RAJASTHAN HISTORY

i k"kk. k d ky %
&
(1) ckxkS
j & HkhyokM+
k esadksBkjh unh dsfdukjs
& i ' kq
i kyu dsi zkphure l k{; ; gk¡ feysgS A
a
& i k"kk.kdkyhu v kSt kjka
sdsHkMa kj ; gkafeysgS
A
a
&mR[kuudÙkkZ & ^fojsUnj ukFk feJ*
(2) fryokM+k%& ckM+ esj esaywuh unh dsfdukjsA
; ga
k Hkh i ' kq
i kyu dsl k{; i zkIr gq ; sgS
A
a
& v fXu dq M dsl k{; A
a
& mR[kuudÙkkZ & ^fojsUnj ukFk feJ*
& v U; dsUnz% &
( 3) cq<+kiq"dj ( v t esj)
( 4) t k; y ( ukxkS
j)
( 5) fMMokuk ( ukxkS j)

/ ql H; r k &
fl a
( 1) dkyhca xk%& guq ekux<+ft ysesa?kX?kj unh dsfdukjsA
& v FkZ& dkyh pw fM; ka
& 1952 & l oZ i zFke v eykuUn ?kks"k us[ kkst dhA
& 1961&1969 & okLrfod mR[kuu B.K. Thaper & B.B. Lal usfd; k ( 5 Lrjksard)
& dkyhca xk l si zkd~gM+ Ii k v kS
j fodfl r gM+ Ii k dsv o' ks"k feysgS
A
a
& l oZ iF
zke t qr sgq , [ ksr dsl k{; feysgS A
a
& dkyhca xk dsyksx nksi Q l ysmxk; k djrsFksA& puk] l jl ksa
& v fXu osfndk, ¡ i zkIr gq ; h gS
A
a
` & dkyh ca xk esaydM+ h dh ukfy; kacuh gS A
a
& edku dPph bZ Vksao v ya
a d r̀ bZ
VksadscusFksA
&;q fXer ' kok/ ku i zkIr gq ; sgSA
a
& Hkqd Ei dsv o' ks"k feysgS A
a

[1]
 & 1985&86 bZ - esaHkkjr l jdkj us, d l xza gky; cuok; kA
( 2) l ksFkh l H; r k & chdkusj dsv kl &i kl dh l H; rkA
& v eykuUn ?kks"k usbl sl Ei q . kZgM+ Ikk l H; rk dk mn~ xe LFky dgk gS A bl sdkyhca
a xk i zFke Hkh dgk t krk gS A
a
& nksdsUnz& ( 1) l ka of.k; k ( 2) i w xy
( 3) v kgM+l H; r k &
& orZ eku mn; i qj ft ysesa^v kgM+ * LFky cukl dh l gk; d unh v k; M+@csM+ p unh dsfdukjscl k gq v k FkkA
& pw fd ; g l H; rk cukl unh dsv kl &i kl feyh gS
a ] bl fy, bl scukl l H; rk Hkh dgrsgS
a A
a
& bl ser̀dksadsVhyksadh l H; rk Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& ; gka1 ?kj esa6 l s8 pw YgsfeysgS A bl l sgesal a
a ;qDr i fjokj o l kew fgd Hkkst dh t kudkjh feyrh gS A
a
& ; gk l s, d ; w ukuh eqnzk feyrh gS ] ft l i j ^v i ksy ksa
a * dk fp=k cuk gq v k gS
A
a
& ; gk¡ dkyso yky eǹHkka M feysgS ] ft Ugsaxksjs; k dksB dgrsga
a A
S
& fcuk gRFksdst yi k=k feysgS ] , slst yi k=k gesabZ
a j ku dh l H; rk l si zkIr gq; sgS
At ksbZ
a j ku dsl kFk l EcU/ dks
n' kkZ
r sagS
A
a
& i zkphure uke& v k?kkVi q j ALFkkuh; uke & / w y dksVA
& v kgM+l sgesarka ck xykusdh HkfV`; k¡ i zkIr gq ; h gSA bl fy, bl srkezorh uxjh Hkh dgrsgS
a A
a
& mR[kuudÙkkZ & ( 1) v {k; dhfrZO;kl ( 2) jrupUn v xzoky ( 3) fojsUnzukFk feJ ( 4) ga l eq
[ k / hjt l ka
d fy; kA
& v kgM+l H; rk dsv U; dsUnz&
( 1) fxyq . M & jkt l a
en ( 2) ckykFky & mn; i q j ( 3) v ks>h; k.kk & HkhyokM+ k
ks
egkt ui n d ky
& jkt LFkku esaegkt ui n
( 1) eRL; ( 2) ' kq
j l su ( 3) dq:
orZeku v yoj o t ; i q j jkt / kuh & eFkq j k] jkt / kuh & bUnzizLFk ( fnYYkh)
jkt / kuh & fojkVuxj v yoj] Hkjri q j ] / kS
yi q
j ] djkS
y h dk {kS
=k
v yoj

mrj&dq
: nf{k.k i f' pe&eRL; iw
ohZ
&' kw
j l su
( 4) f' kfo t ui n
& orZ eku fpÙkkS M+x<+v kSj mn; i q
j ft yksaesafLFkr
& jkt / kuh & ekè; fedk ( uxjh & orZ eku uke)
& jkt LFkku dk i gyk mR[kfur LFky & mR[kuudÙkkZ& Mh- v kj- Hka
Mkjdj ( 1904bZ
-)
( 5) ekyo t ui n t kfr
& orZ eku t ; i qj v kS
j Vksa
d
& jkt / kuh& uxj ( Vksad ) ( bl s[ ksM+
k l H; rk Hkh dgrsgS A)
a
& l okZf/ d fl Ddsekyo t ui n dsi zkIr gksrsgS A; sfl DdsjS
a <+uked LFkku l si zkIr gq
, gS
Abl si zkphu Hkkjr dk
a
VkVkuxj dgrsgS A
a

[2]
 ( 6) ; kS ¼s; t ui n
& orZ eku xa xkuxj o guq ekux<+ft ysesafLFkrA
& : nznkeu ( ' kd~' kkl d) dsfxjukj ( t w ukx<+ ) l s; g t kudkjh feyrh gS afd dq "kk.kksadh ' kfDr dks; kS ¼; ksaus
jksd kA
( 7) ' kkYo t ui n & v yoj
( 8) v t q uk; u t ui n&v yoj] Hkjri jq ft yksaesafLFkrA
Z
( 9) jkt U; t ui n& Hkjri q j
& egkt ui n dky esachdkusj v kS j t ks/i q j dsv kl &i kl ds{ks=k dkst ka xy i zns'k dgk t krk FkkA
& chdkusj ds' kkl dksaus^t kxa y / j ckn' kkg* dh mi kf/ dk i z;ksx fd; kA
ekS;Zd ky % &
& cS j kB ( fojkVuxj)
& 1837 bZ - esa^dS IVu cVZ * uscht d i gkM+ h l sv ' kksd dk Hkkczqf' kykys[k [ kkst kA bl esav ' kksd }kjk ckS ¼]l a?k]
/ Ee dsi zfr fu"Bk O;Dr dh x; h gS Av ' kksd dk Hkkczwf' kykys[k orZ
a eku esadydÙkk esaE; w ft ; e esaj[ kk x; k
gSA; gkal s, d ckS
a ¼ Lrw i v kS
j , d ckS ¼ xksy kdkj ea fnj i zkIr gksrk gS A
a
& àsul ka x Hkh ; gkackS ¼ eBksadh i q f"V djrk gS A
a
& dkykUrj esagq . k ' kkl d fefgjdq y usbu ckS ¼ eBksadksu"V dj fn; kA
& t ; i jq dk jkt k l okbZjkefl a g us; gka[ kq nkbZdjok; h FkhAft l esal ksusdh , d ea tw"kk i zkIr gq
; hAl EHkor%bl esa
Hkxoku cq ¼ dsv o' ks"k jgsgksxsa A
& cS j kB l sl okZ f/ d ek=kk esa' kSy fp=k i zkIr gksrsgS A
a
& cS j kB esapVk̀uksaesafy[ kh fyfi dks' ka [ kfyfi dgrsgS A
a
& 1936 bZ - esan; kjke l kguh us; gkadk mR[kuu fd; k FkkA
& 713 bZ - dseku l jksoj ys[k dsv uq l kj ; gkajkt k ^eku ekS ;Z* dk ' kkl u FkkAbl v fHkys[k esapkj ' kkl dksads
uke i zkIr gksrsgS A
a
( 1) egs'oj ( 2) Hkhe ( 3) Hkkst ( 4) eku
& 738 bZ - esad.kl ok ( dksVk) f' koky; dsv fHkys[k l sekS ; Zjkt k / oy dk ft a Ø feyrk gS A bl dsckn gesa
a
jkt LFkku esaekS ; ksZdk dksbZft Ø ughafeyrk gS A
a
ekS; ksZ
Ùkj d ky
&;w ukuh ' kkl d ^feuk.Mj* us150 bZ - esaekè; fedk i j v f/ dkj dj fy; k FkkA
& cS j kB l sgesafeuk.Mj dh 16 ; w ukuh eq nzk, ai zkIr gksrh gS A
a
& Hkjri q j ds^uksg* l sl q xdkyhu 5 ehVj Å¡ph ; {k dh eq
a frZfeyh gS Abl s^t k[ k ckck* dh ew
a frZdgk x; k gS A
a
& guq ekux<+ dsja x egy l sdq "kk.k dkyhu eq nzk, ai zkIr gq ; h gSA
a
& , d xq : & f' k"; dh ew frZfeyh gS A
a
& ja xegy dk mR[kuu MkW DVj ^gUukfjn* usfd; k FkkA ( LohMu)
xqIr dky
& l eq nxzqIr dh i z;kx i z'kfLr dsv uq l kj] ml usjkt LFkku dsx.kra =kksadksv i uh v / hurk Lohdkj djok; h FkhA
a
& dq ekj xq Ir dsl e; c; kuk ( Hkjri q j ) esal okZ f/ d xq Irdkyhu fl Ddsi zkIr gq ; sgSA
a
& cMok ( ckjka ) l sxq Irksadk , d v fHkys[k i zkIr gksrk gS Aft l esaeks[kjh ' kkl dksadk o.kZ
a u gS
A
a
& gq . k ' kkl d ^fefgjdq y * usckM+ ksy h esa, d f' ko ea fnj dk fuekZ . k djok; kA

[3]
 & pkjpkS ek ( dksVk) dk f' ko ea fnj Hkh xq Irdkyhu LFkkIkR; dyk dk mnkjg.k gS A
a
xqIr ksÙkj dky
& xq tZ j i zfrgkjksadh jkt / kuh ^Hkhueky* FkhA
& àsul ka x Hkhueky dks^i h ykseksyks* fy[ krk gS A
a
& czá xq Ir ( Hkkjr dk U;q Vu) Hkhueky dsFksA
&iq Lrdsa& cáLi Q V fl ¼kUr] [ ka
q M [ kkn~ ;d
& dfo ek?k Hkh Hkhueky dsFksAi q Lrd& f' k' kq i ky o/ A
& xq tZ j i zfrgkjksausv jcksadksfl a / l sv kxsc<+ usl sjksd k FkkA
& jk"Vªd w Vksadh , d ' kk[ kk dkykUrj esajkt LFkku esajkBkS M+ds: i esav k; h FkhA
v U; i q j kr kfRod LFky % &
( 1) x.ks'oj & l hdj ft ysesadkUryh unh dsfdukjsA
& x.ks'oj dksrkez;q xhu l H; rkv ksadh t uuh dgrsgS A
a
( 2) l q ukjh & >q >w
a uqft ysaesadkUryh unh dsfdukjsA ykS g; qxhu dsUnzA
( 3) dq j kMk+ & ukxkS j ft ysesa^v kS t kjksadh uxjh*
( 4) bZ l oky & mn; i q j ft ysaesaA ^v kS
| ksfxd uxjh* ( i zkphudky esa; gkal syksgk fudkyk t krk FkkA)
( 5) t ks/i q jk & t ; i qj esal kch unh dsfdukjs
( 6) ufy; kl j & l ka Hkj ( t ; i q
j ) esa
( 7) xjnMk+& cw nh esa( i zkphu Hkkjr dh Rock Painting)
a

esokM+
& xqfgy us 566 bZ - esaesokM+ esa xqfgy oa'k dh LFkki uk dhA
& esokM+l w ;Z
oa
' kh fgUnw' kkl dksa dk ' kkl u FkkA
& fo' o dk l cl s nh?kZ d kyhu oa ' kA
& ; gka ds ' kkl dksadks fgUnq vk l q j t dgk t krk FkkA
& esokM+ds jkt fpUg esa, d i a fDr fy[ kh gq ; h gSa
A
^t ks n`<+jk[ kS/ eZdks] frfg jk[ kSdjrkjAA*
( 1) cki k j koy% &
& okLrfod uke& dkyHkkst
& ; s gkfjr Í f"k dh xk; s pjkrs FksA
& gkfjr Í f"k ds vk'khokZ n l s 734 bZ - esa jkt k eku ekS; Zl s fpÙkkS
M+Nhu fy; kA vkS
j ukxnk dks vi uh tjk/ kuh
cuk; kA
& ; gka i j , dfya x t h dk ea fnj cuok; kA esokM+ds ' kkl d Loa ; dks , dfya
x ukFk (f' ko) t h ds nhoku ekurs
gSa
A
& eq nzk i z.kkyh ' kq
: dhA
( 2) v YyV% &
& okLrfod uke & vkyq jkoy
& bl us ^vkgM+ * dks nw l jk egRoi w . kZdsUnz cuk; kA v kgM+esa ojkg ea fnj cuok; kA

[4]
 & gw . k jkt dq ekjh gfj; knsoh l s ' kknh dhA
& esokM+jkT; esa ukS d j' kkgh dh LFkki uk dhA
(3) t S =kfl a
g%& 1213&1250 bZ -
& Hkwr kyk dk ; q ¼&lq Yrku bYrq r fe' k v kS
j tS =kfl a
g ds eè; ft l esa t S =kfl ag fot ; h jgkA
& bYrq r fe' k us ukxnk dks rckg dj fn; kA bl fy, t S =kfl ag us fprkSM+dks vi uh u; h jkt / kuh cuk; hA
&tS =kfl ag ds l e; dks ^eè; dkyhu esokM+dk Lo.kZ * dky dgrs gS a
A
& Hkwr kyk ; q ¼ dh t kudkjh gesa ^t ; fl a g lw j h* dh i q Lrd ^gEehj en enZ u* l s feyrh gS a
A
(4) jrufl a g % & 1302 & 1303 bZ -
& jrufl a g dk NksVk HkkbZdq EHkdj.k usiky pyk x; k vkS j usiky esa ^jk.kk' kkgh* oa
' k dh LFkki uk dhA
& jrufl ag dh jkuh dk uke i nfeuh Fkk] ; s fl a gy ns'k ds jkt k xU/oZl su vkS j pEikorh dh i q =kh FkhA jk?ok psru
uked , d czkß.k us vykmnhu f[ kyt h dks i n~ feuh dh l q Unjrk ds ckjsa esa crk; kA vykmnhu us fpÙkkS M+i j
vkØe.k dj fn; kA bl vkØe.k ds i zeq [ k dkj.k fuEu FksA
( a) v ykmnhu dh l kezkT; oknh egRokdka {kk
( b) l q Yrku dh i zfr"Bk dk i z'u
ks ( c) fpÙkkS M+ dk l kefjd rFkk O;ki kfjd egRoA +

fpRrkM
S+ dk i gyk l kdk& 25 vxLr 1303 bZ
-
&l kdk ¾dslfj; k $ t kS
gj

& xksjk o ckny uked nks l sukuk; dksa us v n~ Hkqr ohjrk fn[ kk; hA
& vykmnhu us fdys i j vf/ dkj dj fy; kA
& vykmnhu us fdys dk uke f[ kt zkckn dj fn; k vkS j ml s vi us csVs dks f[ kt z [ kka dks ns fn; kA
& dkykUrj esa fpÙkkSM+dk ' kkl u ekynso l ksuxjk dks l kS a
i fn; k x; kA
& ekynso & t kykS j ds dkUgMnso l ksuxjk dk HkkbZFkkA
& bl ekynso dks eq a
Nkyk ekynso ds uke l s Hkh t kuk t krk gS aA
& 1540 bZ - esaefyd eq gEen t k; l h usvi uh i q
Lrd ^i n~ekor* esai n~
feuh dh l q Unjrk dk o.kZ u fd; k gS
a
As;i q
Lrd
^vo/ h* Hkk"kk esa fy[ kh gS
a
A
& ^xksjk ckny jh pkS i kbZ
* uked i q Lrd ^gsejRu l wj h* us fy[ khA

(5) gEehj% & 1326&1364 bZ -

& gEehj us ekynso l ksuxjk ds csVs ^cuohj l ksuxjk* l s fpÙkkS M+NhukA pw a
fd ; g fl l ksnk xkao l s vk; k kFAk
bl fy, esokM+ds jkt k vc fl l ksfn; k dgykus yxsa ] esokM+esa ^jk.kk ' kk[ kk* dh LFkki uk gq
; hA
& fl a
xksy h dk ; q¼% & gEehj V/s eq gEen fcu rq xyd
& dq EHkyx<+i z'kfLr ea s gEehj dks fo"ke ?kkVh i apkuu (fodV ; q ¼ksa esa ' ksj ds l eku) dgk x; k gS a
A
& ^jfl d fi z;k* esa gEehj dks ohj jkt k dgk x; k gS a
A
& fpÙkkSM+ ds fdys esa ^vUui w . kkZea
fnj* (cjoM+ h ekrk) dk fuekZ. k djok; kA cjoM+ h ekrk esokM+ds fl sfln;kk oa
'k
dh bZ "V nsoh gS a
A dqy nsoh ck.k ekrkA
(6) jk.kk yk[ kk% & (jk.kk y{kfl a g) 1382&1421 bZ -A
& ^t koj* esa pkanh dh [ kku fudy x; hA
& , d cUt kjs us ^fi Nksy k >hy* dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& (uVuh dk pcw r jk & fi Nksy k >hy ds i kl gS a
A)
& dq EHkk gkM+
k udyh cw a
nh dh j{kk djrs gq ; s ekjk x; kA
[5]
 & jk.kk yk[ kk dh ' kknh ekjokM+ds jko pw a
Mk dh i q
=kh ga
l k ckbZds l kFk gq
bZ
A
& bl vol j i j yk[ kk ds csVs pw Mak us ; g i zfrKk dh esokM+dk vxyk jk.kk og u cudj gl ka ckbZds i q
=k dks
cuk, xkA
& , slh i zfrKk ds dkj.k pw Ma
k dks ^esokM+dks Hkh"e fi rkeg* dgrs gS a
A
& bl cfynku ds cnys pw Ma
k ds oa' kt ks dks (pw
Mkor) gjkoy esa jgus dk l kS
a HkkX; i zkIr gq
v kA
gjkoy & l sukdk vfxze Hkkx A
& l ywEcj uked l cl s cMk fBdk.kk bUgsa fn; k x; kA
& jkt / kuh esa jk.kk dh vuq i fLFkfr esa l yw
Ecj dk jkor ' kkl u dk; Zl a
Hkkyrk FkkA
& esokM+ds ' kkl dksa (jk.kk) dk jkt fryd ] l yw Ecj dk jkor gh djrk FkkA

(7) eksd y% & 1421&1433 bZ -A (gal k ckbZdk csVk)

& gal k ckbZds vfo' okl dh ot g l s pw Ma
k esokM+NksM+
d j ekyok pyk x; kA
& vc eksd y dk l a j {kd gal k ckbZdk HkkbZj.key cu x; kA
& eksd y us fpÙkkS
M+esa ^l fe¼s'oj ea fnj* dk i q
u%fuekZ. k djok; kA
& , dfyax t h ds eafnj dk i jdksVk cuok; kA
& 1433bZ- esat hyokM+k uked LFkku i j pkpk] esjk] egi k i aokj us eksd y dh gR;k dj nhA

(8) jk.kk dq EHkk%& 1433&1468 bZ -A

& dqEHkk dh ekrk dk uke & l kS HkkX; orh i jekj
& j.key jk.kk dq EHkk dk l aj {kd FkkA
& esokM+ds njckj esajkBkS M+
ksadk i zHkko c<+jgk FkkA mUgksusapw aMk ds HkkbZjk?ko nso fl l ksfn;dh
k gR;k dj nh FkhA
& jkBkSM+
ks ds bl i zHkko dks [ kRe djus ds fy, galkckbZus pw a
Mk dks ekyok l s esokM+oki l cq y ok; kA
& j.key dh ml dh i zsfedk ^Hkkjeyh* dh l gk; rk l s gR;k dj nh x; hA
& j.key dk csVk t ks/k vi usvU; Hkkb; ksadsl kFk Hkkx t krk gS a
A os chdkusj ds i kl dkgq uh uked xkaoesa' kj.k
ysrk gS a
A
& pwaMk us ea MkS
j i j geyk djds vf/ dkj dj fy; kA
& gaa
l k ckbZdh eè; LFkrk l s dq Hka
k o t ks/k ds chp l af/ gq ; h bl l a f/ dks ^vk¡oy ck¡oy dh l fU/* (1453)
dgrs gS a
A
& 1437 bZ -%
& ^l kaj xi q
j dk ; q ¼* & dq EHkk V/s egew n f[ kyt h ( ekyok dk l q Yrku)
& dq EHkk bl ; q¼ esafot ; h jgrk gS A bl fot ; dsmi y{; esafpÙrkS
a M+ea sfot ; LrEHk dk fuekZ . k djokrk
gSA
a
& fot ; Lr EHk& v U; uke& dhfrZLrEHk] fo".kqèot ] x: M+èot ] eq frZ
; ksadk v t k; c?kj] Hkkjrh; ew frZ
d yk
dk fo' odks"kA
& 122 i Q VyEck] 30 i Q
q VpkS
q M+
k gS A ukSea
a ft yk bekjr gSA
a
& bl dh rhl jh ea ft y esa9 ckj v Yykg fy[ kk gS A
a
& okLrq d kj& t Sr k o ml dsi q =k uki k]i q
t k]i ksekA
a
& bl esadhfrZ LrEHk i z'kfLr fy[ kh x; h gS Aft l dh jpuk v =kh o ml dscsVsegs'k usdh FkhA
a
& bl dk Åi jh Hkkx {kfrxzLr gksusi j egkjkt k Lo: i fl a g usml dk i q ufuZek.k djok; k FkkAs
& duZ y t sEl VkW M usbl dh rq y uk ^dq rq
cehukj* l sdh gS A
a
& ^i QX; q
Z
l u* usbl sjkse dsVkt Z u l sHkh Js"B crk; k gS A
a
& jkt LFkku i q
fyl RkFkk jkt LFkku ekè; fed f' k{kk cksMZdk i zrhd fpUg gS A
a
[6]
 & jkt LFkku dh i gyh bekjr ft l i j ^Mkd fVdV* t kjh fd; k x; kA ( 15 v xLr 1949)
& dksbl i j 1 : i ; sdk Mkd fVdV t kjh gq v kA

* tSu d hfr Z Lr EHk % & 12 oha' krkCnhesa, d t S

u O;ki kjht ht k ' kkg c?ksjoky usbl dkfuekZ
.k
djok; k FkkAl kr ea
ft yk bekjr gS
at ksHkxoku v kfnukFk dksl efi Z r gS A
a

& 1456bZ - ( pEi kusj dh l a

f/ ) %& ekyok dsegew n f[ kyt h v kS
j xqt jkr dsdq
rq
cq
í hu dschp] nksuksaus
feydj , d l kFk dq EHkk i j v kØe.k djusdh ; kst uk cuk; hA
& cnukS j ds; q¼ esadq EHkk bu nkusksadh l a
;qDr l suk dksgjkrk gS A
a
& fl jksgh ds^l gl ey nsoM+ k* dksgjkrk gaA
& ukxkSj ds' kEl [ kkadkseq t kfgn [ kkadsf[ kyki Ql gk; rk nsrk gS
A
a

* dq
EHkk dh mi kf/ ; ka
%
&
( 1) fgUnql q j rk.k A
( 2) v fHkuo Hkjrkpk; Z A( l a
xhrK dsdkj.k)
( 3) jk.kkSjkl kS( l kfgR;dkjksadk v kJ; nkrk) A
( 4) gky xq : ( i gkM+ h fdyksadkst hrusokyk)
( 5) nkuxq :A
( 6) Nki xq: ( Nki kekj ; q¼ i z.kkyh)

* dq
EHkk dk LFkkIR; dyk esa; ksxnku%
&
^' ; keynkl * dh i q Lrd& ^ohj fouksn* dsv uq l kj esokM+ds84 nq xksZesal s32 dk fuekZ. k jk.kk dq
EHkk us
djok; k FkkA
( 1) dq EHkyx<+( jkt l eUn)
okLrq d kj & ea MuA
dqEHkyx<+dk Åi jh Hkkx ^dVkjx<+ * dgykrk gS A ; g dq
a EHkk dk fut h v kokl FkkAbl s^esokM+dh
v ka
[ k* dgrsgS A
a
( 2) v pyx<+( fl jksgh) dsfdysdk i q ufuZek.k djok; k
( 3) cl Urh nq xZ( fl jksgh)
( 4) epku nq xZ( fl jksgh)
( 5) HkkseB nq xZ& HkkseB dsi Bkj i j ( Mq xji q
a j & cka l okM+k)
& dq EHk Lokeh dk ea fnj cuok; kA rhuksafdyksaesa
& fpÙkkS M+esas] dqEHkyx<+o v pyx<+esa A
& dq EHkk dsl e; esa1439 bZ - esa/ j.kd' kkg usj.kdi q j dst S u ea fnj cuk, A pkSeq
[ kk ea
fnj & j.kdi qj ds
tS u ea fnjksaesa, d ea fnj gS
A bl esa1444 LrEHk gS
a A bl fy, bl sLrEHkksadk v t k; c?kj dgrsgS
a A
a
& bl dk okLrq d kj nsikd FkkA

* dq
EHkk , d v PNk l a
xhrK FkkAo bl dsl a
xhr xq
: Fks^l kjxaO;kl * dq
EHkk }kjk jfpr l a
xhr xzUFk%
( 1) l w
M+i zcU/
( 2) dkejkt jfrl kj
( 5) l a
xhr jkt & l cl sog̀r , ao fl jekS
j xzUFkA bl dsi ka
p Hkkx gSA
a
( 1) i kB~
; jRu dks"k ( 2) xhr jRu dks"k ( 3) uR̀; jRu dks"k ( 4) ok| jRu dks"k ( 5) jl jRu dks"kA

[7]
 ( 6) l xahr l q
/k
( 7) l a
xhr ehaekl k
( 8) t ; nso dh xhr xksfoUn i j jfl d fi z;k uked Vhdk fy[ khA
( 9) p.Mh ' krd i j Vhdk fy[ khA
( 10) l xahr jRukdj i j Vhdk fy[ kh gS A
a
&
* nj ckj h fo} ku%
& ( 1) dkUg O;kl & ^, dfya x egkRe; *
& , dfya x egkRE; dsi gysHkkx dh jpuk dq EHkk usdh Fkh] ft l sjkt o.kZ u dgk t krk gS
A
a
& ( 2) ea Mu& ( 1) okLrql kj ( 2) nsoew frZi zd j.k ( : i korkj) ( 3) jkt oYyHk
( 4) : IkeaMu ( ew
frZd yk) ( 5) dksna M eMa u ( / ufoZ
/ k)
& ( 3) ukFkk ( eMau dk HkkbZ) & okLrq eat jh
& ( 4) xksfoUn ( eMa u dk csVk) & 1- dyk fuf/ 2- }kj nhfi dk 3- m¼kj / ksfj.khA
& ( 5) jekckbZ& dq EHkk dh csVh jek ckbZHkh , d v PNh l a xhrKk FkhA jek ckbZdkst koj dk i jxuk
fn; kA

& dq
EHkk dh gR;k ml dscsVsmnk usdq
EHkyx<+fdysesadj nh FkhA

( 9) l xakzefl a
g ( l ka
xk) ( 1509&1527 bZ
-)

i F̀ohjkt & l ka
xk dk cM+k HkkbZ
A
& jk; ey dk T; s"B i q=kA
& bl s^mM+ uk jkt dq
ekj* dsuke l st kursgSA
a
& v i uh i Ruh ^rkjk* dsuke i j bl usv t esj dsfdysdk i q
ufuZ
ek.k djokdj bl srkjkx<+uke fn; kA
& i F̀ohjkt dh ^12 [ kEHkksadh Nrjh* dqEHkyx<+dsfdysesacuh gq ; h gS
A
a

t ; ey& l ka
xk dk HkkbZ
A
& t ; ey l kS
ya
fd; ksadsf[ kyki QyM+
r k gq
v k ekjk x; kA( rkjk dsfi rk dk uke l q
j rk.k l kS
ya
d h FkkA)

& , d pkj.k efgyk dh Hkfo"; ok.kh l q udj i F̀ohjkt o t ; ey usl ka xk i j v kØe.k dj fn; k FkkA l ka
xk
dksv i uk , d gkFk [ kksuk i M+ kA l kxak ogkal sHkkxdj l soU=kh xka o ds: i ukjk; .k eafnj esai a
gq
prk gS
A
a ; gka
i j ekjokM+dk chnk t S r ekyskr ( jkBkSM+ksadh mi ' kk[ kk) l ka
xk dh j{kk djrk gS Achnk j{kk djrsgq
a ;s
yM+ r k gq
v k ekjk t krk gS
A
a
& l ka
xk ; gkal sJhuxj ( v t esj) esadeZ pUn i aokj ds; gka' kj.k ysrk gS A
a
& [ kkrksy h ( dksVk) dk ; q¼ ( 1517 bZ -)
bu nksuksa; q¼ksesafnYyh dsl q Yrku bczkfge yksnh dksgjk; kA
& ckM+ h ( / kSyi q
j ) dk ; q
¼ ( 1519bZ -) %
&
& 1519 bZ - xkxjkSu ds; q¼ esaekyok dsl q Yrku egew n f[ kyt h f}rh; dksgjkrk gS A
a
* bl l e; xkxjkS u dk fdyk l ka xk dsnksLr ^esfnuh jk; * ( pUnsjh dsjkt k) dsi kl FkkA
& xqt jkr dh fj; kl r bZ Mj dsmÙkjkf/ dkj dsi z'u i j xq t jkr dsjkt k ^eq
t Ýi Qj ' kkg f}rh; * dksgjk; kA
& c; kuk ds; q ¼ esal ka
xk] ckcj dksgjkrk gS A ( 16 i Q
a jojh 1527bZ -)
& [ kkuok d k ; q ¼ & 17 ekpZ1527 b-ZA
& ckcj bl ; q ¼ l si gyst sgkn dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gS A
a
[8]
 & eql yekuksal s^rexk dj* gVk fn; k x; kA
& ' kjkc dsO;fDrxr l sou i j jksd A
& jk.kk l ka
xk ; q
¼ l si gysjkt LFkku dh yxHkx l eLr fj; kl rksadks; q
¼ esal gk; rk dsfy, i =k fy[ krk gS
] bl s
a
i krh i jou dgrsgS A
a

& [ kkuok ds; q ¼ esaHkkx ysusokysv U; jkt kA

& v kesj& i F̀ohjkt dNokgk
& pUnsjh& esfnuh jk;
& chdkusj& dY; k.k ey ( t S r l h dk i q
=k)
& t ks/i qj ( ekjokM+ ) & ekynso ( xka xk dk i q =k)
& esM+ r k& ohje nso
& fl jksgh& v [ kSj kt nsoM+k
& okxM+ & mn; fl a g ( Mqxji q
a j &ck¡l okM+
k)
& esokr& gl u [ kkaesokrhA
& bczkfge yksnh dk NksVk HkkbZegew n yksnhA
&;q ¼ esal ka xk dh v ka [ k esarhj yxusl sml s; q ¼ eS nku l sekynso ckgj ysx; kA>kyk v Tt k usfi Q j ;q
¼ dk
usrR̀o fd; kA
&;q ¼ esackcj dh dh t hr gksx; hA
& ?kk; y l ka xk dkscl ok ( nkS l k) yk; k x; kA
& l ka
xk dks; q ¼jr @; q ¼ mUeq Dr ns[kdj bZ j hp& ( M.P.) esal kFkh l jnkjks}kjk t gj nsd j ekj fn; k x; kAdkyi h
uked LFkku i j l ka xk dh eR̀;qgksxbZ A ( l ekf/ & ekMa y x<+
)
& l ka
xk dks^l S fudksadk HkXuko' ks"k* rFkk ^fgUnw i r* dgrsgS A
a

( 10) jk.kk foØekfnR; 1531&1536 bZ -

& budh ekajkuh dekZ orh budh l ja f{kdk FkhA
& budsl e; 1533 bZ - esaxq t jkr dsjkt k cgknq j ' kkg usv kØe.k fd; kAfi Q
j la
f/ esaj.kFkEHkkS j dk fdyk esokM+
okykasuscgknq j ' kkg dksnsfn; kA
& 1534 bZ - esafi Q j cgknq j ' kkg usfpÙkkSM+i j v kØe.k fd; k bl dsckn jkuh dekZ orh usgq ek; q
adsi kl jk[ kh Hkst dj
l gk; rk dksxq gkj dhA
& bl l e; esokM+dk nw l jk l kdk gq v kA
& nsofy; k ds^ck?kfl a g* dsusrR̀o esadslfj; k fd; k x; kA jkuh dekZ orh ust kS
gj fd; kA
& ^mM+ uk jkt dq ekj i F̀ohjkt * dsnkl h i q =k cuohj dksesokM+dk ' kkl u Hkkj fn; k x; k
& cuohj usfoØekfnR; dh gR;k dj nhA
& cuohj mn; fl a g dksekjusdsfy, x; k i j i Uuk / k; usv i uscsVspUnu dh cfy nsd j mn; fl a g dkscpk fy; kA
( 11) mn; fl a g 1537&1572 bZ -A
& i Uuk/ k; mn; fl a g dksysd j dq EHkyx<+t krh gS A dq
a EHkyx<+dk fdysnkj v k' kk nsoi q
j k bUgsa' kj.k nsrk gS
A
a
& v [ kjskt l kSUnjk usv i uh csVh t ; oa r k ckbZdh ' kknh mn; fl a
g dsl kFk dhA
& t ks/i q
j dsjkt k ekynso dsl eFku Z l scuohj dksgjkdj 1540 bZ - esaekoyh ds; q ¼ esacuohj dksgjkdj
mn; fl ag egkjk.kk curk gS A
a
[9]
 & 1559 bZ - esamn; fl a
g ^mn; i q
j * dh LFkki uk djrk gS A bl h l e; mn; l kxj >hy dk fuekZ
a . k djrk gS A
a
& 1567&68 bZ - esav dcj dk fpÙkkS M+i j v kØe.kA
& mn; fl a
g fpÙkkS
M+dsfdysdh pkch ^t ; ey* ( esM+ r k dk jkt k) dksl kSi dj Loa
a ; ^fxjok dh i gkfM+
; ksa
* es
apyk
x; kA
& t ; ey , oai Qrk dsusrR̀o esal kdk fd; k x; kA
& t ; ey t [ eh gksusdsdkj.k ^dYyk jkBkS M+
* dsda / si j cS
Bdj yM+ sFksA
& bl fy, dYyk jkBkS M+dkspkj gkFkksadsyksd nsork ds: i esai w t k t krk gSA
a
& v dcj bu nksuksadh ohjrk l si zHkkfor gksd j bu nksuksadh xt k: <+ew frZ
; kav kxjk dsfdysi j yxokrk gS A
a
& chdkusj esat w
ukx< fdysdsckgj Hkh budh ew frZ
; kayxh gq bZgSA
a
& ; g fpÙkkS
M+dk rhl jk l kdk FkkA
& bl ; q¼ dsckn mn; fl a g v i uh jkt / kuh xksxq
Unk cukrk gS A
a
& xksxq
Unk esagh mn; fl a
g dh Nrjh cuh gq ; h gS
A
a

( 12) egkj k. kk i zrki 1572&1597 bZ -A

& t Ue & 9 ebZ1540 bZ - esa( dqEHkyx<+)
& ekrk & t ; osrk ckbZ
& i Ruh v t eknsda oj
& cpi u dk uke & dhdk ( NksVk cPpk)
& mn; fl ag usi zrki dsNksVsHkkbZt xeky dksjkt k cuk; k ysfdu esokM+dsl kea r ksausi zrki dksjkt k ?kksf"kr dj
fn; kA xkxsq
Unk esajkt fryd fd; k x; kA
& dq EHkyx<+dsfdysesanq ckjk jkt fryd fd; k x; kA
& i zrki dksl e>kusdsfy, v dcj }kjk Hkst sx; snw r & 1- t yky [ kkadksjph 2- ekufl a g
3- Hkxoar nkl 4- VksMjey
& gYnh?kkVh d k ; q ¼%18 t w u 1576 bZesa A
& i zrki V/s v dcj
& v dcj dsl suki fr ekufl a g o v kl i Q[ kk FksA
& fegrj [ kkauked l S fud usv dcj dsv kusdh >w Bh l w
puk nhA
& psrd ds?kk; y gksusdsdkj.k i zrki ; ¼ q dseS nku l sckgj pyk x; kA>kyk chnk ( eku) ; q ¼ dk usrR̀o djrk
gSA
a
& i zrki dh rji Ql sgkfde [ kkal w j rFkk i w
t k Hkhy yM+
a sFksA
& psrd dh Nrjh cyhpk esagS A
a
& bl ; q ¼ dksbfrgkl dkjksa}kjk fn, x, fofHkUu uke& 1- v cq y iQ t y& [ keukS j dk ; q ¼ 2- cnka ;w
uh& xksxq Unk
dk ; q¼ ( bl ; q¼ esa[ kq
n v k; k Fkk) 3- t sEl VkWM& esokM+dh FkeksZ
i ksy h 4- v kn' khZy ky JhokLro& ckn' kkg ckx
dk ; q¼A
& gYnh?kkVh ; q ¼ dsckn Hkkek' kkg o ml dsHkkbZrkjkpa n usi zrki dh v kfFkZd l gk; rk dhA( pw fy; k uked xz ke
esa
)
&dq EHky x<+ d k ; q ¼% & ( 1577]78]79b-Z)
& v dcj dsl suki fr ' kkgckt [ kkausdq EHkyx<+i j rhu ckj v kØe.k fd; kA ml usdq EHkyx<+i j v f/ dkj dj
fy; k ysfdu i zrki dksi dM+ugh l dkA
[10]
 ` & fnosj d k ; q
¼% &(1582bZ -)
& i zrki usv dcj dsl suki fr l q
Yrku [ kku dksekjdj ; q
¼ t hr fy; kAt sEl VkW
M usbl ; q
¼ dksesokM+dk esjkFku
dgk gS A
a

& 1585 bZ - ea
sv dcj ust xUukFk dPNokgk dksi zrki dsfo: ¼ Hkst kA; g v dcj dk i zrki dsf[ kyki Qv fUre
v fHk; ku FkkA
& i zrki uspko.Mdksv i uhjkt / kuh cuk; kA; gkai j pkeq
. Mk ekrk dk efUnj cuok; kA; gkal sesokM+dhfp=kdyk
i zkjEHk gq
bZ
A
& pko.M esai zrki dh eR̀;qgqbZA ( 19 t uojh 1597bZ -) A cka
Mksy h esai zrki dh v kB [ kEHkksadh Nrjh gS
A
a

( 13) v ejfl a g 1597&1620 bZ -A

&5 iQ jojh 1615 bZ- & eqxy$esokM+l a f/ ( t agkxhj dsdky esa )
& gfjnkl >kyk o ' kq Hkdj.k nksuksaesokM+dh rji Ql sl a f/ dk i zLrko ysd j x, A
& ' krsZ
%& eq xy njckj esa; qojkt d.kZ fl ag t k; sxkA
& d.kZ fl a
g dksi kap gt kj dk eul cnkj cuk; k x; kA
& fpRrkS M+dsfdysdh ejEer ughadh t k; sxhA
& esokM+l soS okfgd l EcU/ ughacuk; k t k; sxkA
& egkjk.kk v ejfl a g usbl ckr l snq %[ kh gksd j ' kkl u i zcU/ d.kZ
fl a
g dksl kSi fn; kAog Lo; a^ukSpkS
a d h* uked
jkt LFkku i j t kdj jgusyxkA

( 14) d.kZ fl a
g 1620&1628 bZ - rd
& mn; i qj esat xea fnj egyksadk fuekZ . k ' kq
: djok; kA
& ' kkgt gkafonzksg dsnkSj ku t xeafnj esa' kj.k ysrk gSA
a
& mn; i qj esaegy cuk, % & fny[ kq' k egy o d.kZfoykl egy

( 15) t xrfl ag i zFke 1628&1652 bZ -A

& t xea
fnj egyksadk fuekZ .k i w
j k djok; kA
& mn; i q
j esat xnh' k ( t xUukFk ea fnj) dk fuekZ. k djok; kA bl sl i usl scuk ea fnj dgrsgS A
a
& bl ea fnj i j t xUukFk jk; i z'kfLr ( d`".k HkV` us) fy[ kh gq
; h gSA
a
& 1631 bZ - esa' kkgt a
gk usl q
t kufl ag dksesokM+l sv yx ' kkgi q j k ( HkhyokM+
k) fj; kl r nsnhA
& t xnh' k ea
fnj dsi kl okyk / k; dk ea fnj egkjk.kk dh / k; ukS twckbZ}kjk cuok; k x; kA

( 16) jkt fl a g 1652&1680 bZ - rd

& mÙkjkf/ dkj l a ?k"kZesav kS
ja
xt sc dk l eFkZu fd; kA
& t ks/i qj dsegkjkt k v t hrfl ag dksv kSja
xt sc dsf[ kyki Ql eFkZ u nsrk gS
Abl sjkBkS
a M+& fl l ksfn; k xBcU/u dgrs
gS
A
a
& v kSj xat sc dst ft ; k dj dk fojks/ fd; k Fkk
& : i ux<+( fd' kux<+ ) dh jkt dq ekjh pk: erh l segkjk.kk jkt fl a
g usv kS
ja
xt sc dh bPNk dsfo: ¼ fookg fd; kA
& bl fookg l si w oZgq , ;q¼ esal yw Ecj dk jkor jrufl a g pw . Mkor v i uh i Ruh gkM+
h jkuh l gyda oj l sfu' kkuh
[11]
 eka
xrk gSA
a
& gkMh jkuh l gyda oj fu' kkuh dsrkS
j i j v i uk fl j dkV dj nsrh gS
A
a
^^pw
Mkor eka
a xh l suk.kh] fl j dkV nsfn; ks{k=kk.kh**

& j kt fl a
g ds fuekZ . k dk; Z %&
& 1- JhukFk ea fnj& fl gkM+( ukFk}kjk) 2- }kfjdk/ h' k ea fnj& dka
d jksy h 3- v Eckekrk ea fnj& mn; i q
j 4- jkt l a
en
>hy& 1662 l s1676 dsnkS j ku v dky jkgr dk; ksZesafuekZ
. k fd; k x; kA
& j kt fl a
g ds nj ckj h fo} ku% &
& 1- j.kNkM s+HkV~V rSyax& ( 1) jkt i z'kfLr& jkt l ea n >hy dsi kl i PPkhl i RFkjksai j fy[ kh xbZ
AHkkjr dk l cl s
cM+ kl aLdr̀ f' kykys[kA ( 2) v ej dkO; oa ' kkoyhA
& 2- fd' kkjsnkl & jkt i zd k' kA
& 3- l nkf' ko HkV~ V& jkt jRukdjA
& j kt fl a
g d h mi kf/ ; k¡% &
& 1- fot ; dVdkrq 2- gkbMªksfyd : yj

( 17) v ejfl a g f}rh; 1698&1710 bZ -A

& 1708 bZ - esansckjh l e>kSr kA & esokM jk.kk v ejfl a g f}rh; $ v kesj dsjkt k l okbZt ; fl a g $ ekjokM+jkt k
v t hrfl g aAeq xy ckn' kkg cgknq j ' kkg i zFke dsf[ kyki Q A
& v ejfl a g dh csVh pUnzd a oj dh ' kknh l okbZt ; fl a g dsl kFk bl ' krZi j dh x; h fd pUnzd a oj dk csVk gh
v kesj ( t ; i q j ) dk v xyk jkt k cusxkA
( 18) l a xzkefl a
g f}rh; & 1710&1734 bZ -A
& bl usmn; i q j esal gsfy; ksadh ckM+ h dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& gq j M+k l Eesy u dh : i js[kk rS ; kj dhA
& l hl jek xka o esaoS| ukFk dk fo' kky ea fnj cuok; k , oaoS | ukFk ea
fnj dhi z'kfLr fy[ kokbZxbZA: i HkV~ V usfy[ khA
( 19) t xrfl a g f}rh; 1734&51 bZ -A
& t xr foykl egy ( fi Nksy k >hy esa )
& 17 t q y kbZ1734 bZesagq j M+
k l Eesy u cq y k; k x; kA
& mís'; & ejkBksadsf[ kyki Ql Hkh jkt i w r fj; kl rksadks, d djukA
& o"kkZÍ rql ekIr gksrsgh ^jkei q j k* esaejkBksadsf[ kyki Q; q ¼ fd; k t k, xkA
& t ;iq j & l okbZt ; fl a g
& t ks/i q j & v Hk; fl ag
& dksVk & nq tZul ky
& chdkusj & t ksjkojfl a g
& djkS y h & xksikyfl a g
& fd' kux<+ & jkt fl a g
& cw nh
a & nysy fl a g
& ukxkS j & c[ rfl a g
& v è; {krk & t xrfl a g f}rh; usdhA
& l okbZt ; fl a g dksv è; {k ughacuk; k x; k bl h ot g l smudsukjkt gksusi j gq j M+
k l Eesy u v l i Q
y jgkA
[12]
 & njckjh usd jke ^t xrfoykl * uked i q
Lrd fy[ khA

( 20) Hkhefl a g 1778&1828 bZ -A

& d `". kk dqekj h fookn% &
& esokM+egkjk.kk Hkhefl a g dh i q =kh d`".kkdq
ekjh dh l xkbZekjokM+dsjkt k Hkhefl a g dsl kFk gqbZ
A
&l a; ksxo' k ' kknh l si gysgh ekjokM+jkt k Hkhefl a g dh eR̀;qgksx; hA
& v r%d`".kk dq ekjh dh l xkbZt ; i jq ujs'k t xrfl a
g dsl kFk dj nh x; hA
& ekjokM+egkjkt k ekufl a g usbl ckr i j v ki fÙk t rkbZ A
& 1807bZ - fxaxksy h dk ; q
¼ ukxkS j esai jcrl j dsi kl A t ; i q
j V/s t ks/i q
j
& bl fookn dksl ekIr djusdsfy, v t hrfl a g pw . Mkor o v ehj [ kkafi a
Mkjh ( Vksa
d ) dsdgusi j d`".kk
dqekjh dkst gj nsd j ekj fn; k x; kA
& 1818 bZ - esaHkhefl ag usv a
xzst ksadsl kFk l gk; d l af/ dj yhA

[13]
 kkss

ekjokM+dsjkBkS
M+
ksdk bfrgkl
& ekjokM+dsjkBkS
Mksdksnf{k.k Hkkjr dsjk"Vªd w
V ; k dUukS
t dsjkBkS
M+
ksdk oa
' kt crk; k t krk gS
a
A

