DAV Chap6 Part1 Jul2009

IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO
CHAPTER 6
VIDEO RECORDING
Part 1
IMD20503 - DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO
OBJECTIVES
• Copyright issues
• Video tape formats
• Hardware and software considerations
• Shooting techniques
2
Copyright Issues
• Alternatives for obtaining video to use in multimedia projects

without the legal hurdles of copyright infringement, or having to
hire a full professional team to record for you:
1. Playback video from video laser discs/CDs/DVDs
• Multimedia programs can play back laser discs and also
modify the order in which video clips are viewed.
2. Purchase royalty-free video files (clip video)
• A number of companies provide royalty-free video files,
which can be incorporated into different components of
your application. Read the agreement included with these
products. Although they are royalty-free, they may not be
copyright-free. Many companies spell out in detail how you
may or may not use these files.
3
Copyright
Issues…cont’d
3. Record your own video.
• This is the surest way to avoid any copyright problems;
however, you must be aware that the location at which you
plan to record may have restrictions regarding privacy.
Also, be aware that persons appearing in your tape have a
right to reject being videotaped, so you must ask first, then
obtain a model’s release from them.
4. You can secure rights releases from people you interview.

• If you interview people or use talent to record testimonials,
make sure that you secure releases of the rights to the
narration.
• Although not a written law, the general tradition is that one can
reproduce up to 10% of a work within the realm of “Fair Use”,
typically for educational, but not commercial, purposes.
4
Videotape
• The information recorded on videotape resides on several

tracks, visual frames, audio signals and a time-code signal.
• On a standard broadcast tape, the smallest area is actually the
video track, with the left and right audio tracks occupying most of
the space.
• An important component of the videotape is the Time Code track.
• The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(SMPTE) developed a standard known as the SMPTE code to
provide synchronization of all tape components.
• This code measures the tape in hours, minutes, seconds and
frames, so the first frame of the active part of a tape will be
00H00M00S01F. (00:00:00:01)
5
Videotape
A schematic diagram of an 1” videotape

