RANI LAKSHMI BAI CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, JHANSI,

UTTAR PRADESH

ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC:
SUMMARISATION OF
SOIL NUTRIENTS
INTO TABULAR FORM

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. SUSHEEL KUMAR SINGH SHALINI SHUKLA (Ag/063/17)
 ROLE DEFICIENCY TOXICITY ABSORBE CONCENTRATIO DISCOVE YEAR
SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS D AS/IN N IN THE PLANT/ RER OF
THE AVERAGE CONC. DISCO
FORM OF IN PLANTS VERY
N  Component of  Early flowering Delayed maturity NO3- 1-5% (10000- Theodore 1804
amino acids,  Lower protein Increases NH4+ 50000ppm) de
proteins, content succulency 1.5% Saussure
nucleic acids,  Overall yellow Lodging
porphyrins, green leaves Abortion of
flavins, purines instead of dark flowers
and green
pyrimidines,  Yellowing and
enzymes etc. dropping of
 Improves lower leaves
quality of leafy
vegetables and
fodders
 Improves
protein quality
of food grains

P  Development  Bluish green to Reduce Fe, Mn, H2PO4- 0.1-0.4% (1000- C. 1839
of sugars, ATP Purplish Zn uptake HPO4-- 4000ppm) Sprengel
and nucleic discoloration 0.2%
acids. (due to
 Energy transfer accumulation of
 Nutrient sugars which
movement favors synthesis
within plants of anthocyanin)
 Transfer of  Delayed
genetic maturity
characteristics  Leaf curling
from one  Root rot
generation to diseases
next  Burning of leaf
tips

K  Enzyme  Hidden hunger Reduce uptake of K+ 1-5% C. 1839

activation,  Chlorosis Mg and Ca 1.0% Sprengel
photosynthesis followed by
 Protein scorching and
formation browning of
 Sugar transport tips
 Crop quality  Chlorosis from
 Disease margin towards
resistance base and
 Stomata necrosis
opening and  Rolling of leaf
closing edge
 Leaf burn
(scorching) at
margins
 Excessive
tillering in small
crops
 Reduced Stalk
strength, disease
resistance and
winter hardiness
 sugar
accumulation in
tubers affected
 seeds and fruits-
shriveled
Ca  Cell wall  Less than Ca+2 0.2-1% C. 1839
construction 0.1%(1000ppm) 0.5% Sprengel
 Growth of  Distorted young
meristems leaves and turn
 Functioning of dark green
root tips  Withering of
 Maintain the leaf tips
chromosome  Poor
structure germination
 Cupping,
crinkling of
leaves

Mg  Chlorophyll  Interveinal Mg+2 0.1-0.4% C. 1839

 Enzyme chlorosis 0.2% Sprengel
activation  (Leaf margins-
 Uptake and yellow or
transport of P reddish-purple
 Movement of  Midrib green)
sugars  Older leaf turn
 Cofactor for yellow at edge
ATP leaving a green
production arrowhead
shape.
 Grass tetany in
animals (wheat
forage)
 Stiff and brittle
leaf in tuber
crops
S  Constituent of  Resemble with SO4-2 0.1-0.4% Sachs and 1860
amino acids N and Mo 0.1% Knop
and proteins deficiency
 Metabolic  No
activities of characteristic
vitamins like, spot or stripes.
biotin, thiamine  Plant-spindly
and coenzyme and small
A  Stem- thin
 Oil quality (oil  Puckering in
seed crops) older leaves
with inward
raised areas
between veins
 Orange- reddish
tints on older
foliage
Cu  Chlorophyll  SILVERY 20-100ppm Cu+2 5-30 ppm A.L. 1931
synthesis LEAF Displace Fe 6ppm Sommer,
 Respiration  White tips, C.P.
 Protein reclamation Lipman
synthesis disease, and G.
necrosis, leaf McKinne
distortion, die- y
back
 Melanosis
(brown
discoloration)
 Male flower’s
sterility
 Prone to
diseases
especially ergot
 Similar to Zn-
reduced
reproductive
efficiency in
cattle.
Fe  Plant  Interveinal Tiny brown spots Fe+2 100-500ppm E Gris 1843
respiration chlorosis with appear on lower 100ppm
 Chlorophyll sharp distinction leaves of rice
synthesis between veins (from tip to base)
 Nucleic acid and chlorotic Entire leaf turn
and metabolism areas in young purplish brown
 Enzyme leaves
activation