( 1) jko l hgk% &

& i kyhoky czká.kksadh l gk; rk dsfy, jko l hgk cnk; w
al s1240 bZ
- esa[ ksM+
k ( ckyksrjk) v krk gS
A v kjS
a
v i uh jkt / kuh cukrk gS
A
a
& jko l hgk dks& ^jkt LFkku dsjkBkS
M+
ksdk v kfni q
: "k* dgk t krk gS
A
a
& 1273 bZ
- esaxk; ksadh j{kk djrsgq
; sjko l hgk i kyh dschBwxka
o esaekjk t krk gS
A
a
& chBwxka
o esajko l hgk dk Lekjd cuk gq v k gS
A
a

( 2) jko / w
gM%+& ; g dukZ
Vd l sdq y nsoh ^ukx.ksph* dh ew frZysd j v krk gS
A
a
& bl sckM+esj xka
o dsukxk.kk xka
o esaLFkkfi r fd; k x; k gS
A
a
& budsNksVsHkkbZdk uke ^/ ka/ y* FkkA; syksd nsork i kcwt h dsfi rk FksA

( 3) jkoy eYyhukFk% &

& jkt LFkku dsi zfl ¼ yksd nsork
& bUgksusav i uh jkt / kuh ^esokuxj* ( ukdksM+
k) cuk; hA
& eYyhukFk dsuke i j gh ekjokM+{ks=k dksekyk.kh dgrsgS A
a
& HkkbZ& ^ohje* ( eYyhukFk usv i uscsVst xeky dksjkt k u cukdj ohje dksjkt k cuk fn; kA)

( 4) pw. Mk%
&
& ^bUnk* ( i zfrgkj) ' kkl dksuspw
. Mk dksngst ds: i esae.MkS
j fn; kA ea
Mksj dksjkt / kuh cuk; kA

( 5) jko t ks/k 1438&1489 bZ -A

& 1459 bZ - esat ks/i q
j ' kgj dh LFkki uk djrk gSA
a
& fpfM+ ; k Va
d i gkM+
w h i j esgjkux<+fdyk cuokrk gS A
a
& esgjkux<+fdysdh uha o ^dj.khekrk* usj[ kh FkhA
& t ks/k ds5 osai q =k chdk uschdkusj dh LFkki uk dhA

( 6) ekynso 1531&1564 bZ -A
& v i usfi rk xka
xk dh gR;k djds' kkl d cukA bl fy, bl sfi rg̀a r k ' kkl d dgrsgS A
a
& ft l l e; ekynso dk jkt fryd gq v kA rc ml dsi kl t ks/i q
j o i kyh ( l kst r) nksgh i jxusFksA
& dkykra j esaekynso usv i uh l kezkT; oknh uhfr dsrgr 52 ; q ¼ksads}kjk 58 i jxust hrsFksA

i kgsck d k ; q¼ 1541bZ - esa

A
& ekynso V/s t S r l h ( chdkusj)
& ekynso bl ; q ¼ dkst hrrk gS ao t S r l h yM+r sgq
, ekjk t krk gS
A
a
&tS r l h dk csVk dY; k.key ' ksj' kkg l wj h dsi kl pyk t krk gSA
a

[14]
 & ekynso usohjenso l sesM+ r k Nhu fy; kA
& ohjenso Hkh ' ksj' kkg l w j h l st kdj fey t krk gS A
a
ekynso&gq ek; w¡ l EcU/%&
& ' kjs' kkg l sgkjusdsckn gq ek; w
at c i QykSnh ( t ks/i q j ) esaFkk] rc ml usekynso dsi kl v i usnw r Hksts&
& jk; ey l skuh
& v rdk [ kka
& ehj l esn
& ekynso usHkh l dkjkRed mÙkj fn; k o gq ek; w
adk chdkusj i jxuk nsusdk oknk fd; kA
& gqek; w av fo' okl dh ot g l st ks/i q j u v kdj fl a / dh rji Qpyk x; kA
fxj h l q esy d k ; q ¼ ( t uojh1544 bZ -)
& bl st S r kj.k dk ; q ¼ Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& ekynso V/s ' ksj' kkg l w j hA
& v fo' okl dh ot g l sekynso i hNsgV t krk gS A
a
& ekynso dh l suk dsnksl sukuk; d t S r k o dw i k ' ksj' kkg dsf[ kyki QyM+
a kbZdjrsgS A
a
& ' kjs' kkg eq f' dy l sbl ; q ¼ dkst hr i krk gS A v r%' ksj' kkg dseq
a g l scjcl gh fudy x; k& eq Bh Hkj
ckt jsds[ kkfrj eS afgUnq Lrku dh l Yrur [ kksnsrkA ' ksj' kkg ust yky [ kkat yokuh dh v kjf{kr Vq d Mh
dh l gk; rk l s; q ¼ t hrk FkkA
& ' kjs' kkg v kxsc<+ d j t ks/i q
j i j v f/ dkj dj ysrk gS A [ kokl [ kkadkst ks/i q
a j l kS
i fn; k FkkA
a
& ekynso fl ok.kk ( ckM+ esj) pyk x; kA
& fl ok.kk dks^jkBkS M+ksdh ' kj.kLFkyh* dgrsgS A' ksj' kkg dst krsgh ekynso ust ks/i q
a j ij iq u%v f/ dkj
dj ysrk gS A
a

& ekynso dh jkuh mek nsdks^: Bh jkuh* dgk t krk gS A

a
& ; st Sl yesj dsyw . kdj.k dh csVh FkhA
& bUgksusav i uk dqN l e; rkjkx<+fdyk ( v t esj) o v a fre l e; esokM+dsdsy ok xka o esafcrk; kA
& ^v cqy iQ t y* v dcjukek esaekynso dh rkjhi Qcrkrk gS A
a
& cnk; wuh & ekynso dks ^Hkkjr dk egku~i q : "kkFkhZjkt dqekj* crkrk gSA
a
& ekynso dh mi kf/ ; k% ¡& ( 1) fgUnwckn' kkg 2- g' ker okyk jkt k
& nj ckj h fo} ku% &
& 1- bZl jnkl & ( 1) gkyk >kyk jh dq Ma
fy; k ( l wj l rl bZ) ( 2) nsoh; k.k ( 3) gfjjl
& 2- v k' kkuUn& ( 1) ck?kk Hkkjeyh jk nwgk ( 2) meknsHkfV; k.kh jk dforA

( 7) pUnzl su% &

& ekynso usv i uscM+ scsVsdksjkt k u cukdj v i usNksVscsVspUnzlsu dksjkt k cuk; kA v r%bl dscM+s
HkkbZjke o mn; fl a g v dcj dsi kl pysx; sA v dcj ust ks/i q j i j v kØe.k fd; kA v r%pUnzlsu
Hkknzkt w
. k pyk x; kA

& 1570 bZ - esadk v dcj dk ukxkS j njckj

1- t S
l yesj & gjjkt
2- chdkusj & dY; k.key v dcj dh v / hurk Lohdkj dhA
3- pUnzlsu & dk cM+ k HkkbZmn; fl a
g
( t ks/i q
j)
[15]
 & pUnzlsu Hkh bl ukxkS j njckj esax; k FkkA
& pUnzlsu fLFkfr dksv uq dwy u ns[kdj ; gkal sHkknzk t w . k pyk t krk gS A
a
& v dcj Hkknzkt w . k i j v kØe.kdj nsrk gS A pUnzlsu fl ok.kk ( ckM+
a esj) pyk t krk gS A
a
& HkVdrsgq , jko pUnzlsu dh i kyh ( l kst r) dsi kl l kj.k ( fl a fp; kbZxkao) dh i gkfM+; ksaesaeR̀;qgks
x; hA
& pUnzlsu dks^ekjokM+dk Hkw y k & chl jk ' kkl d* dgrsgS A
a
& pUnzlsu dks ^ekjokM+dk i zrki * dgrsgS A
a
& bl s^i zrki dk v xzxkeh* dgrsgS A
a
& egkjk.kk i zrki dh jkt fryd esapUnzlsu Hkh mi fLFkr FkkA
& v dcj us1572 bZ - esachdkusj dsjk; fl a g dkst ks/i q j dk i z'kkl d fuq;qDr dj fn; kA
( 8) ekV sk jkt k mn; fl a g%&
& v i uh csVh ^ ekuh ckbZ * dh ' kknh t gka xhj dsl kFk dj nh x; hA bl sbfrgkl esa^t ks/kckbZ * dgk t krk
gSA
& bl s^t xr xkslkbZ * Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& ekuh ckbZdk csVk ^[ kq jZe* ( ' kkgt gk)a FkkA
& bl i zd kj eksVk jkt k mn; fl a g t ks/i q j dk i gyk jkt k] ft l useq xyksadh v / hurk Lohdkj dj yhA v kS j
mul soS okfgd l EcU/ LFkkfi r fd, A
d Yy k j k; ey ksr
& ; g eksVk jkt k mn; fl a g dsNksVsHkkbZjk; ey dk csVk FkkA
& bUgksuasfl ok.kk dk nw l jk l kdk fd; kA ( v dcj dsf[ kyki Q; q ¼)
& dYyk jk; eyksr usv i uh eR̀;ql si gysgh ^ i F̀ohjkt jkBkS M+
* ( chdkusj) l sv i us^ejfl ; s* fy[ kok
fy, A
& ej fl ; s% & fdl h ohj ds; q ¼ esaohjrk i w oZd yM+ r sgq, ekjst kusi j dfo }kjk ml dh ohjrk i j fy[ ks
t kusokysnksgsA
( 9) t l oa r fl a
g 1638&1678 bZ -A
& v ej fl a g& t l oa r fl a
g dk cM+ k HkkbZ] ; sukxkS j dk jkt k FkkA
erhjsdh jkM+( yM+ kbZ)%& ( 1644bZ -)
& chdkusj jkt k d.kZ fl a
g V/s ukxkS j dk v ejfl a g
& v ejfl a g ' kkgt gkadsnjckj esaml dsehj c[ ' kh ( l suki fr) l ykor [ kkadh gR;k dj nsrk gS a
A
& v ejfl a g jkBkSM+dks^dVkj dk / .kh* dgrsgS A
a
& v ejfl a g dh 16 [ kEHkksadh Nrjh ^ukxkS j * dsfdysesacuh gS A
a
& v kt Hkh jkt LFkku ds^[ ; ky o jEerksa * esav ejfl a g dks; kn fd; k t krk gS A
a
& ' kkgt gkadsi q =kksadsmÙkjkf/ dkjh l a ?k"kZesat l oa r fl a
g usnkjk dk i {k fy; kA
& ' kkgt gkaust l oa r fl a
g dks^egkjkt k* dh mi kf/ nhA
& / jer dk ; q ¼% & nkjk V/s v kS j xa
t sc
& bl ; ¼ q esankjk dh l suk dk l suki fr t l ora fl a
g FkkA
& nwl jsl suki fr dkfl e [ kkal sv ucu gksusi j t l ora fl a
g ;q ¼ dschp esat ks/i q j oki l v k t krk gS A
a
& / jer ds; q ¼ esagkjdj oki l v kusi j t l ora fl a
g dh jkuh t l oransgkM+ h usfdysdsnjokt sca n
dj fn; sA
& v kSj xa
t c ust l oa r fl a
g jkBkSM+dksv i Q xkfuLrku Hkst fn; kA ( dkcq y dk xoZ uj cukdj)
& oghai j ^t e: n* dk Fkkuk uked LFkku i j 1678 bZ - esat l orafl a
g dh eR̀;qgkst krh gS A
a
& v kSj xa
t sc usbl dh eR̀;qi j dgk& ^v kt dq i zQdk njokt k Vw V x; kA* ( / eZdk fojks/ djusokyk)
[16]
 & t l ora fl a
g dh eR̀;qds1 l ky ckn gh v kS j xat sc 1679 bZ - esa^t ft ; k dj* yxkrk gS A
a
& t l ora fl a
g dscsVsi F̀ohfl ag us' ksj dsl kFk yM+ kbZdhA v kS j xa
t sc usbl sfo"kS
y h i ks'kkd nsd j ejok
fn; kA
& t c t l ora fl ag dh eR̀;qgq ; h rc mudh nksuka sjkfu; ka¡ xHkZ
orh FkhA
& v kSj xa
t sc usv kxjk esabUgsa: i fl a g jkBkSM+dh gosy h esaut jca n dj fn; kA
& dkykUrj esabul sv t hrfl a g o nyFkEcu uke i q =k gksrsgSA
a
&iq Lr d sa& 1- v i jks{k fl ¼kUr l kj 2- i zcks/ pUnzksn;
3- v kuUn foykl 4- Hkk"kk Hkw "k.k
& nj ckj h fo} ku% &
;;;
& 1- eq g.kkS
r uS . kl h%
& ( 1) ^uS. kl h jh [ ; kr* ( i qLrd)
& bl esat ks/i q
j dsjkt kv ksadh o' kka oyh fy[ kh x; h gS A
a
& i gyh ckj Øec¼ bfrgkl ys[kuA
& ( 2) ekjokM+jk i jxuk jh foxr& t ux.kuk dk mYys[kA
& bl sekjokM+dk xt sfV; j dgrsadgrsgS A
a
& eq' kh nsoh i zlkn useq
a g.kkS
r uS . kl h dksjkt i w
r kusdk v cq y iQ t y dgk gS A
a

( 10) v t hrfl a g 1679&1724 b-ZA

& v kS j xat sc us36 yk[ k : i ; sdscnysv ejfl a g dsi skrsbUnzfl a g dksjkt k cuk fn; kA
& nqxkZ nkl jkBkS M+nksuksajkfu; ksao jkt dq ekjksadksysd j ogkal sfudy t krk gS A
a
& v t hrfl a g dkscpkusdsfy, , d xkS j k uke efgyk usl gk; rk dh FkhA
& ^xkS j k* dks^ekjokM+dh i Uuk/ k; * dgrsgS A
a
& ekjokM+dsjk"Vªxhr ^/ w l ka
s* esaxkSj k dk uke fy; k t krk gS A
a
& xkS j k dh Nrjh t ks/i q j essacuh gS A
a
& fl jksgh ft ysdsdkfyUnzh xka o esav t hrfl a g dkst ; nso i q
j ksfgr ds?kj esaeqdqUnnkl f[ kph dh ns[kjs
[k
esaj[ kk t krk gS A
a
& nq xkZ nkl v kS ja
xt sc dscsVsv dcj l sfonzksg djok nsrk gS A
a
& v ksja xt sc usnq xkZnkl o v dcj esai Q V Myok nhA
w
& v dcj dscsVk & cq y Un v [ rj
& csVh l i Q h; rq
fUul k nksuksanq xkZ
nkl dsi kl jg t krsgS ]
a
& nq xkZ nkl budh / kfeZ d f' k{kk dk i zcU/ djrk gS A rFkk dkykUrj esabZ
a ' ojnkl ukxj dsdgusi j v kS jaxt sc
dksl kS i nsrk gS
a A
a
& vS ja xt sc dh eR̀;qdsckn ^cgknq j ' kkg* v t hrfl a
g dkst ks/i q j dk jkt k cuk nsrk gS
A
a
& v t hrfl a g eqxy ckn' kkg i Q :Z[ kfl ; j l sv i uh csVh bUnzd aoj dh ' kknh djrk gS A
a
& ; g va fre jkt dq ekjh ( jkt i w
r ) Fkh] ft l dh fdl h eq xy ckn' kkg l s' kknh gqbZ
A
& 23 t w u 1724 dksv t hrfl a g dscsVs^c[ rfl a g* usv t hrfl a g dh gR;k dj nhA
& v t hrfl a g dh eR̀;qi j mudh fpa r k esat kuojksusLosPNk l sv i uh t ku nsnhA

[17]
 nq
xkZ
nkl j kBkSM+ % &
& fi rk dk uke & v kl dj.k
& t Ue LFkku & l kyok
& t kxhj & yq . ksok xka
oA
& v t hrfl a
g us' kkl d cuusdsckn nq xkZ
nkl dksns'k fudkyk nsfn; k FkkA
& nqxkZ
nkl ; gkal sesokM+egkjk.kk ^v ejfl a g f}rh; * ds; gkapyk x; kA
& v ejfl ag usbl s^jkei q j k* o fot ; i q
j dh t kxhjsanhA
& ; gkal snqxkZ
nkl mTt S u pyk t krk gS A
a
& mTt Su esaf{ki zk unh dsfdukjsnq xknZkl dh Nrjh cuh gq ; h gS
A
a
& nqxkZ
nkl dks^ekjokM+dk v .kfcfU/; k eksrh* rFkk ^jkt i w r kusdk xsjhckYMh* dgrssgS
A
a
& duZ y t sEl VkW M bl s^jkBkSM+
ksdk ; wy hl st * ( m}kjd) dgrsgS A
a

( 11) v Hk; fl a
g 1724&1749 bZ -A
& [ kst M+
y h dh ?kVuk%
& foØeh l a or 1787 bZ - dksHkknzin ' kqDy n' keh dks[ kst M+y h uked xka o esa
v er̀knsoh uked fo' uksbZefgyk v i usi fr jkekst h o v i uh rhu csfV; ksadsl kFk o`{kksadkscpkusdsfy,
' kfgn gksx; hA
& bl esadq y 363 yksxksausv i uk cfynku fn; k FkkA bl fy, v kt Hkh Hkknzin ' kqDy n' keh dksge ' kghn
fnol ds: i esaekursgS A
a
& bl h fnu fo' o dk , dek=k o`{k esy k yxrk gS A
a
& v er̀knsoh dsuke i j l kekft d okfudh ds{ks=k dsfy, i q j Ldkj fn; k t krk gSA ( oU; o oU; t ho)
a

& njckjh fo}ku & 1- dj.khnku & l w j t i zd k' k ( fcM+n fl .kxkj)

2- ohjHkk.k & jkt : i dA
& bu nku
sksai q
Lrdksaesav Hk; fl a
g o v genkckn dsl w csnkj ^l j cqy na[ kku* dschp ; q
¼ dk o.ku
Z gS
A
a

( 12) ekufl a g 1803&1843 bZ - rd

& t kykSj ?ksjsdsl e; ^nsoukFk* }kjk ekufl a g dsjkt k cuusdh Hkfo"; ok.kh dhA
& ekufl ga usjkt k cursgh nsoukFk dksv i uk xq : cuk; kA
& ukFksadsl cl scM+ seafnj ^egkeafnj* dk fuekZ
. k djok; kA
& ^ukFkpfj=k* uked i q Lrd fy[ khA
& 1805 bZ - esat ks/i qj dsfdysesa, d i q Lrdky; cuokrsgS ] ft l s^ekui q
a Lrd i zd k' k* dgrsgS
a
A
& 1807 bZ - esa^fxaxksy h dk ; q¼* gksrk gS
A
a
& 1818 bZ - esav axzst h l sl a
f/ dj ysrk gS A
a
& bl dsnjckj esadfo cka d hnkl FkkA
& ekufl ga usbUgsa^dfojkt * dh mi kf/ nhA
&iq Lrd% & 1- cka d hnkl jh [ ; kr 2- dq d fo cÙkhl h 3- nkrkj ckouh
4- eku t l ksea Mu
& ckad hnkl usv xzsat ksdk l kFk nsusokysjkt kv ka
sdh fuUnk dhA

[18]
 chdkusj dsjkBkS
M+
ksdk bfrgkl
& chdk% & 1465bZ - esachdkusj {ks=k esajkBkS
M+jkT; dh LFkki uk dhA
& 1488 bZ - esachdkusj uxj dh LFkki uk dhA
& v k[ kkrht ( v {k; rr̀h; k) chdkusj dk LFkki uk fnol gSA
a
& v k[ kkrht dkschdkusj esai ra xsmMkbZt krh gS A
a

* yw
. kdj.k
&tSl yesj dsjkoy t Sr l h dksgjk; kA
& chBwl w
t k usbl s^dy; qx dk d.kZ * dgk gS
A
a

*tS
rl h
& 1534 bZ
- esagq
ek; w
adk HkkbZdkejku HkVusj i j v f/ dkj dj ysrk gS A
a
& dkejku chdkusj i j Hkh v kØe.k djrk gS] i j jkoy t S
a r l h ml sjkrh?kkVh ds; q
¼ esagjk nsrk gS
A bl
a
;q
¼ dh t kudkjh gesa^chBwl tqk* dh i q
Lrd ^jko t S r l h jksNUn* l sfeyrh gS A
a

* jk; fl a
g
& jk; fl ag ( 1574&1612 bZ -) ( v dcj dsl e; pkj gt kjh eul cnkj t gka xhj dsl e; 5000)
& 1572 bZ - esav dcj bl st ks/i jq dk i z'kkl d fu; q Dr djrk gS A v kS
a j egkjkt k dh mi kf/ nsrk gSA
a
& 1577 bZ - esav dcj usbdkou ( 51) i jxusjk; fl a g dksfn; sA
& [ kq
l jksadsfonzksg dsl e; t gka xhj jk; fl a
g dksjkt / kuh v kxjk dh ft Eesnkjh l kS i dst krk gS
a A
a
& 1589&1594 bZ - dschp chdkusj esat w ukx<+fdysdk fuekZ . k djok; kA chdkusj dst w ukx<+esal w
j t i ksy
dsi kl jk; fl a g i z'kfLr fy[ kh gq; h gS
] ft l dh jpuk ^t bRkk* uked t S
a ueq fu usfy[ kh FkhA
&tu wkx<+dk fuekZ . k deZ pUn dh ns[kjs[k ea sgqv kA
& eq' kh nsoh i zlkn usjk; fl a
a g dks^jkt i wr kusdk d.kZ * dgkA
& jk; fl ag us^jk; fl ag egksRl o* uked i q Lrd fy[ khA
& Jhi fr dh ^T; ksfr"k jRuekyk* i j ^cky cksf/ uh* uke l sjk; fl a g usVhdk fy[ khA
& ^t ; l kse* jk; fl a
g dsnjckj esaFkk ft l us& deZ pUnoa' kksRdh.kZ
dad kO;e~uked i q Lrd fy[ khA
& jk; fl ag dsNksVsHkkbZdk uke i F̀ohjkt jkBkS M+Fkk] t ksv dcj dsuojRuksaesal s, d gS A v dcj usbl s
a
xkxjksu dk fdyk fn; k FkkA
& jkBkSM+dh i zeq [ k jpuk, a%&
( 1) osfyfØl .k : Def.k jh%nq j l k v <+
k usbl s5 okaosn v kS j 19 okai q j k.k dgk gS
A
a
& duZ y t sEl VkW M usbl jpuk ea s^nl l gL=k ?kksM+ksdk cy* crk; k gS A
a
&;g iq Lrd mÙkjh jkt LFkkuh esafy[ kh xbZgS A
a
& L.P. VsLl hVksjh usi F̀ohjkt jkBkM S+dks^fMa xy dk gksjsl* dgk gS A
a

* d.kZ
fl a
g
& mi kf/ % & t kxay / j ckn' kkg
& d.kZ fl ag usv U; dq N l kfgR;dkjksadsl kFk feydj ^l kfgR; dYi nq
ze* dh jpuk dhA
& ^xxka / j eSfFky* d.kZ fl a
g dk , d njckjh Fkk] ml usfuEu i q
Lrd fy[ kh&
( 1) d.kZ Hkw"k.k ( 2) dkO; Mkfduh

[19]
 * v uw
i fl a
g
& v kSja
xt sc usbudsnf{k.k v fHk; kuksal s[ kq ' k gksd j ^ ekgh Hkjkfro* dh mi kf/ nhA
&la Ldr̀ dsnw yZ
Hk xzUFkksadk ^ v uw i iq Lrdky; * esal a d yu fd; kA
& dq EHkk dsl a xhr xzUFkksadk l a d yu fd; kA
& fgUnwnsoh&nsorkv ksadh fofHkUu ew frZ
; ksadks, df=kr dj mUgsat w ukx<+ds33 djksM+nsoh & nsorkv kasds
eafnj esaj[ kok; kA
& fofHkUu l kfgfR;d xzUFkksadk jkt LFkkuh esav uq okn djok; kA
( 1) l q d dkfjdk ( 2) csrky i phl h
& (l q d dkfjdk i Q kjl h esav uw okfnr l a Ldr̀ dh i gyh i q Lrd Fkh)
& xhrk dk jkt LFkkuh esav uq okn v kuUnjke usfd; kA
& v uw i fl a
g dh i qLrda s& 1- v uw i foosd 2- dke i zcks/ 3- Jk¼ i z;ksx fpUrkef.k
4- v uwi ksn; & xhr xksfoUn i j fy[ kh Vhdk
& ^Hkko HkV`* v uw i fl a
g dsnjckj esaFkk] ml ds}kjk jfpr i q Lrds% &
1- l a
xhr v uw i va dq' k 2- v uw i la xhr jRukdkj 3- v uw
i laxhr foykl
* lwj rfl ag
& 1805 bZ- esaHkVusj i j v kØe. k dj ml i j v f/ dkj dj fy; kApwfd ml fnu ea
a xykokj Fkk] bl hfy; sHkVusj dk uke
guq
ekux<+dj fn; ka
& 1814 bZ-z esapq
: dksv i usv f/ dkj esaysykrk gS Abl l e; pq
a : dk ' kkl d Bkdq
j L; kst h ( f' ko t h) fl a
g FkkAbl h; q
¼ ds
l e; pq: dsfdysl spka nhdsxksy spyk; sx; sA
& 1818 bZ- esal w
j rfl a
g usv axzsa
t ksl sl fU/ dj yhA

* jrufl a
g
& 1836 bZ - easx; k ( fcgkj) esav i usl Hkh l jnkjksal sdU;ko/ ughadjus ' ki Fk fnyk; hA
& n; kynkl fl <+ k; p& ^chdkusj jk jkBkS Mk jh [ ; kr* bl esajko chdk l sysd j egkjkt k l jnkjfl a g dk o.kZu
gS A; g jkt LFkku dh v fUre [ ; kr gS
a A
a
* egkjkt k xa xkfl a
g
& 1899 bZ - easphu dsckW Dl j fonzksg esav xzsa
t ksdh enn dhA bl fy, v a xzst ksus^dslj , fgUn* i nd
fn; kA
& 1913 bZ - esa^i zt k i zfrfuf/ l Hkk* dh LFkki uk dhA
& cukjl fgUnwfo' ofo| ky; dsfuekZ . k esal okZf/ d v kfFkZ
d l gk; rk egkjkt k xa xkfl a
g usnh FkhA bl fy,
B.H.U. dsv kt hou dq y i fr jgsA
& i sfjl ' kka
fr l Eesy u ( I world war dsckn) esaegkjkt k xa xkfl a
g usHkkx fy; k ( , dek=k jkt k t ks
fj; kl rksadh rji Ql sx; k Fkk)
& 1921 bZ - esaLFkkfi r ujsUnzea My dsi gysv è; {k FksA
& 1927 bZ - esav i uh fj; kl r esaxa xugj dk fuekZ . k djok; kA xax ugj dk mn~ ?kkVu ykWMZbjfou usfd; kA
& bl hfy, xa xkfl ag dks^jkt LFkku* dk HkkxhjFk dgrsgS A
a
& rhuksaxksy est l Eesy uksaesaHkkx ysusokyk jkt LFkku dk , dek=k jkt k FkkA
& egkjkt k xa xkfl ag dh Å¡Vksadh l suk dks^xa xk fjl kyk* dgrsFksA
& chdkusj fj; kl r dsjkensojk] xksxkesM+ h rFkk ns'kuksd dsea fnjksadksorZ eku Lo: i fn; kA
& bl usv i usfl Ddksi j ^foDVksfj; k bEi zsl* fy[ kok; kA
& v kt knh dsl e; chdkusj dk ' kkl d l knq y fl a
Z g FkkA
& Hkkjr esafoy; dh ?kks"k.kk djusokyk i gyk fj; kl rh ' kkl d l knq y fl a
Z g FkkA

[20]
 pkS
gkuksadk bfrgkl
& pkSgkuksadh mRifÙk dsfo"k; esafofHkUu er%
( 1) pUncjnkbZ ] lw
;Z
eYy ehl .k o eq g.kkS
r uS . kl h % & dsv uq l kj pkS
gkuksadh mRifÙk Í f"k of' k"B dsv kcw
; K dsv fXu dq M l sgq
a ; hA
& pkSgku] pkyq D; ( l kS
ya
d h) ] i zfrgkj] v kSj i jekj bu pkjksat kfr; ksadh mRifÙk v fXu dq M l sekuh t krh gS
a A
a
( 2) t sEl VkW M] fofy; e Øq d % & dsv uq l kj pkS gku fons'kh gSA
a
( 3) 1170 bZ - dsfct kSfy; k HkhyokM+ k ( f' kykys[k) dsv uq l kj pkSgkuksadh mRifr oRl xkS =kh; czká.kka sl s
gq
; hA
& fct kSfy; k f' kykys[k] fct kS fy; k dsi k' oZ ukFk ea fnj esayxk gq v k gS
Abl i j v a
a fdr fct kSfy; k i z'kfLr dh
jpuk xq . kHknzusdh FkhA
& jkt LFkku dsfofHkUu uxjksadsi zkphu uke Hkh bl l si zkIr gksrsgS A
a
( 4) n' kjFk ' kekZ & pUnzoa
' khA
( 5) xkSj h' ka
d j ghjkpUnzv ks>k& l w ;Z
oa
' khA

* pkS
gkuksadk ew
y fuokl LFkku%
&
& l i kny{k {ks=k ( l kaHkj dsv kl &i kl dk {ks=k)
& budh jkt / kuh v fgPN=ki q j ( ukxkSj ) FkhA
& pkS gkuksadh dq y nsoh & v k' kki q j k ekrk
( 1) okl q nso% &
& 551 bZ - esapkSgku jkT; dh LFkki uk dhA
& okl qnso dkspkS gkuksadk v kfni q: "k dgr gS A
a
& fct kS fy; k f' kykys[k dsv uq l kj bl usl kaHkj >hy dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
( 2) xw od% &
& pkS gku i zkjEHk esai zfrgkjksadsl keUr Fks] xw od usi zfrgkj ' kkl d ukxHkV~f}rh; dh v / hurk ekuusdks
v Lohdkj dj fn; kArFkk bl i zd kj xw od us, d i w . kZLora =k jkT; dh LFkki uk dhA
( 3) pUnjkt
& i Ruh dk uke & : nzk.kh ( v kRei zHkk) & ; kS fxd fØ; k esafui q . k efgykA
& : nzk.kh i zfrfnu i q"dj >hy esa1000 nhi t ykdj Hkxoku f' ko dh i w t k djrh FkhA
( 4) v t ; jkt
& 1113 bZ - esav t esj uxj dh ( i F̀ohjkt fot ; dsv uq l kj) LFkki uk djrk gS A
a
& v t esj dk fdyk cuok; kA
& v i uh jkuh l kseys[kk dsuke dsfl Ddspyk; sA
( 5) v .kksZj kt
& v .kkZsjkt usv t esj esav kukl kxj >hy dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& i "qdj esaojkg ea fnj dk fuek.Zk djok; kA
( 6) foxzgjkt prq FkZ
( 1153&1163bZ -)
& bl ds' kkl udky dksl i kny{k dspkS gkuksadk Lo.kZd ky dgrsgS A
a
& bUgksusarksejksal sf<+ fYydk ( fnYyh) Nhu yhA bl usfnYyh&f' kokfyd LrEHk yxok; kA
& bl esav t esj esa^l jLorh da BkHkj.k uked* l a Ldr̀ i kB' kkyk dk fuekZ . k djok; kA v i usukVd gfjdsy h
dh i fDr; kabl i kB' kkyk dh nhokjksai j [ kq nok; hA dkykUrj esadq rq
cí hu , scd usbl i kB' kkyk dks
[21]
 rksM+d j , d efLt n cuok nh] ft l sge v <+ kbZfnu dk >ksiM+ k dsuke l st kursgS A
a
mi kf/ ; ka& chl ynso] dfo ckU/o]
& chl yi j uxj o chl yi q j rkykc dk fuekZ . k djok; kA rkykc dsfdukjs, d Hkxoku f' ko dk ea fnj
cuok; kA
& njckjh l ksenso usyfyr foxzgjkt uked i q Lrd fy[ khA
& uji fr ukYg us^chl ynso jkl ks* uked i q Lrd fy[ khA ; g xkS M+
okM+h cksy h esafy[ kh xbZjpuk gS A; g
a
cksy h i kyh dh ckyh rgl hy l sysd j t kykS j dh v kgksj rgl hy dseè; {ks=kksaesacksy h t krh gS A
a
( 7) i F̀ohjkt rr̀h; ( 1177&1192 b-Z)
& fi rk dk uke ^ l kses'oj
& ekrk dk uke & di w j h nsoh ( fnYyh ds' kkl d v uxa
Z i ky rksej dh i q =kh)
& i zkjEHk esaekrk di w j h nsoh ml dh l a
Z j f{kdk cuh] D; ka si F̀ohjkt rr̀h; ckY; koLFkk esa' kkl d cusFksA
& v i usppsjsHkkbZukxkt q u dsfonzksg dk neu djrk gS
Z A
a
& Hka Mkudksdksgjkrk gS A
a
& 1182 bZ - esarq
eqy ds; q ¼ esaegksck dspUnsy ' kkl d i jekjfnZ nso dksgjkrk gS A
a
& bl ; ¼ q esai jekfnZ nso pUnsy dsnksl sukuk; d v kYgk o Åny yM+ r sgq , ekjsx; sFks] t ksv kt Hkh ogka
dsykd s xhrksaesaxk; st krsgS A
a
& 1187 bZ - esapkyqD; ' kkl d Hkhu f}rh; i j v kØe.k djrk gS A
a
& i j nku sksadschp l a f/ gkst krh gS A
a
pkSgku ( i F̀ohjkt ) & xgM+ oky ( t ; pUn) oS euL; %
& fnYyh dsmÙkjkf/ dk dsi z'u rFkk l a ; ksfxrk dsv i gj.k dsdkj.k nksuksaesaeueq Vko FkkA
& r j kbu d k i zFke ; q ¼% & 1191 b-Z
& i F̀ohjkt pkS gku V/s eksgEen xkS jh
& rkRdkfyd dkj.k%eksgEen xkS j h }kjk rcjfgUn ( HkfV.Mk) i j v f/ dkj
& bl esai F̀ohjkt dk l suki fr pkeq . Mjk; FkkA
& bl ; q ¼ esai F̀ohjkt pkS gku t hrrk gS A
a
& r j kbu d k f} r h; ; q ¼% & 1192 b-Z
& bl ; q ¼ esal suki fr pkeq . Mjk; Hkkx ughaysrk gS A
a
& i F̀ohjkt bl ; q ¼ esagkj t krk gS Afl jl k ( gfj; k.kk) dsi kl ca
a nh cukdj ekj fn; k t krk gS A
a
& i F̀ohjkt pkS gku usfnYyh dsi kl fi FkkS j kx<+dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& mi kf/ & 1- ^jk; fi FkkS j k* 2- ny i q xy ( fo' o fot srk)
a
& njckjh ( i F̀ohjkt dsnjckj esa A) 1- pUncjnk; h ( okLrfod uke i F̀ohjkt HkV`) & ^i F̀ohjkt jkl kS *
2- t ; kud& ^i F̀ohjkt fot ; * 3- fo| ki fr xkS M+ 4- t uk¼Z u 5- okxh' oj
& i F̀ohjkt pkS gku us, d dyk o l L adf̀r ea =kky; dh LFkki uk dh rFkk bl dk ea =kh i n~
eukHk dkscuk; kA
& dS ekl o Hkq oueYy bl dsi zeq [ k ea=kh FksA
& eksbuq í hu fp' rh bl h dsl e; Hkkjr v k; sFksA
& rjkbu dsnksuksa; q ¼ksdk foLrr̀ fooj.k dfo pUnzcjnkbZdsi F̀ohjkt jkl kS ] gl u fut keh dsrkt q y
& ekfl j , oafeUgkl ml ~fl jkt ds^rcdkr & , & ukfl jh* ea sfeyrk gS A
a

[22]
 j.kFkEHkkS
j dspkS
gkuksadk bfrgkl
& i F̀ohjkt pkS gku dscsVsxksfoUnjkt us1194 bZ - esaj.kFkEHkkS
j esapkS gku jkT; dh LFkki uk dhA
& gEehj ( 1282&1301 bZ -)
& gEehj usdksfV ; K dk v k; kst u djok; kA bl ; K dk i q j ksfgr fo' o: i e~FksA
& t ykyq í hu f[ kyt h dsj.kFkEHkkS j v kØe.k dksgEehj foi Q y dj nsrk gS A bl foi Q
a yrk dsckn t ykyq í hu
f[ kyt h usdgk Fkk fd& ^, sls10 fdyksadkseS aeql yeku ds, d cky dscjkcj Hkh ughal e>rk* gw ¡A
& xqt jkr v kØe.k dsnkS j ku v ykmn~hu dh l suk esafonzksg gkst krk gS A
a
& fonzksgh ea xksy usrk eq gEen ' kkg rFkk dsgczwgEehj dsi kl pyst krsgS A
a
& myq x [ kku o uq l jr [ kku ( v ykmíhu dsl suki fr) usj.kFkEHkkS j i j v kØe.k dj fn; kA uq l jr [ kku
ekjk x; kA rc v ykmnhu , d cM+ h l suk ysd j [ kq
n j.kFkEHkkS j i j ?ksjk Mkyrk gS A j.key o jfri ky
a
uked nksfo' okl ?kkfr; ksadh ot g l sgEehj dksfdysdsi Q kVd [ kksy usi M+
s] j.kFkEHkkS
j dsfdysesa
i gyk l kdk gq v kA
& gEehj dh i Ruh ja xnsoh dsusrR̀o esat kSgj fd; k x; kA
& gEehj dh i q =kh ^nsoy ns* bl t kS gj l s, d fnu i w oZj.kFkEHkkS j fdysdsi n~ e rkykc esadw ndj
v kRegR;k dj ysrh gS A( t y t kS
a gj)
& j.kFEHkkS j dk l kdk 1301 bZ - esagq
v k FkkA; g jkt LFkku dk i gyk ' kkdk FkkA
& gEehj usv i ust houdky esa17 ; q ¼ yM+ sFksft uesal s16 esaoksfot ; h jgkA
& v i usfi rk t S =kfl a
g ds32 o"kh;Z ' kkl udky dh ; kn esaj.kFkEHkkS j dsfdysesa32 [ kEHkksdh Nrjh
cuok; hA
& cht kfnR; uked fo}ku gEehj dsnjckj esajgrk FkkA
& gEehj dksgB o ' kj.k nsusokyksads: i esa; kn fd; k t krk ga A
a
S
^^fl ag xeu] l Riq : "k opu] dnyh i Q ySbd ckjA frfj; k rsy ] gEehj gB] p<+ Su nw t h ckj**

t kykS
j dspkS
gkuksadk bfrgkl
& Í f"k t kokfy dh ri ksHkw fe gksusdsdkj.k bl st kckfyi q j dgrsFks] t ksdkykUrj esat kykS j gksx; kA
& t ky o`{kksdh v f/ drk gksusdsdkj.k bl st kykS j dgk x; kA
& t kykSj dk fdyk l ksufxfj ( l q o.kZfxjh) uked i gkfM+ ; ksai j fLFkr gksusdsdkj.k ; gkads' kkl d l ksuxjk
pkS
gku dgyk, A
Note- Lo.kZ fxjh dk fdyk @l ksukj dk fdyk & t S l yesj
& 1182 bZ - esadhfrZ
i ky ust kykjS esapkS gkuksadh l ksuxjk ' kk[ kk dh LFkki uk dhA
& bl usfpÙkkS M+dsl kea r fl a
g dksgjkdj fpÙkkS M+i j v f/ dkj dj fy; kA
d kUgM+nso l ksuxj k
& 1308 bZ - esav ykmnhu ^t kykS j dh dq t h* fl ok.kk i j v kØe.k djrk gS
a A ^l kry o l kse* ( dkUgM+
a nso ds
Hkrht s) dsusrR̀o esafl ok.kk esal kdk fd; k x; kA; g fl ok.kk dk i gyk l kdk FkkA
& ^Hkk; y l S fud* usfo' okl ?kkr fd; k FkkA
& v ykmnhu fl ok.kk dk uke ^[ kS j kckn* dj nsrk gS A
a
& 1311 bZ - esav ykmnhu t kykS j i j v kØe.k dj nsrk gS A v ykmnhu dk l suki fr dekyq
a nhu xq xZgksrk gSA
a
& ^chdk nfg; k* uked v kneh usfdysdk jkLrk crkdj fo' okl ?kkr fd; kA t c bl fo' okl ?kkr dh
lpwuk chdk nfg; k dh i Ruh dksfeyh] rc ml usv i usfo' okl ?kkrh i fr dksekj fn; kA
& dkUgMnso o ohjenso dsusrR̀o esal kdk fd; k x; kA
[23]
 & v ykmnhu ust kykS j i j v f/ dkj dj fy; k v kS j t kykSj dk uke t ykykckn dj fn; kA
& t kykS j esav ykmnhu us^v ykbZefLt n* dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& v ykmnhu dh i q =kh ^fi Q
jkst k* ohjenso ( dkUgM+
nso dk i q =k) l sI; kj djrh FkhA
& fi Q
jkst k dh / k; ek¡ ^xqy fofg' r* FkhA
& 1311 bZ - ;q¼ dh t kudkjh i n~ eukHk }kjk jfpr i zfl ¼ xzUFk ^dkUgM+ nsi zcU/* rFkk ^ohjenso l ksuxjk jh
ckr* esafeyrk gS A
a

fl jksgh dsnsoM+
k pkS
gkuksadk bfrgkl
& yq Eck us1311 bZ - esav kcwo pUnzkorh dkst hrdj pkS gkuksadsnsoM+k ' kk[ kk dh LFkki uk dhA
& pUnzkorh dksv i uh jkt / kuh cuk; hA
& l gl ey us1425 bZ - esafl jksgh dh LFkki uk dj fl jksgh dksv i uh jkt / kuh cuk yhA
v [ kS j kt nsoM+ k
& [ kkuok ds; q ¼ esajk.kk l ka xk dh rji Ql sHkkx ysrk gS A
a
& bl smM+ uk v [ kS
j kt dsuke l st kursgS A
a
lq j rk.k nsoM+ k
& v dcj dsf[ kyki QnÙkk.kh dk ; q ¼ fd; k ( 1583bZ -) A i zrki dsNksVsHkkbZt xeky usv dcj dh rji Ql s
Hkkx fy; k FkkA
& nq j l k v k<+k usjko l q j rk.k jk dfor uked i q Lrd fy[ khA
f' kofl a g
& 1823 bZ - esav a
xzst ksadsl kFk l a f/ dj ysrk gS A
a
& va xzst ka
sdsl kFk l a f/ djusokyh fl jksgh v a fre fj; kl r FkhA

cw
nh dsgkM+
a k pkS
gkuksadk bfrgkl
& cw nh esai gyseh.kk ' kkl dksadk v f/ dkj FkkA cw
a Unk eh.kk dsuke i j gh bl dk uke cw nh i M+
a r k gS
A
a
& dq EHkk ds^j.kdi q j v fHkys[k* esacw n
ah dk uke oÙnkorh Hkh feyrk gS A
a
& 1241 bZ - esansok gkM+ k ust Sr k eh.kk dksgjkdj cw nh i j v f/ dkj dj fy; kA
a
& 1274 bZ - esat S
=kfl a
g usdksVk dkst hr ysrk gS A
a
& 1354 bZ - esacjfl a g uscw nh dsrkjkx<+fdysdk fuekZ
a . k djok; kA
& rkjkx<+dk fdyk fHkfÙk fp=kksadsfy, i zfl ¼ gS A
a
j kol q
jt u
& 1569 bZ - esav dcj dh v / hurk Lohdkj dj nsrk gS A
a
& }kfjdk esa^j.kNksM+t h dk* ea fnj cuokrk gS A
a
& pUnz'k[skj& ( 1) gEehj gB ( 2) l q j t u pfj=k
* cq ¼fl ga
& bl us^usgrja x* uked i q Lrd fy[ khA
& bl ds' kkl u dky esal cl si gysejkBksadk gLr{ksi gksrk gS A bl dsi q
a =k nysy fl a
g o mEesnfl ag dschp
mÙkjkf/ dkj l a
?k"kZgqv k ft l esal okbZt ; fl a
g usnysy fl a
g dk rFkk ejkBksausmEensfl a g dk i {k fy; kA
& t ; i jq dsjkt k l okbZt ; fl a g dh cgu v ej da oj dh ' kknh cq¼fl a
g dsl kFk gq ; hA v ejdaoj usejkBk
l jnkj eYgkj jko gksYdj dksmEensfl a g dsi {k esacq y k; k

[24]
 fo".kq
fl a
g
& bl us1818bZ
- ea
sv a
xzst ksal sl a
f/ dj yhA

dksVk dsgkM+
k pkS
gkuksadk bfrgkl
& 1631 bZ - esacq nh dsjkt k jko jRufl a
a g dsi q =k ek/ ksfl a
g usdksVk jkT; dh LFkki uk dhA
* eqdq Unfl a
g
& / jer ds; q ¼ esayM+ r k gqv k ekjk x; kA
& bl usdksVk esav cyh eh.kh dk egy cuk; kA
* Hkhefl a g
& bl usi Q :Z [ kfl ; j dsdgusi j cw nh i j v f/ dkj dj fy; kA cq
a nh dk uke i Q
a :Z
[ kkckn dj fn; kA
& [ khafp; ksa( pkS gkuksadh , d ' kk[ kk) l sxkxjksu Nhu fy; kA
& Hkxoku Jhd`".k dsHkDr gksusdsdkj.k dksVk dk uke uUnxzke dj fn; ka
& cka j k esa^l koa fj; k t h dk ea fnj* cuok; kA
* mEes nfl a
g
& bl usv a xzst ksl sl a f/ dj yhA
&la f/ dh eq [ ; ' krsZ
%&
1- mEesnfl a g o ml dsoa ' kt ksdk dksVk i j v f/ dkj cuk jgsxkA
2- t kfyefl a g >kyk o ml dso' kta i w . kZv f/ dkj l Ei Uu nhoku cusjgsa xsA ( i w
jd l af/ )

>kykokM+jkT; dk bfrgkl
& 1837 bZ - esa^t kfyefl a g >kyk* dsi ksrsenufl ag us>kykokM+esa, d >kyk jkT; dh LFkki uk dhA 1838
bZ- esav a
xzst ksausbl sekU;rk i znku dj nhA bl i zd kj >kykokM+jkt LFkku dh l cl sv a fre fj; kl r FkhA
bl dh jkt / kuh >kyjki kVu FkhA>kyjki kVu pUnzHkkxk unh dsfdukjsgS abl s?ka
fV; ksadk ' kgj dgk t krk ga
A
a
S
& ; gkadsjkt jk.kk jkt sUnzfl a
g us>kykokM+dsea fnjksadksgfjt uksadsfy, [ kqy ok fn; k FkkA

v kesj dsdNokgksadk bfrgkl

& Hkxoku jke dsNksVscsVsdq ' k dsoa
' kt dq ' kokgk dgyk, ] t k dkykUrj esadNokgk gksx; kA
& ujoj l s^nqYgjk; * nkS
l k v krk gS
] o nkS
a l k esacMxq tZ
j ksadksgjkdj dNokgk ' kkl u dh LFkki uk djrk gS
a
; s?kVuk 1137 bZ - dh gSA
& dkykUrj esajkex<+esaeh.kkv ksadsk gjkdj bl sv i uh jkt / kuh cukrk gS A
a
& ; gkav i uh dq
y nsoh t eok; ekrk dk ea fnj cuokrk gS av kS
j bl dk uke t eokjkex<+j[ k fn; kA
& nqYgjk; dk okLrfod uke ^rst dj.k* FkkA