6
Videotape
Formats
• Factors in determining the quality of video signal:
– Composite (Consumer), S-video (Prosumer),
Component (Professional)
– The number of horizontal lines of resolution that are
displayed.
• Different video tape formats record and playback
different resolutions.
• It also have different methods of recording the video
signal on the tape.
• Different video formats use different size videotapes
ranging in sizes from 8mm to 1 inch.
7
Videotape
Formats
• Analog videotape is still around even though it is slowly
being replaced by digital signal.
• VHS tape is not going to disappear overnight despite
the DVD technology is growing faster.
• In the professional arena, the industry standard
Betacam SP tape format won’t go away soon.
• Many professional have spent a lot of money investing
in Betacam SP technology and won’t throw away their
expensive equipments and change to digital format.
• Instead, analog and digital videotape format will coexist
in the professional area.
8
Videotape
Formats - Analog
Analog Videotape Formats
Consumer Prosumer Professional
VHS S-VHS Betacam SP
VHS-C Hi-8
8 mm
9
Videotape
Formats - Analog
• Consumer analog tape formats
1. VHS
– Video Home System
– ½ inch wide
– 240 horizontal lines of resolution
– Lowest quality videotape format
– VHS video camera tend to be large, heavy and
awkward.
10
Videotape
Formats - Analog
VCR player
DVD / VCR Combo With Divx
11
Videotape
Formats - Analog
2. VHS-C
– ½ inch wide
– It was designed in a smaller compact form; “C”
– VHS-C was created to allow for smaller, lighter
video cameras.
– Need to use an adapter to play it using regular
VHS VCR.
12
Videotape
Formats - Analog
VHS-C tape
VHS-C Adapter
13
Videotape
Formats - Analog
3. 8 mm(Video 8)
– 8 mm wide
– Higher resolution than VHS.
– Used in smaller video cameras.
– Cannot be playback directly in a VCR.
14
Videotape
Formats - Analog
• Prosumer analog tape formats
1. S-VHS
– Super-VHS
– ½ inch wide
– 420 horizontal lines of resolution and stereo
quality audio.
15
Videotape
Formats - Analog
• Prosumer analog tape formats
2. Hi-8 (Analog and Digital)
– 8mm wide
– Same quality with S-VHS but it surpasses in
audio quality ( Hi-Fi PCM stereo audio).
– It uses small, light and easy to handle video
camera.
– Cannot be playback directly in a VCR.
16
17
Formats - Analog
Videotape
Videotape
Formats - Analog
• Professional analog tape formats
1. Betacam SP
– Developed by Sony and uses ½ inch wide
videotape.
– “SP” Æ Superior Performance
– High quality video signal used by broadcast
television stations and video production houses
– Betacam SP cameras, tapes and video decks
are expensive.
18
Videotape
Formats - Analog
Betacam camera
Betacam SP tape
Betacam VTR
19
Videotape
Formats - Digital
• Nowadays, the inexpensive consumer digital videotape
formats rival the picture quality of Betacam SP.
• The digital video standard were developed by 10
prominent electronics companies; Sony, Panasonic,
JVC, Hitachi, Sanyo, Sharp, Mitsubishi, Toshiba,
Philips and Thompson.
• They set the standard for 2 types of digital video:
– SD (Standard Definition-SDTV)
– HD (High Definition – HDTV)
• The standard DV cassette has 482 horizontal lines of
resolution and can record up to 270 minutes.
20
Videotape
Formats - Digital
Digital Videotape Formats
Consumer Prosumer Professional
Mini DV DVCAM Betacam SX
Digital 8 DVCPRO Digital S
DVCPRO 50
Left to right: DVCAM-L, DVCPRO-M, MiniDV
21
Videotape
Formats - Digital
• Consumer digital tape formats
1. Mini-DV
– ¼ inch wide tape
– Most consumer electronics manufacturers such
as Sony. JVC, Panasonic and Canon offers
digital video cameras that use Mini-DV format.
– Can record up to 500 horizontal lines of
resolution.
22
Videotape
Formats - Digital
• Consumer digital tape formats
2. Digital-8
– Sony offers digital video cameras that use the
Digital 8 videotape format.
– It can record on analog Hi-8 or 8mm videotape.
– It is also capable of playing back both Hi-8 and
8 mm tapes.
– Can record up to 500 horizontal lines of
resolution.
23
24
Formats - Digital
Videotape
Videotape
Formats - Digital
• Prosumer digital tape formats
1. DVCM
– ¼ inch wide videotape
– Compatible with standard DV and can be
played back in a standard DV machine.
25
Videotape
Formats - Digital
• Prosumer digital tape formats
2. DVCPRO
– ¼ inch wide videotape
26
Videotape
Formats - Digital
• Professional digital tape formats
1. Betacam SX
– Standard for broadcast video professional
– Same size as Betacam SP using ½ inch tape
format.
– Can record up to 124 minutes
27
28
Formats - Digital
Videotape
Videotape
Formats - Digital
2. Digital-S or D-9
– Use ½ inch tape format
– Can record tapes up to 124 minutes on a single
tape.
– Digital S is capable of playing back S-VHS tape.
– Physically it look like a standard VHS tape on
the outside, a special mechanism prevents it
from being accidentally loaded into a VCR.
29
30
Formats - Digital
Videotape
Videotape
Formats - Digital
3. DVCPRO 50
– Use ¼ inch tape format
31
IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO
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DAV Chap6 Part1 Jul2009

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IMD20503 -DIGITAL AUDIO & VIDEO

• Alternatives for obtaining video to use in multimedia projects

4. You can secure rights releases from people you interview.

• The information recorded on videotape resides on several

A schematic diagram of an 1” videotape

VHS S-VHS Betacam SP

DVD / VCR Combo With Divx

Mini DV DVCAM Betacam SX

Digital 8 DVCPRO Digital S

Left to right: DVCAM-L, DVCPRO-M, MiniDV

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