Finished!

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 What Drives Behaviour
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1.9 About this Learning Object

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