* dkfdy ns
o
& 1207 esa- eh.kk ' kkl dksadksv kesj esagjkdj ogkav kesj i j v f/ dkj dj fy; k v kS
j jkt / kuh
t eokjkex<+l sv kesj ysv krk gS A
a

[25]
 * Hkkj ey %
& 1562bZ - esav dcj dh v / hurk Lohdkj dh rFkk v i uh csVh gj[ kk ckbZ( efj; e mTt ekuh) dh ' kknh
l kaHkj esav dcj dsl kFk dhAeq xyksadh v / hurk Lohdkj djusokyk rFkk oS okfgd l EcU/ cukusokyk
jkt LFkku dk i gyk jkt k FkkA
* Hkxoa r nkl
& l juky ; q ¼ esafet kZfonzksg dksnck; k v r%v dcj usuxkM+ k o i jpe nsd j l Eekfur fd; kA
& v i uh csVh ekuckbZ( ' kkgscsxe) dh ' kknh t gka xhj dsl kFk dhA[ kq l jksbl h dk csVk FkkAekuckbZus
t gka xhj dh ' kjkc dh v knrksl sra x v kdj v kRegR;k dj yh FkhA
* ekufl a g
& 14 i Q jojh 1590 dksekufl a g dk jkT; kfHk"ksd fd; k x; kA ekufl a g dks5000 dk eul cnkj cuk; kA t ks
ckn esac<+ d j 7000 dk gksx; kA
& v dcj usbl sca xky] fcgkj o dkcw y dk l q csnkj cuk; kA
fcgkj
& fcgkj esal w csnkjh dsnkS j ku ekui q j uxj cl krk gS A
a
caxky
& ca xky esav dcjuxj uked ' kgj cl krk gS ] ft l sorZ
a eku esage jkt egy dgrsgS A
a
&iw ohZca xky dsjkt k dsnkj dksgjkdj f' kyk ekrk dh ew frZysd j v krk gS arFkk bl usv kesj esaf' kyk
ekrk dk ea fnj cuok; kA
& njckjh fo}ku& 1- ^i q . Mjhd foV~ By*
1- jkxekyk 2- jkx ea t jh 3- jkx pUnzksn; 4- urZ u fu.kZ;
& ekufl a g usv kesj dsegyksadk fuekZ . k ' kq: djok; kA
& v kesj esat xr f' kjksef.k ea fnj cuok; k] bl ea fnj dk fuekZ . k ekufl a
g dh jkuh dudkorh usv i uscsVs
t xrfl a g dh ; kn esacuok; kA
& bl ea fnj esaHkxoku Jhd`".k dh ogh ew frZyxh gq ; h gS
] ft l dh ehjk fpÙkkS
a M+esai wt k fd; k djrh FkhA
& oǹka ou esajk/ k&xksfoUn dk ea fnj cuok; kA
* fet kZj kt k t ; fl a g ( 1621&1667 bZ -)
& l cl sv f/ d l e; rd ' kkl u djusokyk t ; i q j dk jkt k ( 46 o"kZ )
& t gka xhj usbl snf{k.k esaefyd v Ecj dsf[ kyki QHkst k FkkA
& ' kkgt gkausbl sfet kZjkt k dh mi kf/ nh o dkcq y v fHk; ku i j Hkst kA
& t ks/i q j egkjkt k t l oa r fl a
g dksHkh v kS ja
xt sc dh rji Q; gh ysd j v krk gS A v kS
a ja
xt sc usbl snf{k.k esa
f' kokt h dksfu; a f=kr djusdsfy, Hkst kA
& 11 t w u 1665 & i q j Unj dh l a f/ & f' kokt h V/s t ; fl a g
& fet kZjkt k t ; fl a g dsnjckj esafgUnh dsi z[; kr dfo ^fcgkjh t h* Fks& i q Lrd& fcgkjh l rl bZ
& ^dq y i fr feJ* ( fcgkjh t h dsHkkUt s) bUgksusayxHkx 52 xzUFkksadh jpuk dh Fkh] ft ul sgest ; fl a g ds
nf{k.k v fHk; kuksadh t kudkjh feyrh gS A
a
& t ; i jq esat ; x<+fdysdk fuekZ . k djok; kA
* l okbZt ; fl a g ( 1700&1743 bZ -)
& l okZ f/ d l kr eq xy ckn' kkgksadsl kFk dke fd; kA
& v kS ja
xt sc dh eR̀;qdsckn ml dsi = qkksaesagq ; smÙkjkf/ dkj l a ?k"kZesabUgksusa' kgt knsv kt e dk i {k fy; k
FkkA pw fd t hr eq
a v Tt e ( cgknq j ' kkg) dh gq ; h] t ksckn' kkg cursgh ml usl okbZt ; fl a g v kesj dsjkt k
i n l sgVk fn; kA bl dsNksVsHkkbZfot ; fl a g dksjkt k cuk fn; kA
& v kesj dk uke cnydj bLykekckn ; k eksfeukckn j[ k fn; kA
[26]
 & 1741 bZ - esai s'kok ckykt h ckt hjko dsl kFk / kS yi q
j l e>kS r k djrk gS A t ; fl a
a g ^ekyok* dk 3 ckj
l cwsnkj cukA
& t ; fl ag usv ' oes/ ; K djok; k] bl dk i q j ksfgr ^i q . Mjhd jRukdj* FkkA
& v ' oes/ ; K ds?kksM+ sdksnhi fl a g dqEHkk.kh usi dM+fy; k o v i us25 v knfe; ksadsl kFk yM+ r k gqvk
ekjk x; kA
& l okbZt ; fl a
g dsfuekZ . k dk; &
Z
& 1- 18 uoEcj 1727 bZ -& t ; i jq dh LFkki uk& okLrq d kj& fo| k/ j HkV~ Vkpk; Z( i q
rZxkyh T; ksfr"kh t sfo; j `
fM fl Yok dh enn yh xbZ A) 2- ukgjx<+( l q n' kZ
ux<+ ) 3- t yegy ( ekul kxj >hy) 4- fl Vh i S y sl
( pUnzegy) 5- xksfoUnnso t h dk ea fnj ( xkS fM+
; l Ei znk; dk i zeq [ k ea
fnj) & t ; i q
j ds' kkl d [ kq n
dksxksfoUn nso t h dk fnoku ekursFksA 6- t Urj&eUrj ( oS / ' kkyk) & ( 1) fnYyh& l cl si gys ( 2)
t ;iq j & l cl scM+ k& jkt LFkku dh i gyh bekjr ft l s; q usLdksdh fo' o fojkl r l w ph esa' kkfey fd; k
x; kA( 3) eFkq j k ( 4) mTt S u ( 5) cukjl A
& l okbZt ; fl ag dsnjckjh fo}ku % & ( 1) i q . Mjhd jRukdj& t ; fl a g dYi nq ze ( 2) i f.Mr t xUukFk&
;qfDyM T; kfefr dk l a Ldr̀ v uq okn fd; k] fl ¼kUr l ezkV rFkk fl ¼kUr dkS LrqHk uked i qLrdsafy[ khA
& l okbZt ; fl a
g usLo; a^t ; fl a g dkfjdk* uked xzUFk fy[ kkA
& u{k=kksadh ' kq
¼ l kj.kh ^t ht eq gEen ' kkgh* rS ; kj djokbZ A
& l okbZt ; fl a
g usl rh i zFkk i j jksd yxkusdh dksf' k' k dhA

bZ' oj hfl ag 1743&1750 bZ - rdA

& jkt egy dk ; q ¼ ( 1747bZ -) %& ( cukl unh dsi kl ) ( Vksa d)
bZ
' ojhfl a
g V/s ek/ ksfl ag
& (l wj t ey & Hkjri q j egkjkt k) ( t xrfl a g f}rh; & esokM+ )
( cwnh ujs'k & mEensfl a
a g)
( dksVk jkt k & nq j t ul ky)
( ejkBs)
& bl ; q ¼ esabZ ' ojhfl a
g t hrrk gS A bl t hr dsmi y{; esabZ
a l jykV ( l jxkl wy h) dk fuekZ
. k djokrk gS
A
a
& cx: dk ; q ¼( 1748bZ )%& bZ ' ojhfl a
g V/s ek/ ksfl a
g
& bl ; q ¼ esabZ ' ojhfl a
g gkj t krk gS ] ml sejkBksadks; q
a ¼ gt kZ
uk o ek/ ksfl a
g dksi ka
p i jxusnsusi MsA
+
& ejkBksa}kjk ; q ¼ gt kZ usdsfy, ra x djusi j bZ ' ojhfl a g usv kRegR;k dj yhA

* ek/ ks
fl a
g
& 1751 bZ - esaejkBksa( 5000) dk dRYksv ke djok; k t ; i q j esa
A
& dkdksM+dk ; q ¼ ( Vksad ) ( 1759bZ -)
& ek/ ksfl a
g usbl ; q ¼ esaejkBksadksgjk; kA
& HkVokM+ k dk ; q¼ ( dksVk) ( 1761bZ -)
& ek/ ksfl a
g V/s ' k=kq
' kky ( dksVk)
& j.kFkEHkkSj i j v f/ dkj dsfy, i z'u i jA
& bl ; q ¼ esaek/ ksfl ag dh gkj gksrh gS A
a
& dksVk dk l suki fr t kfyefl a g >kyk FkkA
& 1763 bZ - esaek/ ksfl a
g usl okbZek/ ksiqj dh LFkki uk dhA
& eksrhMw xjh dsegy cuok, A
a
& pkdl wea s' khryk ekrk dk ea fnj cuok; kA
[27]
 i zrkfl a
g ( 1778&1803 bZ -)
& 1- rq xk dk ; q
a ¼ ( 1787 bZ -)
& t ; i jq dsi zrki fl ag o t ks/i q j dk fot ; fl a g] nksuksafeydj ejkBksadsegknt h fl fU/; k dksgjkrsgS A
a
& 2- i kVu dk ; q ¼ ( 1790)
& bl ; ¼ q esaejkBksausi zrki fl a g dksi jkft r fd; kA bl ; q ¼ esaejkBk l suki fr] , d i zQ
ka
l hl h ^Mh&cks;* FkkA
& 3- ekyi q j k dk ; q
¼ 1800bZ -A
& bl ; q ¼ esaejkBksaust ; i q j dsi zrki fl ag o t ks/i q j dsHkhefl ag dh l ; q Dr l suk dksgjk; kA
a
& i zrki fl ag , d v PNk ys[kd Fkk] ^ct̀ fuf/ * uke l sdfork, afy[ kk djrk FkkA
& i zrki fl ag us, d l a xhr l Eesy u cq y ok; kA ft l dh v è; {krk nsof"kZct̀ i ky HkV` usdh Fkh] ft l esa^jk/ k
xksfoUn l axhr l kj* xzaFk fy[ kk x; kA
& i zrki fl ag dsl a xhr xq : dk uke pkn a[ kkaFkk] i zrki fl a
g usbl s^cq¼ i zd k' k* uked mi kf/ FkhA
& pka n [ kkaus^Loj l kxj* xzUFk dh jpuk dhA
& i zrki fl ag dsnjckj esa22 fo}ku jgrsFks] ft UgsaxU/oZckbZ l h ; k i zrki ckbZl h dgrsFksA i zrki fl a
g us
fo}kukasdsfy, ^xq . kht u [ kkuk* dh LFkki uk dhA
& i zrki fl ag us^gokegy* dk fuekZ . k djok; k] ; g , d i ka p ea ft yk bekjr gS ] t ksHkxoku Jhd`".k ds
a
eq dqV dsl eku gS A bl esa953 >jks[ksgS
a A
a
& i ka p ea ft y & 1- ' kjnea fnj 2- jRu ea fnj 3- fofp=k ea fnj 4- i zd k' k ea fnj 5- gok ea fnj
& gok egy dk okLrq d kj & ykypUn

t xrfl a
g ( 1803&1818 bZ - rd)
& 1818bZ - esav xzsa
t ksdsl kFk l a
f/ djrk gSA
a
& t xrfl a
g dh i szfedk dk uke ^jl di w j * FkkA; g ' kkl u dk; ksZesagLr{ksi djrh FkhA

jkefl a
g ( 1833&1880 bZ - rd)
& ^t kWu yqMyks* dksjkefl a g dk l a j {kd o t ; i q
j dk i z'kkl d cuk; k x; kA
& t kWu yqMyksaus1844 bZ - esal ekf/ i zFkk o dU;k o/ i j jksd yxk; hA
& 1845 bZ - l Ùkh i zFkk i j jksd yxk; h
& 1847 bZ - ekuo O;ki kj i j jksd yxk; hA
& jkefl ag ust ; i q
j esaxq y kch ja x djok; k FkkA
& ^fi za
l v YcVZ* dst ; i q j v kxeu i j 1876 bZ - esav YcVZgkW y dh uha o j[ kh x; h] bl dk okLrq
d kj
^LVhou t S
d c* FkkAbl h l e; jkefuokl ckx cuok; k x; kA
& dyk dsfodkl dsfy, 1857 b-Z esa^enjl k & , & gq ujh* dh LFkki uk dhA dkykUrj esabl dk uke
cnydj Rajasthan School of Arts and Crafts dj fn; k x; kA
& 1866 bZ - esa^ØkfUrpUn eq [ kt hZ
* us, d efgyk fo| ky; [ kksy k] ; g fdl h Hkh fj; kl r esaefgyk&f' k{kk
dk i gyk dne FkkA; gkackfydkv ksadksfl ykbZfl [ kkbZt krh FkhA
& egkjkt k dkWy st o l a Ldr̀ dkW y st dh LFkki uk dhA

ek/ ksfl a
g f}rh;
& bl scCcj' ksj dgrsgS A
a
& euekg su ekyoh; dksB.H.U. dsfy, 5 yk[ k : i ; sfn; sFksA
& ukgjx<+esav i uh ukSnkfl ; ksadsfy, , d t S l s9 egy cuok; sA
& 1904 bZ - esal cl si gys^Mkd fVdV o i ksLVdkMZO;oLFkk* ykxwdh t ksfj; kl rksaesafd; k x; k i gyk
[28]
 i z;kl FkkA
& fl Vh i S
y sl esaeq
ckjd egy cuok; kA

v yoj jkT; dk bfrgkl

& ; gkadNokgk oa ' k dh ^u: dk ' kk[ kk* dk ' kkl u FkkA
& fet kZjkt k t ; fl a
g usdY; k.kfl ag dksekpsM+ h dh t kxhj nhA
& 1774 bZ - esackn' kkg ' kkg v kye usi zrki fl ag dksLora =k fj; kl r nsnhA
& 1775 bZ - esai zrki fl a
g usHkjri jq l sv yoj dksNhudj bl sv i uh jkt / kuh cuk; kA

fou; fl a
g
& fou; fl ag usv i uh ekrk ^ew
l h egkjkuh* dh ; kn easv yoj esa80 [ kEHkksadh Nrjh cuok; hA ; g 2
eaft yk Nrjh gS] ft l dh nw
a l jh ea
ft y i j jkek; .k o egkHkkjr dsfp=k cuk, x, gS a
& fou; fl ag dh jkuh dk uke ^' khyk* FkkA bl usv i uh jkuh dsuke i j fl yhl s<+>hy cuok; hA
& fl yhl s<+>hy dks^jkt LFkku dk uUnudkuu* dgrsgS A
a

t ; fl a
g
& ujsUnzeaMy dk ukedj.k ^t ; fl a g* usfd; k FkkA
& i zFke xksy est l EEsy u esaHkkx fy; kA
& v yoj esafgUnh dksjk"VªHkk"kk ?kksf"kr dj fn; kA
& ^M; w d v kWi Q, fMucxZ * dsv yoj v kxeu i j l fjLdk i S y sl dk fuekZ
. k djok; kA
& 10 fnl Ecj 1903 dksckyfookg o v uesy fookg i j jksd yxk nhA
& frt kjk naxksdsckn t ; fl a g dksgVk fn; k x; k] t ; fl a
g i sfjl pyk x; k o oghaml dh eR̀;qgksx; hA

rst fl a
g
& v kt knh dsl e; v yoj dk ' kkl d egkRek xka
/ h dh gR;k esabudh l a
fnX/ Hkw
fedk Fkh] i j ckn esa
U;k; i kfydk usbUgsaDyhu fpV nsnhA

tS
l yesj dsHkkfV; ksadk bfrgkl
& HkkVh Hkxoku Jhd`".k dsoa ' kt gSA
a
& HkkVh ; nqoa' kh gksrsgS
] bl fy, t S
a l yesj dsjkt fpUg esa^N=kkyk ; knoi fr* fy[ kk gq
v k gS
A
a
& 285 bZ - esaHkV~Vh usHkVusj dksv i uh jkt / kuh cuk; kAHkV~
Vh dks^HkkfV; ksadk
v kfni q
: "k* ; k HkkVh jkT; dk l a LFkki d dgk t krk gS
A
a
& HkVusj dsdkj.k gh HkkfV; ksadks^mÙkj HkM+fdokM* @mÙkjh l hek dk i zgjh dgk x; kA
ea
xyjko%
& jkt / kuh & ruksV A

nsojkt %
& nsojkt usi a
okjksl syksnzok Nhudj] yksnzok dksv i uh jkt / kuh cuk; kA
& ew ey egsUnzdh i zse dgkuh esaegsUnzv ejdksV dk jkt dq ekj Fkk rFkk ewey yksnzok dh jkt dq
ekjh FkhA

[29]
 tSly
& 12 t yqkbZ1155 bZ - dkst S l yesj dh LFkki uk djrk gSA o bl sv i uh jk/ kuh cukrk gS
a A
a
ewy j kt
& v ykmnhu f[ kyt h ust S l yesj i j v kØe.k fd; k bl l e; t S l yesj dk i gyk l kdk gq v kA
&
nqtZul ky%
& 1352 bZ - esafi Q jkst rqxyd ust S l yesj i j v kØe.k fd; kA bl l e; t S l yesj dk ^nq
l jk l kdk* gq
v kA
yw. kdj.k% &
& 1550 bZ - esada / kj dsv ehj v yh usv kØe.k fd; kA bl l e; dslfj; k rksfd; k x; k ysfdu t kS gj
ughagksi k; kAbl fy, bl sv k/ k l kdk dgk t krk gS A
a
ewy jkt f}rh;
& bl usv a xzst ksadsl kFk 1818bZ - esal a
f/ dj yh FkhA
t okgj fl ga
& v k/ q fud t S l yesj dk fuekZ r kA
&tS l yesj esaMkd&rkj o jsy O;oLFkk ykxwdhA
&tS l yesj esa^fo.Me i q Lrdky; * cuok; kA
& bUghadsl e; Lora =krk l sukuh l kxjey xksik dkst sy esaft a
nk t ykdj ekj fn; k x; kA l kxjey xksik dh
gR;k dh t k¡p dsfy, xksiky Lo: i i kBd v k; ksx LFkkfi r fd; k x; kA
& l kxjey xksik dh i q Lrdsa
% & 1- v kt knh dsnhokus 2- t S l yesj dk xq Mka
j kt 3- j?kq
ukFkfl a
g dk eq d nek

djkS
y h dk bfrgkl ( ; kno oa
' k)
& djkS y h esa; knoksadh ^t knkS
u* ' kk[ kk FkhA
fot ; i ky
& 1040 bZ - esac; kuk dkst hrdj bl sv i uh jkt / kuh cukrk gS A v kS
a j ; knoksadh t knkS
u ' kk[ kk dk ' kkl u
i zkjEHk djrk gS A
a
vt Z q
ui ky%
& dY; k.ki q j uked uxj dh LFkki uk djrk gS A
a
/ eZ i ky
& dY; k.ki q j dk uke djkS y h j[ kdj ml sv i uh jkt / kuh cukrk gSA
a
xksikyi ky%
& djkS y h eas^enu eksgu t h dk ea fnj* cuokrk gS
A ; g xkS
a M+h; l Ei znk; dh jkt LFkku dh nw l jh i zeq
[ k i hB
gS A
a

gjcD' ki ky
& bl usv a xzst ksadsl kFk 1817bZ
- esal a
f/ dj yhA
enui ky
& 1857 bZ - esaØka fr esadksVk egkjko dh enn dh FkhA v xzsa
t ksus17 rksiksdh l ykeh nhA
& Lokeh n; kuUn l jLorh l cl si gys( jkt LFkku esa
) djkS
y h enui ky t h dsfue=ka . k i j v k, FksA

[30]
 Hkjri q
j dst kV oa
' k dk bfrgkl
& 1667 bZ - esaeFkq
j k {ks=k dsv kl &i kl dst kV fdl kuksausv kSja
xt sc dsfo: ¼ fonzksg dj fn; k FkkA bl
fonzksg dk usrR̀o ^xksd qy k* uked t kV fdl ku usfd; k FkkA xksd q y k dksi dM+
d j ml dh gR;k dj nhA
& 1687 bZ - esafl ufl uh dk t eha nkj jkt kjke fonzksg dj nsrk gS
A fl dUnjk esav dcj dsedcjsdksyw
a V
ysrk gS ] v kS
a j v dcj dh v fLFk; ksadksfudkydj t yk nsrk gS Ajkt kjke dsfonzksg dksHkh nck fn; k t krk
a
gS
A
a

pw
Mke.k
& t kV jkT; dh LFkki uk dhAFkw
. k fdysdk fuekZ
. k djok; k

cnufl a
g
& l okbZt ; fl a
g dh l gk; rk l sv i usHkkbZeksgdefl a
g dksgjkdj jkt k cukA l okbZt ; fl a
g usbl sMhx
dh t kxhj rFkk ct̀ jkt dh mi kf/ nhA bl usMhx dsfdysdk fuekZ . k djok; kA

lq
j t ey%( 1753&63)
&l w j t ey dks^t kVksdk IysVksa * v kS
j ^t kVksadk v i Q ykrwu* dgrsgS A
a
& Hkjri q j dsfdysdk fuekZ . k djok; k o v i uh jkt / kuh cuk; kA
& i kuhi r dsrhl js; q ¼ esaHkkxrsgq ; sejkBk l SfudksadksHkjri q j esa' kj.k nsrk gS
A
a
& 1754 bZ - esafnYyh i j v kØe.k djrk gS ] ogkal suw
a j t gkadk >w y k mBkdj ykrk gS A v kS
a j bu >wy ksadks
Mhx dsegyksaesaLFkkfi r djok; kA
& Mhx esat yegyksadk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& l jwt ey , d v kfFkZ d fo' ks"kK Fkk] ml usHkjri q j dh v kfFkZ d fLFkfr l q / kjusdk v f/ d i z;kl fd; kA
& ml dh eR̀;qdsl e; 1763 bZ - esaHkjri qj jkT; dh v k; 175 yk[ k : - l kykuk FkhA
& l jwt ey usHkjri q j esa, d uohu i z'kkl fud O;oLFkk dh LFkki uk dh] ft l esai n dk v k/ kj ; ksX; rk dks
cuk; k x; kA
& Hkjri q j esanhoku dks ^eq [ kR;kj* dgrsFksA
&lw j t ey dsnjckjh ^exa y fl a
g iqj ksfgr* jgsa
] ft Ugksua
s^l qt ku l a
or foykl * uked i q Lrd fy[ khA

t okgj fl a
g
& 1774 bZ - esafnYyh i j v kØe.k djrk gS ] o fnYyh dsfdysl sv "V / krq
a v ksadscusnjokt sysd j
v krk gS] bUgsaHkjri q
a j dsfdysesayxokrk gS A
a
& ; snjokt seq y : i l sfpÙkkS M+dsfdysea syxsgq
; sFks] ft Ugsav dcj fpÙkkS
M+v fHk; ku dsnkS
j ku v kxjk
ysx; k Fkk] fi Qj v kSja
xt sc bUgsav kxjk l sfnYyh ysv krk gS A
a
& t okgjfl a g bl t hr dsmi y{; esaHkjri q j dsfdysesat okgj cq t Zdk fuekZ
. k djokrk gS
a
] t okgj cq tZ
esaHkjri q
j dsjkt v ksadk jkt fryd fd; k t krk gS A
a

j.kt hrfl a
g
& 1803 bZ - esanwl jsv a
xa
zst &ejkBk ; q
¼ dsnkS j ku ^t l oa
r jko gksYdj* dksHkjri q
j esa' kj.k nsrk gS
A
a
& v xzsa
t l suki fr ykWMZysd Hkjri jq i j i ka
p v kØe.k djrk gS A ysfdu t hr ughai krk gS
a A bl fy, Hkjri q
a j
dsfdysdksyksgkx<+dgk t krk gS A
a
& dkykUrj esav xzsa t ksdsl kFk l fa/ dj yhA

[31]
 ` 1857 dh Øka
fr
1832 bZ- esaA.G.G. ( Agent to governer General) eq [ ; ky; ^v t esj* esaLFkkfi r fd; k x; kA
& jkt LFkku dsi gysA.G.G. ^fe- ykW d sV* FksA
& 1845 bZ - esabl eq [ ; ky; dks^v kcw* LFkkukUrfjr dj fn; k x; kA
& 1857 bZ - dh Øka fr dsl e; ; gkaA.G.G. ( Geogre Patrick Laurence) FkkA
& Laurence bl l si gysesokM+dk 'Political Agent' jg pq d k FkkA
& jkt LFkku esav xzsa
t ksadh l S fud Nkofu; ka&
& ul hjkckn ( v t esj) ] uhep ( eè; i zns'k) ] , fjui qj k ( i kyh) nsoyh ( Vkasd ) ] [ kS
j okM+
k ( mn; i q
j ) ] C;koj
( v t esj) A
& C;koj o [ ksjokM+ kl S fud Nkofu; ksausØka fr esaHkkx ughafy; kA

ul hj kckn%
& 28 ebZ1857 bZ- esajkt LFkku esal cl si gysul hjkckn dh Nkouh esafonzksg gq v kA
& 28 ebZ1857 bZ- dks15 oh- Netive Infantry dsl S fudksausfonzksg dj fn; kA
& nksfnu ckn 30 oha Native Infantry Hkh budsl kFk fey x; h o l Hkh l S fud fnYyh dh v ksj dw
p dj
x, A

uhep%
& eksgEen v yh csx uked , d l S fudksausduZ y , ckWV dsl keusv a xzst h jkt dsi zfr oi Q
knkj jgusdh
dl e ugha[ kk; hA
&3 tu w 1857 dksghjkfl a g uke ds, d l S fud dsusrR̀o esaNkouh esafonzksg gksx; kA
& uhep Nkouh l sHkkxs40 v xzsa t ksadksMw xyk xka
a o esa: ?kkjke uked fdl ku us' kj.k nhA
& dS IVu ' kkol ZbUgsaeq Dr djokrk gS ao mn; i q j egkjk.kk Lo: i fl ag dsi kl Hkst nsrk gS A
a
& mn; i jq egkjk.kk usbUgsat xea fnj egyksaesaj[ kkA
& ; gkal sfonzksgh l Sfud ' kkgi qj k v krsgS ] ' kkgi q
a j k dk jkt k bUgsal gk; rk djrk gS A
a
& ' kkgi q
j k dsjkt k usdS IVu ' kkol Zdk fojks/ fd; kA
& ; gkal sl S fud fuEckgsM+ k v k, A( ml l e; Vksa d dsv / hu FkkA)
& fuEckgsM+ k esabUgsaO;ki d t ul eFku Z feyrk gS A fuEckgsM+
a k esansoyh Nkouh dsl S fud Hkh bul sv kdj t q
M+
x; sA ; gkal sl S fud fnYyh dh v kjs pysx; sA

, fj ui qj k%21 v xLr 1857 bZ -

& 1835 bZ - esat ks/i q
j yhft ; u dk xBu fd; k x; kA bl dk i zeq [ k eq
[ ; ky; , fjui q
j k dks cuk; k x; kA
& , fjui q j k Nkouh dh i w foZ
; kl Sfudksadh Vq
d M+ h dksv kcwHkst k gq
v k FkkA oghai j mUgksausafonzksg dj fn; k
v kSj , fjui qj k esav kdj v i usckdh l kfFk; ksadsl kFk fey x, A Nkouh dksyw Vdj ^pyksafnYyh ekjks
fi Qja
xh* dsukjsyxkrsgq , fnYyh dh v ksj py i M+ sA
& [ kS j ok ( i kyh) uked LFkku i j bUgsav kmok dk Bkdq j dq' kkyfl a
g pkEi kor feyrk gS ] o fonzksgh l S
a fudksa
dksv i uk usrR̀o i znku djrk gS A
a

[32]
 dq' kkyfl a
g pEi kor%
& fcBkS M+k xkao dsmÙkjkf/ dkjh i z'u dksysd j dq
' kkyfl a
g usfcBkSM+
k dsBkdq j dkut h dh gR;k dj nh Fkh]
gR;k djusl s; g t ks/i qj jkt dk fonzksgh gksx; kA
& , fjui qj k Nkouh dsl S
fudksadsl kFk t qM+
usl sbl dk ; g fonzksgh v xzst ksadsfo: ¼ gksx; kA
( 1) fcBkS M+k dk ; q
¼ & 8 fl rEcj 1857A
( 2) psy kokl dk ; q ¼ & 18 fl rEcj 1857A
( 3) v kmok dk ; q ¼%& 20 t uojh 1858A

( 1) fcBkS M+k dk ; q
¼
& dS IVu ghFkdksV $ dq ' kyjkt fl a?koh V/s dq' kkyfl a
g
& dq ' kkyfl a
g t hr x; k rFkk t ks/i q
j dk fdysnkj v ksukM+
fl a
g ia
okj ekjk x; kA
&

( 2) psy kokl dk ; q¼
& bl dkys& xksjsdk ; q ¼ Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& A.G.G. George Patirick Lawrence o t ks/i qj dk Political Agent eS
d eslu v a
xzsa
t h l suk dk usrR̀o djrs
gS
A
a bl ; q ¼ esaHkh dq
' kkyfl a
g t hr x; kA
& eSd eslu dsfl j dksdkVdj v kmok dsfdysi j yVdk fn; k x; kA
&

( 3) v kmok dk ; q ¼
& va xszt h l suk dk usrR̀o duZ y gkE sl o ga l jkt t ks'kh dj jgsFks] t hr dh v k' kk u ns[kdj dq ' kkyfl a
g
v kmok dk Hkkj v i usNksVsHkkbZi F̀ohfl a g ( ykfEc; k dk Bkdq j ) dksl kSia
d j esokM+pyk x; kA
& esokM+esadksBfj; k ( ukFk}kjk) dsjkor t ks/fl a g dsi kl ' kj.k ysrk gS av kS
j ; ga
k l sl yw Ecj dsdsljh
fl a
g pw Mka or dsi kl pyk t krk gS A
a
& v kmok esafonzksgh l S fud gkj t krsgS ] v kS
a j v kmok dh bZ "V nsoh l qxkyh ekrk dh ew frZyst krsgS ] bl s
a
v t esj dsjkt i w r kuk E; w
ft ; e esaj[ kkA ckn ea si kyh dscka xM+E; w ft ; e esaj[ kk x; k FkkA 2014bZ - esa
jkt LFkku / jksgj l a j {k.k rFkk i kzU
sufr i zkf/ dj.k usfu.kZ ; fy; k gS afd bl ew frZdksv kmok xka o esaLFkkfi r
fd; k t k; sxkA
& dq ' kkyfl a g dk l kFk nsus okys v U ; l keU r%&
& v kyf.k; kokl & v t hrfl a g] xwy j& fc' kufl a g] v kl ksi& f' koukFkfl a
g
& v kmok esagkjusdsckn fonzksgh l S fud f' koukFkfl a g dsusrR̀o esafnYyh dh v ksj c<+ r sgS
a
A ysfdu ukjuksy
dsi kl xS j kZ
M+dh l suk l sgkj x; sA
& 1860 bZ - esadq ' kkyfl ag uhep esav xzsa t ksadsl keusv kRel i Z . k dj nsrk gS A
a
& ^Vsy j deh' ku* dh t ka p dsv k/ kj i j dq ' kkyfl ag dkscjh dj fn; k x; kA

dksVk esa t ufonzksg%

&
& dksVk esaodhy ^t ; n; ky* o ^ fjl kynkj esgjkc [ kka
* dsusrR̀o esaØka
fr dh x; hA ( 15 v DVw
Ecj
1857)
& dksVk dsi kW
fyfVDy , t sUV cVZ
u dh gR;k dj nh xbZ A

[33]
 & dksVk egkjko jkefl a g f}rh; dksut jca n dj fy; k x; kA
& eFkqj k/ h' k ea
fnj dsegUr dUgS ; kyky xksLokeh o dksVk egkjko dschp , d l e>kS r k gq
v k] cVZ
u dh
gR;k dsfy, Loa ; dksft Eesnkj Bgjkusokysi jokusi j dksVk egkjko usgLrk{kj fd, ] t ; n; ky dks
dksVk dk i z'kkl d fu; q Dr dj fn; k x; kA
& djkS y h dk ' kkl d enui ky l suk Hkts dj dksVk egkjko dkseq Dr djokrk gS A
a
& bl dsHkh dki Q h fnuksackn ^t ujy jkcVZl * dksVk dksØka
frdkfj; ksal seq
Dr djokrk gS
A
a
& v xzsa
t ka
susest j cVZ u dh gR;k dsfy, dksVk egkjko dksfuji jk/ fdUrqmÙkjnk; h ?kksf"kr fd; kA
& dksVk egkjko dh rksiksadh l ykeh 15 l s?kVkdj 11 dj nh x; hA

Vksa
d esa fonzksg
& Vksad dk uokc ot h: n~ nkS
yk v a
xzst ka
sdk l eFkZd FkkAi jUrquokc dsekek ehj v kye usfonzksgh; ksadk
l kFk fn; kA
& uhep Nkouh dsl S fudksadk fuEckgsM+ k esaLokxr fd; k x; k fonzksfg; ksadk i hNk djrh duZ
y tS
Dl u dh l suk
dk rkjkpUn i Vsy usl keuk fd; kA
& Vksa
d esaefgykv kasusHkh Øka
fr esaHkkx fy; k FkkA

RkkR; ka Vksis v kS j j kt LFkku% &

& rkR;kaVkissl cl si gyseka Myx<+( HkhyokM+ k) v k; k FkkAVksa
d dsuokc dsf[ kyki Q ] ukl hj eksgEen [ kkausrkR;ka
Vksisdk l eFkZ u fd; kA
& cukl unh dsfudV gq ; sdqv kM+
k; q¼ esarkR;kaVksisgkj t krk gS ao gkM+ kS
r h dh rji Qpyk t krk gS A ; gkai j
a
>kykokM+dk jkt k i F̀ohfl a g rkR;kaVksisdsfo: ¼ l suk Hkst rk gS A^xksiky i yVu* dksNksM+
a d j ckdh l suk us; q¼
djusl seuk dj fn; kA
& i yk; rk uked LFkku i j gq ; s; q
¼ esarkR;kaVksist hr t krk gS ao i F̀ohfl a g dksHkkxuk i M+ r k gS
A
a
& FkksM+ sfnuksackn v xsza
t ksadh enn l sgh i F̀ohfl a g >kykokM+i j i q u%v f/ dkj dj i krk gS A
a
& i F̀ohfl a g usrkR;kaVksisdks5 yk[ k : i ; sHkh fn, A
& fl rECkj 1857 bZ - esarkR;kaVksis, d ckj fi Q j ckal okM+k esav krk gS ] l yw
a Ecj dk jkor dsljhfl a g pw Mka
or rkR;ka
Vksi sdh enn djrk gS A
a
& chdkusj dsjkt k l jnkjfl a g usHkh rkR;kaVksisdks10 ?kq M+l okjksadh l gk; rk nhA
& rkR;kaVksisdksujoj dst a xyksaesa( ekufl a
g u: dk) usfxjÝrkj djok fn; kAv xzsa t ksausrkR;kaVksisdksi Q ka
lh
nsnhA
& l hdj ds, d l keUr dksrkR;kaVksisdks' kj.k nsusdsv kjksi esai Q ka
l h nsx; hA l hdj esaRkkR;kaVksisdh Nrjh
gSA
a
& rkR;kaVksist S l yesj dksNksM+ d j jkt LFkku dh ckdh l c fj; kl rksaesax; k FkkA

& chdkusj dk egkjkt k l jnkjfl ag , dek=k ' kkl d Fkk] t ksv i uh fj; kl r l sckgj t kdj yM+ k FkkA( fgl kj ds
^ckM+ yw* uked LFkku i j)
& v xzst ksausl jnkjfl a
g dksfVCch i jxusds41 xka o fn, FksA
&t ;iq j dsl okbZjkefl ag usHkh v xzsa
t ksdk l kFk fn; k FkkA
& v xzsa
t ksdsfo: ¼ "kM+ ;a
=k djusokyksadksfxjÝrkj dj fy; k FkkA1- l knq Yyk [ kka2- foyk; r [ kka3- mLeku [ kka
[34]
 & v xzsa
t ksusjkefl ag dks^fl rkj , fgUn* dh mi kf/ nh o dksVi w r yh i jxuk fn; kA
& v yoj dsjkt k cusfl a g dsf[ kyki Qogkadsnhoku i Q t y [ kku usfonzksfg; ksadk l kFk fn; kA
S
& / kS
yi q j dsjkt k HkxoUrfl ag dksfonzksfg; ksal seq Dr djokusdsfy, i fV; kyk l sl suk v k; h FkhA ; gkai j jko
jkepUnzo ghjkyky dsusrR̀o esaØka fr gq bZ
A
& Hkjri qj dsjkt k usPolitical Agent ekW j hl u dksHkjri qj NksM+
usdk l q >ko fn; k FkkA; gkadh xq tZj o eso t urk
fonzkfsg; ksadsl kFk gksx; h FkhA
& chdkusj dsv ejpUn cka fB; k 1857 dh Øka fUr esajkt LFkku dsi gys, sls' kghn Fks] ft Ugsai Qka
l h nh x; hA ; s
Xokfy; j dsuxjl sB Fks] bUgksusa[ kt kusdk l kjs/ u Øka frdkfj; ksaesaforfjr dj fn; kAbUgsaØkfUr dk Hkkek' kkg
dgk t krk gS A
a
&lw ;ZeYy feJ.k o cka fdnkl usv xzsat ksadk l kFk nsusokysjkt kv ksadh fuUnk dhA

jkt LFkku dsfdl ku v ka

nksy u
fct kS
fy; k fdl ku v ka nksy u%
& fct kS fy; k orZeku esaHkhyokM+ k ft ysaesafLFkr gS ] rRdkyhu esokM+fj; krl dk ( v ) Js.kh dk fBdk.kk
a
FkkA
& jk.kk l kaxk usv ' kksd i a okj dksÅi jeky dh t kxhj nsnhAv kS j bl dk eq [ ; ky; fct kSfy; k FkkA
( [ kkuok ds; q¼ esajk.kk l ka xk dh rji Ql sv ' kksd i aokj yM+r k gS
)
a
& fct kS fy; k esa1897 bZ - l sfdl ku v ka
nksy u ' kq
: gksrk gS
A ; g v ka
a nksy u ^/ kdM+* t kfr dsfdl kuksa}kjk
fd; k x; kA

bl v kanksy u dseq [ ; dkj.k% &

& 84 i zd kj dh ykx&ckx ( dj)
& ykVk & dw r k O;oLFkk ( [ ksr essa[ kM+
a hi Q
l yksadsv uq
eku i j)
& pa ojh dj] ryokj ca / kbZdj
& ; g v ka nksy u eq[ ; r%3 pj.kksaesafoHkDr FkkA
& i zFke pj.k & 1897&1914A
& f}rh; pj.k & 1914&1923A
& rr̀h; pj.k & 1923&1941

i zFke pj.k ( 1897&1914 bZ -)

& fxj/ kjh i q
j k uked , d xka o esa, d eR̀;q
Hkkst dsv ol j i j fdl kuksadh l Hkk gq
bZ
] l k/ ql hrkjke nkl
dsdgusi j ukut h o Bkdjh i Vsy dksesokM+egkjk.kk l sfeyusHkst k x; kA
& fj; kl r dh rji Ql sgkfen [ kkadksfBdkusdh t ka p djusdsfy, Hkst k x; kA
& ukut h o Bkdjh i Vsy dksfct kS fy; k Bkdqj usfct kS
fy; k l sfu"dkfl r dj fn; kA
& i gyspj.k esabl v ka nksy u esav f/ d l i Qyrk ughafey i k; h Fkh] v r%; g v kanksy u Lor%Li Q r Zpyrk
w
FkkA
& LFkkuh; usrk& i szepa
n Hkhy] czã nso] i Qrgdj.k pkj.kA

[35]
 f}rh; pj.k ( 1914&1923 bZ -)
& 1906 bZ- esai F̀ohfl a
g fct kS
fy; k dk u; k t kxhjnkj curk gS
A o zt k i j ryokj ca
a / kbZuked , d u; k
dj yxk nsrk gS A
a

ryokj ca / kbZ
& ; g mÙkjkf/ dkj ' kq
Yd Fkk t ksu; sl ka
er }kjk jkt k dksfn; k t krk FkkAesokM+esabl sryokj
ca/ kbZ
] dS
n[ kkyl k] ut jkuk RkFkk ekjokM+esagq
Deukek] i s'kd' kh dgk t krk FkkAt S
l yesj fj; kl r esal kea
r ksa
l s; g dj ughafy; k t krk FkkA

& fot ; fl a
g i fFkd o ekf.kD; yky oekZnksuksav knksa y u l st q
M+
A
sa
& 1917 bZ - esafot ; fl a
g i fFkd us^Åi jeky i a p cksMZ* dh LFkki uk dh A eq Uuk i Vsy dksbl dk v è; {k
cuk; kA
& esa
okM+fj; kl r us1919bZ - esa^fcunq
y ky HkVk̀pk; Z* dh v è; {krk esav k; ksx xfBr fd; k x; kA
& A.G.G. gkW yS. M dsi z;kl ksl sfdl kuksao fj; kl rksadschp l e>kS r k gkst krk gS
] rFkk fdl kuksads35 dj
a
eki Qdj fn; sx; si j fBdkususbl l e>kS r sdksykxwughafd; kA

rr̀h; pj.k ( 1923&1941 bZ -)

& rhl jspj.k esfot ; fl a g i fFkd bl v knka sy u l sv yx gkst krsgS A t eukyky ct kt dksusrR̀o l kS
a ik
a
x; kA
& t eukyky ct kt usgfjHkkÅ mi kè; k; dksv knksa y u dsfu; qDr fd; kA
& esokM+dsi z/kuea =kh jk?kokpkjh o jkt Lo ea =kh eksgufl a
g esgrk dsi z;kl ksal sfdl kuksadsl kFk l e>kS r k gks
x; k v kSj mudh ( fdl kuksa ) eka xseku yh x; hA
& bl i zd kj 1941 bZ - esa; g v ka nksy u l ekIr gksx; kA bl i zd kj ; g l okZ f/ d l e; ( 44 o"kZ ) rd
pyusokyk ; g v fgl a d v ka nksy u FkkA
& x.ks'k ' kad j fo| kFkhZdkui q j l si zd kf' kr v i usl ekpkj i =k ^i zrki * esafct kS
fy; k fdl ku v ka
nksy u dks
i zeq
[ krk l segRo nsrsgS A
a
& ekf.kD; yky oekZv i usi a NhM+ k xhr dsekè; e l sfdl kuksaesat ks'k HkjrsFksA

csa
xwfdl ku v ka nksy u
& csaxworZ eku fpÙkkS M+x<+ft ysesafLFkr gS] ; g Hkh esokM+fj; kl r dk ( v ) Js.kh dk fBdk.kk FkkA
a
& ; gkadk Bkdq j ^v uqi fl a
g pw
Mka
or* FkkA; gkadsfdl ku Hkh fofHkUu ykx&okxksal si js'kku FksAfdl kuka sus
bu djksadksde djusdh eka x dh rksfBdk.ksao fdl kuksadschp l e>kS r k gksx; k i j fj; kl r usbl
l e>kSr sdksv Lohdkj dj fn; k o bl s^cksY' ksfod l e>kS r k* dgk x; kA
& fj; kl r us^VªsUp* dksekeysdh t kp a djusdsfy, Hkst kA
& fdl kuksausVªsUp dk cfg"dkj fd; kA
& xksfoUni qj k xka
o esal Hkk dj jgsfdl kuksai j VªsUp us13 t qy kbZ1923 dksxksy h pyk nh] : i k t h o
dì k t h / kdM+uked nksfdl ku ' kghn gksx, A
& 1926 bZ - esafdl kuksadh ' krsZeku yh t krh gS A
a
& fot ; fl ag i fFkd o jkeukjk; .k pk/Sjh usv knksa y u dk usrR̀o fd; kA

[36]
 cw
nh fdl ku v knksa
a y u@ cj M+fdl ku v knksa y u%
& 1920 bZ - esal k/ ql hrkjke nkl usMkch fdl ku i pka ; r dh LFkki uk dh] ft l dk v è; {k ^gjyk HkM+
d*
dkscuk; k x; kA
& 2 vi Sy 1923 bZ - dksl Hkk dj jgsfdl kuksai j i q fyl v f/ dkjh ^bdjke gq lS
u* usxksy h pyk nhA
& ^ukud t h Hkhy* >a Mk xhr xkrsgq , ' knhn gksx, A
& eq[ ; usrk i f.Mr u; uw j ke ' kekZ
] Hk¡ojyky l q
ukj] ukjk; .kfl a
gA
& bl v knksa
y u esaeq [ ; r%xq tZj fdl kuksausHkkx fy; kA
& bl v knksa
y u esaefgykv ksausHkh Hkkx fy; k FkkA

uhew
p . kk fdl ku v ka nksy u (vyoj)
& 14 ebZ1925 bZ - dksdksuhew p.kk ea sv ka
nksy u dj jgsfdl kuksai j dek.Mj ^Nkt w
fl a
g* usxksy h pyk nh]
dbZfdl ku ekjsx; sA
& ^r: .k jkt LFkku* l ekpkj i =k usbl [ kcj dksl fp=k i zd kf' kr fd; kA
& egkRek xka/ h usbl s^nksgjh M+ k; j' kkgh* dh l a Kk nhA
& fnYyh l si zd kf' kr fj; kl r l ekpkj i =k usbl gR;kdka M dkst fy; kokyk l sHkh v f/ d Hk; kud crk; kA

' ks[kkokVh fd l ku v knksay u%

& 1931bZ -& t kV {ks=kh; egkl Hkk dk xBuA
& 1933bZ -& egkl Hkk dk i gyk v f/ os'ku i yFkkuk ( l hdj) esagqv kA
& dw nu gR;kdk.M ( v i zSy 1934) & dS IVu osc }kjk dh x; h i Q k; fja
x esadbZfdl ku ekjsx; sA bl dh
ppkZfczVsu dsgkÅl v kW i QdkWeUl esagq
bZ
A
& dVjkFky l Eesy u ( 25 v i zS y 1934) & fl gksV dsl kaer }kjk efgykv ksal sfd, x, nq O;Z
ogkj ds fojks/
esa10]000 l sv f/ d efgykv ka sdk l Eesy u gqv kA bl dh v è; {kk fd' kksjhnsoh rFkk eq
[ ; oDrk mÙkeknsoh
FkhA
& t ; fl agi q
j k gR;kdkaM ( 21 t wu 1934) & i zFke gR;kdkaM ft l dsgR;kjksadksl t k l EHko gksl dhA

