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The Gastrocnemius should be trained with the leg straight and knees locked on calf
machines such as the Standing Calf Raise and Toe Press on Leg Press Machine. When the
legs are straight, the Soleus has a lesser influence in the calf raise motion than the
Gastrocnemius.
Therefore, for proper stimulation and isolation of the Soleus, you should perform your calf
raises with your legs bent, preferably at about 90 degrees. The best machine for training the
Soleus is the Seated Calf Raise.
To completely train the whole calf muscle group, you should train the Gastrocnemius AND the
Soleus by employing two different exercises – a straight leg calf raise AND a bent leg calf
raise.
The Gastrocnemius has approximately a 50% Type I – Slow Twitch muscle fiber and 50%
Type II – Fast Twitch muscle fiber. The Soleus is about 80-90% Type I fiber with the
remaining being Type II.
The Type I fiber is a smaller diameter muscle fiber and does not generate a lot of force.
However, it’s capable of high endurance. The larger Type II fiber fatigues fast, but is capable
of generating large forces and/or high speeds.
Many bodybuilders perform their calf exercises only in the 8-20 repetition range. This is a
mistake because to optimally develop both muscle fibers, you need to train in two different
repetition ranges.
Solution:
For the Gastrocnemius muscle training, half of your training should be in the 8-20 repetition
range to stimulate and develop the Type II muscle fibers and the other half should be in the
20-100 repetition range to develop the Type I fibers.
For Soleus training, your efforts will be better spent training in the 20-100 repetition range to
stimulate and grow the predominate Type I fibers.
So, for more success in building bigger calves, don’t make the two mistakes listed above.
Select the proper exercise and utilize the appropriate repetition ranges for each of the two calf
muscles.