MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

D.Y.Patil Polytechnic, Ambi (0996)

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2019 - 20

Programme Name and Code: Academic Year : 2019-20

Course Name and Code: ME-6I Semester : Sixth

A STYDY ON
Importance of Aerodynamic Aspect
__________________________________________________________________________________________

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in 2019 - 2020 by the group of 1 students
Sr. Roll No Full name of Student Enrollment Seat No
No (Sem-VI) No (Sem-VI)
1 06 Mruganesh Sanjay Sonar 1709960148

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Mr.S. S.Badgujar
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Mruganesh Sanjay Sonar Roll No: 06 of sixth Semester of
Diploma Programme in MECHANICAL Engineering & Technology at 0996 – D.Y.Patil
Polytechnic, Ambi has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject Automobile
Engineering in the academic year 2019 - 2020 as prescribed in the MSBTE prescribed
curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Ambi Enrollment No : 1709960148

Date - / /2020 Exam Seat No.

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

Seal of Institute
 Index

Sr. No Title Page No

1 Abstract and Introduction 1

2 Main Body / Content 2-4

3 Conclusion / Learning Outcomes 5

4 Literature Review and References 6

5 Weekly Work / Progress Report 7

6 Evaluation Sheet 8
PROJECT ABSTRACT

Aerodynamics :

Aerodynamic is the study of motion of air, particularly as interaction with a solid object, such as an
airplane wing. It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics
theory are common to these fields.
 02.

CONTENT / MAIN BODY :

1) The Benefits of Aerodynamics

Airflow has always played a part in vehicle performance but never more so than today

The art of aerodynamics has come a long way in recent years. Decades ago, developers would just stick
wings on rear ends and see what happened. Today the process is far more complex. aerodynamic
engineering involves countless hours of wind-tunnel testing and advanced computer simulations. But if
aerodynamics is now so advanced, why are there still cars like the Honda Civic Type R, covered in gaudy
adornments, when others such as Ferrari's 488 GTB don't feature anything nearly as obvious?

2)Getting Down with the Force

To understand how aero works, look to the skies. The same principles that keep aircraft aloft are used
to stick cars to the ground. The curved profile of an airplane's wing deflects airflow, forcing some air
over the top and some under the bottom. Because the top surface curves more, the air has to travel
farther and therefore faster than the air going underneath. According to Bernoulli's principle — invoked
in Swiss physicist and mathematician Daniel Bernoulli's 1738 book, "Hydrodynamica" — air traveling at
a fast speed has a lower pressure than slower-moving air. This pressure difference means the wing is
pushed upward, producing lift and keeping an airplane in the sky.

Turn the wing upside down, and the same principles push a car harder into the asphalt, giving more grip.
The most common example of this is downforce generated by the humble fixed wing. Using the same
simulation tools that top manufacturers use to design their cars, we can illustrate how a wing makes
downforce.

In this two-dimensional computational fluid-dynamics simulation, the blue area underneath the wing
shows Bernoulli's principle at play. The faster-moving air creates a low-pressure zone, forcing the wing
down. However, before you bolt a wing to your car, take a minute to consider the red area on the wing's
leading edge. Unfortunately, all of this downforce comes with aerodynamic drag.

Manufacturers often quote their cars' drag performance using a metric called the drag coefficient, or Cd
for short. The lower this number, the more easily the car slips through the air. It's important because there
is a relationship between speed and drag: The faster you go, the harder the air pushes on your car,
squared. This is one of the reasons why the new Bugatti Chiron has 300 hp more than its predecessor, the
Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse, but can only manage 6 mph more in top speed.

3) Winging It
Manufacturers use countless aerodynamic control surfaces to create downforce, and we would need to
write an aerodynamic bible in order to cover them all, so for now we'll stick to the most well-known: the
fixed wing.The fixed wing's first automotive use stretches back to the 1920s with the Fritz von Opel
RAK 2. This speed-record machine used 24 rockets to reach 147.8 mph. Learning directly from the folks
in the aeronautical industry, Opel added two upturned airfoils to the sides of the RAK 2 to keep the
vehicle from lifting off the ground.It took until the late 1960s to see the first appearance of the more
conventionally mounted, fixed rear wing courtesy of Colin Chapman and his successful Formula 1
chassis, the Lotus 49. Midway through the 1968 F1 championship, Chapman bolted an expansive rear
wing directly to the rear suspension, above the engine and driver to reach clean air — in other words to
move it out of the aerodynamic wake produced by cars running ahead of it on the track. This initially
gave Lotus a vastly superior competitive edge, but it was soon banned due to a collection of serious
crashes.

4) Active Aerodynamics
Convention dictates any part that generates downforce will have some drag associated with it. So how to
achieve the holy grail of aero, to have downforce in the corners and no extra drag in a straight line? This
is where active aero comes into play.

Active aero is any aerodynamic control surface that provides the best of both worlds. For straight-line
speed, a wing can either retreat into the bodywork — minimizing drag — or extend to give downforce in
the corners. A great example of this is the McLaren P1's active rear wing. When minimal drag is ideal
and at low speeds, the wing sits flush with the rear bodywork; at higher speeds, it is lifted via two
hydraulic struts, generating downforce. In Race mode, like with the new Ford GT, the wing reaches its
highest position and most aggressive angle of attack, forcing the P1 into the ground for extreme lateral
grip. The wing also folds forward dramatically under heavy braking to provide an airbrake effect.

Probably the first instance we can find of this type of tech is on the 1966 Chaparral 2E. This race car used
a large rear wing that could be augmented to offer more or less downforce when needed. Nissan took this
type of tech one step further two years later with its grand prix-winning R381 chassis. Nissan split the
rear wing left to right to offer different levels of downforce for the inside or outside wheel.
Conclusion / Learning Outcomes

1. Define physical charfacteristics of air and atmosphere.

2. Define basic aerodynamic forces acting on an aircraftList the factors affecting aerodynamic
forces.
3. Define geometric characteristics of airfoil and wing.
4. Define aerodynamic devices on an aircraft.

04.
Literature Review and References :

1. https://www.anadolu.edu.tr/en/academics/faculties/course/85482/aerodynamics/learning-
outcomes
2. https://www.automobilemag.com/news/benefits-of-aerodynamics/
 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
05.
Details of 16 Engagement Hours of the Student
Regarding Completion of the Project

Timing
Week Sign of
Date Duration Work or activity Performed
No. From To the Guide
in hours
Discussion and Finalization of the
1 One hour
Project Title
Two Preparation and Submission of
2
hours Abstracts
Two
3 Literature Review
hours
Two
4 Collection of Data
hours
Two
5 Collection of Data
hours

6 One hour Discussion and Outline of Content

7 Two hour Rough Writing of the Projects Contents

Editing and Proof Reading of the

8 One hour
Contents

9 Two hour Final Completion of the Project

Seminar Presentation, viva-vice,

10 One hour Assessment and Submission of Report

.
06.
 ANEEXURE II

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2019 - 20 Name of the Faculty: Mr. S.S.Badgujar

Course: ME6I Course code:. Semester: VI
Title of the project: Importance of aerodynamic aspects
Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project
(a) Practical outcome: .
(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:
(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4for

performance in performance in
Roll No Student Name group activity oral/ presentation Total out of 10
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
06 Mruganesh Sanjay Sonar

(Signature of Faculty)

07.