Hkxr v ka nksy u%
& og v ka nksy u eq
[ ; r%Hkhy t ut kfr dsfdl kuksa}kjk fd; k x; k FkkA
& l jqt h Hkxr o xksfoUn fxjh usbl s' kq : fd; k FkkA
& xksfoUn fxjh us1883 bZ - esa^l Ei l Hkk* dh LFkki uk dhA xksfoUn fxjh n; kuUn l jLorh l si zHkkfor FksA
v r%mUgksusav kfnokfl ; ksadksfgUnw/ eZdsnk; jsesaj[ kusdsfy, Hkxri a Fk dh LFkki uk dhA
& 17 uoECkj 1913 bZ - dksekux<+dh i gkM+ h ( cka
l okM+
k) i j t c Hkhyksadh l Hkk gksjgh Fkh] rc esokM+
Hkhy dksj usi gkM+ h dks?ksj fy; k o xksy h pyk nhA
& 1500 l sv f/ d Hkhy ekjsx; sA bl sjkt LFkku dk t fy; kokyk gR;kdka M dgk t krk gSA
a
& v kt Hkh mudh ; kn esav kf' ou ' kq Dy i w f.kZ
ek dksesy k yxrk gS A
a
& xksfoUn fxjh dh i Q ka
l h dh l t k dks20 o"kZdh dS n esacnyk x; k FkkA ysfdu 10 o"kZckn mUgsafjgk
dj fn; k x; kAv i uk ' ks"k t hou xqt jkr dsdkfEc; k xka o esa' kka
fri w
. kZrjhdsl sxq
t kjkA

[37]
 , d h v kanksy u
& ; sHkkesV {ks=k dsHkhy rFkk xjkfl ; k t ut kfr yksxksa}kjk fd; k x; k Fkk] bl fy, HkkseB & Hkhy v ka nksy u
Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& fpÙkkSM+x<+dsekrd̀q f.M; k uked LFkku l soS ' kk[ k ' kq
Dy i wf.kZ
ek dks; g v ka nksy u ' kq: gqv k FkkA
& ekrd̀q f.M; k dks^jkt LFkku dk gfj}kj* dgrsgS A
a
& bl v ka nksy u dseq [ ; usrk eksy hyky rst kor FksA
& eksrh yky rst kor esokM+fj; kl r ds^>kM+ ksy fBdk.ks* dsdkenkj FksA i zkjEHk esa; g v ka nksy u >kMksy ]
dksVMk o xksxq Unk rgl hyksaesa' kq: gqv k FkkA t ksckn esaMq xji q
a j ] ck¡l okM+k] bZM+j ] fot ; uxj ( xqt jkr dh
, d fj; kl r) v kfn fj; kl rksaesai QyS x; kA
& eksrhyky rst kor usesokM+egkjk.kk dsl e{k 21 l w =kh eka
x&i =k i zLrq
r fd; k Fkk] ft l s^esokM+dh i q d kj*
dgrsgS A
a
& 7 ekpZ1922 bZ - esauheM+k ( fot ; uxj) xka o esagksjgh , d l Hkk i j i q fyl i Q k; fja
x dj nh x; h Fkh]
& eksrh yky rst kor bl v ka nksy u dsckn Hkw fexr gksx, ] i j 1929 esaxka / ht h dsdgusi j bM Zj i qfyl
dsl keusv kRel ei Z . k dj fn; kA
& bZMj fj; kl r usmUgsaesokM+dksl kiS a fn; k] esokM+dh l oksZ Pp U;kf; d l a LFkk ^egkbUnzkt l Hkk* us
eksrhyky rst kor l sfj; kl r dsfo: ¼ dksbZxfrfof/ ughadjusdk fyf[ kr v k' okl u eka xkA
& xka/ ht h dsl gk; d ef.kyky dksBkjh dsgLr{ksi l sl e>kS r k gq
v kA
& 1936 bZ - esaeksrhyky rst kor dksfjgk dj fn; k x; kA

egkbUnzkt l Hkk& esokM+dk l oksZ

Pp U;k; ky; ft l dh LFkki uk 1880 bZ
- esaegkjk.kk l Tt ufl a
g }kjk dh
xbZA

esokM+Hkhy dksj& bl dh LFkki uk 1841bZ

- esadh xbZ
A bl dk eq
[ ; dsUnz[ kS
j okM+
k ( mn; i q
j ) FkkA

eh. kk t kfr dk v ka nksy u

& 19254 bZ - esa^v ki jkf/ d t kfr v f/ fu; e* cukdj eh.kk t kfr dh ml dsv UrxZ r j[ k fn; k x; kA 1930
esa^t ; jk; e i s'kk* dkuw u dsrgr i zR;sd eh.kk L=kh&i q : "k dksFkkusesagkft jh yxokuk v fuok; Zdj fn; k
x; kA
& 1933 esaeh.kk {ks=kh; egkl Hkk dh LFkki uk dh x; hAo egkl Hkk usbl dkuw u dksfujLr djusdh eka x
dhA
& 1944 bZ - esaeqfu exu l kxj dsusrR̀o esal hdj dsuhedk; kuk esa, d eh.kk l Eesy u cq y ok; k x; k v kS
j
eh.kk l ekt dksmudsxkS j o' kkyh v rhr l sv oxr djok; k x; kA
& eq fu exul kxj usehui q j k.k uked xza Fk dh jpuk dhA
& ca ' kh/ j ' kekZus1944 bZ - esat ; i q
j eh.kk l q
/ kj l fefr dh LFkki uk dhA
& 28 v DVw cj 1946 dksackxkokl l Eesy u esal Hkh pkS d hnkj eh.kkv ka
susv i usi nksl sbLrhi Q
snsfn; srFkk
bl seq fDr fnol ds: i esaeuk; kA
& v kt knh dsckn 1952 esat jk; e i 'skk dkuw u dksjn~ n dj fn; k x; kA

[38]
 i zt ke.My v ka
nksy u
& 1927 bZ - esav f[ ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd i fj"kn dh LFkki uk dh x; hA ( cEcbZesa )
& fot ; fl a
g i fFkd dksbl dk mi kè; {k cuk; k x; kA
& 1928 bZ - esa^jkt i wr kuk ns'kh jkT; yksd i fj"kn* dk xBu fd; k x; kA
& 1931 bZ - esv t esj esabl dk i gyk v f/ os'ku gq v kA v è; {k& jkeukjk; .k pkS
/ jh
& 1938 bZ - dsdka xzsl dsgfji q j k v f/ os'ku esafj; kl rksa( ns'kh) esapy jgsv kanksy uksadksdka
xzsl usl eFkZ
u
fn; kA ( v è; {k& l q Hkk"kpUnzcksl)

1- t ; i q
j i zt keaMy
&la LFkki d& di w j pUn i kVuh
Z
& 1936 bZ - t euk yky ct kt usbl dk i q uxZBu fd; k v kS j fpja
t h yky feJ dksbl dk v è; {k cuk; kA
& 17 fl rEcj 1942 bZ - esat ; i jq dsi z/kuea =kh fet kZbLekby o t ; i q j i zt kea
My dsusrk ghjkyky ' kkL=kh
dschp , d l e>kS r k gqv k] ft l s^t sUVyeS u , xzhesUV* dgk x; kA
& bl dsrgr t ; i q j i zt kea
My us; g dgk fd og Hkkjr NksMksv ka nksy u esaHkkx ughaysxkA
( fet kZbLekby& v k/ q fud t ; i qj dk fuekZ r k)
& t ;iq j i zt kea
My dsv l ra "V dk; Z
q d ÙkkZv ksausckck gfj' pUnzdsusrR̀o esa, d v kt kn ekspkZdk xBu
fd; k o bl v kt kn ekspkZusHkkjr NksM+ ksv ka nksy u esaHkkx fy; kA

[39]
 & v kt kn ekspkZdsusrk& jkedj.k t ks'kh] nkS
y rey Hka
Mkjh] xqy kcpUn dkl yhoky
& 1945bZ - esausg: t h dsdgusi j v kt kn ekspkZdk i zt kea
My esafoy; gksx; kA

2- cwa
nh i zt kea
My
&la LFkki d& dka fryky] Í f"knÙk esgrk] fuR;kuUnA
& Í f"knÙk esgrk us^cw nh jkT; yksd i fj"kn* dh LFkki uk Hkh dh FkhA
a
& Í f"knÙk esgrk us1923 esaC;koj l s^jkt LFkku* uked l kIrkfgd l ekpkj i =k fudkykA bl esagkM+
kS
r h {k=
sk
dh [ kcjsai zd kf' kr gksrh FkhA

3- ekj okM+ i zt kea My

& 1918 bZ - esapkaney l q j k.kk usekjokM fgrdkfj.kh l Hkk dh LFkki uk dhA
& 1920 bZ - esat ; ukjk; .k O;kl us^ekjokM+l sok l a ?k* dh LFkki uk dhA 1920&21 esaekjokM+l sok l a ?k us
rkS
y v ka nksy u pyk; k FkkA ( 100 rksy sdsLFkku i j 80 rksy sdk , d l sj dj fn; k x; kA)
& 1929 bZ - esat ; ukjk; .k O;kl usekjokM+jkT; yksd i fj"kn~dh LFkki uk dhA 1931 esabl dk v f/
os'ku i "qdj esagq v k bl dh v è; {krk pkndj.k ' kkjnk usdhA bl v f/ dos'ku esadkdk dkysjdj o
dLrw j ck xka/ h v k, FksA
& 10 ebZ1931 bZ - esat ; ukjk; .k O;kl usMarwar Youth league dh LFkki uk dhA
& 1932 bZ - esat ks/i q
j esaLok/ hurk fnol euk; k x; kA Nxu jkt pkS i kl uh okyk usfrja
xk >aMk i Q
gjk; kA
& 1934 bZ - esaHkoa j yky l jkZ i QusekjokM+i zt kea My dh LFkki uk dhA
& 1936 bZ - & d`".kk fnol ( ckW Ecs)
& f' k{kk fnol ( t ks/i q j)
& t ; ukjk; .k O;kl dst k/si q j i zos'k i j i kca
nhA
& 1937 bZ - esachdkusj egkjkt k xa xkfl a
g ust ks/i q
j dsi z/kuea =kh MksUkkYM i QhYM dksi =k fy[ kdj
t ; ukjk; .k O;kl dsi zos'k l EcU/h yxh i kcUnh dksgVkusdh eka x dhA
& Hkkjr NksM+ ksv kUnksy u dsnkS j ku 19 t wu 1942 dkst sy esaHkw [ k gM+ r ky dj jgsckyeq dqUn fcLl k dh
eR̀;qgksx; h] ckyeq dqUn fcLl k ust ks/i qj esa^t okgj [ kknh Hk.Mkj* dh LFkki uk dhA

ckyd`".k dkS
y usv t esj esat sy ksaesadq
O;oLFkk dsfo: ¼ gM+
r ky dh FkhA

& Hkkjr NksM+ksv ka

nksy u dsnkS
j ku t ; ukjk; .k O;kl fl ok.kk fdysesaut jca
n fd; k x; kA v U; usrkv ksadks
t kykS
j fdysesaut jca n fd; k x; kA
& t ; ukjk; .k O;kl dh i q Lrds% & 1- ekjokM+dh v oLFkk 2- i ksik ckbZdh i ksy
& l ekpkj i =k 1- v [ k.M Hkkjr 2- v ka xhck.k 3- i hi

MkcMk dkM a%& 13 ekpZ1947

& MhMokuk i jxusdsMkcMk xka o esa, d fdLkku eksrhyky ds?kj i j l Hkk gksjgh Fkh] i q
fyl usi Q
k; fja
x
dj nhA 12 yksx ekjsx; sA
& eFkq
j k nkl ekFkq
j ?kk; y gksx; sA

p.Mkoy v knksa
y u & ( 1942&45)

[40]
 4-chdkusj i zt kea My %
& dUgS ; kyky <a <+o Lokeh xksikynkl us1913 esapq
q : esa^l oZ
fgrdkfj.kh l Hkk* dh LFkki uk djhA
& dUgS ; kyky <q <+us^dU;k fo| ky; * o dchj i kB' kkyk ( nfyr f' k{kk) [ kksy ha
a A
& 1930 bZ - esapq : ds/ eZ Lrwi i j frjaxk i Q
gjk fn; kA
& egkjkt k xxka fl a
g t c xksy est l Eesy u esaHkkx ysusdsfy, yUnj x, rc ^pUnuey cgM+o Lokeh
xksikynkl * uschdkusj fnx~ &n' kZ
u uked i f=kdka , caVok; hA bu i j 1932 bZ- esachdkusj "kM; a
=k dsl
pyk; k x; kA

& 1936 bZ - esaoS| e?kkjke usdydÙkk esachdkusj i zt kea My dh LFkki uk dhA

& 1942 bZ - esa^j?kq
oj n; ky xks;y* uschdkusj jkT; yksd i fj"kn dh LFkki uk dhA
& 26 v DVw Ecj 1944 dkschdkusj neu fojks/h fnol cuk; k x; kA
&1tq y kbZ1946 dksjk; fl a g uxj esat q yw l fudky jgsi zt kea My dsdk; Z ØrkZv ksa i j i Q
k; fja
x dj nh
x; hA chjcjfl a g uked , d ; q od ekjk x; kA 17 t q y kbZ1946 dkschdkusj fj; kl r esachjcy fnol
euk; k x; kA
& ba
fnjk xka / h ugj dh t S l yesj ' kk[ kk dks^chjcy ' kk[ kk* uke fn; k x; kA
& chdkusj i zt keaMy dsrgr gh nq / ok&[ kkjk ( pw
: ) ] egkt u ( chdkusj) ] mnkl j ( chdkusj) v kfn fdl ku
v knksa
y u pyk; sx; sA

5-/ kSyi qj i zt keaMy

&la LFkki d& d`".knÙk i kyhoky ( v k; Zl ekt dsusrk J¼kuUn l jLorh dsdgusi j)
& rl heksdk.M & v i zS y 1947 esai zt keaMy dsl nL; ksai j i Q
k; fja
x dh x; hA Nrjfl a
g o i pa
efl a
g
' kghn gksx, A
& Mxwa ji qj i zt kea
My ( 26 t uojh 1944)
& LFkki uk%eksxhyky i ka M~
; k o gfjnso t ks'kh usdhA

6- esokM+ i zt kea
My
&l L aFkki d& cyoa r fl a
g esgrk ( v è; {k) ] Hkw
j sy ky c; k ( mi kè; {k) ekf.kD; yky oekZ( egkeU=kh)
& esokM+i zt keaMy dh xfrfof/ ; ka si j fj; kl r usi kcUnh yxk nhA v r%ekf.kD; yky oekZusv t esj l s
bl dk l a pkyu fd; kA
& ^esokM+dk orZ eku ' kkl u* uked i q Lrd ekf.kD; yky oekZusfy[ khA
& 1941 bZesaesokM+i zt kea My dk i gyk v f/ os'ku mn; i q j esagq v kA
& ekf.kD; yky oekZbl dsv è; {k FksA
& t -s i h- dì ykuh o fot ; y{eh i a fMr bl esaHkkx ysusdsfy, mn; i q j v k, A
& 1946 bZ - esav f[ ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd i fj"kn dk l krokav f/ os'ku mn; i q j esagq
v kA
^t okgj yky usg: * o ^' ks[k v Cnq Yyk* bl esaHkkx ysusdsfy, mn; i q j v k, A
& Hkkjr NksM+ ksv ka
nksy u esaekf.kD; yky oekZdh i Ruh ukjk; .kh nsoh oekZv i us6 eghusdsi q =k nhucU/q
dksl kFk ysd j t sy x; hA
& I; kjsyky fc' uksbZdh i Ruh Hkxorh fCk' uksbZHkh t sy x; h FkhA
& HkhyokM+ k Hkh esokM+i zt kea
My dh xfrfo/ ; ksadk i zeq [ k dsUnzFkkA
& HkhyokM+ k dsjes'k pUnzO;kl esokM+i zt kea My dsi gysl R;kxzgh FksA
& ukFk}kjk Hkh esokM+i zt kea My dk v U; dsUnzFkkA

[41]
 7- ' kkgi qj k i zt keaMy %
&la LFkki d& yknw j ke O;kl o jes'kpUnzv ks>kA ( ekf.kD; yky oekZdsdgusi j)
& ' kkgi q
j k i gyh fj; kl r Fkh] ft l esai w. kZmÙkjnk; h ' kkl u dh LFkki uk dh x; h ( xksd q
y yky v l kok ds
usrR̀o esa )
& ' kkgi jqk dsjkt k ^l q n' kZ
u nso* usi zt keaMy dksv i uk l eFkZ u fn; kA

8- d j kS
y h i zt kea
My
&l aLFkki d& f=kyksd pUn ekFkq
j ] fpja
t h yky ' kekZ
] dq
oj enufl a
a gA
& dq oj enufl a
a g us1927bZ
- esafdl ku v knksa
y u pyk; kA

9-v y oj i zt keaMy
& bl dh LFkki uk gfjukjk; .k ' kekZusdh] bl dsi gysv f/ os'ku dsv è; {k Hkokuh ' ka d j ' kekZFksA
& v yoj i zt kea My usHkh Hkjr NksMk+sv ka nksy u esaHkkx ughafy; k FkkA
& gfjukjk; .k ' kekZusokfYedh l a ?k] v kfnokl h l a?k o v Li `' ; rk fuokj.k l a
?k LFkkfi r fd, A

10- Hkj r i q
j i zt kea
My
& LFkki uk& t q
xyfd' kksj prq
oZ
snh usjsokM+
h esabl dh LFkki uk dhA
& v è; {k & xksih yky ; kno
& fd' kuyky t ks'kh] ekLVj v fnR;sUnz& Hkjri q
j i zt k i fj"kn
& i zt ke.My dk l ekpkj i =k& ^oS Hko*

11- d ksVk i zt kea

My %
&la LFkki d& i f.Mr u; uw j ke ' kekZ
] v fHkUUk gfjA
& u; uwj ke ' kekZusdksVk jkT; esacsxkj fojks/h v kanksy u pyk; kA

u; uw
j ke ' kekZus1934 esagkMkS
r h i zt kea
My dh LFkki uk dhA

& dksVk i zt kea

My dk i gyk v f/ os'ku ekaxjksy ( ckjka
) esagqv k FkkA
& 1942 bZ - ukFkw
y ky t S
u rFkk eksrh yky dsusrR̀o esai zt kea
My dsl nL; ksausdksVk dsi z'kkl u i j dCt k
dj fy; k FkkA
& dkWy st dh Nk=kkv ksausjkei q
j k dksrokyh i j dCt k dj fy; k FkkA

12-fd ' kux<+i zt kea

My
& Lka
LFkki d& dkafryky pkS
Fkkuh] t eky ' kkgA

13-fl j ksgh i zt kea

My
& LFkki uk& xksd q y HkkbZHkV` usckW
Ecsesadh FkhAxksd q
y HkkbZHkV~
V dksjkt LFkku dk xka
/ h dgk t krk gS
A
a

14-d q
' kyx<+i zt kea
My
&la LFkki d& Hka
ojyky fuxeA

[42]
 15- cka l okM+
k i zt kea My %
&l LaFkki d& Hkw i sUnzukFk f=kosnh] ef.k' ka
d j ukxj] / w
y t h HkkbZHkkol kjA
& Hkw
i sUnzukFk f=kosnh cEcbZl s^l a xzke* uked l ekpkj i =k fudkyrsFksA
& bl i zt keaMy esa, d efgyk ea My dk xBu ^fot ; k cfgu Hkkol kj* usfd; k FkkA

16- Mw xaji q My ( 1 v xLr 1944)

j i zt kea
&l L
aFkki d%Hkksxhyky i ka
M~
; k ( okxM+dk xka
/ h) ] gfjnso t ks'kh] xkS
j h' ka
d j mi kè; k; ( l ekpkj i =k& l sod)

jkLrki ky dkaM ( 19 t w u 1947)

& l sok l a
?k }kjk LFkkfi r Ldw y dksca n djokusx; sfj; kl r dsl S fudksaus, d f' k{kd ukukHkkbZdh gR;k
dj nh o nw l jsf' k{kd l sXkka
HkkbZdksxkM+
h dsi hNsd j ?kl hV jgsFks] rc , d dkyhckbZuked , d
ohjckfydk usv i uh gfl a ; k l smu jfLl ; ksadksdkV fn; k] i j [ kq
n iqfyl dh xksfy; ksadh f' kdkj gks
x; hA
& Mq xji q
a j esaxsi l kxj rkykc dsi kl dkyhckbZrFkk ukukHkkbZdh i zfrek yxh gq ; h gS
A
a
& jkt LFkku l jdkj ckfydk f' k{kk ds{ks=k esadkyhckbZdsuke l si q j Ldkj nsrh gSA
a

iw
ukokM+
k dk.M
& v è; ki d f' kojke Hkhy dsl kFk ekji hVA

& bl i zt kea
My esafj; kl rh v U;k; i w
. kZuhfr; ksadsfo: ¼ t ut kxf̀r gsrqi z;k.k l Hkkv ksadk v k; kst u fd; k
x; kA

17-t Sl y esj i zt kea

My
&tS l yesj i zt kea
My dh LFkki uk ehBkyky O;kl ust ks/i q
j esadhA
& i zt kea
My dsl nL; l kxjey xksik dkst sy esat ykdj gR;k dj nh x; hA

18-i zrki x<+ i zt kea

My
&la LFkki d& BDdj cki k] v er̀yky i k; d] pq
Uuhyky i zHkkdjA

19- >ky kokM+ i zt kea

My
&l LaFkki d& eka
xhyky HkO; usdhA
& >kykokM+esaLoa ; jkt jk.kk gfj' pUnz( jkt k) dsusrR̀o esai w
. kZmÙkjnk; h ' kkl u dh LFkki uk dh x; hA

[43]
 jkt LFkku dk, dhdj.k
&5 tq y kbZ1947 dksfj; kl rh l fpoky; dh LFkki uk dh x; hA
& fj; kl rh l fpoky; dsv uq l kj osfj; kl rsaft udh v k; 1 djksM+l sv f/ d gkso t ul a [ ; k 10 yk[ k
l sv f/ d gks] v i uk Lora =k v fLrRo j[ k l drh gS A
a
& ml l e; jkt LFkku esa, slh 4 fj; kl rsaFkhA
1- t ; i q
j 2- t ks/i q
j 3- m; ni qj 4- chdkusj
& 18 t yqkbZ1947 dks/ kjk& 8 dsrgr ns'kh fj; kl rksai j l sfczfV' k l pksZ Pprk l ekIr dj nh x; hA
( Lora =krk v f/ fu; e dsrgr)
& v kt knh dsl e; jkt LFkku esa19 fj; kl rsa ] 3 fBdk.ks ( 1- ykok 2- uhejk.kk 3- dq ' kyx<+) o , d dsUnz
' kkfl r i zns'k ( v t esj esjokM+ k) FkkA
& esokM+egkjk.kk Hkw i kyfl a
g usjkt LFkku xq t jkr o ekyok dh fj; kl rksadksfeykdj jkt LFkku ; w fu; u cukus
dk i zLrko j[ kk] bl dsfy, 25] 26 t w u 1947 dksv f/ os'ku Hkh cq y k; kA bl esa22 jkt kv ksausHkkx
fy; k] i j t ; i q j ] t ks/i qj v kSj chdkusj dsfj; kl rksads: fp ughaysusdsdkj.k ; g fu.kZ ; iQ yhHkw
r
ughagksl dkA

i zFke pj . k% eR L; l a ?k
& Hkjri jq] / kS yi q
j ] v yoj o djkS y h fj; kl rksao uhejk.kk fBdkusdksfeykdj eRL; l a ?k cuk; k x; kA
& eRL; l a ?k dk ukedj.k ds- , e- eq ' kh usfd; kA
a
& / kS y i jq egkjkt k mn; Hkkufl a g & jkt i zeq
[k
& djkS y h egkjkt k x.ks'ki kyfl a g & mi jkt i zeq
[k
& v yoj & jkt / kuh
& Hkjri jq & mn~ ?kkVu
& eRL; l a ?k dk mn~ ?kkVu 18 ekpZ1948 dksHkjri q j dsfdysea sdsUnzh; [ kfut ea
=kh , u- oh- xkMfoy us
fd; kA
& ' kksHkkjke dq ekor ( v yoj ds) dkseRL; l a ?k dk i z/kuea
=kh cuk; k x; kA
&tq xy fd' kksj prq osZ
nh dksmi i z/kuea=kh cuk; k x; kA
* v yoj o Hkjri q j fj; kl rksadk fu; =a
k.k Hkkjr l jdkj usi gysgh v i usdCt sesaysfy; k FkkA

f} r h; pj . k%j kt LFkku l a ?k@i woZj kt LFkku

& 9 fj; kl r $ 1 fBdkusdksfeykdj jkt LFkku l a ?k dkscuk; k x; kA
& dksVk] cw nh] >kykokM+
a ] i zrki x<+
] Ma
xqji q
j ] ckal okM+
k] fd' kux<+] Vksa
d ] ' kkgi q
j k] dq
' kyx<+( fBdkuk)
& dksVk & jkt / kuh
& dksVk egkjkt k Hkhefl a g & jkt i zeq
[k
& cw nh egkjkt k cgknq
a j fl a
g & ofj"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& Mq xaji q
j dsy{e.kfl a g & dfu"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& ' kkgi q j k dsxksd q
y yky v l kok & i z/kuea =kh
& 25 ekpZ1948 dks, u- oh- xkMfoy usdksVk esamn~ ?kkVu fd; kA
& ' kkgi q j k o fd' kux<+nks, slh fj; kl rsaFkh] ft Uga srksiksdh l ykeh dk v f/ dkj ughaFkkA
& cka l okMk egkjkoy punzohjfl a g usfoy; i =k i j gLrk{kj djrsgw , dgk Fkk fd esav i usDeath Warant
i j gLrk{kj dj jgk gw A
a

[44]
 r r̀ h; pj . k& l a ;q
Dr j kt LFkku
& jkt LFkku l a ?k $ esokM+
& esokM+jk.kk Hkw i kyfl a g & jkt i zeq[k
& dksVk egkjkt k Hkhefl a g & mi jkt i zeq [k
& cw n
ah egkjkt k cgknq j fl a
g & ofj"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& Mq xji q
a j egkjkoy y{e.kfl a g & dfu"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& 18 v i zS y 1948 dksmn; i q j esat okgj yky usg: usmn~ ?kkVu fd; kA
& bl esa; g fu.kZ ; fy; k x; k fd l a ;q Dr jkt LFkku l a
?k dk i zfro"kZ, d v f/ os'ku dksVk esagksxk v kS
j dksVk
dsfodkl dsfy, fo' ks"k i z;kl fd; st k, xsa A
& jkt / kuh & mn; i q j
& esokM+egkjk.kk Hkw i kyfl a g dks20 yk[ k : - l kykuk ( fi zoh i l Zds: i esa ) fn; t kusFks] ft uesal s
10 yk[ k : - & fi zoh i l Z
5 yk[ k : - & jkt i zeq [ k ds: i esaosru
5 yk[ k : - & / kfeZ d dk; ksZdsfy, fn, x, A
& i z/kuea =kh & ekf.kD; yky oekZ
& mi i z/kuea =kh & xksd q y yky v l kok
& bl esaea f=keaMy esal keUrksadks' kkfey djusl sxfrjks/ mRiUu gksx; kA

pr q FkZpj . k%og̀r ~j kt LFkku

&la ;q
Dr jkt LFkku l a ?k $ chdkusj] t ks/i q j] t ; i qj] t S
l yesj
& esokM+egkjk.kk Hkw i kyfl a
g & egkjkt i zeq[k
& t ;iq j jkt l okbZekufl a g f}rh; & jkt i zeq[k
& t ks/i q j jkt k guoUrfl a g & ofj"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& dksVk egkjkt k Hkhefl a g & ofj"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& cw n
ah dscgknw j fl a
g & dfu"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& Mq xa
ji q
j dsy{e.kfl a g & dfu"B mi jkt i zeq [k
& l R;ukjk; .k jko l fefr dh fl i Q kfj' k i j t ; i qj dksjkt / kuh cuk; kA
& 30 ekpZ1949 dksoYyHk HkkbZi Vsy ust ; i q j esamn~ ?kkVu fd; kA
& bl fnu dks^jkt l Fkku fnol * ds: i esaeuk; k t krk gS A
a
& i /zkuea =kh & ghjkyky ' kkL=kh
& t ks/i q j & gkbZdksVZ
& chdkusj & f' k{kk foHkkxA
& Hkjri q j & df̀"k foHkkxA
& dksVk & ou , oal gdkjh foHkkxA
& mn; i q j & [ kfut foHkkxA
t ; i jq dsjkt k dks18 yk[ k : - PRIVI PURSE ds: i esafn, A
& t ks/i q j & 17-5 yk[ k : -
& chdkusj & 17 yk[ k : -

[45]
 p e pj . k%l a
ia ;q
Dr og̀n j kt LFkku
& og̀n jkt LFkku $ eRL; l a ?k ( 15 ebZ1949)
& ' kksHkkjke dq
ekor dks' kkL=kh eaf=kea
My esa' kkfey dj fy; k x; kA
& ' ka
d jjko nso l fefr dh fl i Q kfj' k dsv k/ kj i j eRL; l a
?k dk foy; fd; k x; kA

"k"Be~pj . k&j kt LFkku

&la ;qDr og̀n jkt LFkku $ fl jksgh ( v kcwo nsy okM+k dksNksM+
d j)
& 26 t uojh 1950
& v kcwo nsy okM+ k l fgr 89 xka
o ckW
EcsjkT; eas' kkfey fd, x, Axksd q
y HkkbZHkV~
V dk gkFky xka
o
jkt LFkku esa' kkfey fd; k x; kA
& ghjkyky ' kkL=kh & i gyseuksuhr eq [ ; ea
=kh

l Ir e~pj . k
&iQ t y v yh dh v è; {krk esajkT; i q uxZBu v k; ksx dk xBu fd; k x; k Fkk ( rhu l nL; h; )
& ds- , e- i f.kDdj ( chdkusj dh rji Ql sl a fo/ ku l Hkk esat kusokysl nL; )
& ân; ukFk dq ta:
& bl dh fl i Q kfj' kksadsv k/ kj i j 1 uoEcj 1956 dksv t esj&esjokM+ k dk jkt LFkku esafoy; dj fn; k
x; kA
& v t esj dksjkt LFkku dk 26 okaft yk cuk; k x; kA
& v kcwo nsy okM+ k jkt LFkku esafeyk; sx, A
& eè; i nzs'k dk l q usy VIIkk jkt LFkku esafeyk; k x; kA
& jkt LFkku dk fl jksa t eè; i zns'k esafeyk; kAx; kA
& bl l e; jkt LFkku dseq [ ; ea =kh ekg
suyky l q[ kkfM+
; k FksA
& jkt i ezq
[ k dk i n l ekIr dj fn; k x; kA ( 7osal a fo/ ku l a' kks/u 1956 }kjk)
& l jnkj xq : eq
[ k fugkyfl a g dksjkt LFkku dk i gyk jkT; i ky cuk; k x; kA

v t esj&esjokM+ k , d dsUnz'kkfl r i zns'k Fkk ft l esa30 l nL; ksadh / kjk l Hkk gksrh FkhA bl dseq
[ ; ea
=kh
gfjHkkÅ mi kè; k; FksA
bUgksa
usav t esj dsjkt LFkku esafoy; dk fojks/ fd; k FkkA

[46]
 jkt LFkku dsR;kS
gkj
a
1- pS=k & cl Ur Í rq i kS
"k&ek?k & t uojh
2- cS
' kk[ k & xzh"e ek?k&i Q kYxq u &iQ jojh
3- T; s"B & xzh"e iQ kYxq u&pS =k & ekpZ
4- v k"kk<+ & o"kkZ pS =k&oS ' kk[ k & v i zS
y
5- Jko.k & o"kkZ oS' kk[ k&T; s"B & ebZ
6- Hkknzin & ' kjn~Í rq T; s"B&v k"kk<+ & t w u
7- v kf' ou & ' kjn~Í rq v k"kk<+ &Jko.k & t q y kbZ
8- dkfrZ d & gseUr Í rq Jko. k&Hkknzin & v xLr
9- ekxZ ' kh"kZ & gseUr Í rq Hkknzin&v kf' ou & fl rEcj
10- i kS"k & f' kf' kj Í rq v kf' ou&dkfrZ d & v DVw cj
11- ek?k & f' kf' kj Í rq dkfrZ d &ekxZ ' kh"kZ& uoEcj
12- i Q kYxq u & cl Ur Í rq ekxZ ' kh"kZ
&i kS"k & fnl Ecj
& foØe l a or~pS=k ' kq
Dy , de~l s' kq
: gksrk gS
A
a
& vaxzst h efguksal scjkcj djusdsfy, i zR;d s rhl jso"kZ, d eghuk nksckj fxuk t krk gS a
] ft l sv f/
dekl dgrsgS A
a
J ko. k
d`".k i {k
1- i a
peh& ukx i a peh 1- rr̀h; k& NksVh rht
2- uoeh & fuMjh uoeh ( usoysdh i w t k dh t krh gS
A)
a &t ;iq j dh l okjh i zfl ¼ gSA
a
3- v ekoL; k& gfj; kyh v ekoL; k & uofookfgrk ygfj; k v ks<+ uh i gurh gS A
a
& dYi o`{k esy k& eka xfy; kokl ( v t esj) & uofookfgrk dsfy, l l q j ky l sfl a
t kjk
&iQ rsg l kxj esy k & mn; i q
j v krk gS
A
a
& cq<+k t kS
gM+esy k& Jhxa
xkxuj 2- i w
f.kZ
ek& j{kk cU/u
& ukfj; y i w f.kZ
ek
& Jo.kdq ekj dh i w
t k dh t krh gS A
a

[47]
 ` Hkknzin
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- rr̀h; k& cM+h rht ] cq<+h rht ] l krq
Mh rht ] 1- f}rh; k& ckcsjh cht ( jkenso t ; a r h)
dt yh rht & f}rh; k l s, dkn' kh rd jkensojk ( t S l yesj)
xrk gS
a & cw
n
ah dh l okjh i zfl ¼ gS A
a esajkenso esy k yxrk gS A ft l sekjokM+dk
a
2- "k"Bh& Åc NB@ gyNB ( cyjke t ; a r h) dqHk dgrsgS
a A
a
3- v "Veh& d`".k t Uek"VehA 2- prq FkhZ& x.ks'k prq FkhZ
] f' ko prq FkhZ
] dya d
4- uoeh& xksxkuoeh prq FkhZ] prjk pkS FkA
& esy s& nnjsok ( pq : ) ] xksxkesM+
h ( guqekux<+
) & esy s& f=kus=k x.ks'k esy k ( j.kFkEHkkS j)
& fdl ku gy dksukSxka B okyh jk[ kh ck/ark gSA
a & pq / h rhFkZesy k ( t S
a l yesj)
5- }kn' kh& cNckjl A 3- i a
peh& Í f"k i a peh ( l IrÍ f"k dh i w t k)
6- v ekoL; k& l rh v ekoL; k & esy s& Hkkst u Fkkyh esy k& dkeka
& >a >q
quwesajkuh l rh dk esy k yxrk gS A
a ( Hkjri q
j)
esy k & ekgs'ojh l ekt dk j{kkcU/u
4- v "Veh& jk/ kv "Veh
& l ysekckn ( v t esj) esafuEckdZ
l Ei znk; dk esy kA
5- n' keh& rst k n' keh ( i jcrl j esai ' kqesy k)
& [ kst M+ y h o`{k esy kA
6- , dkn' kh& t y>w y uh , dkn' kh @nso >q y uh
, dkn' khA
7- prq nZ' kh& v uUr prq nZ
' kh ( x.ks'k fol t Z u)
8- i w
f.kZ
ek& Jk¼ i zkjEHkA

v kf' ou
ksLuku d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- Jk¼ i {k& d`".k i {k dh , de~l sv ekoL; k rd Jk¼ pyrsgS A
a 1- , de~ %& ' kjn uojk=kk i zkjEHk
& Jk¼ i {k esal ka
>h dh i wt k dh t krh gSA
a 2- v "Veh& nq xkZ
"Veh @gksek"Veh
s & eRL; sUnzukFk ea
+ fnj ( mn; i q
j ) l ka
>h dk ea
fnj dgykrk gSA
a 3- n' keh% & n' kgjk
& Jk¼ i {k dsv a fre fnu ( v ekoL; k) dksFkEcqM+
k ozr fd; k - [ kst M+ h o`{k dh i w t k dh t krh gS A
a
t krk gS
A
a - gfFk; kjksadh i w t k Hkh dh t krh gS A
a
- bl fnu yhyVka l i {kh ( fpfM+ ; k) ds
n' kZ
u ' kq
Hk ekust krsgS A
a
- dUgS ; kyky l sfB; k usyhyVka l uked
dfork fy[ kh gS A
a
- dksVk@eS lwj ( dukZ VD)dkn' kgjki zfl ¼
gSA
a
4- i w
f.kZ
ek% & ' kjn~i wf.kZ
ek@jkl i w
f.kZekk
( pUnzek 16 dykv ksal si fji w . kZgksrk
gSA)
a

[48]
 dkfrZ
d
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- prq FkhZ %& djok pkS Fk 1- , de~ %& xkso/ Zu iw tk
2- v "Veh% & v gksbZv "Veh & ukFk}kjk & v Uudw V egksRl o
3- =k; ksn' kh& / ursjl 2- f}rh; k & HkS ; k nw
t
& Í f"k / UkoUrfj dh i w t k dh t krh gS
A
a 3- v "Veh& xksik"Veh
5- prq nZ ' kh& : i pkS nl @NksVh nhi koyh 4- uoeh& v ka oyk uoeh @v {k; uoeh
6- v ekoL; k& nhi koyh 5- , dkn' kh& nso mBuh X; kjl @ i zcksf/ uh
& nhi koyh dksHkxoku egkohj o n; kuUn l jLorh 6- i w
f.kZ
ek& l R;ukjk; .k i w
f.kZ
ek
dk fuokZ . k fnol A & esy s& i q
"dj ( v t esj)
& dksy k; r ( chdkusj)
& pUnzHkkxk& >kyjki kVu

ek?k
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- prqFkhZ
& fry prq FkksZ
]lad V gj.k prq FkhZ 1- i a
peh& ca l r ia peh
- pkSFk dk cjokM+ k ( l - ek/ ksiq
j ) ea
sesy k Hkjrk gS
A
a - l jLorh t ; a r hA
2- , dkn' kh& "kV~
fryk , dkn' kh - jkt LFkku esackfydk f' k{kk dsfy, xkxhZi q j Ldkj
3- v ekoL; k& ekS uh v ekoL; k fn; k t krk gSA
a
3- i w
f.kZ
ek% & cs.ks'oj esy k& uokVki jk ( Mw
xji q
a j)
- ; gkaf' kofyxa5 LFkkuksal s[ kafMr gSA
a
- cs.ks'oj esy sdksv kfnokfl ; ksadk dq EHk dgrsgS a
- okxM+dk i q "dj
- bl fnu gksy h dk Ma Mk jksi.k fd; k t krk gS A
a

iQ
kYxq
u
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- =k; ksn' kh& egkf' kojkf=k 1- f}rh; k& i Q y sjk nw
q t
f' kokM+( l okbZek/ ksiq j ) esa 2- i w
f.kZek & gksy h
?kq' es'oj egknso dk esy k Hkjrk gS
A
a & C;koj esagksy h i j ckn' kkg dh l okjh
fudkyh t krh gS A
a
- fHkuk; & dksM+ kekj gksy h
- egkohj t h& yV~ Bekj gksy h
- ckM+ esj & i RFkj ekj gksy hA
- ckM+ esj esabykst h dh l okjh fudkyh t krh gS A
a
- l ka
xksn( dksVk) & Ugk.k
- t ;iq j esat Ue] ej.k] i j.k dk R;kS
gkj euk; k
a
t krk gS A
a
[49]
 pS
=k
d`".k i {k ' kq
DYk i {k
1- , de~&/q y .Mh 1- , de~ & foØeh l a or~' kq: gksrk gS A
a
2- v "Veh& ' khryk v "VehA - cl Ur uojkf=k ' kq :A
& pkdl w( t ; i qj ) esax/ ksdk esy k yxrk gS A
a - og̀r~jkt LFkku dk xBu
3- v "Veh@ uoeh& Í "kHknso esy k ( / qy so&mn; i q
j) 2- rr̀h; k& x.kxkS j
4- , dkn' kh& t kS
gj esy k& fpRRkkS
M+
x<+ - bl fnu f' ko&i koZ r h dh i wt k dh t krh gS A
a
( x.kxkSj dh i w t k/ q y .Mh l sgh ' kq : gkst krh
gSA)
a
- t ;iqj o mn; i q j dh x.kxkS j l okjh i zfl ¼ gSA
a
- tSl yesj esax.kxkS j i j dsoy bZ l j dh
l okjh fudyrh gS A( prq
a FkhZ
)
- l cl sv f/ d xhrksaokyk R;kS gkj
a
- bl fnu yM+ fd; k v i usfy, l q Unj i fr o
HkkbZdsfy, l q Unj i Ruh dh dkeuk djrh gS A
a
3- v "Veh& v ' kksd v "Veh
4- uoeh& jkeuoeh ( Hkxoku jke dk t Uefnu)
5- i w
f.kZ
ek& guq eku t ; Urh
& esy s& l kykl j ( pq :)
& esagnhi qj ( nkSl k)

cS
' kk[ k
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- rr̀h; k& / hxak xoj 1- rr̀h; k& v k[ kk rht @v {k; rr̀h; k
- t ks/i q
j esabl fnu / ha xk xoj esy k xyrk gS
A
a - v cw > l kokA
- jkt LFkku esal cl sT; knk cky&fookg
bl h fnu gksrsgS A
a
- chdkusj dk LFkki uk fnol
- iwf.kZek%
& i hi y i wf.kZ
ek@
cq¼iw f.kZ
ekA
& esy s& xkserh l kxj esy k&
( >kyjki kVu)
& ck.kxaxk esy k ( fojkVxuj)
& ekrd̀qf.M; k esy k ( fpRrkSM+x<+
)
& xksres'oj esy k& ( v j.kksn&i zrki x<+
)
& uDdh >hy esy k ( ekma V v kcw)

[50]
 ks

T; s"B
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- v ekoL; k& cM+ekol @oV l kfo=kh ozr 1- n' keh& xaxk n' keh
( xa
xk t h dk / jrh i j v orj.kA)
2- , dkn' kh&fut Z
y k , dkn' kh
& mn; i qj esafut Z
y k , dn' kh i j i ra
xs
m+
r h gaA
a
S

v k"kk<+
d`".k i {k ' kq
Dy i {k
1- uoeh& HknY; k uoeh
2- , dkn' kh& nso ' k; uh , dkn' khA
3- i w
f.kZ
ek& xq: iw f.kZ
ek
- osnO;kl dk t Uefnu] bl fy, bl sO;kl
iwf.kZ
ek Hkh dgrsgS A
a

ks

[51]
 eq
fLye R;kS
gkj
a
& eq fLye R;kS gkj ^fgt jh l a
a or~ * dsv uq l kj euk, t krsgS A
a
& 622 bZ - esaeksgEen l kgc eDdk NksM+ d j enhuk x; sFks] bl h fnu l sfgt jh l a or~dk i zkjEHk ekuk t krk
gSA
a
1- eksgjZe%
& fgt jh l a or~dk i gyk eghuk
& eksgjZ e dh 10 oharkjh[ k dksgt jr eksgEen l kgc dsuokl sgq lSu djcyk dseS nku esa' kghn gksx; s
Fks] bl fy, bl fnu rkft ; sfudkyst krsgS A
a
& 27 oharkjh[ k dksxfy; kdksV ( Mw xji q
a j ) esal SÕ
;n iQ [ k: n~nhu dk ml Z A
2- l i Qj%
& 20 oharkjh[ k dkspsgYye eukrsgS A ( gq
a lSu dspkyhl fnu i w j sgq; sFksA)
3- jch & my & v OoyA
& 12 oharkjh[ k dksckjkoi Q kr ( bZ n& feyknq y uoh) eukrsgS A
a
& gt jr eksgEen l kgc dk t Ue ( 570bZ -) o eR̀;q( 632bZ -) bl h fnu gq ; h FkhA
4- jch & ml l kuh
5- t ekr & my & v Ooy
6- t ekr ml l kuh
& 8oharkjh[ k dks[ okt k eq buqn~nhu fp' rh dk t UefnuA ( l a t jh& i Q kjl )
7- jTt c
& 1 l s6 rkjh[ k rd [ okt k eq buq
n~nhu fp' rh dk ml Z A
& bl ml ZesaHkhyokM+ k dk xkS j h i fjokj cq y Un njokt si j >a Mk p<+ krk gS A
a
8- ' kkcku
& ' kkcku eghusdh 14 oharkjh[ k gt jr eksgEen l kgc dh [ kq nk l seq y kdkr gq ; h Fkh] bl fy, bl dks' kc
( ' kr) & cjkr dgrsgS A
a
& eq l yeku bl fnu v i usdeksZdk i zk; f' pr djrsgS A
a
& eDdk dh ghjk i gkM+ h i j eq l yeku , df=kr gksrsgS A
a
9- jet ku
& eq l yeku] bl eghusesajkst sj[ krsgS A
a
& jet ku dh 27 oharkjh[ k dks^' kosdnz* dgrsgS abl fnu dq j ku ' kjhi Qdk / jrh i j v orj.k gq v k FkkA
10- ' kOoky
& ' kOoky dh i gyh rkjh[ k dksbZ n&my&fi Q rj] ( ehBh bZn) @l sobZ ; ksadh bZ n euk; k t krk gSA
a
& ; g HkkbZ pkjsdk R;kS gkj gS
a A
a
11- ft y & dnz
12- ft fYgt
& 10oharkjh[ k dksbZ n&my&t q gk& cdj bZ n@dqckZ
uh dk R;kS gkj gksrk gS
a A
a
& bl eghusesaeq l yeku gt dsfy, t krsgS A
a
& ft fYgt dh 8 l s10 rkjh[ k rd gt dsfy, t krsgS A
a

[52]
 tS
u / eZdsR;kS
gkj
a
1- Í "kHk t ; Urh & pS=k d`".k uoeh
2- egkohj t ; Urh & pS=k ' kq
Dy =k; ksn' kh
3- l qxU/ n' keh & Hkknzin ' kq
Dy n' keh
l xqU/ n' keh dks/ w
i n' keh dgk t krk gS A
a
4- jksV rht & Hkknzin ' kq
Dy rht
5- i ; Z"k.k
w & ; st Suksadk egki oZgS A
a
- fnxEcj & Hkknzin ' kq
Dy i a
peh l sprq nZ
' kh rd ozr j[ krsgS A
a
v kf' ou d`".k , de~dksi M+ ok <+ ksd eukrsgSA
a
- ' osrkEcj & Hkknzin d`".k }kn' kh l sHkknzin ' kq Dy prq FkhZrd ozr j[ krsgSA
a
Hkknzin ' kq
Dy i a
peh dksl a oRl jh i oZeukrsgS A ( {kek ; kpuk i oZ
a )
6- nl y{k.k i oZ%& pS=k] Hkknzin] ek?k& ' kqDy i a
peh l sprq nZ
' khA

fl U/h l ekt dsR;kS

gkj
a
& psVhp.M& pS =k ' kq
Dy , de~( foØe l a or i zkjEHk)
& >wy sy ky t ; UrhA
& >wy sy ky t h dkso: .k dk v orkj ekursgS A
a
& >wy sy ky t h usfl a / dsjkt k ex̀' kkg dsv R;kpkjksal seq
fDr fnyk; hA
& >w y sy ky t h dk t Ue& FkVk̀ ( fl a
/)

