GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad.

VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, CHANDKHEDA.

A Report On

WASTE SEPERATION SYSTEM

Under Subject Of

DESIGN ENGINEERING-2B
B.E. SEMESTER – 6th
Sr. Name of Student Enrollment No.
1 HIMANSHU JADAV 150170117020

2 NIRAL MISTRY 150170117030

3 KRUNAL PATEL 150170117039

4 AKSHESH PRAJPATI 150170117046

Prof. Mehul Shah

(Faculty Guide)

Dr. MANISH THAKKER

(Head of the Department)

(ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019)

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 VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHANDKHEDA - AHMEDABAD

(DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING)

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. HIMANSHU JADAV with Enrollment no. 150170117020 has
completed the dissertation entitled “WASTE SEPERATION SYSTEM” has been carried
out under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING (5th Semester) of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year.

DATE:

Dr. Manish Thakker Prof. M.k.Shah

(Head of Dept.) (Project Guide)

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 VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHANDKHEDA - AHMEDABAD

(DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING)

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. NIRAL MISTRY with Enrollment no.150170117030 has completed
the dissertation entitled “WASTE SEPERATION SYSTEM” has been carried out under my
guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in INSTRUMENTATION
AND CONTROL ENGINEERING (5th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad during the academic year.

DATE:

Dr. Manish Thakker Prof. M.K. Shah

( Head of Dept. ) ( Project Guide )

3
 VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHANDKHEDA - AHMEDABAD

(DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING)

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. KRUNAL PATEL with Enrollment no. 150170117039 has
completed the dissertation entitled “WASTE SEPERATION SYSTEM” has been carried
out under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING (5th Semester) of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year.

DATE:

Dr. Manish Thakker Prof. M.K. Shah

( Head of Dept. ) ( Project Guide )

4
 VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHANDKHEDA - AHMEDABAD

(DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING)

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. AKSHESH PRAJAPATI with Enrollment no. 150170117046 has
completed the dissertation entitled “WASTE SEPERATION SYSTEM” has been carried
out under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING (5th Semester) of Gujarat
Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year.

DATE:

Dr. Manish Thakker Prof. M.K. Shah

( Head of Dept. ) ( Project Guide )

5
ABSTRACT

Solid Waste management is one among the basic essential Services Provided by municipal
authorities in the country to keep urban centers clean. However, it is among the most poorly
rendered Services in the basket. The systems applied are unscientific, outdated and inefficient;
population coverage is low; and the poor are marginalized. Waste is littered all over leading to
insanitary living conditions. Municipal laws governing the urban local bodies to do not adequate
provisions to deal effectively with the ever growing problem of solid waste management. With
rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical.

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INDEX:

CH 1 Introduction 8

CH 2 AEIOU Summary 11

CH 3 Mind Map 12

CH 4 Empathy Mapping 13

CH 5 Ideation Canvas 16

CH 6 Product Development Canvas 18

CH 7 Feedback Analysis 21

CH 8 Summary 21

CH 9 LNM Matrix 22

CH10 Prototype model 23

CH11 Literature Review 24

CH 12 Hardware and software components used 27

CH13 Detail Working Of Product 28

Conclusion 28
CH14

Reference
CH15 28

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INTRODUCTION

Our group has four members whose name are,

Himanshu Jadav,
Niral Mistry,
Krunal Patel,
Akshesh Prajapati,

DESIGN THINKING: - refers to design specific cognitive activities that designers apply
during the process of designing.

Unlike “analytical thinking”, design thinking is a process which includes the “building up” of
ideas, with few, or no, limits on breadth during a “brainstorming” phase.

This helps reduce fear of failure in the participants and encourages input and participation from a
wide variety of sources in the ideation phases.

The phrase “thinking outside the box” has been coined to describe one goal of the brainstorming
phase and is encouraged, since this can aid in the discovery of hidden elements and discovering
potentially faulty assumptions.

Design Thinking incorporates constituent or consumer insights in depth and rapid prototyping, all
aimed at getting beyond the assumptions that block effective solutions.

Design Thinking – inherently optimistic, constructive, and experimental

Addresses the needs of the people who will consume a product or service and the infrastructure
that enables it.

