Anaesthetic Machine

The anaesthetic machine (UK English) or anesthesia machine (US English) orBoyle's

machine is used independently by physician anaesthesiologists and nurse
anaesthetists. Anaesthesiologist assistants also use anesthesia machines under the
direct supervision of physician anesthesiologists. Anesthesia machines are used to
support the administration of anaesthesia. The most common type of anaesthetic
machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine,
which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such
as oxygen and nitrous oxide), mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic
vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow.
Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient monitoring devices.

Components of a typical machine

A modern anaesthesia machine includes the following components:

 Connections to piped hospital oxygen, medical air, and nitrous oxide.

 Reserve gas cylinders of oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide attached via a specific
yoke with aBodok seal.
 A high-flow oxygen flush which provides pure oxygen at 30-75 litres/minute.
 Pressure gauges, regulators and 'pop-off' valves, to protect the machine
components and patient from high-pressure gases.
 Flow meters (rotameters) for oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide, low Flow meters
oxygen nitrous oxide.
 Updated vaporizers to provide accurate dosage control when using volatile
anaesthetics such as isoflurane and sevoflurane.
 An integrated ventilator to properly ventilate the patient during administration of
anaesthesia.
 A manual ventilation bag in combination with an Adjustable Pressure Limiting
(APL) valve.
 Systems for monitoring the gases being administered to, and exhaled by the
patient.
 Systems for monitoring the patient's heart rate, ECG, blood pressure and oxygen
saturation, in some cases with additional options for monitoring end-tidal carbon
dioxide and temperature.
 breathing circuits, circle attachment, or a Bain's breathing system.
Function of Anaesthesia Machine
The machine performs four essential functions:

1. Provides O2,
2. Accurately mixes anaesthetic gases and vapours.
3. Enables patient ventilation and
4. Minimises anaesthesia related risks to patients and staff.

Safety features of modern machines

Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps, the modern anaesthetic machine
incorporates several safety devices, including:

 an oxygen failure alarm (a.k.a. 'Oxygen Failure Warning Device' or OFWD). In older
machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle which sounds when oxygen
pressure is 38 psi descending. Newer machines have an electronic sensor.
 Nitrous cut-off or oxygen failure protection device, OFPD: the flow of medical nitrous-
oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure. This is done at the regulator level. In essence, the
nitrous-oxide regulator is a 'slave' of the oxygen regulator. i.e., if oxygen pressure is lost
then the other gases can not flow past their regulator
 hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures
which contain less than 21-25% oxygen being delivered to the patient. In modern machines
it is impossible to deliver 100% nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to
breathe. Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should
attempt to deliver 100% nitrous oxide. Ratio controllers usually operate on the pneumatic
principle or are chain linked (link 25 system). Both are located on the rotameter assembly,
unless electronically controlled.
 ventilator alarms, which warn of low or high airway pressures.
 interlocks between the vaporizers preventing inadvertent administration of more than
one volatile agent concurrently
 alarms on all the above physiological monitors
 the Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being accidentally connected to the
wrong yoke
 the NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) or Diameter Index Safety System, DISS
system for pipeline gases, which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally
connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
 pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors, which
prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket.
 OTHER MANUFACTURERS AND THEIR
MODELS
Comp Model Specification
any
DATEX OHMEDA Double Flowmeter Tubes (O2 & N2O)
Flowmeter Protection Shield
MODULUS II Link-25 Hypoxic Guard
Touch-Coded Oxygen Knob


OHMEDA 
Optional fresh gas flow compensation
Minimum O2 flow of 50 mL
AESTIVA/5  Dual air flow tube for low flow resolution
 Smart alarms direct users to specific
problems and affected parameters to help
enhance patient safety
 Smaller footprint and lower overall height

OHMEDA The Aestiva 3000's Smart Vent ventilator has both

pressure and volume control modes, which makes it useful
AESTIVA 3000 for a broader range of patients than most anesthesia
machines can accommodate, including neonates, trauma
and compromised patients, as well as routine cases.
SmartVent's gas compensation system .

OHMEDA GE Portable and SL-MRI Integrated

ADUS/5
 It’s design, based on your needs and expertise, is fully
OHMEDA integrated into the workstation. Integrated electronics
ASPIRE detect complete engagement or disengagement of the
ABS™ while fewer parts and connections reduce the
potential for leaks and misconnects, providing greater
patient safety.

OHMEDA Accommodates 3 gases and 2 vaporizers

Powerful ventilation and monitoring
EXCEL 210 capabilities for secondary anesthetizing
 locations.

GPC GPCS400 Portable Anaesthesia Machine

 GPCS408 Emergency Oxygen flush valve at table level to

give 35-60 ltrs/min for emergencies
High efficiency regulators for reliability, one each
for O2 & N2o

 GPCS404 op tray provided at eye level for monitoring

equipments
Hook for breathing circuit

Wipe clean stainless steel top

Convenient mounting of circle absorber

 GPCS402 mergency drug tray fitted at convenient

placeUnitised rota meter block for oxygen & nitrous oxide
with fine adjustment controls & colour   coated knob and
luminous back plate. Oxygen flow meter calibrated from
100cc/min to 10 ltrs./ Minute & Nitrous oxide flow meter
from 200cc/mm to 12 liters/min 
One gold mantype vaporizer for halothene, 
provision to mount three vaporizer at a time.

 GPCS406 uitable drawer for keeping anaesthesia

kit/accessories
Extended platform at rear for one 10 ltrs. (Water
capacity) cylinder
Small roller bearings, antistatic castors, for easy
mobility and brakes

GPCS410 One gold man type vaporizer for holothene

Non return cum emergency oxygen unit with blow

off valve in circuit ensures that pressure does not build-up
beyond 200cm. water column & minimises risk of back
flow of gases.
Cylinder yokes: Pin indexed yokes one each of
oxygen & nitrous oxide 50mm diameter, colour coded
gauges fitted at convenient angle for better visibility &
clarity.