2- FknM+h l kre @cM+h l kre%&

& Hkknzin d`".k l Ireh ( d`".k t Uek"Veh l sBhd , d fnu i gysfl fU/; ksadk ckL; ksM+
k)

fl D[ kksadsR;kS
gkj
a
1- xq
: ukud t ; Urh & dkfrZ d iw f.kZek ( ' kq
Dy)
2- xq
: xksfoUnfl ag t ; Urh & i kS"k ' kq
Dy l Ireh
3- yksgM+ h& 13 t uojh
4- oS
' kk[ kh& 18 v i zS
y
- 13 v i zSy 1699 dksv kua ni q
j l kfgc esaxq : xksfoUn l kfgc us[ kkyl k i a
Fk dh LFkki uk dh FkhA
- 13 v i zSy 1919 dkst fy; ka okyk ckx gR;kdka MA

[53]
 bZ
l kbZl ekt dsR;kS
gkj
a
1- 1 t uojh & bZ l kbZ; ksadk uoo"kZ
2- 25 fnl Ecj & bZ l k el hg dk t Uefnu ( 2014 l sl q ' kkl u fnol euk; k t krk gS
A)
a
3- bZLVj& 2 ekpZl s22 v i zS y dschp t ksi w f.kZ
ek v krh gS ] ml dsBhd ckn okysjfookj dksbL
a ZVj cuk; k
t krk gSA
a
- bl fnu bZ l k el hg i q ut hZ
for gksd j ykS
V v k, FksA
4- xq M+i zQ
kbM+
s& bZ LVj l sBhd i gysokyk ' kq ØokjA
- bl fnu bZ l k el hg dksl w y h i j yVdk; k x; kA
5- v l sU'ku M+s& bZ
LVj l sBhd 40 pkyhl fnu ckn] bZ l k el hg oki l LoxZpysx; sFksA

[54]
 jkt LFkku dsyksd &nsork
^^i kcwgMcwjke ns] eka
xfy; k esgkAi ka
P; wi hj i / kjT; ksa
] xksxk t h t sgk**
& jkt LFkku dsi ka
p i hj & 1- i kcw
t h 2- gMcwt h 3- esgk t h- 4- jkenso t h 5- xksxk t h

( 1) i kcwt h jkBkS
M+
& t Ue LFkku& dksy q e.M
& fi rk & / ka /y
& ekrk& deykns
& i Ruh& i Q y ens@
w lqI; kjns( v ejdksV dh jkt dq ekjh)
& ?kksMh dk uke& ds'kj dkyehA
& fe=k& pkUnk] Mkek ( Hkhy Hkkb)Z
& nsoy uked pkj.k efgyk dh xk; ksadkscpkusdsfy, v i usi Q sjksadschp l smB dj v k; srFkk
ft Unjko [ khpha( t k; y) dsf[ kyki QyM+ r sgq
, nspw( t ks/i q
j ) esaekjsax; sA
& pS =k d`".k v ekoL; k dksdksy w e.M esai kcwt h dk esy k Hkjrk gS A
a
& i kcwt h dksÅa Vksdsnsork o Iysx j{kd nsork ds: i esai w t k t krk gSA
a
& Åa V i kyusokyh jkbZ d k @jSckjh t kfr bUgsav i uk v kjkè; nso ekurh gS A
a
& v kf' k; k eksM+
t h us^i kcwi zd k' k* uked i q
Lrd fy[ kh gS A
a
& i kcwt h dh i Q M+Hkhy t kfr dsHkksisjko.kgRFkk ok| ; a =k dsl kFk cka prsgSA
a
& i kcwt h dh i Q M+l cl syksd fi z; i Q M+gSA
a
& i kcwt h dsHkt u ( i okM+ s) ekV ok| ; a=k dsl kFk xk; st krsgS A
a

( 2) jkenso t hraoj
& t Ue LFkku& m.Mw d k' ehj ( ckM+ esj)
& fi rk& v t ekyt h
& ekrk & es.kkns
& i Ruh& usry ns( v ejdksV dh jkt dq ekjh)
& jkenso t h , d l ekt l q / kjd Fks] mUgksausat kr&i kr dk HksnHkko feVkuso nfyr m¼kj dk dk; Zfd; kA
& jkenso t h , d v PNsdfo Fksv kS j budk xza Fk gS
& pkS
a chl ckf.k; ka
& jkenso t h usdkefM; k i a Fk ' k:q fd; k FkkAdkefM; k i a Fk dh efgyk, sarsjg&rkyh uR̀; djrsgS
A
a
& jkenso t h dses?koky HkDrksadksfjf[ k; k dgrsgS A
a
& jkenso t h dksi hjksadk i hj dgrsgS A jkensot h dksfo".kq
a @ d`".k dk v orkj ekuk t krk gS
A
a
& jkenso t h ds?kksM+
sdk uke & yhyks@yhykA
& jkenso t h dsi xysi w t st krsgS A
a
& èot & ust k
& t kxj.k & t eksA

[55]
 ( 3) xksxkt h%
& t Ue LFkku & nnzsok ( pq :)
& bUgksusaegew n xt uoh dsl kFk ; q ¼ fd; k Fkk] egew n xt uoh usbUgsat kgji hj ( l k{kkr~i hj) dgkA
& v i usekS l sjsHkkbZ
; ksav jt u&l jt u dsf[ kyki Qxk; ksadh j{kk dsfy, yM+ r sgq
, xksxkesM+
h ( guq
ekux<+
)
uked LFkku i j budh eR̀;qgq ; hA
& xksxkt h dksl ka i j{kd nsork ds: i esai w t k t krk gS
a
& xksxkt h dk ea fnj ( Fkku) [ kst M+ h o`{k dsuhpscuk; k t krk gS A
a
& nnjsok dsea fnj dks' kh"kZ esM+h o xkxskesM+
h dsea fnj dks/ q
j esM+ h dgrsgS A
a
& xksxkesM+h okyk ea fnj edcjk ' kS y h esacuk gqv k gS] bl ds' kh"kZi j fcfLeYykg fy[ kk gq
a v k gSA
a
& f[ kysfj; ksadh <+ k.kh ( l ka
pkS
j ) esaxkxskt h dh v ksYMh cuh gqbZgS A
a

( 4) gM+ cwt h l ka
[ kyk
& jkenso t h dsekS l jsHkkbZFksA
& t Ue LFkku & Hkw . Msy ( ukxkS j)
& bUgksusajko t ks/k dksea MkS j fot ; dk v k' khokZn fn; k o , d dVkj Hksa
V dh ] bl fy, jko t ks/k usea
Mkjs
fot ; dsckn bUgsa^csa xVh* xka o fn, A t gkabudk eq [ ; eafnj cuk gq
v k gS
A
a
& bl ea fhnj dk fuekZ . k t ks/i q
j egkjkt k v t hrfl a
g usdjok; kA
& gM+ cwt h v i uh cS y xkM+h l sxk; ksadsfy, pkjk ykrsFksA
& bl fy, ea fnj esabudh cS y xkM+
h dh i wt k dh t krh gS A
a
& ' kxq
u fopkj xzUFk& gMcwt h usfy[ kkA

( 5) esgkt h eka
xfy; k
& eq[ ; ea fnj& ckfi .kh ( t ks/i q
j)
& esy k& d`".k t Uek"VehA
& buds?kksM+ sdk uke fdjM dkcjk gS A
a
& budsHkksiksdh oa ' kof̀¼ ughagksrh gS
A
a

( 6) rst kt h
& t UeLFkku & [ kjuky ( ukxkS j ) ( t kV i fjokj esat Ue gq v k)
& i fRu & i seyns
&llq j ky & i usj ( v t esj)
& ykNk xw tZ
j h dh xk; ksadkscpkusdsfy, rst kt h l q jl q
j k xka
o esa?kk; y gksx; srFkk l ka
i dsdkVusl seR̀;q
gksx; hA
& l i Zj{kd nsork ds: i esai w t k dh t krh gS A
a
& rst kt h dks^dkyk&ckyk* dk nsork dgrsgS A
a
& fdl ku gy t ksrrsgq , rst k xkrk gS A
a
& 7 fnl Ecj 2010 dksrst kt h i j Mkd fVdV t kjh fd; k x; kA
& rst kt h dh ?kksM+h dk uke & yhy.k
& rst kt h dsHkksiksadks?kksM+
y k dgrsgS A
a

[56]
 ( 7) nsoukjk; .k t h
& fi rk dk uke & l okbZHkkst
& nsoukjk; .k cxM+ kor xw tZ
j i fjokj l sl EcfU/r FksA
& v kl ha
n ( HkhyokM+ k) nsoekyh ( v t esj) ] t ks/i q
fj; k ( Vksa
d ) esabudseq
[; iw T; LFky gS
A
a
& budsea fnj esai zfrek dsLFkku i j bZ Vksadh i w
t k dh t krh gS A
a
& uhe dsi Ùksp<+ k; st krsgSA ( v kS
a "kf/ dk nsork)
& nsoukjk; .k t h dh i Q M+xwtZj t kfr dsHkksis^t Urj* ok| dsl kFk i <+ r s( ckprs) gS
A
a
& nsoukjk; .k t h dh i Q M+l Hkh yksd nsorkv skaesal cl syEch i Q M+gSA
a
& y{eh dq ekjh pq. Mkor us^cxMkor* uked dgkuh fy[ khA
& nsoukjk; .k t h dh i Q M+i j Mkd&fVdV t kjh fd; k x; k gS A
a
& Hkknzin ' kq
Dy l Ireh dksesy k Hkjrk gS A
a
& fo".kqdk v orkj ekuk t krk gS A
a

( 8) eYyhukFk t h
& ekjokM+dsjkBkS M+jkt kA
& jkt / kuh & esokuxj
& eYyhukFk t h Hkfo"; oDrk FksA
& xq: dk uke & mxeh l h HkkVh
& ckM+ esj dsfryokM+ k xka
o esagkys h dsnwl jsfnu eYyhukFk i ' kqesy k yxrk gS
A
a
& i Ruh dk uke & : i k ns( ; sHkh yksd nsoh gS] budk ea
a fnj fryokM+ k dsi kl ekykt ky xka
o esacuk gq
v k)

( 9) rYyhukFk t h
& okLrfod uke & xksxknso jkBkS M+
& ' kjsx<+( t ks/i q
j ) dsjkt kA
& i kpaksVk ( t kykS
j ) esabudk eq
[ ; ea
fnj gS
A
a
& bUgsav ksj.k dk nsork ekuk t krk gSA
a

( 10) nso ckck%

& uaxyk t gkt ( Hkjri qj ) esaeq
[ ; ea fnj gS
A
a
& Hkknzin ' kq
Dy i a
peh v kS j pS
=k ' kq
Dy i a
peh dksbudh i wt k dh t krh gS
A
a
& nso ckck i ' kqfpfDRl d FksA
& bu dks[ kq ' k djusdsfy, l kr Xokyka sdksHkkst u djokuk gksrk gS
A
a
& i ' kq
i kyd l ekt bUgsav kjkè; nso ekurk gS A
a

( 11) fcXxkt h%
& chdkusj dsjhM+ h xka
o esa, d t kV i fjokj esat Ue gq
v kA
& xk; ksadh j{kk dsfy, yM+ r sgq, ekjsx; sA
& t k[ kM+l ekt bUgsav i uk dqy nsork ekursgSA
a

[57]
 ( 12) t qU>kj t h%
& l hdj ft ysdsbeyksgk xka o east Ue gqv kA
& Lfkkykn
sM+k xka
o esaxk; ksadh j{kk djrsgq, ekjsx; sA
& LFkkykn
sM+k xka
o esa5 i RFkj dh ew frZ
; kayxh gq
; h gS
A ( nq
a Ygk nq
Ygu rFkk rhu HkkbZ
; ksadh ew
frZ
; k)a
& esy k& jkeuoehA

( 13) >jM+ kt h%
& i kcw
t h dsHkrht sFksA
& dksy w
e.M ( t ks/i q
j ) o fl Hkq
nMk ( chdkusj) esabudseq
a [ ; ea
fnj gS
A
a
& >jMkt h dk , d v U; uke ^: i ukFk* Hkh feyrk gS A
a
& fgekpy i zns'k esackydukFk ds: i esai w t k dh t krh gS
A
a

( 14) [ ksrykt h%
& eq[ ; ea ffnj & l ksuk.kk ( i kyh) esa
A
& gdykusokyscPpksdk bykt fd; k t krk gS A
a

( 15) ekenso
& bUgsacjl kr dk nsork dgk t krk gS
A
a
& budsea fnj ughagksrsgS
] cfYd xka
a o ds' kgj budsrksj.k dh i w
t k dh t krh gS
A
a
& HkSl sdh cfy nh t krh gS
a A
a

( 16) v kyet h%
& / ksjheUuk ( ckM+
esj) esabudk esy k Hkjrk gS
A
a
& / ksjheUuk dks^?kksM+
ksdk rhFkZ
LFky* dgrsgS A
a
& v kye t h t S r ekyksr jkBkS
M+FksA

( 17) ohji Q Ùkkt h%

& l ka
Fkw( t kykSj ) xka
o esabudk eq [ ; ea
fnj gS
A
a
& xk; ksadh j{kk djrsgq , ekjsx; sA
& esy k& l kaFkwxkao esaHkknzin ' kq
Dy uoeh dksA

( 18) gfjjke t h%
& ukxkSj ds>ksjM+ k xka
o esabudk eafnj gS
A
a
& l ka
i dh cka ch dh i w
t k dh t krh gS
A
a
& esy k& Hkknzin ' kq
Dy& i a
peh

( 19) Mxa
wt h&t okgjt h%
& l hdj ft ysdsckBksB & i kVksnk xka o dsFksA
& v ehjksl syw Vdj xjhcksaesamudk / u forfjr dj fn; k djrsFksA bUgksusav xzsa
t ksdh ul hjkckn Nkouh yw
V
yhA
& eq[ ; l g; ksxh& yksgVt h t kV] dj.kk t h eh.kk A

[58]
 jkt LFkku dh yksd nsfo; ka
* dj.kh ekrk
& t Ue LFkku & l q v ki ( t ks/i q
j)
& cpi u dk uke& ^fj¼h ckbZ *
& bUgksa
usns'kuksd xka
o cl k; k] t gkabudk eq [ ; eafnj cuk gq v k gS A
a
& eafnj esav R;f/ d l a [ ; k easpw gsgksusdsdkj.k bUgsapw gksaokyh nsoh dgk t krk gS A
a
& bu pw gksadksdkck dgk t krk gS A
al i Qsn dkcsdspw gsdsn' kZ u dks' kq
Hk ekuk t krk gS A
a
& phy dksdj.kh ekrk dk i zrhd ekuk t krk gS A
a
& jko chdk uschdkusj dh LFkki uk dj.kh ekrk dsv k' khokZ n l sdh Fkh] bl fy, chdkusj dsjkBkS M+
ksdh
b"V nsoh dj.kh ekrk dksekuk t krk gS A
a
& eq[ ; ea fnj l sdqN nw j h i j , d v U; ea fnj fLFkfr gS] ft l s^usgM+
a h t h* dgrsgS A
a
& dj.kh ekrk Lo; arseM+ sjk; ekrkt h dh i w t k djrh FkhA rseM+ sjk; dk eafnj Hkh ns'kuksd esacuk gq
v k gS
A
a
& dj.kh ekrk dksnk<+ h okyh Mkd s jh dgrsgS A ( 151 l ky)
a

* t h.kekrk%
& l hdj ft ysdsjS okl k xka o esabudk eq [ ; ea fnj gSA
a
& budsHkkbZdk uke g"kZFkk] ft udk ea fnj Hkh i kl dh i gkfM+; ksai j cuk gq
v k gS
A
a
& t h.k ekrk dk ea fnj pkS gku ' kkl d i F̀ohjkt i zFke dsl keUr ^gV~ VM+eskfgy* uscuok; k FkkA
& v kSjaxt sc usHkh t h.kekrk ds^N=k* p<+ k; k FkkA
& t h.k ekrk dkse/ q ef[ k; ksadh nsoh Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& t h.k ekrk dsnhi d dk ?kh v kt Hkh dsUnzl jdkj }kjk Hkst k t krk gS A
a
& t h.k ekrk dk yksd xhr l cl syEck gS A
a
& pkS gkuksadh bZ "V nsohA
* v k' kki q
j k ekrk
& pkS gkuksa, ao fcLl k czkâ.kksadh dq y nsoh gS A
a
& ukM+ ksy ( i kyh) , oaeksnjk ( t kykS j ) esabudseq [ ; ea
fnj gS
A
a
& budh i w t k djrsl e; efgyk, a?kw ?kV fudkyrh gS
a A
a
& i twk djusokyh efgyk, sagkFkka sesaesa gnh ughayxkrh gS A
a

* ' khryk ekrk

& pkdl w( t ; i qj ) esabudk eq [ ; eafnj gSA
a
& bl ea fnj dk fuekZ .k t ; i qj dsl okbZek/ ksfl ag usdjok; k FkkA
& ; g , d ek=k , slh nsoh gS ] ft udh [ ka
a fMr i zfrek dh i wt k dh t krh gS A
a
& ^pS =k d`".k v "Veh* dks; gkax/ ksdk esy k Hkjrk gS A
a
& ' khryk ekrk dk okgu x/ k , oai q t kjh dq
Egkj gksrk gSA
a
& pS =k d`".k v "Veh dksbudksckl h Hkkst u dk i zlkn p<+ k; k t krk gS
A bUgsapspd dh nsoh Hkh dgrsgS
a A
a
& cka> fL=k; kal a
r ku i zkfIr dsfy, ' khryk ekrk dh i w t k djrh gS A
a

[59]
 * f=ki q
j lq
Unjh
& budk ea fnj ryokM+ k ( cka
l okM+
k) esagS
A
a
& bUga s( rq
a j rkbZekrk) Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& ^yq gkj t kfr* dsyksx bUgsav i uh b"ZVnsoh ekursgS
A
a
& f=ki q
j lqUnjh dh 18 gkFkksadh i zfrHkk gS
A
a

* jkuh l rh%
& budk okLrfod uke ^ukjk; .kh nsoh* FkkA
& budsi fr dk uke ru/ unkl v xzoky FkkA
& >qU>qua
qusbudk eq [ ; ea
fnj cuk gqv k gS
A
a
& Hkknzin v ekoL; k dksbudk esy k Hkjrk gS
A
a
& bUgsanknh l rh Hkh dgrsgS A
a

* v kojh ekrk%
& fudqEHk ( fpÙkkS
Mx<+
) esabudk eq
[ ; eafnj gSA
a
& ; gkaydokxzLr yksxksadksbykt fd; k t krk gS
A
a

* egkek; k ekrk%
& ekoyh ( m; i qj ) esabudk ea
fnj gS
A
a
& f' k' kqj{kd yksd nsoh gS
A
a

* Hknk.kk ekrk%
& eq[ ; ea
fnj & ^dksVk*
& ; gka ewB yxsO;fDr dk bykt fd; k t krk gS
A
a

* rU
ukS
V ekrk%
& budk eq [ ; ea
fnj rUukS V (t S
l yesj) esagS
A
a
& bUgsa^Fkkj dh oS".kksnsoh* dgrsgSA
a
& B.S.F. dst oku budh i w t k djrsgSA
a
& bUgsa^: eky dh nsoh* Hkh dgrsgS A
a

* cz
kâ.kh ekrk%
& budk eq [ ; ea
fnj l ksjl u ( ckjka
) esagS
A
a
& ; gkansoh dh i hB dh i w t k dh t krh gS
A
a
& ^ek?k ' kq
Dy l Ireh* dksbudk esy k Hkjrk gS
A
a

* Nha
d ekrk%
& budk eq [ ; ea
fnj t ; i q
j esagS
A
a
& ^ek?k ' kq
Dy l Ireh* dksbudk esy k Hkjrk gS
A
a

[60]
 * Nha
N ekrk%
& budk eq
[ ; ea
fnj cka
l okM+
k esagS
A
a

* cz
âk.kh ekrk%
& eq
[ ; ea
fnj i Yyw( guq
ekux<+
) esagS
A
a

* dS
y k ekrk%
& djkSy h ds; kno jkt oa ' k dh dqy nsohA
& f=kdqV i gkM+h i j budk ea fnj cuk gq
v k gS
A
a
& pS=k ' kq
Dy v "Veh dksyD[ kh esy k Hkjrk gS A
a
& budsHkDr ykxa fj; k xhr xkrsgS
q A
a
& bUgsav at yh ( guqeku t h dh eka ) ekrk ; k Hkxoku Jh d`".k dh cgu dk v orkj ekursgS a
A
& budsea fnj dsl keus^cksgjk HkDr* dh Nrjh cuh gq bZgS
] t gkarka
a f=kd fo| k l scPpksadk bykt fd; k
t krk gSA
a

* v kbZ
ekrk%
& l sl hjoh t kfr dh dq y nsohA
& budk eq [ ; eafnj fcykM+k ( t k/si q
j ) esagSA
a
& budsea fnj dh v [ k.M T; ksfr l sdslj Vi drh gS A
a
& budseq [ ; eafnj dks^cMsj* o v U; ea fnj dks^njxkg* dgrsgS A
a
& v kbZekrk jknsot h dh f' k"; k FkhA v r%bUgksa usaHkh nfyr m¼kj o l kEi znkf; d l kS
gkbZdk dke fd; kA

* l fPp; kaekrk%
& v kS
fl ; ka( t ks/i q
j ) esabudk eq [ ; ea
fnj gS
A
a
& ; sv kslokyksadh dq y nsrh gS A
a
& ; seafnj xq tZj & i zfrgkj ' kkl dksadsl e; cuk; k x; k Fkk] t ksegkek: ' kS
y h esafufeZ
r gS
A
a

* l djk; ekrk%
& eq[ ; ea fnj& mn; i q
j okVh ( >qU>q
uq
)
a
& [ k.Msokyksadh dq y nsoh rFkk pkS gkuksadh bZ
"V nsohA v dky dsl e; ' kkd & l fCt ; kamRiUu dh Fkh]
bl fy, bl s' kkdEHkjh ekrk Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& v U; ea fnj l ka
Hkj o l gkjui qj ( U.P.) esaHkh gS
A
a

* Loka
fx; k ekrk%
&tS l yesj dsHkkVh jkt oa ' k dh dq y nsohA
& ' kxqu fpM+ h dsgkFk esaeq M+k gqv k ekyk ( Loka
x) & t S
l yesj dsjkt fpUg esagS
] bl hfy, ' kxq
a u fpM+
h dk
Loa kfx; k ekrk dk i zrhd ekuk t krk gS A
a
& budk eq [ ; eafnj Hkknfj; k ( t S
l yesj) esacuk gq
v k gS
A
a
& ; gkai j fo' o dk l cl scM+ k Hkwfexr i q
Lrdky; gSA
a

[61]
 * fgxa
y kt ekrk%
& eq
[ ; ea
fnj & i kfdLrku dsfl a / i kzUr dsykl osy k xka
o esacuk gS
A
a
& v U; ea
fnj yksnzok ( t S
l yesj) o ukjykbZ( i kyh)

* v koM+ekrk%
& ; sHkh Loka fx; k ekrk dk gh , d v orkj gS
A
a
& budk , d v U; uke rseMsjk; Hkh feyrk gS ] ft udh dj.kh ekrk Hkh i w
a t k FkhA
& eq[ ; ea fnj] t S
l yesj
& HkkfV; ksadh bZ"V nsohA

* ukjk; .kh ekrk%

& eq
[ ; ea fnj & v yoj
& ukbZt kfr dsyksx bUgsav i uh dqy nsoh ekursgS
A
a
& eh.kk t kfr dsyksx Hkh budh i w
t k djrsgSA
a

* ft ykM+
h ekrk%
& eq
[ ; ea fnj & cgjksM+( v yoj) esa
A
& xq
tZj t kfr dsyksd budh i w t k djrsgS
A
a

* pkeq
. Mk ekrk%
& eq
[ ; eafnj & t ks/i q
j dsesgjkux<+fdysesacuk gq v k gSA
a
& 30 fl rEcj 2008 bZ - dksi gysuojk=kk dsfnu eph Hkxn<+esadbZyksx ekjsx, ] bl sesgjkux<+nq
[ kkfUrdk dgrs
gS
Abl dh t ka
a p dsfy, t l jkt pkS i M+
k v k; ksx dh LFkki uk dh x; hA

* v ket k ekrk%
& eq[ ; ea
fnj& jhNa
M+k ( mn; i q
j ) esa
A
& Hkhy t kfr dsyksx bUgsav i uh b"V nsoh ekursgS
A
a

* v fEcdk ekrk%
& eq[ ; eafnj & t xr ( mn; i q
j ) esa A
& bl ea fnj dks^esokM+dk [ kt q j kgks* dgrsgS
A
a

*l q
/ k ekrk%
a
& eq[ ; eafnj & Hkhueky ( t kykSj)
& jkt LFkku dk i gyk jksi&oscuk; k x; k gSA
a
& ; gkaHkkywv H; kj.; LFkkfi r fd; k t k jgk gS
A
a

[62]
 * Tokyk ekrk%
& eq[ ; ea fnj & t kscusj ( t ; i q
j)
& [ ka
xkjksrksdh bZ
"V nsoh A

* udVh ekrk%
t ;iq
j ft ysesat ; Hkokuhi q
j k esaeq
[ ; ea
fnjA

* n/ hefr ekrk%
& eq
[ ; eafnj & xksB ekaxyksn ( ukxkjS)
& nk/ hp czkâk.kksadh dq
y nsohA

* yfV; ky ekrk%
& dYyk czkâk.kksadh dq y nsohA
&iQ ykSnh ( t ks/i q
j ) & eq
[ ; eafnj
& bUgsa[ kst M+csjh jk; Hkokuh Hkh dgrsgS
A
a

* ejd.M+
h ekrk%
& uhekt ( i kyh)

* dBs
' ojh ekrk
& v kfnokfl ; ksadh dq
y nsohA

* jkukckbZ
%
& gjukok ( ukxkSj)
& esy k& Hkknzin ' kq
Dy =k; ksn' kh
& , dek=k efgyk l a r t ksdq v kjh l rh gq
; hA

* ekrk jkuhHkfV; kuh

& t l ksy ( ckM+
esj)
& esy k& Hkknzin ' kq
Dy =; ksn' kh

* okdy ekrk
& fojk=kk ( ckM+
esj)

* v / jns
oh@
v cq
nk nsoh
Z
& ekm.V v kcw

[63]
 jkt LFkku dsi zeq
[ kl a
r , oal Ei znk;
( 1) nknw n; ky %
& t Ue LFkku & v genkcknA
& 1585 bZ - esav kesj dsjkt k Hkxokunkl usnknw n; ky dksi Q rsgi q
j l hdjh esav dcj l sfeyk; kA
& budh eq [ ; i hB ujS uk ( t ; i qj ) esagS] t ksnknw
a n; ky us1602 bZ - esaLFkkfi r dh FkhA
' kk[ kk, a
%
& 1- [ kkyl k 2- fojDr 3- mrjkns 4- [ kkdh 5- ukxkA
& nknwt h ds52 f' k"; Fks] ft Uga s52 LrEHk ( FkkEcs) dgk t krk gS A
a
& nkw n n; ky usv i usmi ns'k <q ¡<+k<h Hkk"kk esafn, A
& nknwi a Fk dsea fnjksadks^nknw}kjk* dgrsgS A
a
& nknw n; ky dksjkt LFkku dk dchj dgrsgS A
a
& nknwi F akh fookg ughadjrsgS A
a
& ea fnj esadksbZew frZughagksrh gS ] ( ok.kh j[ kh t krh gS
a )
a
& nknw ia
Fkh ' ko dkst ykrs; k ni Q ukrsughagS ] cfYd i ' kq
a &i f{k; ksads[ kkusdsfy, NksM+fn; k t krk gSA
a
( ok; q&ngu)
& Lo; anknw n; ky dk ' ko Hksjk.kk dh i gkM+ h esaNksM+fn; k x; k FkkAbl LFkku dksnknw[ kksy ; k nknw i kydk
dgk t krk gS A
a
& nknw ia
fFk; ksadsl Rl ax LFky dks^v y[ k njhck* dgk t krk gS A
a
& nknwusfui [ k v ka nksy u pyk; kA

& nknw
n; ky dsi zeq
[ k f' k"; %

1- l qUnjnkl % &
& ^Ukkxk* ' kk[ kk dh LFkki uk dh FkhA
& ukxk [ kk' kk dsl k/ qv ksausejkBk v kØe.kksadsl e; t ; i q
j ds' kkl dksa( i zrki fl a
g) dh enn dhA
& ukxk l k/ qgfFk; kj ca n jgrsFks] budsjgusdsLFkku dsk Nkouh dgrsgS a
&lq Unjnkl dh eq [ ; i hB xsVksy ko ( nkS
l k) esagS
A
a

2- jTt ct h%
& l ka
xkusj dsi Bku FksA
& nknwn; ky dsmi ns'k l q
udj ' kknh NksM+nh] nknw
n; ky t h dsf' k"; cu x; s] v kt hou nw
Ygsdsos'k esa
jgsA
&iq Lrds% & jTt c ok.kh] l oZ
xh

(2) t kEHkkst h%
& t Ue LFkku% & i hai kl j ( ukxkS
j)
& t kEHkkst h i a
okj jkt i wr FksA
& 1482 bZ - esal ejkFky / ksjsi j v i usv uq
; kf; ; ksadks29 mi ns'k fn, A bl fy, budsv uq; k; h fo' ukbZ
dgyk, A
& 1526 bZ - esachdkusj ft ysdseq d ke xka
o esal ekf/ yh FkhA t gka^eq d ke* esabudk eq
[ ; ea fnj cuk
gqv k gSA
a
&iQ kYxqu o v kf' ou v ekoL; k dks; gkaesy k Hkjrk gS A
a

[64]
 t kEHkkst h dh i zeq
[ k f' k{kk, a
%
&
( 1) i sM+ksdh dVkbZughadjukA( [ kst M+ h) ( fl j l kVs: a[ k jgsrksHkh l Lrksat k.k)
( 2) t ho fga l k ughadjuk ( fo' ks"kdj fgj.k)
( 3) u' kk ughadjukA
( 4) fo/ ok fookg djukA
( 5) uhysoL=k dk R;kxA
& t kEHkkst h usfl da nj yks/h l sdgdj xkS &o/ fu"ks/ djok; kA
& , d ckj chdkusj {ks=k esav dky i M+ usi j t kEHkkst h dsdgusi j fl da nj yks/h usi ' kq
v ksadsfy,
pkjk Hkst k FkkA
& t kEHkkst h dksfo".kqdk v orkj ekuk t krk gS A
a
& t ks/i q
j dsjko t ks/k o mudscsVschdk o chnk] nw nk ( esM+
r k) t kHkksat h dk l EEkku djrsFksA

( 3) t l ukFkh l Ei znk; %
& fl dUnj yks/h ust l ukFk t h dkschdkusj esadrfj; kl j xka o dh t ehu nh FkhA
& drfj; kl j xka o esagh t l ukFk t h ust hfor l ekf/ yh FkhA
& t l ukFk t h dsv uq ; k; h 36 fu; e ekursgS A
a
& budsv uq ; k; h dkyh Åu ds/ kxk i gursgS A
a
& eksj i a
[ k o t ky o`{k dksi zeq [ k ekuk t krk gSA
a
& budsv uq ; k; h v fXu uR̀; djrsgS A
a
& budh i Ruh ^dky ns* dh t l ukFk t h dsl kFk i w t k dh t krh gS
A
a
& eq[ ; i hB& drfj; kl j
& mi ns'k& fl a Hkw
nMk , oadksaMk xza
Fk esal a
xzghr gSA
a

pj.knkl h l Ei znk; ( l xq
. k rFkk fuxZ
. k dk feJ.k)
q
& pj.knkl t h dk t Ue v yoj ft ysdsMsgjk xka o esagq v kA
& budh eq [ ; i hB fnYyh esagS A
a
& pj.knk l h l Ei znk; dsv uq ; k; h 42 fu; e ekursgS A
a
& pj.knkl t h usukfnj' kkg dsv kØe.k ( 1739) dh Hkfo"; ok.kh dh FkhA
& pj.knkl h l Ei znk; dsyksx i hysja x dsdi M+ si gursgS A
a
& budh , d f' k"; k dk uke n; kckbZFkk] ft l us ( 1) ^n; k cks/* ( 2) ^fou; efydk* uked i q
Lrd
fy[ khA
& , d v U; f' k"; k l gt kckbZus^l gt i zd k' k* uked i qLrd fy[ khA
& pj.knkl h l Ei znk; dsyksx Hkxoku Jhd`".k dh i w t k l [ kh Hkko l sdjrsgS
A
a
& esokr {ks=k dsyksxksaesabudk i H zkko v f/ d gSA
a

jkekuUnh l Ei znk; ( l xq
. k HkfDr)
& d`".knkl ^i ; gkjh* usxyrk t h esajkekuUnh l Ei znk; dh LFkki uk dhA
& v kesj dk i F̀ohjkt dNokgk rFkk ml dh jkuh ckykckbZd`".knkl t h dsHkDr FksA
& d`".knkl t h dsv U; f' k"; v xznkl usl hdj ft ysdsjS okl k xka o esabl l Ei znk; dh nw l jh i hB dh
LFkki uk dhA
& bl l Ei znk; dsyksx Hkxoku jke dh i w t k ^jfl d uk; d* ds: i esadjrsgS ] bl fy, bl l Ei znk; dks
a

[65]
 jfl d l Ei znk; Hkh dgrsgS
A
a
& l okbZt ; fl a
g dsl e; d`".k HkV` us^jkejkl k* uked xza
Fk fy[ kk Fkk] ft l esaHkxoku jke o l hrk dsi zse
l EcU/ksadk o.kZu gSA
a

fuEckdZl Ei znk; ( ga
l l Ei znk; l xq
. k)
& v kpk; Zi j' kq
j ke usl ysekckn ( v t esj) esabl l Ei znk; dh eq [ ; i hB dh LFkki uk dhA
& bl l Ei znk; dsyksx jk/ k dksHkxoku Jhd`".k dh i Ruh ekursgS A
a
& jk/ kv "Veh dksesy k yxrk gS A
a

oYyHk l Ei znk; ( l xq
. k)
& oYyHk l Ei znk; dsyksx Jhd`".k dscky Lo: i dh i w t k djrsgS A
a
& budsea fnj esadi M+ sdsi nsZi j d`".k yhykv ksadk v da u fd; k t krk gS
] ft l s^fi NokbZ
a * dgrsgS
A
a
& jkt LFkku esaoYyHk l Ei znk; ds41 ea fnj gSA budsea
a fnjksadksgosy h dgk t krk gSA
a
& eafnjka sesaxk; k t kusokyk l axhr gosy h l a xhr dgykrk gS A
a
& oYYkHk l Ei znk; dksi q f"VekxZl Ei znk; Hkh dgrsga A
a
S
& budsv U; i zeq [ k ea
fnj&
& eFkqj s'k t h & dksVk
& }kjdk/ h' kt h & dkad jksy h
& JhukFk ea fnj & fl gkM+( ukFk}kjk)
& xksd q y pUnzea fnj & dkeka( Hkjri q j)
& enueksgu ea fnj & dkeka( Hkjri q j)

gfjnkl h l Ei znk;
& bl dh LFkki uk gjfl ag l ka[ kyk usdh FkhA
& budk t ue ukxkS j dsdki M+ ksn xka
o esagq v k FkkA
& bUgksa
ua
sxk<+
k xka o ( ukxkS
j ) esal ekf/ yh FkhA
& ; sMkdwl sl a r cusFksA
& gfjnkl h l Ei znk; dks ( fuja t uh l Ei znk; ) Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& gfjnkl t h dh i zeq [ ki qLrdsa & eU=k jkt i zd k' k] gfji q
: "k t h dh ok.khAk

ykynkl h l Ei znk;
& ykynkl t h dk t Ue v yoj ft ysds/ ksy hnw c xka
o esagq
v k FkkA
& budh eq [ ; i hB Hkjri q
j dsuxa y k t gkt esagS
A
a
& ; seso t kfr dsydM+ gkjsFksA
& i zfl ¼ l a
r ^xn~ nu fp' rh* budsxq : FksA
& esokr {ks=k esabudk i zHkko v f/ d gS A
a

[66]
 la
r / Uuk
& Vka
d
s ft ysesa/ q ou xka o esa, d t kV i fjokj esabudk t Ue gq
v k FkkA
& / Uuk Hkh jkekua n t h dsf' k"; FksA
& bUgsajkt LFkku esaHkfDr v kanksy u ykusdk Js; t krk gSA
a
& cksjkukM+
k ( t ks/i q
j ) esabudk ea fnj cuk gqv k gS
A
a

la
r i hi k
& okLrfod uke& i zrki fl a g [ khpha
& xkxjkS
u dsjkt k FksA
& jkekua
n dsf' k"; FksA
& nt hZl ekt dsi zeq [ k nsorkA
& eq[ ; ea fnj& l enM+ h ( ckM+
esj)
& VkM
s+k ( Vksa
d ) esai hi k dh xqiQ k gS
A
a
& xkxjkS
u esaN=kh gS A
a

la
r ekot h
& budk t Ue Mq xji q
a j ft ysdsl koyk xka o esagqv k FkkA
& bUgksa
usa^fu"da y dh l Ei znk; * pyk; kA
& buesaHkxoku Jhd`".k dh fu"da y dh : i esai w t k dh t krh gS
A
a
& bUgksa
usacs.ks'oj / ke ( Mq xji q
a j ) dh LFkki uk dhA
& budsxzUFk dk uke ^pkS i M+
k* gS]a ft l esarhl jsfo' o ; q
¼ dh Hkfo"; ok.kh dh gq
bZgS
] ( okxM+
a h Hkk"kk esa
fy[ kkA)

& v y f[ k; k l Ei znk;
& bl dh LFkki uk Lokeh yky fxjh t h uspw : esadh FkhA
& chdkusj esabudh i zeq [ k i hB gS
A
a
& v y[ k Lrq fr i zd k' k budk i ze[qk xzUFk gS
A
a

uoy l Ei znk;
& bl dh LFkki uk uoy l kxj usukxkS
j dsg"kkZ
sy ko esadh FkhA budk eq
[ ; xzUFK uoys'oj v uq
Hko ok.kh gS
A
a

cky uUnkpk; Z
& ; sv kS
ja
xt sc dsl edkyhu FksA
& 52 ew frZ
; ksadksl q
j f{kr LFkku i j i a
gqpk; kA
& bUgksua
snqxkZnkl jkBkSM+] jkt fl a
g o ' k=kq
' kky dh l suk Hkst dj l gk; rk dh FkhA
& bUgsay' dj ( l suk) l a r Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& eq[ ; i hB& yksgkxZ y ( >q U>quq
)
a

j kt kj ke
& i Vsy t kfr dsyksx buesafo' ks"k v kLFkk j[ krsgS
A
a
& eq [ ; i hB& f' kdkji q
j k ( t ks/i q
j)
& i ; kZ oj.k l ja
{k.k dksc<+ kok fn; kA
[67]
 jkeLusgh l Ei znk;

& jkeLusgh l a i znk; dh jkt LFkku esai e

zq
[ k pkj i hB&
( 1) ' kkgi q
j k& ( HkhyokM+k)
& LFkki uk jkepj.k t h usdh FkhA
& jkepj.k t h dsmi ns'k ^v .kHkS ok.kh* uked xa zFk esal a
d fyr gS
A
a
& ' kkgi jqk esagksy h dsnw l jsfnu ^i Qy Mksy dk esy k* Hkjrk gS
w A
a

( 2) jS
. k ( ukxkS
j)
& bl i hB dh LFkki uk nfj; ko t h usdh FkhA

( 3) l hF
aky chdkusj
& bl i hB dh LFkki uk gfjjke t h usdh FkhA
& xza
Fk dk uke& fu' kkuh bl xza
Fk esa; kS
fxd fØ; kv ksadk mYys[k gS
A
a

( 4) [ kM
s+
ki k ( t ks/i q
j)
& bl i hB dh LFkki uk jkenkl t h usdh FkhA
& ; sgfjjkenkl t h ( l ha Fky) dsf' k"; FksA
&l ar tS eynkl dksl ha Fky o [ ksM+
ki k ' kk[ kk dk v kfn&v kpk; Zdgk t krk gS
A
a

& jke Lusgh l Ei znk; dsyksx fuxq . k jke dh i w

Z t k djrsgS
A
a
( ; gkajke l srkRi; Zn' kjFk i q
=k jke l sughagS A)
a
& jkeLusgh l Ei znk; dseafnjksadksjke}kjk dgrsgS A
a
& jkeLusgh l Ei znk; dsl ar xq y kch jax dh pknj i gursgS A
a

la
r ehjk
& ehjk dk t Ue i kyh ft ysdsdq M+d h xka
o esagq v k FkkA
& fi rk dk uke & jRufl a g
& nknk dk uke & nw nk ( t ks/k dk cl sNksVk csVk)
& ehjk dh ' kknh esokM+dsjk.kk l ka xk dsi q=k Hkkst jkt l sgq; h FkhA
& v i usi fr dseR̀;qdsckn ehjk esokM+l soki l esM+ r k v k x; h Fkh] fi Q
j ogkal soà
nkou pyh x; h FkhA
fi Qj oǹka
ou l s}kfjdk pyh x; h FkhA
& , slk dgk t krk gS afd ehjk }kfjdk dsjk.kNksM+ea fnj dh ew frZesafoyhu gksx; hA
& ehjk l xq . k Jhd`".k dh i fr ds: i esai w t k djrh Fkha
& ehjk usjS nkl ( jkeku Un dsf' k"; ) dksv i uk xq : cuk; k] jS nkl dh Nrjh fpÙkkS M+esacuh gq
bZgS
A
a
& jS
nkl dsmi ns'k ^jS nkl dh i jph* uked xza Fk esal a d fyr gS A
a
& ehjk dh i q Lrds%& ( 1) xhr xksfoUn ( 2) : Def.k ea xy ( 3) l R;Hkkek uw: l .kksa
& jruk [ kkrh dsl g; ksx l sujl h t h jksek; jksuked i q Lrd fy[ khA
& egkRek xka / h ehjk dksv U;k; dsfo: ¼ l a ?k"kZdjusokyh l R;kxzgh efgyk ds: i esans[krsFksA
& ehjk dksjkt LFkku dh jk/ k dgrsgS A
a
[68]
 HkDr d fo nq Hk%
yZ &
& i zeq
[ k i zHkko {ks=k okxM+jgk gS
A
a
& HkDr dfo nq yZ Hk dks^okxM+dk uf̀l a
g* dgrsgS
A
a

uj gMi hj % &
& okLrfod uke& gt jr ' kDdj ckckA
& l yhe fp' rh ^ft l dsv k' khokZ
n l st gka
xhj i S
nk gq
v k Fkk* ujgM+i hj dsf' k"; FksA
& d`".k t Uek"Veh dsfnu budk ml Zyxrk gS A
a
& l kEi znkf; d l kS
gknZdsfy, t kust krsgSA
a
& bUgas^ckxM+dk / .kh* dgrsgS a

xoj h ckbZ
& xojh ckbZ& ^okxM+dh ehjka *
& Mxa
wji q
j dsjkt k f' kofl a
g usbudsfy, ckyeq
dqUn ea
fnj cuok; k FkkA

jkt LFkku dsyksd xhr

& dslfj; k ckye% & jkT; xhr] ; g , d jt okMh xhr gS ] ft l esai fr dk ba
a r t kj djrh] i Ruh dh
fojg&O;Fkk dk o.kZ u gSA
a
& eksfj; ks%& ml yM+ d h }kjk xk; k t kusokyk xhr ft l dk l ECkU/ r; gkspq d k gSaysfdu ' kknh ughagq
bZ
A
&lo wfV; ksa %
& i jnsl x; si fr dsi kl rksrsdsekè; e l sl a ns'k Hkst rh Hkhy efgyk dk xhrA
& dq j t k¡%
& i jnsl x; si fr l sfeyu dh dq j t kal sdh x; h xq t kfj' kA
& dkxk% & dkxk dksmM+ kdj i Ruh v i usi fr dsv kxeu dk ' kxq u cukrh gS A
a
&iiS ; ksa
%& i Ruh , oai fr dschp v kn' kZnkEi R; i zse dk l w pdA
& i hi yh% & fojg xhr] bl esai Ruh }kjk i fr l si jns'k u t kusdh fourhA ekjokM+o ' ks[kkokVh esarht i j
xk; k t krk gS A
a
& dke.k% & oj dkst knw& Vksusl scpkusdsfy, xk; st kusokysxhrA
& l hB.ks% & fookg v kfn v ol jksai j efgykv ksa}kjk xk; st kusokysxkyh xhrA
& xksjcUn% & Å¡V dsxysdk , d v kHkw "k.k ( ' ks[kkokVh {ks=k esabl scukrsl e; xkust kusokyk xhr)
& fpjeh% &l l q j ky esav i usfi rk HkkbZdh i zrh{kk djrh o/ w}kjk xk; k t kusokyk xhrA
& c/ kok% & ' kqHk dk; ksadsl Ei Uu gksusi j xk; k t kusokyk xhrA
& i ko.kk% & nkekn dsl l q j ky v kusi j xk; k t kusokyk xhrA
& gel h<+ ks%& Hkhy efgyk] i q : "kksa}kjk xk; k t kusokyk xhrA
& i f.kgkjh% & v i usi frozr / eZi j v Vy L=kh dk xhrA
& fcPNw M+ksa
%
& gkM+ kS
r h {ks=k dk yksd xhrA
& fgpdh% & esokr {ks=k dk yksd xhrA
& <ksy kek: % & fl jksgh {ks=k dk ykd s xhrA

[69]
 jkt LFkku dh yksd xk; u ' kS
fy; ka
1- eka
M%&tS l yesj {ks=k dk i zkphu uke v r%; gkafodfl r yksd xk; u ' kS y h eka M dgyk; h t ksdkykUrj
esajkt LFkku esafofHkUu Hkkxksaesayksd fi z; gq bZ
A ds'kfj; k ckye bl h ' kS
y h dk yksd xhr gS
A
a
& i zeq [ k dykdkj% & 1- v Yykg ft ykbZckbZ( chdkusj) 2- xojh ckbZ( chdkusj)
3- xojh ckbZ( i kyh) 4- eka xh ckbZ( mn; i q j ) 5- t feyk ckuks( t ks/i q
j ) 6- cUukscsxe ( t ks/i q
j)
2- eka
xf. k; kj %&t S
l yesj] ckM+ esj {ks=k esaekaxf.k; kj t kfr }kjk fodfl r yksd xk; u ' kS y hA
& i zeq [ k dykdkj& l n~ nhd [ kka( [ kM+
r ky dk t knw xj) ] l kdj [ kka( dek; pk oknd)
3- y a
xk%
&tS l yesj] ckM+ esj {ks=k esaya
xk t kfr }kjk fodfl r yksd xk; u ' kS y hA
& eq [ ; ok| ; a =k& dek; pk] l ka j xh
& eq [ ; xhr& fuEcq M+k
4- r ky ca
nh%
& djkS
y h] l okbZek/ ksiq
j ] Hkjri q
j {ks=k dsl k/ qegkRekv ksa}kjk fodfl r yksd xk; u ' kS
y hA
& eq
[ ; ok| ; a
=k%
& uxkM+
kA

jkt LFkku dsyksd &uR̀;

ej %
?kw &
- jkt LFkku dk jkT; uR̀;A
- uR̀;ksadk fl jekS jA
- jkt LFkku dh v kRekA
- dsoy efgykv ksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS ]a fookg , oaeka xfyd v ol jka si j fo' ks"kr%x.kxkS
j
- ?kw
ej esagkFkksadk ypdnkj l a pkyu v kd"kZ d gksrk gS A
a
- yga xsads?kwe dsdkj.k gh bl s?kw ej dgk t krk gS A
a
- bl esafo' ks"k 8 pj.k gksrsgS] ft Ugsal okbZdgrsgS
a a
- <+ksy ] uxkM+k] ' kgukbZok| ; =kksadk i z;ksx fd; k t krk gSA
a
- bl sjt okM+ h yksd uR̀; dgk t krk gS A
a ( jkt i fjokjksaesafo' ks"kr%
)

dPNh ?kksM+ h%&

- ' ks[kkokVh {ks=k dk i zfl ¼ yksd uR̀; ( O;kol kf; d uR̀;)
- dsoy i q : "kksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS A
a
- pkj & pkj i a fDr; ksaesai q
: "k v keus&l keus[ kM+
sgksd j uR̀; djrsgSa
- uR̀; djrsl e; i Q y dh i a
w [ kq
fM+
; ksadsf[ kyusdk v kHkkl gksrk gS
A
a
- bl esaur̀d gkFk esaryokj j[ krsgS A
a

v fXu uR̀ ;%&

- t l ukFkh l Ei znk; dsyksxksa}kjk ; g uR̀; fd; k t krk gS A
a
- chdkusj dk drfj; kl j xka o bl dk eq [ ; LFky gS A
a
- uR̀; djrsl e; v kx l serhjk i Q ksM+
uk] ryokj dsdjrc fn[ kkuk i zeq
[ k gS
A
a
- uR̀; djrsl e; ur̀d i Q rs&i Q
rscksy rk gSA
a
- v kx dsl kFk jkx o i Q kx dk l qUnj l eUo; n[ skusdksfeyrk gS A
a
- chdkusj egkjkt k xa xkfl a
g usbl uR̀; dksl a j {k.k i znku fd; kA
[70]
 xha
nM+uR̀ ;% &
- ' k[skkokVh {ks=k dk yksd uR̀; ( uxkM+ k i zeq
[ k ok| ; a
=k)
- ek?k i w f.kZ
ek ( gksy h dk Ma Mk jkis.k) l sbl dh ' kq: v kr gkst krh gS
av kS
j fi Q
j gksy h rd pyrk jgrk gS
a
A
- xhn aM+dsoy i q : "kksa}kjk fd; k t krk gSA
a
- i :q "k ds}kjk efgyk oL=k i gudj fd; k t kusokyk uR̀;& x.kxkS j dgykrk gS A
a