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AEIOU SUMMARY
The pros and cons of our domain which we came across while analysing and having a keen
observation about our domain are as follows: -

ACTIVITIES:

The activities which are primarily involved in public places are listed below,

1) Interacting
2) Truck were being emptied
3) Cleaning
4) Separation
5) Murmuring
6) Workers were taking rest
7) Wandering
8) Transporting
9) Chewing waste
10) Burning of waste
11) Normal talking

ENVIRONMENT:

The following kind of environment was observed around the public places by us: -

1) Noisy
2) Noxious
3) Sunny
4) Smoky
5) Humidity
6) Fusty
7) Incautious
8) Gamy
9) Unpleasant smell

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INTERACTION:

The people who usually interact with each other in public places are listed below: -

1) Common people
2) Driver (waste collecting)
3) Workers (separating the waste)
4) Manager of waste management committee
5) Brts stop (people, guide)
6) Faculty
7) AMC
8) Other students
9) Shopkeepers (having shop near dumping station)
10) People living near dumping area
11) Children of workers

OBJECTS:

The basic objects which are primarily a part of public places are as follows: -

1) Metal
2) Electrical waste
3) Wood
4) Different types of plastic
5) Glass
6) Paper
7) BIO degradable waste
8) JCB Machine
9) Rubber
10) Polymer
11) Crain
12) Gate
13) Pouchy
14) Huge dustbins
15) Waste container

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USERS:

The following people are most frequent users of public places: -

1) People Collecting the waste

2) Driver of waste collecting truck
3) Watchman
4) Workers who were separating the waste
5) Junk collector
6) Municipal corporation staff
7) Manager of cleaning Committee
8) Animals (cow, buffalo, dogs)
9) Glass industry
10) Metal industry
11) Poor people

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MIND MAP

Understanding the problem of society is one of the biggest challenges for

engineering student as till now they were making project on imaginary ideas. So, the day session
was based on understanding the domains of the problem in broader sense which emphasised on
interacting with the people of your domain area which included more of casual talk rather than
technical session.
It focused on making people comfortable in discussing their problem with our students.
And this activity was named as Story Boarding canvas or Empathy canvas. Here we would like to
explain the aspects of this canvas with the help of the example taken up by our team.

DOMAIN:

The domain which we have opted for analysis and designing is “DUMPING
STATION”. In this domain we have done our prime study.

For this we travelled in bus and had our experience at dumping place near RANIP
AHMEDABAD. We also interacted with the people living near dumping place, shopkeepers,
BRTS People (as guide of route) etc.

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EMPATHY MAPPING

USER:

1) People Collecting the waste

2) Driver of waste collecting truck
3) Watchman
4) Workers who were separating the waste
5) Junk collector
6) Municipal corporation staff
7) Manager of cleaning Committee
8) Animals (cow, buffalo, dogs)
9) Glass industry
10) Metal industry
11) Poor people

STAKEHOLDERS:

1) Government
2) Automobile industries (providing truck and machines)
3) Municipal Corporation
4) Junk collectors
5) All type of process industries
6) Recycle industries

ACTIVITIES:

1) Interacting
2) Truck were being emptied
3) Cleaning
4) Separation
5) Murmuring
6) Workers were taking rest
7) Wandering
8) Transporting
9) Chewing waste
10) Burning of waste
11) Normal talking

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STORY BOARDING:

HAPPY:
Once , he In Industries area, all waste of industries, home waste, medical waste including
bio-degradable and non-bio degradable are shifted to particular area far from society. Because of
this society, industries and other places looking clean. All people feel proud that they are living in
clean and developed area.

HAPPY:

One day we are at andhajan Mandal. suddenly we saw a person's helping blind people of
blind association. He crossed the road then buy a ticket and got a bus.

SAD:

One day when we were near to dumping station, accidently we saw that a cow was eating
vegetable from waste but it was not purely vegetables it was non-biodegradable plastic.

SAD:

Generally, we are used to travel by BRTS. From NR PATEL park to VADAJ (AMTS
Stop) there were many plastic waste, food and other types of waste and not only near road but also
near gates and around of society area. Because of this waste atmosphere became noxious and
gamy.

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15
IDEATION CANVAS

After getting to know the users and their activities, the next step was to know problems. But to do
that we had to come up with possible contexts, situations and locations of the activities. Because
only after discussing the various possibilities of how several activities need to be done, can we
find out the activities that are for the mfg. of fog light.