Zn  Growth  Less than Occurs on very Zn+2 27-150ppm A.L. 1926

hormone 15ppm saline soils, 20ppm Sommer,
production  Stripping Fe deficiency, C.P.
 Internode  Mottling Leaves- dark Lipman
elongation  Severe- gray- green, chlorosis
 Translocation white leaves Reduction in root
and transport (prematurely growth and leaf
of P fall and die) expansion
 Poor flowering
and seed set
 Patchy
appearance
 Reduce
reproductive
efficiency in
cattle.
 Terminal leaves
– rosetted.
Mn  Role in TCA  Less than 25 Blackish-brown Mn+2 20-300ppm J.S 1922
cycle ppm or red spots on 20ppm McHargu
 Constituent of  Interveinal older leaves e
superoxide- chlorosis(dicots) Tillering is
dismutase but no sharp limited
 Component of distinction Stunting of
water splitting between veins plants
enzyme in PS- and chlorotic Occurs in
II areas lowland rice
 FRIZZLE
TOP (palm
fronds are
deformed and
stunted)
 Dead spots and
patches
(monocots)
Cl  Osmoregulation  Wilting at leaf Cl- 100-500ppm T.C. 1954
 Co-factor in margins 100ppm Broyer,
Mn containing  Curling of A.B.
water splitting leaflets Carlton,
enzyme of PS-  Highly C.M.
II branched root Johnson,
 Improve symptoms P.R. Stout
nutritional  Similar to Mn
quality in deficiency
vegetables
Mo  Enzyme  Chlorotic Toxic to MoO4-2 0.1-2ppm D.I. 1939
activity mottling livestock 0.1ppm Arnon,
 Biological between veins P.R. Stout
nitrogen  Scorched,
fixation (BNF) rolled, cupped
 Protein leaves
biosynthesis  Leaves- thick
 Pollen viability and brittle and
 Anther wither(leaving
formation only midrib)
B  Cell wall  Discoloration Chlorosis H3BO3 10-200ppm K. 1923
formation and and death of followed by H2BO3- 20ppm Waringto
reproductive terminal bud necrosis (from HBO3-2 n
tissue  Dark brown, leaf tip and BO3-3
 Imparts drought irregular margin towards
tolerance lesions (leaf midrib)
 Pollen necrosis) Large, dark
germination  Whitish leaf brown elliptical
 Ion uptake spot at leaf base spots

Transport of K+  Low sugar
accumulation
 Root rot
 Shortened
internode
(bushy/rosette)
Ni  Seed  Decrease in Fe deficiency Ni+2 0.1-10ppm P.H. 1987
germination amino acid 0.1ppm Brown,
 N metabolism content, R.M.
in legumes  Accumulation Welch,
 component in of nitrates. E.E. Cary
urease

BRIEF KEY TO NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS(FINCK,1992)

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

SYMPTOMS APPEARING FIRST ON OLDER LEAVES

N  Chlorosis starting from leaf tips

P  Reddish color on green leaves or stem

K  Necrosis on leaf margins

Mg  Chlorosis between veins

Mn  Brownish, greyish, whitish spots (cereals)

SYMPTOMS APPEARING FIRST ON YOUNGER LEAVES

S  Mottled yellow-green leaves with yellowish veins

Fe  Mottled yellow-green leaves with green veins

Mn  Brownish black spots (legumes, potatoes)

Cu  Youngest leaf has white tip

B  Youngest leaf is brownish or dead (sugar beet)

APPROXIMATE CONCENTRATION OF NUTRIENTS IN MATURE LEAF TISSUES OF VARIOUS CROP PLANTS

NUTRIENT DEFICIENT SUFFICIENT/NORMAL TOXIC

N 1-5
P 0.1-0.4
K 1-5
Ca 0.2-1.0
Mg 0.1-0.4
S 0.1-0.4
Fe <50 100-500 >500
Mn 15-25 20-300 300-500
Zn 10-20 27-150 100-400
Cu 2-5 5-30 200-100
B 5-30 10-20 50-200
Mo 0.03-0.15 0.1-2 >100
Cl <100 100-500 500-1000
Ni <0.1