HkokbZuR̀;% &
- mn; q
iqj {ks=k esafd; k t kusokyk O;kol kf; d uR̀;A
- bl yksd uR̀; esaryokjksauk ukpuk eq g l s: eky mBkuk] Fkkyh dsfdukjksai j ukpuk] fxykl ksai j ukpuk]
a
fl j i j l kr & v kB eVdsj[ k dj uR̀; v kfn djrc fd; st krsgS A
a

pj h uR̀;% &
- fd' kux<+{ks=k esa A
- xqtZj efgykv ksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS
A
- fl j i j l kr pjh j[ kdj] l cl sÅi j dh pjh esadi kl dscht ksadkst ykdj uR̀; fd; k t krk gS
A
a
- iQ ydwckbZ %& i zfl ¼ uR̀;ka
xuk

r sjg r ky h uR̀;% & mn~ xe LFky& i knjyk( i kyh)

- dkeM+t kfr @i a Fk ( jkenso t h dsHkDr) dh efgykv ksa}kjk fd; k t krk gS
A
a
- bl esaukSea ft jsnk; sai S
j esacka/ st krsgS
A
a
- 2 ea ft jsdksguh dsÅi j nksuksagkFkksaesarFkk nksea
ft js, d & , d gkFk esafy, t krsgS
A
a
- efgyk, acS B dj uR̀; djrh gS A
a
- ekxah ckbZ& i zfl ¼ uR̀;kaxukA
- ok| ; a =k& eat hjk] rkui w
j k] pkS
r kjkA

<+
ksy uR̀ ;%&
- t kykS j {ks=k dk i zfl ¼ yksd uR̀;
- <+kys h] ekyh] Hkhy] l jxM+ k v kfn t kfr; ksaesai q
: "kksa}kjk eka
xfyd v ol jksai j fd; k t krk gS
a
A
- Fkkduk ' kS y h esauR̀; fd; k t krk gS
A
a
- t ; ukjk; .k O;kl }kjk dykdkjksadksi zksRl kgu fn; k x; kA

ce uR̀;% &
- v yoj] Hkjri q
j ] / kS
yi q
j {ks=kksaesai Q
l y dh dVkbZdsv ol j i j i q
: "kksa}kjk fd; k t kusokyk yksd uR̀;A
- bl esauxkM+sdksce fd; k t krk gS A
a
- bl esaxk; u dksjfl ; k dgk t krk gS ] bl fy, bl uR̀; dksce jfl ; k Hkh dgk t krk gS
a a

?kqy k uR̀;%
M+ & ( t ks/i q
j dsjkt k l kry dh ; kn ea
sA)
- ekjokM+{ks=k esa' khryk"Veh l sx.kxkS j rd fd; k t krk gS
A
a
- fNfnzr eVdsesanhi d j[ kdj yM+ fd; k Mka
l djrh gSA
a
- ef.k' ka
d j xka
xq
y h] nsohyky l kej] dksey dksBkjh]& usbl sv UrjkZ
"Vªh; Lrj i j ea
p i znku fd; kA

[71]
 fca
nkSy h uR̀;%
&
- >kykokM+{ks=k dk yksd uR̀;A
- gksy hg dsv ol j i j fd; k t krk gS
A
a

pax uR̀;% &

- ' ks[kkoVh {ks=k esagksy h dsv ol j i j i q
: "kksa}kjk fd; st kusokyk uR̀;A

x uR̀;%
Mka &
- ukFk}kjk {ks=k esagksy h dsv ol jksai j fd; k t krk gS
A
a

;%
t ut kfr ; ksa dsuR̀ &
Hkhy t ut kfr %
1- xSj% & esokM+{ks=k esaHkhy i q : "kksa}kjk fd; k t kusokyk yksd uR̀;A
& ekjokM+esa; g yksd uR̀; l Hkh l Ei znk; }kjk fd; k t krk gS A
a
& eq [ ; dsUnz& dukuk ( ckM+ esj)
& v ksaxh uked oL=k i gudj uR̀; fd; k t krk gS A
a
2- xoj h uR̀;% &
- esokM+esaHkhy i q : "kksa}kjk fd; k t kuk okyk yksd uR̀;A
- Hkknzin d`".k , de~( j{kkcU/u l s, d fnu ckn) l s' kq : gksd j 40 fnu rd pyrk gS A
a
- bl esaxojh i koZ r h dk i zrhd gS A
a
- bl sjkbZuR̀; Hkh dgrsgS A
a
3- gkFkheuk% &
& Hkhy i q : "kksa}kjk fookg dsv ol j i j ?kw Vuksadscy cS Bdj fd; k t krk gS
A
a
4- ust k% & Hkhy o eh.kk t ut kfr dsyksd uR̀;A ydM+ h dsMaMsi j ukfj; y cka
/ k t krk gS
A efgyk, saml dh
a
j{kk djrh gS arFkk i q
: "k mrkjusdh dksf' k' k djrk gS A
a
5- ?kq
ej k% & cka l okM+k {ks=k dh efgykv ksa}kjkA
6- ; q
¼% &
7- f} pd j h% &

xj kfl ; k t ut kfr %
1-oky j uR̀;% & ( fookg v kfn eka xfyd v ol jksai j fd; k t kusokyk)
- efgyk i q : "k nksuksaHkkx ysrsgS
A
a
- okyj uR̀; esafdl h Hkh ok| ; a =kksadk i z;ksx ughafd; k t krk gS
A
a
- uR̀; djrsl e; efgyk & i q : "k v ¼Zor̀ cukrsgS A
a
2- eka ny% &
3- yw j%&
4- dw n%&
5- t okj k%& efgykv ksa}kjk gksy h dk ngu dsl e; A
6- eksfj; k%
&iq : "kksa}kjk fookg dsl e; A
7- xkSj%&

[72]
 d ky csfy ; k t ut kfr % &
1- pdjh% & xq y kcks( i zfl ¼ uR̀;kxa
uk)
2- ' ka
d fj; k%& i zse dgkuh i j v k/ kfjr ; q
xy uR̀;A
3- ckxfM+ ; k%
& Hkh[ k eka xrsl e; efgykv ksa}kjkA
4- i f.kgkjh% &
5- baMks.kh%&

eso%j.kckt k] jrobZ

l gfj ; k%f' kdkjh uR̀;

d FkkSh%t ut kfr%ekofy; k uR̀; ( i q

M+ : "kksa}kjk uojk=kk dsl e; ) ] gksy h uR̀; ( efgykv ksa}kjk i Q
Mdk l kM+
h
i gudj fi jkfeM cuk; k t krk gS A)
a
dt aj%& pdjh ( efgyk) ] / kdM ( i q : "k)

[73]
 jkt LFkku dhfp=kdyk
& czkmu egksn; usjkt LFkku dh fp=kdyk dks^jkt i q r dyk* dgkA
& H.C. esgrk & ^fgUnw' kS y h*
& v kuUn dq ekj Lokeh us1916 ea sfy[ kh v i uh i qLrd ^Rajput Paintings* esajkt LFkku dh fp=kdyk dks
jkt i w
r fp=k ' kS y h dgk rFkk bl jkt i w r fp=k ' kSy h esai gkM+h ' kS
y h ( fgekpy i zns'k) dksHkh ' kkfey dj
fy; kA
& jked`".k nkl & jkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk
& esokM+dksjkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk dh t UeHkw fe dgk t krk gS A
a
& jkt LFkku dsl cl si zkphu fp=k t S l yesj dsft uHknzl w j h Hka
Mkj esal a xzghr gS
A
a
& eq [ ; i zkpuh fp=k% ( 1) v ks| fu; q fDr of̀Ùk ( 2) nl oS d kfyd l w =k pw f.kZ& t S
u xzUFk
Note- t S uksausl cl si gysd kxt i j fp=k rFkk {ks=kh; Hkk"kk esafy[ kuk ' kq : fd; kA
& HkkSxkSfyd o l ka Ldf̀r d v k/ kj i j jkt LFkku dh fp=kdyk dks4 Hkkxksaesacka Vk t krk gSA
a
( 1) esokM+' kS y h& pko.M] nsox<+ ] ukFk}kjk
( 2) ekjokM+' kS y h& t k/ siqj ] chdkusj] fd' kux<+] v t esj] ukxkSj] t Sl yesj
( 3) <q <+
a kM+' kSy h& t ; i qj ] v yoj] mf.k; kjk] ' ks[kkokVh
( 4) gkM+ kS
r h ' kS
y h& dksVk] cw nh
a

( 1) esokM+' kSy h% &

& 1260 bZ - esajkoy rst fl ag dsl e; v kgM esa^Jkod i zfrØe.k l w =k pw f.kZ
* uked xza Fk fpf=kr fd; k
x; kA
& 1423 bZ - esaeksd y dsl e; nsy okMk esa^l q i k' oZ
ukFk pfj=k* uked xza Fk fpf=kr fd; k x; kA
& egkjk.kk dq EHkk usHkh esokM+dh fp=kdyk esav i uk ; ksxnku fn; k FkkA
& egkjk.kk i zrki dsl e; pko.M l sesokM+dh fp=kdyk ' kS y h dk Lora =k fodkl i zkjEHk gksrk gSa
A
& bl l e; <+ ksy k&ek: dk fp=k fpf=kr fd; k x; k] t ksorZ eku esajk"Vªh; l a xzgky; fnYyh esaj[ kk gq v k gS
A
a
& egkjk.kk v ejfl a g dsl e; bl fp=kdyk ' kS y h dk fodkl v xzlj gksrk gS A ukfl jn~
a nhu uked , d
fp=kdkj us^jkxekyk* dk fp=k.k fd; kA
& bl dsckn ckjgekl k dk fp=k.k fd; k x; kA
& egkjk.kk t xrfl a g dsl e; dksesokM+dh fp=kdyk dk Lo.kZ d ky dgrsgS A
a
& t xrfl ag us^fprsjksdh v kscjh* dk fuekZ . k djok; kAfprsjh dh v kscjh dks^rLohjkajksdkj[ kkuksa * Hkh
dgrsgS A
a
& t xrfl ag dsl e; l kfgcnhu uked , d fp=kdkj usegkjk.kkv ksadsO;fDrxr fp=k cuk, A
& egkjk.kk l axzkefl a
g f}rh; dsl e; dyhyk&neuk o eq Yyk nksI; kt k dsyrhi Q sxzUFkksadsfp=k fpf=kr
fd, A
& egkjk.kk t xrfl a g f}rh; dsl e; uq : n~
nhu uked fp=kdkj ust xrfl a g f}rh; dk fp=k cuk; kA
& bl ' kSy hg esaf' kdkj dsn`' ; ksadh fp=kdkjh esaf=k&v k; keh i zHkko fn[ kk; h nsrk gSA
a
& euksgj o dì kjke bl ' kS y h dsv U; fp=kdkj FksA
& dnEc o`{k dk v f/ d fp=k.k fd; k x; k gS A
a

nsox<+
%
&

[74]
 & 1680 bZ - esaegkjk.kk t ; fl a
g us}kfjdknkl pw Mkor dksnsox<+fBdk.kk fn; k FkkA
a
& ; ghal sfp=kdyk dh nsox<+' kS y h i zkjEHk gksrh gS
A
a
& nsox<+' kSy h esaeskM ekjokM o v kejsrhuksa' kS fy; ksadk i zHkko fn[ kk; h nsrk gS
A
a
& Jh/ j v a?kkjsusbl ' kS y h dksi zd k' k esaykusdk dke fd; kA
& nsox<+' kSy h esav ?kkjk dh v kscjh o eksrhegy dsfHkfÙk fp=k nsox<+' kS y h dsi zeq
[ k v kgj.k gS
A
a
& gjso i hysjsa xksadk v f/ d i z;ksx fd; k x; k gS A
a

ukFk}kjk%
&
& fi NokbZfp=k.k ukFk}kjk ' kS
y h dh ekS
fyd fo' ks"krk gS
A
a
& dsy sdso`{kksadh i z/kurk gS A
a

ekjokM+' kS y h% &
t ks/i q
j
& ekynso dsl e; ; g fp=k ' kS y h i zkjEHk gq bZ
A
& pks[ksy k egy esafHkfÙk fp=k cuk, x, A( jke&jko.k ; q ¼ dsn`' ; )
& mrjkè; ; u l w =k uked xzUFk fpf=kr fd; k x; kA
& egkjkt k l w j fl a
g dsl e; <+ ksy k&ek: o Hkkxor i q j k.k fpf=kr fd, x, A
& 1623 bZ - esaohjt h ( foBq y nkl pkEi kor) us^jkxekyk* dk fp=k.k fd; kA
& egkjkt k t l oa r fl a
g dsl e; fp=kdyk esaeq xy i zHkko v k x; k FkkA
& bl l e; d`".k yhykv ksadsfp=k v f/ d fpf=kr fd, x, A
& ekufl a g dsl e; ukFkksadk i zHkko v f/ d Fkk] v r%' kS o l Ei znk; l sl EcfU/ fp=k v f/ d fpf=kr gq ,A
&iq Lrdsa %& ukFk pfj=k] f' ko i q j k.k] nq xkZpfj=k
& egkjkt k r[ rfl a g dsl e; ; w j kish; i zhkko v k t krk gSA
a
& K. K. MULER uked , d fp=kdkj usnq xkZ
nkl jkBkS M+dk ?kksM+si j cSBdj Hkkysl sjksVh l sa
d rsgq
, fp=k
cuk; kk gSA
a
& ^^pkSchl ?kM+ h] v kB i gj] ?kq MysÅi j okl A l sy v .kh l q al sd rks] ckVh nq
xkZ
nkl **
& t ks/i qj ' kS
y h esai zse dgkfu; kav f/ d fpf=kr dh x; hA
&tS l s& <+ ksy k&ek: ] egsUnz&eq ey] ohjenso l ksuxjk v kfnA
& bu ' kS y h esacknyksadk v f/ d fp=k.k fd; k x; kA
& yky o i hysja xksadk v f/ d i z;ksx gq v k gS
A
a
& gkfl ; sesaHkh i hysja x dk v f/ d i z;ksx gq v k gSA
a

chdkusj ' kS
yh
& egkjkt k jk; fl a
g dsl e; i zkjEHk gqbZHkkxor i qj k.k fofp=k djok; k x; kA
& egkjkt k v uwi fl a
g dk l e; fp=kdyk ' kS y h dk Lo.kZ d ky dgk t krk gSA
a
mLrk dyk% &
& egkjkt k v uwi fl a
g ykgkS
j l sv yh jt k] : Duqn~nhu uked nksdykdkjksadksysd j v k, ] ft Ugksusachdkusj
esamLrk dyk i zkjEHk dhA
& mLrk dyk esaÅa V dh [ kky i j l ksusdh fp=kdkjh dh t krh gS A
a
& fgl keq
n~nhu mLrk dksbl dsfy, i n~ e Jh fey pq d k gS
A
a
& chdkusj ds^dS ey gkbZ
M+Vªsfuxal sUVj* esamLRkk dyk fl [ kk; h t krh gS
A
a

[75]
 eFksj.kk dyk% &
&tS uksadh , d mi t kfr
a
& xhysIykLVj i j fp=k cuk, t krsgS a
& bl si zQ sLdksdgrsgS A
a
& bl sv jkFkjk Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& ' ks[kkokVh {ks=k esai .kk dgk t krk gS A
a
& chdkusj dh fp=k dyk ' kS y h esai takch] nDduh o eq xy rhuksai zHkko fn[ kk; h nsrsgS
A
a
& chdkusj ' kS y h dh i zeq [ k fo' ks"krk eq
fLye fp=kdkjksa}kjk fgUnwi kS
j kf.kd fp=kksadk v a
d u fd; k t kuk gS
A
a
& ^^rsjk l kjk t gj mrj t k, xk] nksfnu esjs' kgj esajg dj rksns[k**
& chdkusj dsfp=kdkj fp=k dsl kFk v i uk uke o frfFk v a fdr djrsFksA

fd' kux<+' kS y h%&

& ^i Q; kt v yh o , fjd fMDl u* bl ' kS
S y h dksi zd k' k esayk, A
& egkjkt k l koUrfl a g dk l e; fd' kux<+' kS y h dk Lo.kZ d ky dgk t krk gS A
a
& oYyHk l Ei znk; dk i zhkko v f/ d gksusdsdkj.k d`".k & yhykv ksadk fp=k.k djok; kA
& bl h jfl d fcgkjh dh rLohj dksc.kh&B.kh dgk t krk gS ] ft l dk fp=kdkj ^eksjèot fugkypUn* FkkA
a
& , fjd fMDl u usbl s^Hkkjr dh eku skfyl k* dgk gS A
a
& , d nw l jk i zeq
[ k fp=k pka
nuh jkr dh xks"Bh gS aft l dk fp=kdkj v ehjpUn FkkA
& fd' kux<+' kS y h esadkaxM+k ' kS
y h dk i zHkko v f/ d fn[ kk; h nsrk gS A
a
& ukjh l kS Un; Zdk v f/ d fp=k.k gq v k gSA
a
& ukjh i k=kksadsukd esackyh bl ' kySh dh i zeq [ k fo' ks"krk gS
a

v t esj ' kS
y h%
&
& l kfgck uked , d efgyk fp=kdj dk uke feyrk gS
A
a

ukxkS
j ' kS
y h%
&
& bl ' kS y h esacq >sgq, jaxksadk v f/ d i z;ksx fd; k t krk FkkA
& i kjn' khZos'kHkw
"kk bl ' kS
y h dh fo' ks"krk gS
A
a

tS
l yesj%
&
& ewey dk fp=k.k v f/ d gq v k gSA
a
&tS l yesj dsfp=kksai j fdl h v U; ' kS
y h dk i zHkko ut j ughav krk gS
A
a
& c.kh&B.kh i j 1973 esaMkd&fVdV t kjh fd; k x; kA

[76]
 <q
¡<+
k<+' kS
y h%
&
& <q ¡<+
k<

t ;iq
j%&
& eqxy ' kS
y h dk l okZ f/ d i zHkko fn' k[ kk; h nsrk gS
A
a
& egkjkt k ekufl ag dsl e; ; ' kkn sk dk fp=k cuk; k x; kA
& fet kZjkt k t ; fl a
g us& fcgkjh l rl bZ] d`".k : Def.k] xhr xksfoUn] v kfn dsfp=k v i uh jkuh pUnzkorh
dsfy, cuok, A
& l okbZt ; fl a g usv kejsesal wj r[ kkusdh LFkki uk dhA
& egkjkt k bZ ' ojhfl a
g dsl e; l kfgcjke uked , d fp=kdkj usv knedn fp=k cuk, A
& ek/ ksfl ag dsl e; fHkfÙk fp=k v f/ d cuk, x, A
& ^i q. Mjhd gosy h* dsfHkfÙk fp=k i ze[ k gaA
S
& i zrki fl a
g dk l e; t ; i qj fp=kdyk ' kSy h dk Lo.kZ d ky FkkA
& bl l e; ykypa n uked , d fp=kdkj usi ' kq v ksadh yM+kbZdsn`' ; cuk, A
& fo' ks"krk, a%& v knedn fp=k.] fHkfrfp=k.k] m| ku fp=k.k] gkfFk; ksadk fp=k.k

v yoj ' kS
y h%
&
& egkjkt k fou; fl ag dk l e; v yoj ' kS y h dk Lo.kZdky FkkA
& cynso uked , d fp=kdkj us' ks[koknh dh i q Lrd ^xq fyLrk* dk fp=k.k fd; kA
& v yoj ' kS y h esaos'; kv ksadsfp=k l okZ
f/ d cuk, x, A
& egkjkt k f' konku fl ag dsl e; ^dke' kkL=k* dk fp=k.k gq v kA
& ewy pUn uked , d fp=kdkj gkFkhnka r i j fp=kdkjh djrk FkkA
& fo' ks"krk%
& y?kqfp=k.kk] ; ksxkl u dsfp=k] gkfl ; sesacsy & cwVksadk i z;ksxA
& jkt x<+dsegyksaesa' k' kegy dk fp=k.k jko c[ rkojfl a g ds}kjk djok; k x; k] ; ghal sfp=kdyk dh
v yoj ' kS y h dk fodkl gq v kA

mf.k; kjk ' kS

y h%
& (Vksa
d)
& dNokv ksadh ^u: dk ' kk[ kk* dk i zeq[ k fBdk.kkA
& ; gka<q ¡<+
k<+o cwnh ' kS
a y h dk i H
zkko@
reUo; ns[kusdksfeyrk gS
A
a
& fp=kdkj & / hek] Hkhe] ehjc[ ' k] dk' kh] jke y[ ku

' ks[kkokVh' kS
y h%
&
& fHkfÙk fp=kksadsfy, i zfl ¼A
& dEi uh ' kS y h dk i zHkko v f/ d fn[ kk; h nsrk gS
A
a
& uhyso gjsaja xksadk v f/ d i z;ksx fd; k x; kA
& mn; i q j okVh esat ksxhnkl dh Nrjh fHkfÙk fp=kksadksfy, i zfl ¼ gS
Abu fHkfÙk fp=kksadk fp=kdkj ^ns
a ok* FkkA
& i rsgi qj dh xks;udk gosy h dsfHkfÙk fp=k Hkh v kd"kZ d gS a
A

[77]
 gkM+
kS
r h ' kS
y h% &
cw
nh%
a &
& jko l q j t u dsl e; ; g ' kS y h i zkjEHk gq bZFkhA
& jko jrufl a g dsl e; nhi d o HkS j oh jkx i j fp=k cuk; sx; sA
& ' k=kq
l ky dsl e; ja xegy dk fuekZ . k djok; k x; k t ksfHkfÙk fp=kksadsfy, i zfl ¼ gSA
a
& mEesnfl a g dk l e; ca nh fp=kdyk ' kS
w y h dk Lo.kZdkyk dgk t krk gS A bUgksa
a usacw
nh dsfdysesafp=k' kkyk dk
a
fuekZ . k djok; k] ft l sfHkfr fp=kksadk LoxZdgrsgS A
a

fo' ks"krk%
&
& i ' kq&i {kh o i zd f̀r fp=k.kA
& esokM+' kS y h dk v f/ d i zHkko fn[ kk; h nsrk gS
A
a

dksVk%&
& egkjko jkefl a g dsl e; ' kq: gq ; h FkhA
& Hkhefl ag dsl e; d`".k yhykv ksadk v f/ d v a d u gq v k gS
A
a
& mEensfl ga dk l e; dksVk&' kS y h dk Lo.kZ d ky ekuk t krk gS A
a
& ^Mkyw * uked , d fp=kdkj usjkxekyk dksfpf=kr fd; kA
& i zeq
[ k fo' ks"krk& f' kdkj dsn`' ;
& efgykv ka sdksi ' kq v ksadk f' kdkj djrsgq ; sfn[ kk; k x; k gS
A
a
& ukjh l kSUn; Zdk l cl sv f/ d fp=k.k dksVk ' kS y h esagq v k gS
A
a

i zeq
[ k v k/ q
fud fp=kdkj%
&
( 1) jkexksiky fot ; oxhZ%&
& jkt LFkku dsl cl sv xz.kh fp=kdkjA
& l cl si gys, dy fp=k i zn' kZ uh yxkuh ' kq
: dhA
& budsxq : dk uke ' kS
y sUnzukFk MsA
& l kfgfR;d jpuk% & ^v fHkl kj fu' kk*

( 2) xkso/ Zu yky ckck%&

& Hkhyksadk fprsjk
& i zeq
[ k fp=k %
& ckjkr

( 3) dq Unuyky feL=kh% &

& bUgksuasegkjk.kk i zrki dk fp=k cuk; kA
& jkt k jfo oekZusdq Unu yky feL=kh dsfp=kksadksns[kdj egkjk.kk i zrki dk fp=k cuk; kAjkt k jfooekZ( dsjy)
dks^Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dk fi rkeg* dgk t krk gS A
a
( 4) l kS
HkkX; ey xgyksr% &
& bUgsauhM+dk fprsjk dgrsgS A
a
( 5) i jekuUn pks;y% &
[78]
 & bUgsaHkS
l ksadk fprsjk dgrsgS
a A
a

( 6) t xeksgu ek; ksfM; k%

&

& bUgsaLoku dk fprsjk dgrsgS

A
a

( 7) Hkw
j fl a
g ' ks[kkor%
& bUgksuasns'kHkDr o Øka frdkfj; ksadsfp=k cuk, A
& budsfp=kksaesajkt LFkkuh v a' k v f/ d i k; k t krk gS
A
a

( 8) T; ksfrLo: i dPNkok%
& fp=k INNER JUNGLE

( 9) nsodhuUnu ' kekZ

%
&
& bUgsa'The Master of Nature and Living Object' dgrsgS
A
a

[79]
 jkt LFkku dsnq
xZ
( 1) xkxjkSu dk fdyk % &
& orZ eku >kykokM+ft ysesadkyh fl a / o v kcwufn; ksadsfdukjsfLFkr gS A
a
& xkxjkSu dk fdyk , d t ynq xZgSA
a
& bl dk fuekZ . k MksM i jekj ' kkl dksausdjok; k Fkk] bl fy, bl sMksMx<+Hkh dgrsgS
Abl s/ w
a y jx<+Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& nsosufl a
g [ khph usct hynso MksM dksgjkdj bl i j v f/ dkj dj fy; k FkkA( pkS gku dq
y dYi nq ze dsv uq
w l kj)

tS
=kfl a
g
& 1303esa At S=kfl a
g dsl e; v ykmnhu usv kØe.k fd; k FkkA
&l a r gehnqn~
nhu fp' rht S
=kfl a
g dsl e; xkxjk.Sk v k, Fks] ft Ugsage ^ehBsl kgc* dsuke l st kursgS
abudh njxkg
xkxjkS. k dsfdysesacuh gq ; h gS
A
a

i zrki fl a
g
& bUga sge l ar i hi k dsuke l st kursgS A
a
& budsl e; esafi Q jkst rq
xyd usxkxjkS . k i j foi Q
y v kØe.k fd; k FkkA
&l a r i hi k dh Nrjh xkxjkS . k esacuh gq
; h gS A
a

v py nkl
& 1423 bZ - esaekyok dk l q y rku gks'kxa' kkg xkxjkS
u i j v kØe.k djrk gS
Abl l e; xkxjkS
a . k dsfdysdk i gyk
l kdk gksrk gS
A
a
& v pynkl f[ ka ph v i usl kfFk; ksadsl kFk yM+ r k gq
v k ekjk t krk gS
A
a
& ykyk esokM+ h ususrR̀o esat kS
gj fd; k t krk gS A
a
& v pynkl [ khph dh v U; jkuh dk uke & mek l ka [ kyk ( t ka
xyw
)
& f' konkl xkM.k us^v pynkl [ khph jh opfudk* uked xzUFk fy[ kk gS A
a

i kYg.kfl a
g ( v pynkl dk csVk] dq EHkk dk Hkka
t k)
& 1444 bZ - esaekyok dk l q Yrku egew n f[ kyt h xkxjkS
. k i j v kØe.k djrk gS A
a
& dq EHkk v i usl sukuk; d / hjt nosdksHkst dj i kYg.kfl a g dh l gk; rk djrk gS A
a
& bl l e; xkxjkS . k dsfdysdk nw l jk l kdk gksrk gSAegew
a n f[ kyt h usxkxjkS
. k dk fdyk egkjk.kk l ka
xk ( esokM+
)
dsv f/ dkj esav k x; k FkkA
& l kaxk usv i usfe=k esfnuh jk; ( pUnsjh) dks; g fdyk nsfn; kA
& 1567&68 dsfpÙkkS M+v kØe.k dsl e; v dcj bl dsfdysesaBgjrk gS av kSj iQt h bl l seq
S y kdkr djrk gS A
a
& ckn esav dcj us; g fdyk i F̀ohjkt jkBkS M+dksnsfn; kA
& i F̀ohjkt jkBkSM+usbl h fdysesa^csfyfØl .k : fDe.kh* dh jpuk dhA
& ' kkgt gkaus; g fdyk dksVk egkjkt k ek/ ksfl a g dksnsfn; k Fkka
& dksVk egkjkt k nq tZul ky us; gkae/ q lnqu dk ea fnj cuok; kA
& t kfyefl g a >kyk us; gkat kfye dksV ( i jdksVk) dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& v kSja
xt sc us; gkacq y Un njokt sdk fuekZ . k djok; kA

[80]
 & bl fdysesa, d t kS gj dqMva
a / sjh ckoM+
h gS
a; gkacafn; ksadksl t k nh t krh FkhA
& xkxjkS
. k dk fdyk fcuk uho ds( pVk̀uksai j) [ kM+
k gSA
a
& dksVk jkT; dh Vdl ky ; ghai j FkhA

( 2) fpÙkkSM+x<+dk fdyk% &

& nqxkZsdk fl jekSj
& nqxksZdk rhFkZLFky
& jkt LFkku dk xkS jo
& ^v ksx<+uhpksfde >q dS
] Å¡pksat l fxj okl Agj >kVSt kS gj t BS] gj HkkBsbfrgkl *
& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k fp=kkxa
n ekS; Zusfd; k FkkA ( dq ekji ky i zcU/ dsv uq l kj)
& 743 bZ - esacki k jkoy useku ekS ; Zdksgjkdj fpÙkkS M+dsfdysi j v f/ dkj dj fy; kA
& 1559 bZ - esamn; i qj dh LFkki uk rd fprkS M+esokM+dh jkt / kuh jgk gS A; g jkt LFkk dk l cl scM+
a k v kokl h;
fdyk gS A
a
& fpÙkkSM+dsfdysesarhu l kdsgq , A 1- 1303 bZ - esa 2- 1535 bZ - 3- 1568 bZ - esa
A
& dq EHkk usadqEHk' ; keA dEHkk Lokeh dk ea fnj] Jà
xkj pa ojh dk ea fnj cuok; kA
& eksd y us( l fe}s'oj) ea fnj dk i q ufuZek.k djok; kA
& cuohj usuoy[ kk Hka Mkj cuok; kA
& cuohj usrq y t k Hkokuh dk ea fnj cuok; kA
& fpÙkkSM+dsfdysesa% & jRus'oj rkykc] Hkheyr rkykc] ehjk ea fnj] dkfydk ea fnj] yk[ kksVk ckjh v kfn i zeq
[k
gS
A
a
& fpÙkkSM+dk fdyk eslk i Bkj i j ehukdf̀r esacuk gq v k gS A
a
& / kUou nq xZdksNksM+ d j bl esav U; l Hkh fo' ks"krk, agS
A
a
& ; g fdyk xEHkhjh o csM+ p ufn; ksadsfdukjscl k gq v k gSA
a
& egkjk.kk dq EHkk usbl esafot ; LrEHk ( dhfrZLrEHk) dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& fpÙkkSM+dsfdysesa, d t S u dhfrZLrEHk cuk gq v k gS
A
a
& ; g jkt LFkku dh i zFke bekjr gS ] ft l i j 15 v xLr 1949 dks, d : i ; sdk Mkd fVdV t kjh fd; k x; k FkkA
a

( 3) dq EHkyx<+dk fdyk% &

& egkjk.kk dq EHkk us1448 bZ - dschp djok; kA
& dq EHkyx<+dk okLrq d kj eMau FkkA
& dq EHkyx<+orZ eku jkt l ean ft ysesafLFkr gS A
a
& dq EHkyx<+dsfdysdksesokM+ &ekjokM dk l hek i zgjh dgrsgS a
& v R;f/ d Å¡pkbZi j cuk gq v k gksusdsdkj.k v cqy &i Q
t y usdgk Fkk fd bl fdysdksuhpsl sÅi j dh v ksj
ns[kusi j i xM+
h fxj t krh gS A
a
& dq EHkyx<+ds' kh"kZHkkx esadVkjx<+cuk gq v k gS
] t ksdq
a EHkk dk fut h v kokl FkkAdVkjx<+dksesokM+dh v ka
[k
dgrsgS A
a
& dq EHkyx<+dsfdysesam¼k usdq EHkk dh gR;k ( ekenso dq M dsi kl ) dh FkhA
a
& mM+ ukjkt dq
ekjk i F̀ohjkt dh Nrjh cuh gq ; h gS
A ( 12 [ kEHkksadh)
a
& i Uuk/ k; mn; fl a
g dksysd j dq EHkyx<+dsfdysesav k; h Fkh mn; fl a g dk jkfryd ; ghagqv k FkkA
[81]
 & i zrki usHkh v i uk ' kq
: v krh ' kkl u dqEHkyx<+l spyk; k FkkA
& dq EHkyx<+dsfdysdksesokM+ds' kkl dksadh ^l a d Vdkyhu jkt / kuh* dgrsgS
A
a
& dq EHkyx<+dsfdysesaHkh dq EHkk Lokeh dk ea fnj cuk gqv kk gS
A
a
& bl h fdysesa>kyh jkuh dk ekfy; k cuk gq v k gS
A
a
& dq EHkyx<+dsnhokj dh yEckbZ& 36 fdyksehVj gS A
a
& pkS M+kbZbruh gS
afd v kB ?kksMsl ekukUrj nkS M+l drsgS A
a
& duZ y tE sl VkW
M usbl dh rq y uk ( ; w
j kis) ds, Vªq
Ldu* l sdh gS A
a

( 4) j.kFkEHkkSj dk fdyk% &

& orZ eku esal okbZek/ ksiqj esafLFkrA
& 8 oha' krkCnh esapkS gku ' kkl dksa}kjk fufeZ rA
& v .Mkdkj v kdf̀r esafufeZ rA
& fxfj o ou nksuksanq xksZdh fo' ks"krk j[ krk gS A
a
& v cq y iQ t y% &
& ^ckdh l c fdysua xsgS ] i j j.kFkEHkkjS nq
a xZc[ rjca n gSA*
a
& gEehj dsl e; t ykyq nhu f[ kyt h us; gka, d foi Q y v kØe.k fd; k FkkAbl foi Q yrk dsckn f[ kyt h usdgk
FkkA
& , sls10 fdyksadkseS aeq l yeku dscky dscjkcj Hkh ughal e>rkA
& 1301 bZ -* esav ykmnhu usj.kFkEHkkS j fdysi j v kØe.k fd; kAml l e; j.kFkEHkkS j dk i gyk l kdk ( gEehj ds
usrR̀o esa
) gq v kA
& j.kFkEHkkSj dk fdyk gEehj gB dsfy, i zfl ¼ gS A
a
& ^^j.k yfM; ksaj.k uhfr l q ] j.kFky j.kFkEHkkS
a j AgB jk[ ; kSgEehj jks] dV&dV [ kka xk dksjAA**
& bl fdysesat ksxh egy] l q i kjh egy] j.kr Hka oj x.ks'k t h dk eafnj ( ' kknh dh i gyh dq edq
ei =kh ; kgaHkst h
t krh gS
A) ] i n~
a e rkykc] t kS j k&HkkS
j k egy] i hj l n~
a : nhu dh njxkgA
& v dcj dkyhu Vdl ky ; gkafLFkr gS A
a

esgjkux<+
%&
& ; g fdyk t ks/i q j esae; wj v kdf̀r esacuk gq v k gS
] bl fy, bl se; w
a j èot x<+Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k jko t ks/k us1459 bZ - esadjok; k FkkA
& bl fdysdh uha o dj.kh ekrk usj[ kh FkhA
& esgjkux<+fdysdh uha o esajkt kjke uked O;fDr dh cfy nh x; h FkhA
& ekynso dsl e; ' ksj' kkg l w j h usbl fdysi j v f/ dkj dj fy; k FkkArFkk , d efLt n dk fuekZ . k djok; k FkkA
& ekynso usfdysesayksgk i ksy dk fuekZ . k djok; k FkkA
& v t hrfl g
a useq xy [ kkyl sdh l ekfIr i j i Q rsg i ksy dk fuekZ
. k djok; kA
& ekufl a
g usfdysesai ksy dk fuekZ . k djok; kA ( bl i ksy dsnjokt sfuekt dk Bkdq j ^v ejfl a
g mnkor*
v genkckn l syk; k FkkA)
& esgjkux<+dsfdysesa^dhjrfl a g l ks<k+* dh Nrjh cuh gq ; h gS
A
a
& / Uuk& Hkha
ok dh Nrjh cuh gq ; h gS
A( ekek&^HkkUt k dh Nrjh)
a
& egkjkt k l w
j fa
l g useksrh egy dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
[82]
 &lw j fl a
g usgh , d rygVh egy ( v i uh jkuh l kS HkkX; orh dsfy, ) cuok; kA
&tS l yesj nq xZ%&
&tS l yesj dsjkt k t S l y us1155b-Z esabl fdysdk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& ^^x<+fnYyh x<+ _ v kxjksa
] v j x<+chdkusjA Hkyksfp.kk; ksaHkkfV; ka ] fl jsx<+t Sl yesj**
&tS l yesj dsfdysesa77 cq t sZcuh gq; h gSA
a
&tS l yesj dk fdyk f=kHkq t kdkj ( f=kdq
V) v kdf̀r esacuk gq v k gSA
a
& ^^nw j l sns[kusi j , slk yxrk gS aekuksajsr dsl eUnj esat gkt usv i uk ya xj Mky j[ kk gksA**
&tS l yesj dk fdyk v a xMkbZysrs' kjssdsl eku i zrhr gksrk gS A
a
&tS l yesj dsfdysdks^Lo.kZ fxjh dk fdyk* dgrsgS A bl sl ksukj dk fdyk Hkh dgrsgS
a A
a
& l R;t hr js^l ksukj fdyk* uked MkW D; w
esUVªh fi QYe cuk; h FkhA
&tS l yesj dsfdysesanksgjk i jdksVk cuk gq v k gS ] ft l sdej dksV dgk t krk gS
a A
a
&tS l yesj dk fdyk v i us<+ kbZl kdksdsfy, i zfl ¼ gS A
a
& v cq y iQt y usdgk Fkk& i RFkj dh Vka xsgh v ki dkst S l yesj dsfdysrd i gq pk l drh gS
a a
A
& ^^' kjhj fdt sdkB jk] i x dht si k"kk.kAc{rj dht sykS g dk] rc i a gq
pst S
l k.kAA**
& bl fdysesapw usdk mi ; ksx ughafd; k gS A
a
&tS l yesj dsfdysdh Nr ydMh + dh cuh gq ; h gSA
a
& ckny egy cuk gq v k gSA
a
& t okgj foykl egyA
&* 2009 bZ - esat S
l yesj fdysesa5 : - dk Mkd fVdV t kjh fd; k x; kA

chdkusj nqxZ
% ( prq "dks.k v kdf̀r )
& chdkusj dsfdysdkst w ukx<+fdyk dgk t krk gS A
a
& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k egkjkt k jk; fl a
g usdjok; k FkkA
& bl esa37 i qtZscuh gq ; h gS
A
a
&tw ukx<+dsfdysdks^t ehu dk t soj* dgrsgS A
a
&tw ukx<+esal wj t i ksy dsi k l t ; ey i Q rk dh ewfrZ
; kayxh gq; h gS
A
a
&tw ukx<+fdysesa33 djksM+nsoh & nsorkv ksadk ea fnj gSA
a
& ckny egy ] v uw i egy ( chdkusj dsjkt kv ksadk jkfryd fd; k t krk FkkA) fuekZ . k egkt k Mwxjfl a
a g usdjok; k
FkkA] gjea fnj
&tw ukx<+fdysdspkjksarji Q[ kkbZcuh gq bZgSA
a
& v kesj fdysdspkjksarji Q[ kkbZcuh gq bZgS
A
a
& v kesj o chdkusnks, slsfdysgS ] t ksft l oa
a ' k ds}kjk fufeZ
r fd, x, Fks] ges'kk ml h oa' k dsv f/ dkj esajgsA

HkVusj dk fdyk% &

& guq ekux<+ft ysesafLFkr gS A( Hkw
a i r HkkVh usbl dk fuekZ
. k ' kq
: djok; k FkkA)
& HkkVh ' kkl dksausbl dk fuekZ
. k djok; k FkkA
egew n xt uoh usbl i j v kØe.k fd; k FkkA

& rS
ew
j usHkh ; gkav kØe.k fd; k Fkk bl v kØe.k dsl e; ; gkafgUnwefgykv ksadsl kFk&l kFk eq
fLye efgykv ksa
[83]
 usHkh t kSgj fd; k FkkA
& rSewj bl sHkkjr dk l oZJS"B fdyk crkrk gS A
a
& rSewj dsv kØe.k dsl e; ; gkadk ' kkl d nw y pUn HkkVh FkkA
& gw¡ek; q
adsHkkbZdkejku us; gkav kØe.k fd; k FkkA ml l e; ; gkadk fdysnkju [ ksrfl a g dka / y FkkA
& v dcj usHkh ; gkav kØe.k fd; k FkkA dY; k.key dk HkkbZBkdq j fl a
g yM+ r k gq
v k ekjk x; kA
& jk; fl a
g dscsVsnyi rfl ag o ml dh i kp a jkfu; ksadsLekjd cusgq , gS A( nyi rfl a
a g usv i usfi rk jk; fl a
g ds
fo: ¼ Hkh fonzksg fd; k FkkA)
& euksgj dPNokgk us; gkaeuksgj i ksy dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& 1805 bZ - esachdkusj egkjkt k l w
j rfl a
g usbl i j v f/ dkj dj fy; k ml fnu ea xyokj Fkk] bl fy, HkVusj ds
fdysdk uke cnydj guq keux<+dj fn; kA
& Hkkjr esal cl sv f/ d v kØe.k >sy usokyk fdykA
& HkVusj dsfdysdks^mÙkjh l hek dk i g zjh* dgk t krk gSA
a
& cycu dsHkkbZ' ksj [ kkadh dczgS A
a

t kykSj dk fdyk
&lw d M+h unh dsfdukjsfLFkrA
&lq o.kZ
fxjh dsfdysdsuke l sfo[ ; krA
& i zfrgkj ' kkl d ukxHkV` i zFke usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& dkUgM+ nso l ksuxjk us; gkai q
ufuZ
ek.k djok; kA
& 1311 bZ - esat kykS
j dsfdysesa' kkdk gq v k FkkA
& v ykmnhu f[ kyt h us; gkav ykbZefLt n o f[ kyt h ehukj cuokbZFkhAt kykS j dk uke t ykykckn j[ k fn; k FkkA
& t ks/i qj egkjkt k ekufl a
g v i usl a
?k"kZdsfnuksaesat kykS j dsfdysesajgk FkkA( ekufl a g egy)
& t kykS j dsfdysesarksi[ kkuk efLt n cuh gq ; h gSAt ksi w
a oZesaHkkst i jekj }kjk cuk; h x; h , d l a
Ldr̀ i kB' kkyk
FkhA dkUgM+ nso dh ckoM+h] ohjensdh pkS d h] t ya / j ukFk t h dk ea fnjA
efyd ' kkg dh njxkgA

fl ok.kk dk fdyk% &

& ckM+ esj ft esaesfLFkrA
& ohj ukjk; .k i a okj usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; k FkkA
& dw eV >kM+ h dh v f/ drk dsdkj.k bl sdw eV nq xZHkh dgrsgS A
a
& fl ok.k dk fdyk jkBkS M+
ksdh ' kj.kLFkyh dgykrk gS A
a
& v ykmnhu dsv kØe.k dsl e; l kry o l kse dsusrR̀o esal kdk gq v k FkkA
& v dcj dsv kØe.k dsl e; dYyk jk; eyksr dsusrR̀o esal kdk gq v k FkkA
^^fdyka sv .k[ kyksa; w
adgs] v ko dYyk jkBkS M+A eGkjsrksesg.kksmrjs] rksgsc/ sfl j eksM+
AA**
& fl ok.kk dsfdysesaeka Msy ko rkykc cuk gq v k gSA
a

v kesj dk fdyk%
&
[84]
 & bl sdkfdyx<+Hkh dgk t krk gS A
a
& ekufl a g I usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; k FkkA
& v kesj dsfdysesal q gkx eafnj gS
A ; g jkfu; ksad gkl &i fjgkl dk LFkku FkkA
a
lq
[ k eafnj % & ,d t S l s12 dejsgS ] t ksfet kZjkt k t ; fl a
a g uscuok, FksA
& nkSy kjke dk ckx
& ekoBk t yk' k;
& f' kyk ekrk dk ea fnj
& t xr f' kjksef.k ea
fnj
& v kfEcds'oj ea fnj
& ckjgnjh egy
& nhoku & , & v ke
& nhoku , [ kkl
& dslj D; kjh cxhpk

t ; x<+dk fdyk% &

& i gysbl LFkku dksphYg dk Vksy k dgrsgS A
a
& ekufl a
g i zFke usbl d fuekZ . k dk; Z' kq
: djok; k FkkA
& fet kZjkt k t ; fl a
g usbl dk fuekZ .k i wj k djok; k o bl dk uke t ; x<+j[ kkA
& l okbZt ; fl a
g usbl esat ; ck.k rksi j[ kok; hA
& t ; x<+dk fdyk v i usi kuh dsfo' kky Vka d ksadsfy, i zfl ¼ gS
A
a
& bl esav kesj dsdNokgksa' kkl dka sdk ' kL=kkxkj o [ kt kuk FkkA
& bfUnjk xka/ h us; gka1975&76 esa; gka[ kq nkbZdjok; hA
& bl fdysesal q ja
xscuh gq ; h gS
A
a bl dkj.k bl fdysdksjgL; e; nq xZHkh dgrsgS A
a
& bl st ; i q
j dk l a d Vekspd fdyk dgrsgS A
a
& fot ; x<+h% & jkt uS
frd t sy ] l okbZt ; fl ag usv i usNksVsHkkbZ( phekt h) fot ; fl a
g dks; gkafxjÝrkj
djdsj[ kk Fkk] bl dkj.k bl dk uke fot ; x<+ h i M+x; kA

ukgjx<+dk fdyk% &

& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k l okbZt ; fl a
g usdjok; k FkkA
& t xrfl ag f}rh; dh i zfedk jl di w j dks; ghafxjÝrkj djdsj[ kk x; k FkkA
& l okbZek/ ksfl a
g f}rh; usv i uh 9 i kl h @i kl okuksadsfy, 9 , d t S l segy cuok, A
& bl st ; i qj dk i gjsnkj fdyk dgrsgS A
a
& i kzjEHk esabl dk uke l qn' kZ
ux<+Fkk] ckn esaukgjfl a
g HkkS
fe; kt h dsuke i j bl dk uke ukgjx<+ i M+
x; kA

ckyk fdyk% &

& v yoj ft ysesafLFkr gS A
a
& fudqEHk pkS
gkuksausbl dk fuekZ. k djok; k FkkA
& dksfdy nso dscS VSv y/ q
j k; usbl dk i q ufuZ
ek.k djok; k FkkA
& gl u [ kkaesokrh usbl dh ejEer djok; hA