PEOPLE:

1) Truck Driver
2) Workers
3) poor people
4) Watchman
5) Member of AMC
6) People collection the waste
7) Manager of cleaning committee
8) manager of industries
9) People living near dumping station
10) Ticket collector at BRTS stop

ACTIVITIES:

1) Workers were taking rest

2) Wandering
3) Transporting
4) Chewing waste
5) Burning of waste
6) Normal talking
7) Interacting
8) Truck were being emptied
9) Cleaning
10) Separation
11) Murmuring

SITUATION / CONTEXT / LOCATION:

1) Collection of pouchy
2) Mass of waste
3) Burning of waste
4) Noxious waste
5) Open area
6) Collection waste by junk collector
7) lifting waste by job
8) Arrangement of huge dustbins

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PROPS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:

1) Reduce land pollution

2) Refuse Noxious environment
3) Separate all type of materials from waste
4) Earn money from waste
5) To make easy and automatic waste management system
6) Refuse air pollution
7) Use bio degradable waste at bio-gas plant
8) Reuse of plastic, metal and other waste

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

PURPOSE:

1) Reduce labour work

2) To make easy and automatic waste management system
3) Separate different types of waste
4) to make waste helpful
5) Reduce pollution
6) Refuse Noxious environment
7) Help Government in clean India
8) Recycle plastic, metal and other materials

PEOPLE:

1) Truck Driver
2) Workers
3) poor people
4) Watchman
5) Member of AMC
6) People collection the waste
7) Manager of cleaning committee
8) manager of industries
9) People living near dumping station
10) Ticket collector at BRTS stop

PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:

1) Better than other separation system

2) Safe & secure
3) Accurate
4) Costly

PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:

1) Automatic
2) Multitasking
3) Separate various material from waste

PRODUCT FEATURES:

1)Reduce labour work

2)Reduce land pollution
3) Reduce air pollution
4) Environment friendly
5)Save time

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COMPONENTS:

1) Micro controller
2) Infrared sensor
3) Capacitive sensor
4) Pick & press robot
5) Fibre optic sensor
6) Metal shaft
7) Screw bolt
8) Ultrasonic sensors

CUSTOMER REVALIDATION:

1) Reducing pollution
2) Costly
3) Not 100%accurate
4) Help us in clean India mission
5) Proper sensors require
6) Safe & secure

REJECTION / REDESIGN / RETAIN:

1) small range of capacitor sensor

2) can’t separate all type of plastic perfectly

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FEEDBACK ANALYSIS
Feedback occurs when an environment reacts to an action or behaviour. For example, 'customer
feedback' is the buyers' reaction to a firm's products.
We explain our project and shown the prototype to some people and get the feedback given below.

• Er. Harshit Jadhav: -You are working on good concept but right now you are working on
prototype, when you will work on working model, it can be more challenging and complicated
for you. And it can take more maintenance
• Er. Rajeshree Prajapati: - If you separate the waste in both form wet and dry by putting two
types of dustbin for waste, you can separate the glass, metal, plastic more easily and reduce a
time consumption by your project. IIT GN already have this type of idea and they following this
rule of two dustbins.

SUMMARY

There are many problems related waste India so we choose our domain “DUMPING
STATION” .For finding our domain we visited many places like railway station, bus station BRTS
stop, garden, hospital and many other public places .While we take a visit at dumping station, we
find the many problems about the waste .Then we decided to take a dumping station as our domain
.According to problems we find the solution about separation of waste .Then we decided to take a
waste separation system as our project .After that we find different type of sensors for separation
of metal, glass, paper and plastic and etc .At the end we make a prototype model of our project.

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LNM Matrix

PURPOSE / PRODUCT CONCEPT:

PURPOSE:

1. To separate all type of waste.

2. Reduce labour work
3. To make automatic separation
4. Reduce pollution

PRODUCT CONCEPT:

We have designed a waste separation system having different types of sensors from this sensor we
can detect different types of waste and then we can separate this waste. Thus, we can use waste to
particular needy place.

it reduces the labour work and separate the waste.

TOOLS / METHODS / THEORIES / APPLICATION PROCESS

INVOLVED:

1) Electromagnetic method
2) Dielectric method
3) Reflection method

SOFTWARE / SIMULATION / SKILL / MATHEMATICAL

REQUIREMENT:

1) MAT LAB
2) Controller

APPLICATION STANDARD AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS /

PRINCIPLE AND EXPERIMENTS:

1) Automatic separation of waste

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COMPONENT MATERIAL STRENGTH CRITERIA (EXPLORATION
VARIETIES / TESTING REQUIREMENTS):

1) Different types of sensors

2) controller

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PROTOTYPE MODEL

The prototype model of “WASTE SEPARATION SYSTEM” which we have designed is shown
in the below given picture.

In the prototype model, separation of waste possible. All type of waste gathered to dumping station
then by using waste separation system can reuse the waste if possible and if not possible then by
burning of waste we can use this. separation process is possible by using detectors and sensors.
Thus, we can use the waste in particular way.

So, this is the basic approximation of the prototype model about its working.