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

NUTRIENT DIFICIENCY DISEASES

Ca  Blossom End Rot in tomatoes
 Bitter pit in apples
Mg  Grass tetany
Fe  Green mottling of citrus
Mn  Grey speck of oats
 Speckled yellow of sugar beet
 Marsh spots of peas
 White spot of wheat
 Brown spot of barley
 Pahala blight of sugar cane
 Frenching of Tung trees
Mo  Whiptail of cauliflower
Zn  Khaira in rice
 White bud of maize
 Mottle leaf (little leaf) or Frenching of citrus
 Little leaf of cotton

K  Cotton rust
 Little leaf spot of alfalfa
B  Black tip of mango
 Heart rot of sugar beet
 Hard fruit of citrus
 Die back of apple
Cu  Dieback of citrus
 Wither tip of apple
 KEY POINTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

MOBILE NUTRIENTS

OLDER OR LOWER LEAVES AFFECTED NO

YES

EFFECTS MOSTLY GENERALISED; PLANTS DARK OR NO

EFFECTS MOSTLY LOCALISED; CHLOROSIS WITH OR
LIGHT GREEN WITHOUT SPOTTING

YES YES

CHLOROSIS WITH INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS; LEAVES

PLANTS DARK GREEN, OFTEN DEVELOPING PURPLE SOMETIMES RED OR WITH DEAD SPOTS
OR RED COLOR
YES
NO
YES
NO MAGNESIUM
PHOSPHORUS
NO INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS; CHLOROTIC
PLANTS LIGHT GREEN WITH LEAVES LIGHT GREEN OR YELLOW; AREAS WITH BURNING OF LEAF MARGINS;
NO NECROTIC SPOTTING SPOTTING SOMETIMES ALONG LEAF MARGINS

YES YES
NO
NO
NITROGEN POTASSIUM

PLANTS LIGHT GREEN; NECROTIC SPOTTING ON LEAVES; NO INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS, DISTINCT NECROTIC AND
PALE LEAVESSOMETIMES SCORCHED, CUPPED OR ROLLED CHLOROTIC LESIONS WITH ABRUPT BOUNDRY BETWEEN
DEAD AND LIVE TISSUE

YES
YES
MOLYBDENUM

CHLORIDE
 IMMOBILE NUTRIENTS
NEWER OR YOUNGER LEAVES AFFECTED;
SYMPTOMS LOCALIZED

YES
NO
REMAINS ALIVE
GROWING POINT DIES

YES
YES
NO
CHLOROSIS YOUNG LEAVES WITH INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS
YOUNG LEAVES OF TERMINAL BUD
WITHOUT
BECOME LIGHT GREEN AT BASES;
INTERVEINAL YES
LEAVES BECOME TWISTED AND BRITTLE
CHLOROSIS
AND FIEBACK AT GROWING POINT;
CHLORSIS OF YOUNG LEAVES SHARP DISTINCTION BETWEEN
YES
VEINS AND CHLOROTIC AREAS
YES
NO YOUNG LEAVES LIGHT GREEN; YES
NO
BORON TYPICALLY, NO CHLOROTIC
SPOTTING OR STRIPING IRON

YOUNG LEAVES OF TERMINAL BUDS NO

NO SHARP DISTINCTION
TYPICALLY HOOKED AT FIRST, FINALLY YES
NO BETWEEN VEINS AND CHLOROTIC
TURNING BROWN AND DYING BACK
AREAS; SPOTTY APPEARANCE
YES SULPHUR
YES
CALCIUM CHLOROSIS OF YOUNG LEAVES, TIPS APPEAR
WITHERED AND WILL EVENTUALLY DIE.
MANGANESE

YES MIDDLE LEAVES WITH

INTERVEINAL CHLOROSIS;
STUNTED GROWTH

YES

COPPER
ZINC
 REFERENCES

 FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE- INDIAN SOCIETY OF SOIL SCIENCE

 PRINCIPLES OF AGRONOMY- REDDY AND REDDY
 Landresouces.montana.edu (nutrient management module no.9 Montana State University)
 https://missouribotanicalgarden.org
 https://extension.arizona.edu
 https://omexcanada.com