[85]
 & bl esa% & fudq
EHk egy] t y egy
& t gk¡xhj bl fdysesaBgjrk FkkA bl fy, bl sl yhe egy Hkh dgrsgS
A
a
& dj.kh ekrk dk ea fnj cuk gq
v k gS
A
a ( c[ rkojfl a
g)

rkjkx<+( v t esj) %&

& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k pkSgku ' kkl d v t ; jkt usdjok; kA mM+
uk jkt dqekj i F̀ohjkt usv i uh i Ruh rkjk
dsuke i j bl dk uke rkjkx<+j[ k fn; kA
& i F̀ohjkt pkS gku dk Lekjd cuk gq v k gS
Ai F̀ohjkt pkS
a gku ds?kksM+
sukV~
; jEHkk dk Lekjd cuk gq v k gS
A
a
& ehjku l kgc dh njxkg cuh gq ; h gS
A
a
& ; g fdyk ejkBksadsv f/ kdj esaHkh jgk FkkA
& bl o fdysesaukuk l kgc dk >kyjk cuk gq v k gS
A
a
& ejkBkasl s; g fdyk v xzsa t ksausNhu fy; kA
& fofy; e cS fVd usbl s^v kjksX; l nu* esacny fn; kA
a
& nkjk f' kdksa
g us; gka' kj.k yh FkhA
& : Bh mek nsusHkh v i uk dq N l e; ; gkafcrk; k FkkA
& fgt Msdh et kj cuh gq ; h gSA
& bl sjkt LFkku dk ft czkYVj dgrsgS A
a
& x<+chByh fdyk Hkh dgrsgS A
a

v dcj dk fdyk% &

& 1570 bZ - esa[ okt k eq bunhu dsi fzr l Eeku i zd V djusdsfy, v dcj usbl fdysdk fuek.Zk djok; kA
& gYnh?kkVh ; q ¼ l si gys; gkai j ; ¼ q dh v afre ; kst uk cuk; h x; h FkhA
& t kgaxhj esokM+v fhk; ku dsnkS j ku rhu l ky ; gkaBgjk FkkA
& 10 t uojh 1616 dks^VkW el jks* t gka
xhj l sfeyrk gS A
a
& bl egy dksv dcj dk nkS y r[ kkuk Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& v xzst ka
susbl s' kL=kkxkj esacny fn; k Fkk] bl fy, bl seS xt hu dk fdyk Hkh dgrsgS
A
a
& bl esajkt i w
r kuk E; w
ft ; e cuk gq v k gS
A
a

pq
: dk fdyk % &
& bl fdysesachdkusj dsjkt k l w j rfl a
g us; gkav kØe.k fd; k] ml l e; pq : dk Bkdq j L; kst hfl a
g
( f' ko t h fl ag) FkkA
& bl v kØe.k dsl e; fdysesal hl k l ekIr gksusi j pka nh dsxksy snkxsx; sFks( chdkusj dk l suki fr&
v ejpUn l q j k.kk)
& ^^chdksi Q hdksi M+x; ks] c.k xksjk gexhjApka nh xksGk pkfy; k] v k pq
: jh rkl hj**

Hkjri q
j dk fdyk ( yksgkx<+ )
& 1733 bZ - esal wj t ey usbl fdysdk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& Hkjri q
j dsjkt k t okgjfl ag usbl fdysesafnYyh v kØe.k l syw V dj yk, gq ; sv "V / krqdsnjokt s
yxok, ArFkk bl t hr dh Lef̀r esat okgj cq t Zcuok; hA
& egkjkt k j.kt hrfl ag ust l oa
r jko gksYdj dksbl fdysesa' kj.k nh FkhA
& v usd i z;kl ksadsckot wn v xsza
t bl fdysdkst hr ughal dsa] bl h dkj.k Hkjri qj dsfdysdksyksgkx<+
dgk t krk gS A
a
[86]
 & j.kt hrfl ag usbl t hr dh Lef̀r esa^i Q rg cq tZ
* dk fuekZ. k djok; kA
& pkYl ZesVdkW i Qusv a xszt ksadh bl foi Q yrk i j dgk FkkA
& ^^v xzsa
t h dh i zfr"Bk Hkjri qj dsnq HkkZ
X; i w
. kZ?ksjsesancdj jg xbZ A** bl h fdysdsckjsaesadgk t krk gS
A
a
& ^^v kB fi Q ja
xh ukSxkS j k] yM+ st kV dk nksNksjkAA**
& fd' kksjh egy] nknh ekadk egy] ot hj dh dksBh] xa xk eafnj] y{e.k ea fnjA

c; kuk dk fdyk% & bl fdysdk fuekZ . k fot ; i ky usdjok; k FkkA

& bl sckn' kkg dk fdyk] ck.kkl qj fdyk] fot ; ea fnj x<+] dsuke l st kuk t krk gSA
a
& [ kkuok ds; q¼ dsckn ckcj bl fdysesav k; k FkkA
& bl esa
%& yksnh ehukj] v dcj dh Nrjh] t gka xhjh njokt k] l knq
Yyk l jk; ] nkmn [ kkadh ehukjA
& c; kuk esal eq
nzxq
Ir esafot ; LrEHk dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& jkuh fp=kys[kk ( l eq
nzxq
Ir dsl ker dh i Ruh) usÅ"kk ea fnj dk fuekZ. k djok; kA
& l eqUnzxq
Ir dsl keUr fo".kqo/ Z
u usHkheykV Å"kkykV dk fuekZ . k djok; k FkkA

rkjkx<+( cw¡nh) %&

& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k gkM+k ' kkl d cjfl a
g usdjok; k FkkA
& nwj l sns[kusi j ; g rkjsdsl eku fn[ kk; h nsrk gS A
a
& bl esa%&l q [ k egy ] N=k egy] jkuh t h dh ckoM+ h] 84 [ kEHkksadh Nrjh] i Q y l kxj rkykcA
w
& l jwl kxj rkykc& cw nh] chdkusj
a
& cw n
ah dk rkjkx<+fdyk v i usfHkfÙk fp=kksadsfy, i zfl ¼ gS A
a
& : M; kMZfdi fya x% & bl sns[kdj yxrk gS afd bl dksHkwr ksa}kjk fuekZ
. k djok; k x; k gS
A
a
&tE sl VkWM% & cw nh dsegyksadksjkt LFkku dk l oZ
a J s"B egy crkrk gS A
a
& xeZxq t u%
a & rksi j[ kh gq
; h gS A
a

eka
Myx<+ %&
& orZ eku HkhyokM+k ft ysaesafLFkr gS
A
a
& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k pkna
uk @pku.kk xqtZ
j usekf.M; k Hkhy dh Lef̀r esadjok; k FkkA
& ekMa y x<+esat xUukFk dNokgk dh 32 [ kEHkksadh Nrjh cuh gq ; h gS
A
a
& jk.kk l ka
xk dh Nrjh Hkh ; ghafLFkr gSA
a
& ekufl ag gYnh?kkVh ; q¼ l si gysekaMyx<+esa: drk gS A
a
& bl esamMs'oj egknso dk ea fnj cuk gq
v k gS
A
a
& ' khryk ekrk dk ea fnj Hkh gSA
a
& eka Myx<+esae.My v kdf̀r esacuk gq v k gS
] bl fy, Hkh bl seka
a Myx<+dgrsgS A
a

v pyx<+ %&
& bl fdysdk fuekZ . k i jekj ' kkl dksausdjok; k FkkA
& egkjk.kk dq EHkk usbl dk i q ufuZekZ. k djok; k o dqEHkk Lokeh dk eafnj cuok; kA
& l kou Hkknksadh ew frZ; ka( dqEHkk & Ånk) yxh gq ; h gS
A
a
& v pys'oj Lokeh dk ea fnj gS] bl esaf' ko t h dsv a
a xw
Bsdh i wt k dh t krh gS
A bl ea
a fnj dsBhd l keus
nw
j l k v k<+
k dh ewfrZyxh gq ; h gS A
a
& v pyx<+dks^Hk¡ojkFky* dgrsgS ] D; ksa
a fd egew
n csxBk dsv kØe.k dsl e; ; gkai j e/ qefD[ k; ksaus
ml dh l suk i j v kØe.k dj fn; k FkkA
[87]
 ' ksjx<+
%
&
& ; g fdyk ckjkaft ysesai jou unh dsfdukjsfLFkr gS
A
a
& bl sdks"ko/ Z
ux<+Hkh dgrsgSA ( t y nq
a xZ
)

' ksjx<+
% & ( / kSyi qj) % &
& bl dk fuekZ . k dq
"kk.k dky esagq v k FkkA
& ' ksj' kkg l wj h usbl dk uke ' ksjx<+j[ k fn; k FkkA
& bl fdysesal S Õ
; n gqlSu dh njxkg gS A
a
& gq uq
gq¡d kj rksi Hkh bl h fdysesafLFkr gS A
a
& / kS y i jq dsfl Ddksadksrepka ' kkgh dgrsagS A
a
& bl fdysesaHkkjr dk l cl scM+ k ?ka
Vk?kj gSA
a
& / kS y i jq esadeyckx gS ] ft l dk ckcj dh v kRedFkk ckcjukek esaft Ø gS
a A
a
& jkt LFkku] eè; i zns'k o mÙkji zns'k dh l hekv ksai j fLFkrA

dksVk dk fdyk% & ( ek/ ksfl a

g] i jdksVk)
&tS =kfl g
a ( cw
nh dk jkt k us; gka, d xq
a y kc egy dk fuekZ
. k djok; kA)
& dkykUrj esaek/ ksfl a
g usbl sdksVk dsfdysds: i esafodfl r fd; kA
& t sEl VkWM dsv uq l okj bl fdysdk i jdksVk v kxjk dsfdy sckn l cl scM+
k gS
A
a
& >kyk gosy h& fHkfÙk fp=kksdsfy, i zfl ¼ gS A
a

dka
d .kckM+h dk fdyk% & ( v yoj] fet kZjkt k t ; fl a
g)
& v yoj ft ysesafLFkr fet kZjkt k t ; ffl ag usbl dk fuekZ. k djok; kA
& v kja
xt sc usnkjk f' kdksg ( cM+
sHkkb)Z dks; gkaca / d cuk dj j[ kk FkkA

' kkgckn dk fdyk% &

& ckjkaft ysesafLFkrA
& eq dq Vef.k nso pkS gku usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; FkkA
& ' ksj' kkg l w
j h v i usdkfyt a
j v fHk; ku dsnkS j ku bl i j v f/ dkj dj ysrk gS
] o bl dk uke l yhekckn
a
dj nsrk gS A
a
& bl esa, d ckny egy cuk gq v k gSA
a
& bl esauoyoku rksi j[ kh gq ; h gS
A
a

pkS
ea
wdk fdyk% &
&t ;iq j ft ysesafLFkrA
& bl s/ kj/ kjkx<+j?kqukFkx<+] pkSeq
gkx<+Hkh dgrsgS
a A
a
& bl dk fuekZ . k dj.kfl a
g usdjok; FkkA
& bl esa, d gok ea fnj ( v kfrF; Lokxr) cuk gqv k gS
A
a

[88]
 nkS
l k dk fdyk% &
& nsofxjh i gkM+
h i j cuk gq
v k gSA
a
& Nkt ysdh v kdf̀r dk cuk gq v k gSA
a
& nkSl k dNokv ksadh i gyh jkt / kuh FkhA

ek/ kjskt i q
j k dkfdyk% &
&t ;iq j ft ysesafLFkrA ( i Q
kxh rgl hy dsi kl )
&t ;iq j egkjkt k l okbZek/ ksfl a
g usejkBksai j t hr dsmi y{; esacuok; k FkkA
& ; g fdyk fdNokgksadh u: dk ' kk[ kk dsv / hu jgk FkkA; gkadk Hkkjrl fa g u: dk] v ehj [ kkafi .Mkjh
dh csxeksadksca / d cuk dj ykrk gS A
a

iQ
rsgi q
j dk fdyk% &
& l hdj ft ysesfLFkrA
& 1453 esai Q rsgi q
j dsuokc i Q rsa
g [ kkadk; e[ kkuh usfuekZ
. k djok; k FkkA
& i hj fut keq
nhu dh njxkg cuh gq ; h gSA
a
& l jLorh i qLrdky; & i q
Qrsgi q
j

uhejk.kk dk fdyk%&
& v yoj ft ysaesafLFkrA
& bl si a
pegy Hkh dgrsgS a

dq
pkeu dk fdyk% & ( fuekZ
. k& esM+
fr; k ' kkl d t kfyefl a
g)
& ukxkS
j ft ysesafLFkrA
& bl st kxhjksafdyksadk fl jekS
j dgrsgS A
a

ukxkS
j dk fdyk% &
& bl dk fuekZ
. k pkS
gku ' kkl d l ke
ss'oj dsl keUr dS
ekl usdjok; k FkkA
& bl s^v fgPN=kx<+* nq
xZHkh dgrsgS A
a
& v ejfl a
g jkBkS
M+dh ohjrk dsfy, i zfl ¼ gS A
a
& bl s2013 dk v kxk [ kkav okMZfn; k x; k gS A
a

& HklS
ajksM+
x<+dk fdyk% & ( , d O;ki kjh }kjk fufeZ
r)
& pEcy o ckeuh ufn; ksadsl a xe i j fpÙkkSM+x< ft ysesafLFkr gS
A
a
& bl sjkt LFkku dk osYyksj dgrsgSA( t y nq
a xZ
)

ekydksV dk fdyk% &

& esM+r k ( ukxkS
j ) dsfdysdksekydksV dk fdyk dgrsgS
A
a
& fuekZ
. k& ekynso usA

[89]
 eksgux<+dk fdyk% &
&tS l yesj ft ysesfLFkrA
& fuekZ. k& t S
l yesj egkjkt k t okgjfl a
g dsl e; A
& Hkkjr dk v a fre fdyk gS A
a

freux<+dk fdyk% &

& f=kHkq
oux<+Hkh dgrsgS A
a
& uun& HkkSt kZdk dq
v ka

jkt LFkku dh i zeq

[ k Nrfj; k¡
xS
Vksj dh Nrfj; k¡%&
& ; gkai j t ; i q
j ds' kkl dksadh Nrfj; k¡ gSA
a
& l okbZt ; fl ag l sysd j ek/ ksfl a
g f}rh; rdA
& bZ ' ojhfl a
g dh Nrjh ; gkafLFkr ughagS ] bZ
a ' ojhfl a
g dh Nrjh bZ
l jykV dsi kl gh gS
A
a

v kgM+
%&
& ; gkai j esokM+ds' kkl dksadh Nrfj; k¡ gS
A
a
& l cl si gys; gkav ejfl ag i zFke dh Nrjh cuk; h x; h FkhA
& bl LFkku dksegkl fr; k¡ dgrsgS A
a

iapdq. M ( eaMkSj) %
&
& ; gkat ks/i q
j dsjkt kv ksadh Nrfj; k¡ gS A
a
& t l oUr FkM+ k%& t ks/i q
j dsegkjkt k t l oUrfl a g f}rh; dk Lekjd] bl dk fuekZ . k mudscsVsl jnkjfl a
g us
djok; k Fkk bl sjkt LFkku dk rkt egy dgr gS A
a
& dkxk dh Nrfj; k¡ ; gkat ks/i q j dsl keUrksadh Nrfj; kacuk; h t krh gS A
a
& t ks/i q
j egkjkt k t l oa r fl a
g i zFke dsi z/kuea=kh jkt fl a
g dq
Ei kor dh 18 [ kEHkksadh Nrjh cuh gS A
a
nsohdqM l kxj ( chdkusj) %
a &
& ; gkachdkusj dsjkt kv ksadh Nrfj; kacuh gq ; h gSA
a
& buesajko dY; k.k ey dh Nrjh v f/ d i zfl ¼ gS A
a
& cM+ k ckx ( t Sl yesj) ( egkjkoy t rSfl a g dh Nrjh)
& ; g¡k t S
l yesj dsjkt kv ksadh Nrfj; kagq ; h gSA
a

{kkj ckx%
&
& dksVk dsjkt kv ksadh Nrfj; kacuh gq
; h gS
A
a
& {kkj ckx dh Nrjh; ksadksN=kfoykl ckx dh Nrfj; kaHkh dgrsgS
a

i kyhoky% &
& cUt kjksadh Nrjh& ykyl ksV ( nkS
l k)
& ukFkksadh Nrjh& t kykS
j ( Nrjh i j rksrk cuk gqv k gS
A)
a
& feJt h dh Nrjh& v yoj ft ysdsusgM+ k xka
o esafLFkrA
& fHkfÙk fp=kksadsfy, i zfl ¼A
[90]
 & n' kkorjksadsfp=k cusgq ; sgSA
a
& dq Ùksdh Nrjh& t ks/i q
j
& xksikyfl a
g t h dh Nrjh & djkS yh
& xa
xkckbZdh Nrjh% & xa xki q
j fl Vh ( HkhyokM+
k)
& jS
nkl t h] dYyk t h dh Nrjh& fpÙkkS M+
<+esa
A

jkt LFkku dh i zeq

[ k gosy h; k¡ o egy% &
tSl yesj% & 1- i Voksadh gosy h& ft l dk fuekZ . k xq
ekupUn cki Q
uk usdjok; kA
2- l kfyefl ag dh gosy h & 9 ea ft yk gosy h] ft l dh Åi j dh nksea
ft ysaydM+
h dh cuh gq
; h gS
A
a
3- uFkey dh gosy h& okLrq d kj%gkFkh o ykyw
4- l oksZ
Ùke foykl i S y sl

' ks[kkokVh% &

1- l ksus&pka nh dh gosy h& egul j ( >q U>q
ua
)
w
2- Hkxrksadh gosy h & uoyx<+( >q U>quw
)
a
3- jkeukFk xks;udk dh gosy h & ea Mkok ( >qU>q
ua)
w
4- i l ka j h dh gosy h & Jhek/ ksiq j ( l hdj)
5- eky t h dk dejk & pq :
6- ea fU=k; ksadh gosy h & pq :
7- l q j k.kksadh gosy h & pq :
8- [ ksrM+ h egy & >q U>quw
a( jkt LFkku dk nw l jk gok egy)

dksVk%
& xq
y kc egy] v cyh eh.kh dk egy] v esM+ k egy] gok egy% & jkefl a
g f}rh; ] t xea
fnj%
&
nq
tZul ky usv i uh jkuh czt da oj dsfy, cuk; kA
uoyx<+ %
& l okZf/ d gosfy; k¡] gosfy; k d uxj] ' ks[kkokVh dh Lo.kZuxjhA

t ks/i q
j% &
1- cM+ sfe; kadh gosy h
2- jk[ kh gosy h 3- i ksd j.k gosy h 4- , d [ kEHkk egy% & egkjkt k v t hrfl a
g uscuok; k FkkA
5- jkbZdk ckx i S y sl%& t l oar ns( t l oa
r fl a
g i zFke dh jkuh)
6- mEesn i S y sl%
& Nhrj i Sy sl Hkh dgrsgS A bl dk fuekZ
a . k v dky jkgr dk; ksZdsnkSj ku djk; k x; k Fkk ; g
, f' k; k dk l cl scM+k v kokl h; egy gS A
a
7- v t hr Hkou i S y sl%& jkt LFkku dk i gyk gsfjVst gksVy
8- i "q; gosy h% & fo' o dh , dek=k gosy h t ks, d gh u{k=k i q "; u{k; esacuhA

Mw
a
xji q
j%&
1- , d FkfEc; k egy%
2- t w
uk egy

[91] v yoj%
& 1- gok ca
xyk] frt kjk 2- fou; foykl i S
y sl] fl Vh i S
y sl ( v yoj)

Vksa
d%& 1- l q
ugjh dksBh ( bLykfed ' kS
y h esafufeZ
r)
 fl D[ kksadsR;kS
gkj
a
1- xq
: ukud t ; Urh & dkfrZ d iw f.kZek ( ' kq
Dy) bl fnu ( pq : ) esafl D[ kksadk cM+k esy k Hkjrk gS
A
a
dksy k; r esaHkh fl D[ kksadk esy k Hkjrk gS A
a
2- xq
: xkfoUnfl a g t ; Urh & i kS "k ' kq
Dy l Ireh
3- yksgM+ h& 13 t uojh
4- oS
' kk[ kh& 18 v i zS
y
- 13 v i zSy 1699 dksv kua ni q
j l kfgc esaxq : xksfoUn l kfgc us[ kkyl k i a
Fk dh LFkki uk dh FkhA
- 13 v i zSy 1919 dkst fy; ka okyk ckx gR;kdka MA

bZ
l kbZl ekt dsR;kS
gkj
a
1- 1 t uojh & bZ l kbZ
; ksadk uoo"kZ
2- 25 fnl Ecj & bZ l k el hg dk t Uefnu
3- bZLVj& 2 ekpZl s22 v i zS y dschp t ksi w f.kZ
ek v krh gS] ml dsBhd ckn okysjfookj dksbL
a ZVj cuk; k
t krk gSA
a
- bl fnu bZ l k el hg i q uZ
t hfor gksd j ykS
V v k, FksA
4- xq M+i zQ
kbM+
s& bZ LVj l sBhd i gysokyk ' kq ØokjA
- bl fnu bZ l k el hg dksl w y h i j yVdk; k x; kA
5- v l sU'ku M+s& bZ
LVj l sBhd 40 pkyhl fnu ckn] bZ l k el hg oki l LoxZpysx; sFksA

[92]
 jkt LFkku Hkk"kkdheÙoi w
. kZdf̀Ùk; k¡
v k; ZHkk"kk

oS
fnd l a
Ldr̀

i kyh la
Ldr̀
`
' kkS
j l suh ekx/ h egkjk"Vªh
i zkdR̀k i zkdr̀ i zkdr̀

xq
tZ
j h v i Hkza
'k ' kkS
j l suh v i Hkza
'k

jkt LFkkuh fgUnh

fMa
xy fi a
xy
ia
- jkt LFkkuh iwohZjkt LFkkuh
dk l kfgfR;d : i dk l kfgfR;d : i bl esaczt Hkk"kk dk
feJ.k i k; k t krk gS A
a
jkt LFkkuh Hkk"kk dk fodkl % &
& xq tZj h v i Hkza
' k& 11ohal s13oha' krkCnh
- i kzphu jkt LFkkuh & 13ohal s16oha' krkCnh ( t S u l kfgR;)
- eè; dkyhu jkt LFkkuh& 16ohal s18oha' krkCnh ( pkj.k l kfgR;)
- v k/ qfud jkt LFkkuh& 18oha&&&&&&&&&&&
- jkt LFkkuh l kfgR; dk i zkphure xa zFk& Hkjrs'oj ckgq
cyh ?kksj] ( ot zlsu l w
j h) t S
u xzUFk
- m| ksru l w fj usv i uh i q
Lrd dq oy; ekyk esae: Hkk"kk dk mYys[k fd; k gS A ( 18 nslh Hkk"kkv ksadk
a
mYys[k)
- v cq y iQ t y Hkh ekjokM+ h Hkk"kk dk mYys[k djrk gS A
a
- t kWt Zv czkge fxz;l Z u 1912 esafy[ kh v i uh i q Lrd LINGVISTIC SURVEY OF INDIA esajkt LFkkuh
Hkk"kk dk mYys[k fd; k gS A
a
1- l kja x/ j & gEehj jkl kS
2- t ks/jkt & gEehj jkl kS

3- Jh/ j & j.key NUn] bl esabZ

Mj dsjkt k j.key o i kVu dsl w
csnkj t i Q
j [ kkadschp
;q
¼ dsk o.kZ
u gS A
4- pUncjnkbZ
( okLrfod uke i F̀ohjkt HkV`) & i F̀ohjkt jkl kS( fi a
xy Hkk"kk ' kS
y h esajfpr xzUFk)
bl dk i gyk i zkekf.kd mYys[k jkt i z'kfLr egkdkO; esafeyrk gS A
a
5- nyi r fot ; & [ kq
ek.k jkl kS] bl esacki k jkoy l segkjk.kk jkt fl ag rd dk o.kZ
u gS
A
a
6- fxj/ j v kfl ; k & l xrfl a ?k jkl kS
] bl ea
segkjk.kk i zrki dsHkkbZ' kfDrfl a
g dk o.kZ
u gS
A
a
[93]
 7- Mwxjfl a
a g & ' k=kq l ky jkl kS( ca nh)
w
8- v k' kkuUn ( Hkknjsl) & xkxskt h jh i sM+ h] ck?kk jk nw gk] meknsHkfV; k.kh jk dforA
9- bZ
l jnkl ( v k' kkuUn t h dsHkrht s) & gkyk >kyk jh dq . Mfya; k] l w
j
10- ds'knkl xkM.k & 1- xq . k: i d 2- v ejfl a g t h jk nw gk 3-foosd okrkZ( mi fu"knksai j
fyf[ kr df̀r )
11- f' knkl xkM.k & ^v pynkl f[ ka ph jh opfudk* ( xkxjksu dk o.kZ u)
12- mejnku & 1- v ey jk v kS x.k 2- nk: jk nkS l 3- Hkt u jh efgek
13- i F̀ohjkt jkBkS M+ & csfy fØl .k : Def.k jh 2- xa xk ygjh 3- n' ke Hkkxor jk nw gk]
Bkdq j t h jk nw gk 4- n' kjFk ojkmr
14- dj.khnku & l jw t i zd k' k& t ks/i q j egkjkt k v Hk; fl a g oxq t jkr dsl w csnkj l j cq y Un
[ kkadschp ; q ¼ dk o.kZ u gS A
a
&lw j t i zd k' k dk l a f{kIr : i & fcM+ n fl .kxkj] bl i q Lrd dsfy,
dj.khnku t h dks1 yk[ k : i ; sfn, x, A
15- ohjHkk.k & jkt : i d
16- dì kjke f[ kfM+ ;k & jkft ; k jk nw gk ^^i kVk i hM+mi ko] ru ykxk ryokfj; kAogSt hHk jko
?kko] jrh v kS "k/ u jkft ; kAA**
17- t Xxk f[ kfM+ ;k & opfudk jkBkS M+jrufl a g egsl nkl ksr jh ( / jer ds; q ¼ esajryke
jus'k jrufl a g jkBkS M+}kjk fn[ kk; h x; h v n~ Hkq
r ohjrk dk o.ku Z gS )
a
18- dfo dYyksy & <+ kys k ek: jk nw gk ^^v dFk dgkuh i zse dh] eq [ kl q adgh u t k; Axq xk
a
jk l q i uk Hk; ksa
] lq ej&l q ej i Nrk; ksAA**
19- dq ' ky ykHk & <+ kys k&ek: jh pkS i kbZ
20- cq ¼fl a g & usgra jx
21- l ;wZ eYy feJ.k & oa ' k HkkLdj] ohj l rl bZ ] cyoUr foykl ] l rh jkl kS ] NUn e; w [ k]
/ krq: i koyh] jke ja t kV
^^l qr / kjk jt &jt fFkFkksa ] cgwcysok t k; Ayf[ k; k Mw ¡xj ykt jk] l kl w
mj u l ek; AA**
22- chBwl w tk & jko t S r l h jksNUn ( bl esachdkusj dsjkt k t S r fl a
g o dkejku ds
chp gq ; s^jkrh?kkVh ds; q ¼* dk o.kZ u)
23- cka d hnk l & 1- cka d hnkl jh [ ; kr] dq d fo crhl h] nkÙkkj ckouh] eku t l ksea Mu
24- eq j kfjnkl & t l oUr t l ksHkw "k.k
25- eq g.kkSr uS. kl h & uS . kl h jh [ ; kr] ekjokM+jk i jxuk jh foxr ( t ux.kuk dk mYys[k
feyrk gS A)
a
& eq' kh nsoh i zlkn usbUgsa^jkt i w
a r kusdk v cq y &i Q t y* dgk gS A
a

26- u i fr ukYgk & chl ynso jkl kS( foxzgjkt prq FkZ
)
27- uYyfl a g & fot ; i ky jkl kS( djkSy h)
28- gEehj ( j.kFkEHkkSj dk jkt k) & Ja xkj gkj
29- n; kynkl & chdkusj jk jkBkS M+
k jh [ ; krA( jko chdk l sl jnkjfl a
g rd dk o.kZ
u)
30- c[ rkoj t h & dsgj i zd k' k
31- l okbZi zrki fl a
g & dsgj xzUFkkoyh
32- nqj l k v k<+
k & fo: ¼ Nrgjh] fdjrkj ckouh] jko l q j rk.k jk dfor
[94]
 33- cknj <+
k<+
h & ohjHkk.k ( ekjokM+dsjkt k ohjenso dh ohjrk dk o.kZ u gS A)
a
34- oÙn & l R; Lo: i ( v kS ja
xt sc dsi q=kksadschp gq ; smrjkf/ dkj l a
?k"kZdk o.kZ
u gS
A)
a
& Jaxkj f' kek
35- n; ky & jk.kk jkl kS( cki k jkoy l sysd j t ; fl ag rd dk o.kZ u gSA)
a
36- [ ksrl h LkkMw
¡ & Hkk"kk HkkjFk ( egkHkkjr dk fMxa y esav uq
okn)
37- t xt hou HkV` & v ft rkn s;
38- t ksxhnkl & gfjfi xay i zcU/ ( i zrki x<+dsjkt k gfjfl ag dsckjsaesaof.kZ r)
39- fd' kksnkl & jkt i zd k' k
40- l k¡; k t h >w
yk & ukxne.k
41- dY; k.knkl & xq. k xksfoUn
42- ujgfjnkl & v orkj pfj=k
43- dfot ku & dkFkejkl kS ] cq
f/ l kxj] ySy k&et uw¡

v k/ q
fud jkt LFkkuh l kfgR;
1- Jhyky uFkey t ks'kh & 1- , d chu.kh nkscha n] i j.; ksM+
h dqokjh]
a
l cM+
d k] v kHkSi Vdh] ?kksjkajks?kksjh
2- fot ; nku nsFkk & ckrkajh i Qy okjh] rhMksjko] ekajkscnyks] fgVyj] v ys[kw
q ¡ nw
fo/ k
3- y{eh dq ekjh dqMa
kor & ek¡>y jko] v eksy d cka r k] dSjspdok ckr] fxj Åa pk Åapk x<+ k]
jkt LFkku dh i zse dgkfu; ka] gq
d kjksnksl k] ck?kk&Hkkjeyh] cxM+
a kor]
ewey] Vkcjkajh ckr] Mw
w xjt h t okgjt h jh ckr
a
[95]
 4- dUgS; k yky l sfB; k & / jrh / ksjkajh] yhyVkl ] i kFky v kS j i hFky] dq dw afet aj ] fuxzUZFk
5- ; knosUnz' kekZpUnz & gw axksjh fdx i ho jh] [ kEHkk v Uunkrk] gt kj ?kksM+ ksdk l okj] rkl jks
?kj] t ekjks] esga nh dsi Q y ] t ksx&l a
w t ksx] , d v kS j eq[ ; ea=kh
6- es?kjkt eq dqy & mea x] l S uk.kh] pa ojh
7- jka
xs; jk?ko & ?kjkS ns] eq nksZdk Vhyk] dc rd i q d k: ¡] v kt dh v kokt
8- xkSj h' ka
d j fgjkpUn v ks>k & i zkphu fyfi ekyk] duZ y t sEl VkW M dk t hou pfj=k] jkt i w r kusdk
bfrgkl
9- t gw j [ kkaesgj & jkt LFkkuh l a Ldf̀r jk fprjke] v t w u v kdh v ka
Z [ k] ?kj at yk ?kj dkslka
10- pUnzfl a g fcjdkyh & cknyh ( dkfynkl dses?knw r dk jkt LFkku v uq okn) ] yw ] l ka
> ckykl kn]
dg& eq d juhA
11- ukjk; .kfl a g HkkVh & ehjk] i jeohj] nq xkZ
nkl ] cjl k jk fMxksM+ k M¡w
xj yk¡f/ ; k
12- l hrkjke ykyl & jkt LFkkuh ' kCndks"k
13- gfjjke eh.kk & gkapk¡n esjk gS A
a
14- ef.ke?kq dj & i xi Q sjksl qf/ l i uksadsrhj] jl xU/oZ
15- pUnz/j ' kekZxq r sjh & ml usdgk FkkA
16 ' ; keynkl & ohj fouksn( ' kEHkw fl a
g dsl e; fy[ kuk ' kq : fd; k Fkk rFkk i Q rsg fl a
g ds
l e; i w j h dh x; hA)
( ohj fouksn esokM+dk bfrgkl gS A i jUrqbl esav U; bfrgkl dh Hkh
a
l edkyhu t kudkfj; k¡ feyrh gS A)
a
1- jsornku pkj.k & cj[ kk chu.kh] usg: usv ksy eks
2- fopUnzHkjfr; k & dud l q Unjh ( mi u; kl ) dslj foykl ( ukVd)
3- gehnq Yyk & Hkkjeyh] nfjUns] [ ; ky
4- dq Unu ekyh & l kxj i ka
[ kh
5- ghjkyky ' kkL=kh & i zR;{k t hou ' kke
6- l kfo=kh i jekj & t eh gq ; h >hy ( ehjk i q j Ldkj)
& jkt LFkkuh Hkk"kk , oal kfgR; v dkneh & chdkusj
& jkt LFkku l kfgR; v dkneh & mn; i q j

[96]
 jkt LFkku dsyksd ukV~
;
[ ; ky %
& i kS
j kf.kd , ao , sfrgkfl d dFkkv ksadksi | c¼ djdsukVd ds: i esaea
pu fd; k t krk gS
A
a
-lw =k/ kj%
& gydkjk

1- dq pkeuh [ ; ky%&
& i zorZd & yPNh jke
& bl esaefgyk i k=kksadh Hkwfedk i q: "kksa}kjk Mh fuHkk; h t krh gS
A
a
& bl dk Lo: i ^v ksisjk* t Sl k gksrk gS
A
a
& eq [ ; dFkk, a& pka n uhyfxfj] jko fjM+ ey] ehjk ea xyA
& mxejkt % & dq pkeuh [ ; ky dsi zeq [ k dykdkj gS A
a

2- t ; i w
j h [ ; ky%
&
& bl esaefgyk i k=kksadh Hkw
fedk efgyk gh fuHkkrh gS
A
a

3- gsy k [ ; ky%
&
& nkSl k] ykyl ksV , oal okbZek/ kisq
j {ks=k esai zfl ¼A
& ok| ; a =k%ukS
cr

4- rqj kZ
& dya xh%&
& rqd uxhj o ' kkg v yh usbl syksd fi z; fd; k FkkApUnsjh dsjkt k usbUgsarqj kZo dya
xh fn; k FkkA
& rqj kZi {k & f' ko
& dya xh i {k & i koZrh
& l gsMw fa
l g o gehn csx usbl sesokM+esayksd fi z; fd; k FkkA
& bl ea snksi {k v keus& l keuscSBdj i zfrLi / kZew
yd l aokn djrsgS ] ft l sxEer dgrsgS
a a
A
& rqj kZ& dya xh [ ; ky esaea
p dh l t koV dh t krh gSA
a
& n' kZd ksadsHkh Hkkx & ysusdh l EHkkouk jgrh gS A
a
& v U; dykdkj & psrjke] rkjkpUn] t ; n; ky l ksuh] v ksad kjfl a
g

5- ' sk[ kkokVh [ ; ky@

fpM+ koh [ ; ky%
&
& ukuw j ke o nw fy; k jk.kk usbl syksd fi z; fd; kA

6- v yh c[ ' kh [ ; ky% & v yoj ft ysdseq . Mkoj fBdk.ksdsuokc v yh c[ ' k dsl e; ; g [ ; ky ' kq
:
gq; hAv yh c[ ' k dksv yoj dk jl [ kku dgk t krk gS A
a
7- dUgS ; k [ ; ky% &
& Hkjri qj ] / kS
yi q
j ] djkS
y h {ks=k esayksd fi z;A
& d`".k yhykv ksadk ea pu fd; k t krk gS A
a
&l= wk/ kj & esfM+ ;k

8- <Ii kyh [ ; ky%

&
& y{e.kx<+( v yoj) {ks=k esaykd
s fi z;A

[97]
 9- Hksa
V dsnaxy% &
& ckMh ( / kS
yi q
j ) {ks=k esayksd fi z;A
& / kfeZd dgkfu; ksadk ea pu fd; k t krk gS
A
a

ukS
Va d h%
&
& v yoj] Hkjri q j ] djkSy h {ks=k esaykds fi z;A
& i zoÙkZ
d & Hkw j hyky
& orZ eku esai zeq[ k dykdkj&fxfjjkt i zlknA
& 9 i zd kj dsok| ; a =kksadk i z;ksx fd; k t krk gS
A
a
& ; g gkFkjl ' kS y h l si zHkkfor gS A
a
& ukSVa
d h esai zpfyr dgkuh% & v ejfl ag jkBkS M+
] v kYgk&Åny] l R;oku&l kfo=kh] gfj' kpUnz&rkjkerhA

j Eer % &
& chdkusj , oat S l yesj {ks=k dh yksd fi z;A
&iq "dj.kk czká.kksa}kjk [ ksy h t krh gS A
a
& gksy h , oal kou dseghusesajEer [ ksy h t krh gS A
a
&tS l yesj esarst dfo usbl syksd fi z; fd; k FkkA
& rst dfo dh i zfl ¼ jEers% & Lor=a k ckouh] ( 1942 esaegkRek xka / h dksdh x; h Hksa
V) ew
ey] t ksxh
Hk̀r gfj] Nsy srEcksy u
& rst dfo v a xzst ksadh uhfr; ksadsf[ kyki QFksA
& chdkusj esa^i kVksa * i j jEer dk ea pu fd; k t krk gS A
a
& i kVk l a Ldf̀r & chdkusj dh ekS fyd fo' ks"krk gS
A
a
& gksy h dsl e; ' kq Dy v "Veh l sprq n' khZrd budk v f/ d ea pu fd; k t krk gSA
a
& gsM+ kÅ & esjh dh jEer l okZ f/ d yksd fi z; gS
] ft l st okgj yky us' kq
a : fd; k FkkA
& jEer ' kq : l si gysjkenso t h dk xhr x; k t krk gS A
a
& chdkusj dsdykdkj% & rqy l hnkl t h] l qv k egkjkt ] i Q
kxqegkjkt A

x%
Loka &
& fdl h i kS
j kf.kd ; k , sfrgkfl d i k=k dh os'kHkw"kk i gudj ml dh udy djukA
& HkhyokM+k dst kudhyky Hkka M o i j' kqj ke usbl syksd fi z; fd; kA
& t kudh yky Hkka M dks^ea d h esu* dgk t krk gS A
a
& ekaMy ( HkhyokM+ k) esaps=k ' kqDy =k; ksn' kh dksukgjksadk Loka x fd; k t krk gS
A
a

xoj h%&
& jkt l Fkku dk i zkphure yksd ukV~ ;A
& bl sjkt LFkku dk es: ukV~ ; Hkh dgk t krk gS
A
a
& esokM+{ks=k esaHkhy i q : "kksa}kjk xojh ukV~
; dk ea
pu fd; k t krk gS
A
a
& j{kk cU/u l s' kq : gksd j 40 fnuksard pyrk gS A
a
& bl esaf' ko&HkLekl qj dFkk dksv k/ kj cuk; k t krk gS
A
a
&lw =k/ kj& dqVdfM+ ; k] f' ko& jkbZcqfM+
; kA
& gkL; i q V Mkyusokyk dykdkj & >Vi fV; kA

[98]
 & fofHkUu dFkkudksadksv ki ol esat ksM+
usdsfy, chp esal keq
fgd uR̀; fd; k t krk gS
A ft l s^xojh dh
a
?kkbZdgrs* gS
A
a

r ek' kk%
&
& ;g t ;iq j esa y ksd fi z; gS
A
a
& l okbZi zrki fl a
g dsl e; ca ' kh/ j HkV~
V ( egkjk"Vª) dksrek' kk dsfy, t ; i q
j yk; k x; kA
& ml l e; ^xkS gj t ku* rek' kk esaHkkx fy; k djrh FkhA
& gkys h dsfnu& t ksxh&t ksx.k dk rek' kkA
& ' khryk"Veh dsfnu& t q V~
Bu fe; kadk rek' kkA pS =k v ekoL; k dsfnu& xksihpUn dk rek' kkA
& v [ kkM+
k esarek' kk dk ea pu fd; k t krk gS A
a

HkokbZ% &
& xqt jkr dsl fUudV jkt LFkkuh ft yksaesav f/ d yksd fi z;A
& bl esal axhr i {k i j de è; ku fn; k t krk gS ] cfYd djrc fn[ kk; st krsgS
a A
a
& HkokbZyksd ukV~ ; O;kol kf; d i d z f̀r dk gS A
a
& jkt LFkku esaeq [ ; dykdkj% & : i fl ag] rkjk ' kekZ
] l ka
xh ykyA
& efgyk o i q : "k i k=kksdksl xkt h o l xht h dgk t krk gS A
a
& dykdkj ea p i j v i uk i fjp; ughansrsgS A
a
& ' kka
r k xka
/ h dk t l ey v ksM+ . k i zfl ¼ HkokbZyksd ukV~ ; gSA
a

pkj cSr%
a &
& Vka
d
s {ks=k esayksd fi z;A
& ewy r%& vi Q xkfuLrku dk yksd ukV~ ; gS A
a
& i gysbl si ' rksaHkk"kk esai zLrq
r fd; k t krk FkkA
& eq[ ; ok| ; a=k& Mi Q A
& Vka
d
s uokc i Q tq
S Yyk [ kkadsl e; djhe [ kkafuga x usbl sVksa
d esayksd fi z; fd; k FkkA

iQ
M+%&
& di M+
sdsi nsZi j fdl h nsork l sl EcfU/r t hou pfj=k dk ea
pu i Q
M+dgykrk gS
A
a
& 30 Feet - Leugthl
& 5 Frit - Buidth, i Q
M+dk fp=k.k fd; k t krk gSA
a
& fdl h nsork dh eukS rh i w
j h gksusi j i Q
M+cpokrsgS
A
a

j kl y hy k%&
& bl soYyHkkpk; Z}kjk ' kq : fd; k x; kA
& Hkxoku Jhd`".k l sl EcfU/r ?kVukv ksadk ea pu fd; k t krk gS
A
a
& Hkjri q j {ks=k esayksd fi z; gS
A
a
& f' koyky dq ekor usbl sHkjri q j esayksd fi z; fd; k FkkA
& jkeLo: i t h o gjxkfoUn t h Hkh bl dseq [ ; dykdkj gjsgS A
a
& dkeka( Hkjri q j) ] i Q
y sjk ( t ; i q
q j ) dh jkl yhyk i zfl ¼ gS A
a

[99]
 j key hy k%& rq y l hnkl t h }kjk
& Hkxoku jke l sl ecfU/r ?kVukv ksadh ea pu fd; k t krk gS A
a
& fcl kÅ ( >q U>quw
) dh jkeyhyk& ew
a d v fHku; i j v k/ kfjrA
& v V: ( ckjka ) ; gkajkeyhyk esa/ uq "k dksHkxoku jke }kjk u rksM+
k t kdj] t urk }kjk rksM+
k t krk gS
A
a
& i kVwnka( dksVk) & dh jkeyhyk Hkh i zfl ¼ gS A
a
& osd aV'sk ea
fnj ( Hkjri qj ) & Hkjri q
j dsosa
d Vs'k ea
fnj esagksrh gS
A
a

l ud kfnd y hy k%&
& fpÙkkSM+
x<+ds?kkslq
. Mk o cLl h LFkku i j bl dk ea pu fd; k t krk gS
A
a
& eafpr nsork dFkk& x.ks'k] xkjk&dkyk HkS : ] uf̀l a
a g& fgj.; d' ; i A
& v kf' ou o dkfrZd efguksaesav k; kts u fd; k t krk gS
A
a

[100]
 jkt LFkku dsi zeq
[ k ea
fnj
fdjkMwdsea fnj% &
& ekgokj ( ckM+ esj) dsl ehi A
& fdjkMwdk i q j kuk uke fdjkr dw i gS at ksi jekj jkt kv ksadh jkt / kuh FkhA
& eq [ ; ea fnj & l kses'oj
& fdjkMwdsea fnjksadksjkt LFkku dk [ kt q j kgksadgrsgS a
& ; g ea fnj ukxj ' kS y h esacusgq ; sgS A
a
lw; Zea fnj% &
& >kyjki kVu ( >kykokM+ )
& bl sl kr l gsfy; ksadk ea fnj dgrsgS A
a
& duZ y t sEl VkW M uspkjHkq t k ea fnj Hkh dgk gS A
a
& bl si n~ eukHk ea fnj Hkh dgrsgS A
a
v Fkq
Z
uk dsea fnj% &
& cka l okM+ k
& v Fkq uk Hkh i jekjksadh jkt / kuh FkhA
Z
& eq [ ; ea fnj& guq eku t h dk ea fnjA
& 11 ohao 12 oha' krkCnh dscusgq ; sgS A
a
& bUgsaokxM dk [ kt q j kgksadgrsgS A
a
j.kdi qj dst S u ea fnj% &
& dq EHkk dsl e; j.kd' kkg }kjk fufeZ r
& eq [ ; ea fnj& pkS eq[ kk ea fnj ( okLrq d kj&nsikd)
& bl ea fnj esa1444 [ kEHksgS ] v r%bl s[ kEHkksadk v t k; c?kj dgrsgS
a A
a
& bl ea fnj dsi kl gh usfeukFk ea fnj gS ] ft l sos'; kv ksadk ea
a fnj Hkh dgrsgS a
nsy okM+ k dst S u ea fnj% &
& fl jksgh
foeyl fg ea fnj% & bl dk fuekZ . k 1031bZ - esaHkhe' kkg ( xq t jkr) dspkyq D; jkt k dk ea=kh usdjok; k FkkA
usfeukFk ea fnj% & pkyq D; jkt k / oy dsea =kh rst i ky , oaokLrq i ky usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
& bl snsojkuh&t sBkuh dk ea fnj Hkh dgrsgS A
a
iq"dj dsea fnj% &
& ; gkaczá t h dk ea fnj cuk gq v k gS ] ft l dk fuekZ
a . k xksd q
y pUn i kjhd usdjok; kA
& ; gkadkfrZ d iw f.kZ
ek dksesy k Hkjrk gS A
a
& ; gkal kfo=kh ekrk dk ea fnj Hkh gS A
a
& ; gkaja xukFk ea fnj Hkh cuk gq v k gS ] t ksnzfoM+' kS
a y h dk gS A
a
&iq "dj dksdksa d .k rhFkZHkh dgk t krk gS A
a
& czá t h dsv U; ea fnj% & v kl krsjk ( ckM+ esj) Nha N ( cka l okM+k)
, dfya xukFk t h dsea fnj% &
& dS y k' ki q
j h ( mn; i q j ) & ukxnk dsl ehi A
& 8ohal nh esacki k jkoy usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; k FkkA

l gL=kckgqdk eafnj%&
& ukxnk ( mn; i q
j)
[101]
 & bl sl kl &cgqdk ea fnj Hkh dgrsgSA
a
ukS
&xzgksadk ea fnj%& fd' kux<+( v t esj)
l kofy; k t h dk ea fnj%&
& ea Mfi Q
; k ( fpÙkkSM+x<+)
& bl spksjksadk ea fnj Hkh dgrsgS A
a
g"kZ
n ekrk dk ea fnj%