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LITERATURE REVIEW:-

1. Introduction
In 2015, each resident of Hong Kong on average generated 2.14 kg of municipal solid waste
per day, more than those places with good waste management practice.1 Household waste is the
largest component of local municipal waste, with an estimated share of 55%. Although the
Government has introduced a number of waste reduction initiatives over the past decade or so,
local households generally do not take much effort to reduce and separate the waste at source,
leaving most of the household waste ending up in landfills and resulting in significant cost to the
local community.2 To address the problem, the Government has recently sought legislative
approval to implement a producer responsibility scheme on waste electrical and electronic
equipment and glass containers in 2017-2018.3 Reportedly, it is also planning to introduce a bill
on mandatory charges on municipal solid waste for implementation in late 2019 at the soonest.

At the meeting of the Panel on Environmental Affairs on 24 October 2016, it was decided to
set up the Subcommittee on Refuse Collection and Resource Recovery ("Subcommittee") to
review local policies on the matter. The Research Office was then requested to study overseas
good practice in separation, collection and recovery of household waste for the reference of
the Subcommittee.4 Three cities namely Taipei, Seoul and Berlin are selected for further study, as
their policies on separation and collection of household waste have effectively reduced the waste
for disposal. This information note

1 In Hong Kong, the daily amount of municipal solid waste generated was 15 629 tonnes in
2015 which wastranslated into a per capita generation rate of 2.14 kg per day, more than
that of 0.96 kg in Japan, 1.33 kgin the United Kingdom and 1.32 kg in Finland.

2 The recurrent expenditure of waste management programme (including collection and

transfer cost) wasHK$2.05 billion in 2014-2015, equivalent to an unit cost of HK$520 per
ton in disposing municipal waste.3 See Environment Bureau (2017).

3 In all the three selected cities as well as Hong Kong, collection and transportation of
commercial andindustrial waste is largely the responsibility of the business firms
concerned, while the collection of household waste is largely the responsibility of local
governments. As such, this study focuses on the collection and recovery of household
waste.

4 presents the relevant findings, along with summary tables on the salient
features of their waste collection systems

2 Observations:
Based on the experience of waste separation and collection in the three selected cities,
the following observations can be made:

(A) Mandatory separation of household waste more effective than

voluntary schemes:
There is legislation on mandatory separation of household waste at source for all three selected
cities. They appear to be more effective in waste separation, recovery and reduction, compared
with voluntary schemes in place beforehand.

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(B)Quantity-based charges on household waste incentivizing waste
reduction:

Waste charging schemes in accordance with PAYT principle have been in place for at least a
decade in all three selected cities. In particular, household waste volume in both Taipei and Seoul
was reduced after implementation of the charging scheme. It is noted that such waste charges are
not meant for full-cost recovery, but to make people think twice before discarding waste. 43 BSR
had a surplus of €12 million (HK$1,236 million) in 2014 and €16 million (HK$1,376 million) in
2015.

(C) Tackling food waste:

Food waste is collected in all three selected cities. For the two Asian cities covered in this study,
there is no collection fee in Taipei, but quantity-based collection charge is required in Seoul. Their
separation and collection policies with respect to food waste are largely effective, slowing its
growth pace and saving landfill space.

(D) Mode and frequency of waste collection:

For all the three selected cities, door-to-door collection of recyclable waste appears to be more
effective, time-saving and convenient than the "bring" mode of collection. Moreover, the distance
between collection facilities and household residences, as well as collection frequency, also affect
the willingness of residents to separate and recycle household waste.

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Here is a quite extra information about waste dump yards and other waste management,
data given to above pic.

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HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

• Dc Motor.
• Inductor coil.
• Metal detector using transistors base circuit / 555Timer base circuit.
• Other components used in below circuit.

SOFTWARE COMPONENT USED :

• MATLAB SIMULATION TOOL

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DESIGN WORKING OF ACTUAL DEVICE

The design is quite hard because there is a separation of all types of solid waste.Mainly the mixture
of waste is passes through vibration type of mechanism and further it introduced to conveyor belt.
Where there is less mixture waste and separation that waste is possible by using different types of
sensors and mechanism(pick and press robot). In current design we have designed metal detector
using Transistor base circuit or 555Timer base circuit. That detect metal from waste passing
through conveyor belt.further it can be separated in different materials.

Conclusion: -
• Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but a social
responsibility of every person.
• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste.
• Try to reduce the waste generation.
• Use recycle products.
• Label with agent, concentration hazard warnings.
• Communicate about workplace hazards.

Reference: -
• Youtube.com
• Zenrobotics.com

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