&&&&&&&&&eq fu dk ea fnj
& dkfrZ d iw f.kZ
ek dksesy k Hkjrk gS A
a
& dfi y eq fu l ka [ ; n' kZ u dsi z.ksrk FksA
v fEcdk ekrk% &
& t xr ( mn; i q j)
& bl sesokM+dk [ kt q j kgksadgrsgS A
a
& bl sjkt LFkku dk feuh [ kt q j kgksadgrsgS A
a
dl a v k ea
q fnj% &
& dksVk
& ekS ; Zjkt k / oy usf' ko ea fnj cuok; k Fkk] ft l esa1000 f' kofya x gS
A
a
& ; gkaxq Irs'oj egknso dk ea fnj Hkh gS ] ft l dsn' kZ
a u ughafd; st krsgS A
a
' khrys'oj egknso% &
& >kykokM+( duZ y VkW M us>kyjki kVu dks?ka fV; ksadk ' kgj dgk gS A)
a
& bl dk fuekZ . k 689 bZ - esagq v kA
& ; g jkt LFkku dk i zkphure frfFk ; D qr ea fnj gS A
a
egkea fnj% &
& t ks/i jq
& jkt k ekufl a g }kjk fufeZ r
& ukfk l Ei znk; dk l cl scM+ k ea fnjA
fl jsea fnj%&
& t kykS j ( t ks/i q j dsjkt k ekufl a g usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; k Fkk)
&&&&&&&&
& chdkusj
& ; g 5 osat S u rhFkZ dj l q efrukFk dk ea fnj gSA
a
& bl dsfuek Z . k esai kuh dh t xg ?kh dk mi ; ksx fd; k x; k FkkA
l rohl ea fnj% &
& fpÙkkS M+x<+
& 11oha' krkCnh dst S u ea fnjA
FkaMnsojk ea fnj% &
& v V: ( ckjka )
& bl sgkM+ kS
r h dk [ kt q j kgksadgrsgS A( jkt LFkku dk fefu [ kt q
a j kgksa
)

iQ
y nsojk ea
q fnj%
&
& ckjka
[102]
 & bl seke&HkkUt k ea fnj Hkh dgrsgS A
a
l ksuh t h dh ufl ; ka% &
& v t esj
& bl syky ea fnj Hkh dgrsgS a
& 1864 esaew y pUn l ksuh usbl dk fuekZ . k djok; kA
[ kM+ sx.ks'k dk ea fnj% &
& dksVk
ckt .kk x.ks'k ea fnj% &
& fl jksgh
l kj.k ' oj egknso ea fnj% &
& fl jksgh
ukp.kk x.ks'k ea fnj% &
& j.kFkEHkkS j
gsjEc x.ki fr% &
& chdkusj ( t w ukx<+fdysesa A)
& x.ki fr ' ksj i j l okj gS A
a
jko.k ea fnj%&
& e.MkS j ( t ks/i qj)
& Jhekyh czká.k i w t k djrsgS A
a
foHkh"k.k ea fnj% & dS Fkw
u ( dksVk)
[ kksM+
k x.ks'k% & v t esj
jksd fM+; k x.ks'k% &tS l yesj
l kykl j ckt kyh% & pq : ( ckykt h dsnk<+ h & ew N gS
a A)
a
72 ft uky; % & Hkhueky ( t kykS j)
esgUnhi q j ckt kyh% & nkS l k ( N.H.-11 v kxjk l st ; i q j)
i koki q
jh t Su ea fnj% & fl jksgh
& ukjsy h dst S u ea fnj% & v t esj
ckyki jh% & ukxkS j ( dq Egkjh) ; gkaf[ kykS
usp<+ k; st krsgSA
a
ewNkyk egkohj% & ?kk?ksjko ( i kyh)
33 djksM+nsoh&nsorkv ksadk ea fnj%& chdkusj ( t wukx<+)
33 djksM+nsoh&nsorkv ksadh l ky% & ea
MkS
j ( v Hk; fl a
g }kjk fufeZ
r)
uhyd.M egknso ea fnj% & v yoj ( v t ; i ky }kjk fufeZ r)
ekykl h HkS : t h dk ea fnj%& ekykl h ( pq:)
- ; gkaHkS : t h dh mYVh ew frZyxh gS A
a
[ kkVw' ; ke t h dk ea fnj% &
& [ kkVw( l hdj)
` & ccZ j hd dk ea fnj
dY; k.kt h dk ea fnj% & fMXxh ( Vksa d)

v U; eafnj% &
1- Í "kHknso t h dk ea
fnj%
& mn; i q
j
[103]
 &iw j sns'k esa, dek=k ; gh , slk eafnj gS at gkal Hkh l Ei znk; o t kfr ( ' orkEcj] fnxEcj] t S u] ' ko
S] oS
".ko]
Hkhy) dsyksx v krsgS A
a
2- fl j; kjh ea fnj& i kyh
&tS u ' osrkEcj rsjki aFk dsi zFke v kpk; Zjh fHk{kqdh fuokZ . k LFkyhA
3- eqd Unjk dk f' koea fnj & dksVk
4- Lo.kZea fnj& i kyh
& ft l s'Gateway of Golden and Mini umbai' dsuke l st kuk t krk gS A
a
5- l q
U/k ekrk dk ea fnj& t kykSj
& jkt LFkku dk i zFke jksi&oscuk; k x; k gS A
a
6- ukxj ' kSy h dk v a fre o l cl sHkO; ea fnj& l kses'oj ( fdjkMw ) (i q
tZj & i zfrgkj dkyhu)
7- i a
pk; ru ' kS y h dk i zFke mnkgj.k jkt LFkku esa& v kS fl ; kadk ^gfjgj ea fnj* ( Hkkjr esai zFke mnkgj.k&
nsox<+( >ka l h) dk n' kkorkj eafnj)
& ukdkM s+k HkS
j o t h & ckyksrjkA

[104]
 jkt LFkku dh efLt nsa, oaet kjsa
1- bZ
nxkg efLt n% t ;iq j
2- efyd' kkg dh njxkg% t kykSj
3- ehBs' kkg dh njxkg% x.kjkS.k
4- xqy kc [ kkadk edcjk % t ks/i q j
5- xqy kc dyUnj dk edcjk% t ks/i q j
6- xerk xkt h ehukj% t ks/i qj
7- Hkw
j s[ kkadh et kj% esgjkux<+( t ks/i q j) -
8- bdehukj % t ks/i qj
9- l i Qnjt a x dh njxkg% v y oj
10- v ykmnhu v kye' kkg dh njxkg%frt kjk ( v yoj)
11- chch t jhuk dk edcjk% / kS yi q j
12- esgj [ kkadh ehukj f' koxa t ( fl jksgh)
13- l SÕ ; n ckn' kkg dh njxkg%f' koxa t ( fl jksgh)
14- t kek efLt n %' kkgckn (ckjka)
15- dkdkt h i jh dh njxkg% i zrkx<+
16- eLrku ckck dh njxkg% l kst r ( i kyh)
17- jft ; k l q Yrku dk edcjk%Vksa d
18- xw y j dkynku dh ehukj% t ks/i q j
19- rUgki hj dh njxkg% t ks/i qj
20- dchj ' kkg dh njxkg% dj kS yh
21- de: n~ nhu ' kkg dh njxkg%>q >q
a uw
22- i hj v Cnq Yyk dh njxkg% cka l okM+ k
23- nhoku ' kkg dh njxkg% di kl u ( fpÙkkS M+x<+)
24- gt jr ' kDdj ckck dh njxkg% ujgM+( >q >q
a uw) bUgsafo".kqdk v orkj ekuk t krk gS
a a
A
25- l SÕ ;n iQ [ k: n~
nhu dh njxkg% xfy; kdksV ( Mw xji q
a j)
26- py fi Q j ' kkg dh njxkg% fpÙkkS M+ x<+
27- i at kc ' kkg dh njxkg% j.kFkEHkkS j
28- enkZ u' kkg i hj dh njxkg% j.kFkEHkkS j
29- i Q [ k: n~nhu fp' rh dh njxkg% l jokM+( v t esj)
30- ukyhl j efLt n% l ka
Hkj ( t ; i q j)
31- beyh okysckck dh njxkg% rkyk ( t ; i qj)
32- yS y k ea t uwdh et kj% jk; fl a
g uxj ( xa xkuxj)
33- ckck nkS y r' kkg dh njxkg%pkS eaw
34- nw Ygs'kkg dh njxkg% i kyh
35- i hj fut keq n~nhu dh njxkg%i Q rsgi qj ( l hdj)

[105]
 jkt LFkku esi zeq
[ k esy s
jkt LFkku l jdkj }kjk v k; ksft r esy s%&
1- i rax egksRl o & t ;iq j
2- Åa V egksRl o & chdkusj
3- e: egksRl o &tS l yesj
4- Fkkj egksRl o & ckM+ esj
5- gkFkh egksRl o & t ;iq j
6- ' kjn egksRl o & ekma V v kcw
7- esokM egksRl o & mn; i q j
8- n' kgjk egksRl o & dksVk
fg.Mksy k egksRl o & i q
"dj

v U; esy s% &
1- xaxk n' kgjk & dkeka( Hkjri q j)
2- Hkkst u Fkkyh esy k & dkeka( Hkjri q j)
3- cl a r i pa eh esy k & nkS lk
4- xkSr e t h dk esy k & fl jksgh
5- t xnh' k esy k & xksusj ( t ; i q
j)
6- ?kksM+k&
sx/ ksdk esy k & HkkocU/ ( t ; i q j ) ( yq f.k; kokl )
7- l kfo=kh esy k & iq"dj
8- x: M+esy k & c; kuk ( Hkjri q j)
9- l q
bZ ; k di kys'oj ea fnj & ckMesj ( bl sv ¼Z dqEHk Hkh dgrsgS
A)
a
10- jke jko.k esy k & cM+ h l knM+h ( fpÙkkS M+x<+)
11- ehjk egksRl o & fpRrkS M+ x<+
12- rhFkZ j kt esy k & / kSyi q
j
13- Mksy ph egksRl o & nkS lk
14- Mksy esy k & ckjka
15- foØekfnR; esy k & mn; i q j
16- pu.kh psjh dkesy k & ns'kuksd ( chdkusj)
17- l okbZHkkst esy k & v kl ha n ( HkhyokM+ k)
18- ck.kxa xk esy k & fojkVuxj ( t ; i q j)
19- pw xh rhFkZesy k
a &tS l yesj
20- pkjHkq t k ukFk esy k & esM+ r k ( ukxkSj)

[106]
 i zt kea
My v ka
nksy u
fj; kl rksaeadq' kkl u dksl ekIr dj mÙkjnk; h ' kkl u dh LFkki uk djus] jkt uhfrd t ut kxf̀r i S nk djus]
ukxfjkdsadsekS fyd v f/ dkjksadh cgkyh djusdsmís'; l sfd; sx; sv ka nksy u i zt kea
My v kanksy uksadsuke
l st kust krsgS A
a
1938bZ - dsdka xzsl dsgfji q
j v f/ os'ku dsckn ns'kh fj; kl rksaesapy jgsl a?k"kZdksdka xzsl usv i uk l eFkZ
u
fn; k
1927 bZ - eacEcbZesav f[ ky Hkkjrh; ns'kh jkT; yksd i fj"kn~dh LFkki uk dh x; h Fkh] ft l dh fj; kl rh
bdkb; ksadksi zt ke.My dsuke l st kuk x; kA

ekjokM+l sok l a
?k%& 1920bZ - esat ; ukjk; .k O;kl o pka
ney l qj k.kk }kjk ekjokM+l sok l a
?k dk xBu fd; k
x; k ft l dk mís'; t uk t kxf̀r i nSk dj ekjokM+fj; kl r esamÙkjnk; h ' kkl u dh Fkki uk djokuk FkkA
ekjokM+l sok l a
?k] jkt LFkku l sok l a
?k dh , d bdkbZFkha

rksy v ka
nksy u%
& 1920&21 bZesaekjokM+fj; kl r esafczfV' k Hkkjr dh rt Zi j l kSrksy sdsLFkku i j 80
rkSy sdk , d l sj dj fn; k x; k] ekjokM+l sok l a
?k dsdk; Z d rkZ
v ksa}kjk bl dsf[ kyki Qv ka
nksy u pyk; k
x; k] v r%l jdkj dksv i uk fu.kZ ; cnyuk i M+ kA
ekjokM+; w Fk yhx%& 10 ebZ19831 bZ - dkst ; ukjk; .k O;kl }kjk ekjokM+fj; kl r esabl l a xBu dh
LFkki uk dh x; hA

p.Mkoy ?kVuk% & ebZ1942 bZ - esap.Mkoy ( i kyh) uked LFkku i j ekjokM+i zt k i fj"kn dsdk; Z
d rkZ
v ksa
dh , d l Hkk i j fj; kl rh l S
fuydksa}kjk geyk fd; k x; k i Q
yLo: i dbZdk; Z
d ÙkkZ?kk; y gksx; sA

M+
kcM+ k dk.M% & 13 ekPkZ1947 b-Z dksMkcM+ k ( ukxkS
j ) uked LFkku i j ekjokM+i zt kea
My dsdk; Z
d rkZ v ksa
dh , d l Hkk eksrhyky rst kor uked , d fdl ku ds?kj i j gksjgh FkhA MhMokuk i jxusdst kxhjnkj }kjk
dk; Zd rkZ
v ksai j geyk djok; k x; kA i zt kea
My dseq [ ; usrk pq
Uuhyky l esr 12 yksx ekjsx; sA eFkq
j knkl
ekFkjq ?kk; y gksx; sA

l oZ
fgrdkfj.kh l Hkk% & 1913 bZ - esachdkusj i zt kea
My dsdk; Z
d rkZ
v ksaLokeh xksikynkl o dUgS ; k yky }kjk
a
pq: esabl dh LFkki uk dh x; h bl dsrgr ckfydk f' k{kk dsfy, i q =kh i kB' kkyk rFkk nfyr f' k{kk dsfy;
dchj i kB' kkyk, a[ kskyh x; hA

chdkusj "kM; a =k v fHk; ksx%

& chdkusj egkjkt k xa xkfl a
g t c nw l jsxksy est l Eesy u ( 1931) esaHkkx ysusds
fy; sya nu x; src ogkai j chdkusj dsdk; Z d rkZ
v ksa}kjk ^chdkusj fnXn' kZ u* ( chdkusj esadq ' kkl u dkscrkus
okyh) uked i f=kdk cVa ok; h x; hA bl dsn.MLo: i Lokeh xksikynkl ] pUnuey cgM+ ] l R;ukjk; .k l jkZ
iQ
chdkus"kM; a =k eq
d nek pyk; k x; kA
t sUVyeS u , xzesUV% & Hkkjr NksM+ ksv kanksy u dsl e; fl rEcj 1942 esat ; i q j i zt kea
My dsusrk ghjkyk
a
' kkL=kh o t ; i qj dsi z/kuea =kh fet kZbZ Lekby dseè; , d l e>kS r k gq v k] ft l sGentlemen Agreement dgk
t krk gS ] bl dsrgr ; g r; fd; k x; k fd t ; i q
a j fj; kl r v a xzst ksadh t u&/ u l sl gk; rk ughadjsxhA
i zt kea
My dsdk; Z d ÙkkZ' kka
fri w
. Zfojks/ dj l drsgS arFkk dk; Z d Ùkkv ksadh fxjÝrkjh ughadh t k; sxhA
jkT; esamÙkjnk; h ' kkl u LFkkfi r djusdsi z;kl fd; st k; sa xsA
t ; i jq i zt keMay Hkkjr NksM+ ksv kankys u esaHkkx ughaysxk
[107]
 v kt knekps kZ
%
&t ;iq j i zt kea
My ds}kjk Quit India movement esaHkkx ughaysusdsghjkyky ' kkL=kh dsfu.kZ ;
l sukjkt dk; Z d rkZ
v ksausckck gfj' pUnzdsusrR̀o esav kt kn ekpkZdk xBu fd; k rFkk Hkkjr NksM+ ksv ka
nksy u
esaHkkx fy; k] ft l dsv U; usrk jkedj.k t ks'kh] nkS y rey Hka
Mkjh o xq
y kcpUn dkl yhoky FksA
rl heksdka M% & v i zS
y 1947 bZ - esa/ kySi q
j i zt kea
My dsrl heksuked xkao esai q
fyl i Q
k; fja
x dh x; h]
ft l esai p
aefl a
g o Nrjfl a g nksdk; Zd ÙkkZ' kghn gksx; sA

jkLrki ky ?kVuk% & okxM+l sok l a?k }kjk l a

pkfyr fo| ky; ksadksca n djokusx; sMw xji jqjkt ; dsl S
a fudksadus
jkLrki ky uked xka o esafo| ky; can ughadjusi j v è; ki d ukukHkkbZdh xksy h ekjdj gR;k dj nh rFkk
nwl jsv è; ki d l sxkaHkkbZdksxkM+h dsi hNscka / dj ?kl hVk x; k] 13 o"khZ
; Hkhy ckfydk dkyhckbZv è; ki d
l sa
xkHkkbZdkscpkusdsi z;kl esai q fyl dh xksfy; ksadh f' kdkj ( ' kghn) gksx; hA ( 19 t w u 1947) Mwxji q
a j
ft ysea sxsi l kxj dsrV i j dkyh ckbZdh i zfrek yxh gq ; h gS
Ajkt LFkku l jkdj ckfydk f' k{kk ds{ks=k esa
a
ckfydk i q j Ldkj i znku djrh gaA
a
S

dFkVjkFky l Eesy u% & 25 v i zS

y 1934 bZ - dksdVjkFky ( l hdj) uked LFkku i j efgykv ksal snq
O;Z
ogkj
dsf[ kyki Qfd' kksjh nsoh ( fdl ku usrk gjykyfl a
g) dsusrR̀o esa10000 efgykv ksadk , d l Eesy u gqvk
bl esaHkjri q
j dsfdl ku usrk Bkdq j ns'kjkt dh i Ruh mÙkeknsoh usHkh Hkkx fy; k FkkA

dwna
u gR;kdka M% & v i zS
y 1934bZ - esadw
nau ( l hdj) uked xkao easai q
fyl v f/ dkjh dS
IVu osc }kjk fdl kuksa
ij iQ k; fja
x dj nh xbZ ] bl esadbZfdl ku ekjsx; s] bl gR;kdka
M dh ppkZyna u dsHouse of Commons
esaHkh gq; h FkhA

egRoi w
. kZl xaBu% &
1- ns'k fgrSf"k.kh l Hkk%
& esokM+fj; kl r esafookg l EcU/h l q / kj djusdsmís'; l s2 t q y kbZ1877bZ- dks
egkjk.kk l Tt ufl a
g dh v è; {krk esal ekt l q / kj l a
xBu cuk; k x; k] ft l dsmís'; fookg dsl e; gksus
okys[ kpZdksde djuk][ cgqfookg fu"ks/ djuk FkkA
l ekt l /qkj dsi fji zs{; esafdl h fj; kl r esagqv k i gyk i z;kl dfo jkt k ' ; keynkl ( ohj fouksn ds
ys[kd) bl dsl nL; FksA

2- okYVjdw
r jkt i wr fgdkfj.kh l Hkk%
& t uojh 1889 bZ
- esaA.G.G. okYVj usjkt i w
r ksaesafookg l EcU/h
lq
/ kj djusdsfy, bl l Hkk dk xBu fd; k ft l dsmís'; % &
1- fookg ; ksX; v k; qfuf' pr djuk ( yM+d sdsfy, 18] yM+ d h 14 o"kZ
)
2- cgqfookg ca n djukA 3- Vhdk o jhr can djukA

3- jkt i w
r kuk eè; Hkkjr l Hkk% & 1918bZ - esat eukyky ct kt }kjk fnYyh dspkna uh pkS
d esaekjokM+
h
iq
Lrdky; esabl l Hkk dk xBu fd; k x; k ft l dk eq [ ; ky; v t esj ( ckn esa
) cuk; k x; kA
fot ; fl g
a i fFkd] x.ks'k ' ka
d j fo| kFkh]Z pka
ndj.k ' kkjnk v kfn yksx Hkh bl l st q
M+
sgq
; sFksA

4- jkt LFkku l sok l a?k%

& 1919 bZ - esafot ; fl a
g i fFkd }kjk o/ kZ( egkjk"Vª) esabl dk xBu fd; k x; k FkkA
jkeukjk; .k pkS / jh o gfjHkkbZfdad j bl l a ?k dseq [ ; dk; Z
d ÙkkZFksA jkt LFkku l sok usfdl ku v kanksy uksa
( cw
nh] ' ks[kkokVh v kfn) esav i uh eq
a [ ; Hkw
fedk fuHkkbZjkt LFkku l sok l a ?k dk eq [ ; ky; v t esj esacuk; k
x; kA

[108]
 5- t hbu dq Vhj%
& 1927 bZ - esaouLFkyh ( Vksa
d ) esaghjkyky ' kkL=kh }kjk bl l a
LFkk dk xBu fd; k x; k]
ft l dk mís'; , d , slsxzke l ekt dk fuekZ . k djuk Fkk] t ksi w
. kZ
r %LokoyEcu i j v k/ kfjr gS
A
a

6- fgUnh l kfgR; l fefr% & 1912 bZ - esabl l a LFkk dh LFkki uk dh x; h Fkh] bl dsrgr 1927bZ - esaHkjri q
j
esafo' o fgUnh l Eesy u dk v k; kst u djok; k x; k ft l dsv è; {k xkS j h ' ka
d j ghjkpUn v kS
>k Fksbl l Eesy u
esajohUnzukFk VS xksj o t euk yky ct kt usHkh Hkkx fy; k FkkA
( Hkjri q
j esafd' kufl a
g usfgUnh dksjk"VªHkk"kk ?kksf"kr dj fn; k FkkA)
7- v f[ ky Hkkjrh; gfjt u l a ?k%
& 1932 bZ - esaxka / h t h us?ku' ; kenkl fcM+ y k dsusrR̀o esav f[ ky
Hkkjrh; gfjt u l a ?k dh LFkki uk dh Fkh] bl dh jkt i w r kuk bdkbZdsv è; {k gjfoykl ' kkjnk FksA
8- ohj Hkkjr l Hkk% & jkt LFkku esaØka
frdkjh xfrfof/ ; ksadsi z;kl dsfy; s1910 esadsljhfl a g ckjgB o
jko xksikyfl ag [ kjok }kjk bl dk xBu fd; k x; k Fkk] fot ; fl a g i fFkd Hkh bl l st q M+
sgq
; sFksA; g l a
LFkk
v fHkuo Hkkjr ( ohj l kojdj) dh i zkUrh; bdkbZFkhA

i zt ke.Myksadkjkt uS
frd o l kekft d ; ksxnku%
jkt uS
frd ; ksxnku l kekft d ; ksxnku
- jkt uhfrd psruk t kxr̀ - efgykv ksadh fLFkfr esal q
/ kj
- jk"Vªh; psruk dk l a pkj - f' k{kk dk i zpkj&i zlkj
- mÙkjnk; h l jdkjsadh LFkki uk - v kfnokfl ; ksadsdY; k.k dsfy; sl q
/ kj dk; Z
Øe
- , dhdj.k dk ekxZi z'kLr - gfjt u m¼kj
- jk"Vªh; , drk dkscy - csxkj i zFkk dk mUew yu
- l keUr' kkgh l ekIr - l kekft d l q / kj
-jk"Vªh; v kanksy uksadkscy

[109]
 la
Ldkj @l a
Ldf̀r
t Mw
y k%
& t krdeZ( cPpksadscky mRjokuk)

cjh i My+k%
& oj i {k dsyksxksa}kjk o/ wi {k dsyksxksadsfy, ysd j t kusokysmi gkjA

l kesy k ( e/ q
iZ
d) %
& ' kknh i j o/ qi {k }kjk oj i {k dh v xq
okuh djukA

eksM+ck¡/ uk%
& oj dksckjkr esap<+
krsl e; eka
xfyd dk; Z
A

uka
xy%
& u; s?kj dk mn~
?kkVu

dka
d uMkjsk%
& oj dks' kknh i w
oZcka
/ st kusokyk MksjkA

i gjko.kh @ja
xojh @l eBq
uh & ' kknh dsckn o/ wi {k }kjk oj i {k dksfn; st kusokysmi gkjA

c<+
kj%
& ' kknh dsl e; dk i zhfrHkkst A

xkS
uk @eq
d ykok%
& oky fookg gksusi j ckn esayM+
d h dh i gyh fonkbZ
A

Nw
Nd@
t ke.kk%
& uot kr dst Ue nj] ufugky i {k dh v ksj l sfn; st kusokysv kHkw
"k.kA

njl ksBu%
&

fj; k.k%
& fdl h v ol j i j v ey ( v i Q
he) dh euq
gkjA

cS
dq
. Bh@
pa
nksy %
& ' ko ; k=kkA

v ?ksVk%
& ' ke' kku yst krsl e; jkLrsesav FkhZdh fn' kk cnyukA

i xM+
h%
& ?kj esaeq
f[ k; k dh eR̀;qdsckn mÙkjkf/ dkjh pq
uk t kukA

l ka
r jokMk%
& eR̀;qdsckn nh t kusokyh l ka
RoukA

iQ
y pq
w xuk%
& eR̀;qi ' pkr~v fLFk , df=kr djukA

[110]
 jkt LFkku esal keUrh O;oLFkk
l keUrh O;oLFkk ( Feoda System) % & jkt LFkku esal keUrh O;oLFkk l srkRi; Zml O;oLFkk l sgS at ksjDr
l EcU/ksai j v k/ kfjr dq
y h; ] i z'kkl fud o l S fud O;oLFkk gksrh Fkh] ft l esal ed{kksaeasi zFke gksrk FkkA
( dchykbZl a Ldf̀r )
jkt LFkku dh l keUr O;oLFkk i f' pe dh l keUrh O;oLFkk dsl eku ughaFkh] ft l esajkt k o l keUr dseè;
Lokeh o l sod dk l EcU/ gksrk Fkk cfYd ca /q
Ro i j v k/ kfjr FkhA
' kkl d fi rk dh eR̀;qdsckn cM+ ki q=k jkt k curk FkkArFkk ' ks"k NksVsHkkbZ
; ksadkst hou fuokZg dsfy,
t ehu v kaofVr dh t krh Fkh] bu HkkbZ ; ksadksl keUr rFkk Hkw
fe dksl keUr t kxhj dgk t krk Fkk ft l i j ml
l keUr dk t Uet kr v f/ dkj gksrk FkkA

l keUrh O;oLFkk dk Lo: i % &

jkt LFkku desal keUrh O;OkLFkk i nl ksiku i j v k/ kfjr ughaFkh cfYd VS
V O;oLFkk dsl eku Fkh ft l esajkt k
a
Vsa
V dk eq [ ; LrEhk rFkk l keUr ml dsv U; LrEHk gksrsFksAfdl h , d Hkh LrEHk dsfgyusl si w j h O;OkLFkk
i j ml dk i wj k i zHkko i M+
r k FkkA

l keUrh O;oLFkk dh fo' ks"krk, a%&

; g jDr l EcU/ksai j v k/ kfjr i z'kkl fud o l S fud O;oLFkk FkhA jkt k bu l keUrksadh eq [ ; i z'kkl fud i nksa
i j fu; qfDr fd; k djrk FkkA
jkt k dsl Hkh i z'kkl fud l Sfud o uhfrxr fu.kZ ; l keUrksadh l ykgA i jke' kZi j gh fy, t krsFksA
l keUr dk mRFkku o i ru jkt k dsl kFk gh gksrk FkkA og l v i uh et hZl sfdl h v U; jkt ; dsl kFk ; q ¼
; kl af/ dk fu.kZ ; ughaysl drk FkkA
jkt k o l keUrksadsl EcU/ l Eeku o dÙkZ O;ksai j v k/ kfjr gksrsFksAjkt k l keUrksadsfo' ks"kkf/ dkjksadk l Eeku
djrk FkA oghal keUr jkT; dsi zfr dÙkZ O; dksfuHkkrsFksA
l keUrksadksv i usi kl , d l suk ( t reh; r) j[ kuh i M+ r h rFkk v ko' ; drk i M+
usi j jkt k dksl S fu d
l gk; rk nh t krh Fkh] ; g ; q¼ o ' ka frdky nksuksaesajgrh FkhA bl v fuok; Zl S fud l gk; rk dsi hNs; g
Hkkouk jgrh Fkh fd ml jkT; dh Hkw fe i j l cdk l kew fgd v f/ dkj jgsA
jkt k l ed{kksaesai zFke gksrk Fkk bl rF; dkset cw r h nsusdsfy, jkt k l keUrksadksdkdkt h o HkkbZt h t S ls
l Eekut ud ' kCnksal sl Ecksf/ r djrk Fkk] oghal keUr jkt k dks^cki t h* dgdj cq y krsFksA( jkt k jkT; dk
i z/ku] l kea
r t kxhj dk i z/ku)

l keUrksadksfeyusokysfo' ks"kkf/ dkj%

&
rkt he% & ; g , d jkt dh; l Eeku gksrk Fkk ft l esal keUr dsnjckj esav kusi j jkt k dks[ kM+
sgksd j
v fHkoknu djuk gksrk gSA rkt he nksi zd kj dh gksrh FkhA
a

bdSoMh ( bdgjh) nksoM+

h ( nksgjh)
bl esajkt k ( , d ckj gh) l keUr ds bl esajkt k dksl keUr dsv kxeu o xeu nksuksai j
dsoy v kusi j [ kM+ k gksrk FkkA [ kM+
k gksuk i M+
r k FkkA

[111]
 ck¡g i l ko% &
bl essat c dksbZl keUr jkt k dsnjckj esav krk Fkk rksog v i uh ryokj jkt k dsi S
j ksaesaj[ kdj ml dsi S
a j ksa
a
dksNw r k FkkAcnysesajkt k ml dsda/ si j gkFk j[ krk FkkA

gkFk dk dq j c%
&
bl esaHkh l keUr jkt k dsi S
j ksaesaryokj j[ kdj ml dsai S
j ksadksNw
a r k FkkA cnysaesajkt k ml dsda
/ si j gkFk
j[ kdj gkFk dksgn; l syxk ysrk FkkA

l keUrksa}kjk fn; st kusokys( jkT; ksadk)s dj% &

js[k%& ; g fdl h t kxhj dk v uq ekfur Hkw
&jkt Lo gksrk Fkk] t ksml t kxhj dsi Vs̀i j fy[ kk gksrk FkkA
i Vk̀ js[k Hkjrqjs[k
i Vs̀esafy[ kk v uq ekfur Hkw &jkt Lo t kxhj dk okLrfod Hkwjkt Lo t ksl keUr jkT;
dksHkjrk FkkA
mÙkjkf/ dkj ' kq Yd% & fdl h t kxhj esal keUr dh eR̀;qgkst kusi j jkT; }kjk ml t kxhj i j t Crh fcBk nh
t krh FkhA fi Q j U;k l keUr jkT; dksmÙkjkf/ dkj ' kqYd pq d k dj v i usfy, t kxhj i q u%i zkIr djrk FkkA
nwl js' kCnksaesadgsarks; g ml t kxhj dk uohuhdj.k FkkA bl sekjokM+esagq Deukek o i s'kd' kh rFkk es okM+
esadS n ; k ryokj ca / kbZdgrsgS A
a
tS l yesj , dek=k , slh fj; kl r Fkh t gkamÙkjkf/ dkj ' kq
Yd ughafy; k t krk FkkA

U;ksr dj% &

jkt dqekjh dh ' kknh dsv ol j i j l keUrksa}kjk jkt k dksfn; k t kusokyk djA

xuhe cjkM+
%
&;q
¼ dsv ol j i j fn; k t kusokyk djA

t kxhj dsi zd kj

l keUr t kxjh jkt k gdq er t kxjh HkkS

e t kxhj l kl .k t kxhj pkj.kksa ]
jkt k }kjk v i usjDr jkT; }kjk i z'kkl fud jkT; dsfy, czká.kksa
] eafnjksa
] f' k{kk
l EcfU/; ksadksnh t kus dk; kZsdscnysesa cfynku dscnys dsUnzksv kfn dksnh t kus
okyh t kxjh okyh l keUr eqRl nknh ( deZ pkjh) esanh t kusokyh okyh t kxhj] l kl .k
t kxhj dgykrh Fkh] ft l oxZdksnh t kusokyh t kxhj] HkkS
e t kxhj t kxjh dgykrh Fkh ft l
i j mudk t Eut kr v f/ dkj t kxhj ft l sml t kxhjnkj dgykrh FkhA i j fdl h i zd kj dk dj
gksrkFkk dh eR̀;qdsckn ughafy; k t krk Fkk
^[ kkyl k* dj fn; k t krk ft l s^eki Qh t kxhj*
FkkA dgk t krk FkkA

[112]
 l keurksadh Jsf.k; ksa%&
l keUrksadksmudsl sok dk; ZrFkk cfynkuksadscnysesat kst kxhjsnh t krh Fkh] mudk v yx&v yx jkT; ksaesa
v yx&v yx rjhdsl soxhZ d j.k gksrk FkkA bu l keUrksadsfo' ks"kkf/ dkj o l Eeku Hkh bu Jsf.k; ksal sr; gkrss
FksA mnkgj.k Lo: i esokM+esai zFke Js.kh dsl keUrksadh l a [ ; k 16 Fkh] buesaHkh l yw
Ecj ( mn; i qj ) ds
pw Mkor dk egRoi w
a . kZLFkku Fkk] ml sjkT; esai z/ku dk i n fn; k t krk FkkA; q ¼ dsl e; og l suk dk
l suki fr gksrk FkkAjkt k dh v uq i fLFkfr esajkt / kuh l a
Hkkyrk FkkA jkt k dsjkt fryd dsl e; ml dsryokj
cka/ rk FkkA
t ks/i q
j esal keUrksadh eq [ ; r%4 pkj Jsf.k; kaFkh ft Ugsajkt oh] fl jnkj] fxuk; r] o eq Rl n~
nh esafoHkDr
fd; k x; k gS A
a
t ; i jq ( v kesj) fj; kl r esai F̀ohfl a
g dsl e; 12 dksVMh O;oLFkk ykxwdh x; hA

l keUrksadseq
[ ; r%nksxZgksrsFksA

1- HkkS fe; k l keUr 2- xzkfl ; k l keUr

Hkw
fe dh j{kk djrsgq ; sekjst kusi j ml cfynku ft Uga
sl Sfud l sok dscnysHkw fe nh t krh Fkh]
dscnysesat kst kxhj nh t krh Fkh] mUgsaHkkS fe; ka mUgsaxzkfl ; k l kear dgrsFksA budh l sokv ksaesa
l keUr dgrsFksA budk v i uh t kxhj i j oa ' kkuq
xr fdl h i zd kj dh deh v kusi j budh Hkw fe Nhu
v f/ dkj gksrk Fkk o bUgsacsn[ ky fd; k t k l drk yh t krh FkhA
FkkA
HkkS
fe; k l keUrksadh jkT; dk; ksZesafu; q fDr; kadj nh
t krh Fkh t Sl s& Mkd i gq pkuk] ; q
a ¼ l kexzh i gapkuk
q

i z'kkl fud O;oLFkk%&

jkt k% & jkT; dk eq [ ; l osZl okZgkrsk FkkAl Hkh i z'kl fud l S
fud o U;kf; d ' kfDr; kabl esafufgr gksrh FkhA
i jUrqjkt k dh fujdq ' k l Ùkk ughagksrh FkhA ml i j fu; a
a =k.k djusokyka
s& l keUr] i q
j ksfgr] ; q
ojkt A
i jEi jkxr uhfr fu; eksao / eZ' kkL=kksadk ncko ges'kk cuk jgrk FkkA
jkt k dsv Yi o; Ld gksusi j jkt ek, oa' kkl u pyk; k djrh FkhA
dHkh&Hkh cM+ si q
=k dk ; qojkt ds: i esajkT; kfHk"ksd dj fn; k t krk Fkk rks; q ojkt Hkh ' kkl u dk; ksaZes
a
l g; ksx djrk FkkA

i z/ku% & jkt k dsckn esanw

l jk eq [ ; v f/ dkjh] t ksjkt k dksl S
fud o U;k; l EcU/h ekeyksaesal ykg fn; k
djrk FkkA
dksVk fj; kl r esa &iQ kS
t nkj
chdkusj Hkjri q j & eq[ R;kj
t ;iq j & eql kfgc

nhoku%& nhoku jkT; dsfoÙk o jkt Lo l EcU/h ekeyksadh ns[k js[k djrk Fkk og jkT; dsv k; &O;; dk
ys[kk&t ks[kk o t kxhjksa}kjk fn; st kusokysokf"kZ
d dj dk fgl kc j[ krk FkkAdbZokj jkt k dh v uq
i fLFkfr
esat c jkT; i j fu; a=k.k j[ krk Fkk rksml sns'k nhoku dsuke l st kuk t krk FkkA

[113]
 eq
l kfgc& jkt k dk eq [ ; l ykgdkj
c[ ' kh& ; g l S
U; foHkkx i j fu; a
=k.k j[ krk FkkAl S
fud l kexzh l S
fudksadsv uq
' kkl u o i zf' k{k.k dh O;OkLFkk
djrk FkkA

f' kdnkj%
& f' kdnkj uxj dksroky gksrk Fkk t ksuxj esadkuw
u O;oLFkk o ' kka
fr cuk, j[ kusdk i z;kl djrk
FkkA

[ kkul kek%
& ; g jkt k dk fo' ol uh; v f/ dkjh gksrk Fkk t ksjkt dh; l kekuksadh [ kjhn jkt egy dh
v ko' ; drkv ksadh i w
frZrFkk jkt dh; m| ksxksadsl kekuksadk Ø; & foØ; fd; k djrk FkkA
bl i n i j jkt k fdl h bZekunkj O;fDr dh fu; q fDr djrk FkkA

odhy%
& ; g jkt / kuh esafBdk.ksdk i zfrfuf/ gksrk FkkA

ehj eq ' kh%

a & ; g dq Vuhfrd i =k O;ogkj dk dk; Zns[krk FkkA
: Ddk% & jkt k }kjk l keUrksadksHkst st kusokysi =kA
[ kjhok%& jkt k }kjk fdl h nw l jsjkt k dksHkst st kusokysi =kA

fdysnkj%
&

M; ks<+
hnkj%
&

xzke i z'kkl u%
&
& ekst k ( xkao) xzkfed ( i Vokjh) pk/Sjh ( i Vsy )
& ri Q snkj%&iQl y dVrsl e; jkT; dsHkw &jkt Lo dksfuf' pr djrk FkkA

Hkw
&jkt Lo i z'kkl u%
&
& Hkwfe dksnksHkkxkasea
sfoHkDr fd; k x; k FkkA

df̀"k Hkw
fe pj.kksrk Hkw
fe@ xkspj
[ ksrh dh t krh Fkh jkt k Hkh [ kkyl k ?kksf"kr ughadj l drk FkkA

fdl ku Hkh nsk rjg dsgksrsFks&

cki hnkj xS
j &cki hnkj
nk[ kyk ( i Vk̀) dq, a[ kq
nok l drsFksA [ ksrhgj et nw
j ] f' kdeh fdl ku
ydM+ h mi ; ksx esaysl drsFksA
ekfydkuk gd
Hkw
& jkt Lo dksHkksx] gkfl y] yxku dgk t krk FkkA
ckjkuh o mUuko Hkw fe i j Hkw
&jkt Lo v yx & v yx gksrk FkkA

[114]
 &t ;iq j esamUuko Hkw
fe i j jkt Lo] ckjkuh Hkw
fe l s1-5 xq . kk FkkA
Hkw
&jkt Lo ol wy usdsrjhds% &
ykVk% &iQ l y dksdkVdj [ kfygku esaml dh l i Q kbZdjusdsckn jkT; dk fgLl k fuf' pr fd; k t krk gS
A
a
bl l e; jkT; dk deZ pkjh ( ri Q
snkj) oga
k mi fLFkr gksrk FkkA

dw
r k%
a & [ kM+
hi Q
l y dk v a
nkt k yxkdj gh Hkw
&jkt Lo fuf' pr dj fn; k t krk FkkA

eq
d rk%
& t c fdh xka
o dk , d eq
' r Hkw
&jkt Lo fu/ kZ
fjr dj fn; k t krk FkkA

?kw
?kjh%
& jkT; }kjk fn; sx; scht dscnysfy; k t kusokyk Hkwjkt Lo ?kw
?kjh dgykrk FkkA

ch?kkM
s+
h t c xka
oksaesach?kk dsv k/ kj Hkw
&jkt Lo fy; k t krk Fkk] ch?kksM+
h dgykrk FkkA

l keUrh O;oLFkk dsi zHkko%

&

1- t urk dw i eMª.drk dh fLFkfr esacuh jgh] ckgjh nw fu; k l sv oxr ughagksi k; hA

2- df̀"k O;oLFkk dk âkl
3- O;ki kj& okf.kT; dksi zksRl kgu ughafn; k t S l si fjogu& l apkj dsl k/ uksadk v HkkoA
4- m| ksx& / a/ ksadksi zksRl kgu ughafn; k x; kA
5- v kfFkZ
d ' kks"k.k dh i fj.kfr fdl ku fonzksgksagksx; h FkhA
6- fi Q
tw y [ kphZ A
7- foykfl rki w. kZt hou ' kS y hA
`
l dkjkred i zHkko% &
1- gLrdyk m| ksx dksi zksRl kgu fn; kA
2- dyk , a ola Ldf̀r dk l a j {k.kA
3- LFkki R; dky dksi zksRl kgu
4- yksd xhrks]ayksd uR̀;ksa' kkL=kh; xk ; u ( ya
xk] eka
xf.k; kj) dkst hfor cuk, j[ kkA

' kq
Ø uhfr ds9 i zd kj dsfdyscuk, x, gS A
a
1- , j.k nqxZ% 7 ft l eat kusdsfy, dka Vks& i Rfkjksadk nq
xZ
e i Fk gksA
2- fxfj nq xZ& i gkM+
hi j
3- / kUou nq xZ%& e: LFky esa A
4- ou nq xZ& ou esa A
5- i kfj[ k nq
xZ& pkjksarji Q[ kkbZ@u gj gksA mnk- chdkusj dk fdyk A
6- i kfj/ nq xZ%
& pkjksarji Qi jdksVk gksA mnk- chdkusj dk fdykA
7- l SU; nqxZ%&lS fudksadk fuokl LFkku mnk- fpÙkkS M+
8- v ksnd nq xZ%& pkjksarji Qi kuh gksA ( ufn; ksadsfdukjscl k gq v k nqxZ
) mnk- xkjksu v kS
j Hksljksx<+
9- l gk; nq xZ
%& cU/qckU/oksa] ' kw
j ohjksadk fuokl LFkkuA

[115]
 jkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk dh fo' ks"krk, a
& fo"k; oLrqdh fofo/ rk] o.kZfofo/ rk] i zd f̀r i fjos'k] ns'k dky dsv uq : i gksuk jkt LFkku fp=kdyk
dh i zeq [ i k fo' ks"krk, agSA
a
& / kfeZd ,a o l ka Ldf̀r d {ks=k dh fp=kdyk esaHkfDr , a o Ja xkj bl dh i z/kurk gS A
a
& nhfIr; q Dr] pVdnkj , a olq ugjsjaxksdk v f/ d i z;ksx fd; k t krk gS A
& fdyk egyksao gosfy; ksaesaf=kdyk dk i ks"k.k gq v kA
& eq xy f=kdyk l si zHkkfor jkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk esafoykfl rk] rMd HkMd v Ur% iq
j dsfp=ko i kjn' khZoL=k
i gusi k=kksadsfp=k cuk, x, gS a
& jkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk esal exzrk dsn' kZ u gkrsgS A eq
a [ ; v kdf̀r o i `"BHkw fe dk ges'kk l keUt L; cuk jgrk
FkkA fp=k esai zR;sd ol rqdk v fuok; ZegRo gksrk FkkA
& jkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk esai zd f̀r dk ekuohdj.k fd; k x; k gS A i zd f̀r dkst M+ughaekudj ml dk eku o
a
dsl [qk & nq [ k dsl kFk rkjrE; LFkkfi r fd; k x; kA
& eq xyka sdh v i s{kk jkt LFkkuh fp=kdkjksadksv f/ d Lora U=krk gksusdsdkj.k yksd fo' okl ksadksv f/ d
v fHkO;fDr feyhA
& fofHkUu Í rq v ksadk Jà xkfjd o.kZu dj eku o t hou i j i M+ usokysi zHkko dk fp=k.k fd; k x; kA
& jkt LFkku fp=kdyk esaukjh l kS Un; Zdk fp=k.k v f/ d fd; k x; k gS A
a
& i zkdf̀r d l kSUn; Zdk v f/ d fp=k.k gksusdsdkj.k jkt LFkkuh fp=kdyk v f/ d euksje gksx; h gS A
a

jkt LFkku dh l a
xhrc¼ t kfr; ka
<kys h] jk.kk] ya
xk] eka
xf.k; kj] dykoUr] HkobZ] dt a
j ] Hkksik] <+
k<h

yksd xhrka sdh fo' ks"krk, a%&

eu"; eu dh l q [ k&nq
[ k dh Hkkoukv ka sdk ekS
f[ kd : i esay; c¼ gksuk gh yksd xhr gS A
a
jkt LFkkuh yksd xhrksaesai sM+&i kS / ksadk o.kzu dj i zd f̀r dsl kFk yksxksadk t q Mko i zd V gksrk gS A
a
tS l s%
& fp' eh] i hi uh] t hjk
i ' kq
&i f{k; ksadsekè; e l sfojg.kh efgykv ksausv i usfi z;re dsi kl l a ns'k Hkst sgS
arFkk mu i f{k; ksadks
v i usi fjokj dsl nL; dsl eku ekuk x; k gS A
a
tS l s%
& dq j t ka
] lq
ofV; ksa
] eksfj; ks] fcPNw MksA
jkt LFkku yksd xhrksadh Lora =krk dh ckr ughadh xbZgS A; si fr & i Ruh dsfueZ
a y nkEi R; i zse dsxhr gSA
a
jkt LFkku yksd xhrksaesagekjsyksd fo' okl ksadh eq [ kj v fHkO;fDr gq bZgS
A
a
fofHkUu nsoh nsorkv ksai j fy[ ksx, xhr fujk' k euq "; esaHkh v k' kk dk l a pkj djrsgS a
jkt LFkkuh yksd xhrksaesai k; y dh >a d kj o ryokj dh Va d kj nksuksagh l q
ukbZnsrh gSA
a
l keUrh i fjos'k esa fy[ ksx, jkt LFkku yksd xhrksesaohj bl dh i z/kurk jgrh gS A
a

[116]
yksd nsoh & nsorkv ksadk ; ksxnku
& l ekt l q
/ kj