Difference Between Annealing and Normalizing Explained in Brief PDF

3/25/2020 difference between annealing and normalizing explained in brief
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di erence between
annealing and
normalizing
explained in brief
https://easymetallurgy.blogspot.com/2018/09/difference-between-annealing-and.html 1/12
3/25/2020
explained in brief difference between annealing and normalizing explained in brief
September 29, 2018
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difference between annealing
and normalizing
Metal heat treatment is a metal workpiece in a

certain medium to heat to the appropriate
temperature, and keep a while in this
temperature, then cooled at different speeds.
Today I'd like to say something about

annealing, normalizing, quenching and
tempering treatments.
1.annealing
The steel is heated to a certain temperature
and kept at this temperature, then slowly
cooled to room temperature

It has complete annealing, spheroidizing
annealing, stress relief annealing
a. The steel is heated to a predetermined

temperature for a period of time, and then
slowly cooled with the furnace called complete
slowly cooled with the furnace called complete
annealing. The purpose is to reduce the

hardness of steel to eliminate uneven steel
structure and internal stress
b. The steel is heated to 750 degrees for a

period of time, then slowly cooled to 500
degrees, and nally cooled in the air, called
ball annealing. The purpose is to reduce the

hardness of steel to improve the cutting
performance, mainly for high carbon steel.
c. Stress relief annealing, also known as low
temperature annealing, the steel is heated to

500 to 600 degrees and keep it for a while,
slow cooled below 300 degrees with furnace
temperature, then cooled with room

temperature. During the annealing process,
the structure does not change, mainly to
eliminate the internal stress of the metal.

2.normalizing
The steel is heated to a critical temperature
above 30-50℃. After a while, the heat

treatment process cooled in the air is called
normalizing.
The main purpose of normalizing is to re ne

the organization, improve the performance of
steel, get close to the balance of the
organization.
Compared normalizing with annealing, the
main difference is the normalizing of the
cooling rate is slightly faster, so the

normalizing heat treatment of the production
cycle is short. So when annealing and
normalizing parts can meet the same

performance requirements, as far as possible
the use of normalizing.
3.quenching
The steel is heated to a temperature above the
critical point(45 steel quenching temperature

of 840-860 ℃, carbon steel tool quenching
temperature of 760 ~ 780 ℃) for a while, then
cooled at the appropriate speed in the water

cooled at the appropriate speed in the water
(oil), in order to obtain martensite or bainite,
which is known as quenching.
Compare quenching with annealing and

normalizing, the main difference is the quick
cooling, the purpose is to obtain martensite.
Martensite is the unbalanced organization

which got from steel after quenching, its
hardness is high, but the plasticity, toughness
is poor. The hardness of martensite increases

with the increase of carbon content of steel.
4.tempering
After steel quenched, and then heated to
below the critical temperature for a while, and

then cooled to room temperature, which is
known as tempering.
Quenched steel generally can not be used

directly, must be used after tempering.
Because the hardening of high hardness,
brittle, direct use often brittle fracture.

Through the tempering can eliminate or
reduce the internal stress, reduce the
brittleness, improve toughness; the other hand

can adjust the mechanical properties of
hardened steel to achieve the performance of
steel. According to the tempering

temperature, tempering can be divided into
low temperature tempering, middle
temperature tempering and high temperature

tempering three.
a. Low temperature tempering 150 ~ 250℃.
Reduce the internal stress, brittleness, to

maintain the high hardness and wear
resistance after quenching.
b. Medium temperature tempering 350 ~

500℃; improve the elasticity, strength.
c. High temperature tempering 500 ~ 650℃;
hardened steel parts tempered in more than

500℃ temperature is known as high
temperature tempering. Quenched steel parts

after high temperature tempering have good
after high temperature tempering, have good
comprehensive mechanical properties (not
only has certain strength, hardness, but also

has certain plasticity, toughness). So the
general carbon steel and carbon alloy steel is
often take high temperature tempering after

quenching.
Quenching + high temperature tempering
called quenching and tempering

treatment(therm
difference between annealing and normalizing
Annealing:
1. Annealing
Heat the steel to a certain temperature and

hold it at this temperature, then slowly cool
down to room temperature.
There are several kinds of annealing, such as
complete annealing, spheroidizing annealing
and stress relieving annealing.
A. Heating the steel to a predetermined

temperature, holding it for a period of time,
then cooling slowly with the furnace, this
process is called complete annealing. The
purpose is to reduce the hardness of the steel
and eliminate the inhomogeneous
microstructure and internal stress in the steel.

B. The steel is heated to 750℃ for a period of
time, slowly cooled to 500 ℃ and nally
cooled in the air, which is called spheroidizing
annealing. The purpose is to reduce the
hardness of the steel and improve its cutting
performance, mainly for high carbon steel.
C. Stress relief annealing is also called low

temperature annealing. The steel is heated to
500-600 ℃ and kept for a period of time,
cooled slowly to below 300 ℃ with the furnace
and then cooled at room temperature.
It is the process of heating a metal in a furnace

above it's recrystallization temperature and
allow it to cool inside the furnace. First the

temperature of the material is raised (say 912
temperature of the material is raised (say 912–
915°C for cast iron or steel). Secondly the
material is soaked in that temperature for few
hours. Third, the temperature is lowered and
the material is allowed to cool inside the
furnace. Annealing improves ductility, strength
and good elongation properties.

Normalising:
The process is similar to that of annealing, but
after soaking stage the material is taken out
from the furnace and allowed to cool in
atmosphere. The properties of the material are
bit lower than that of annealing because of

different cooling areas in the material.
Quenching:
Quenching is the process of heating the
material above the recrystallization
temperature and cooling it suddenly in a water
bath or oil bath or in polymers. Type of

quenchant depends upon the application.
Martensite matrix structure is seen in case of
quenched materials. The material becomes so
hard, more brittle and has the ability to
withstand wear, vibrations. Abrasive resistance
is more but can't handle creep and impact

loads.
Tempering:
It is the heat treatment process which is done
usually after quenching. In the process the
material is heated to a temperature below the
recrystallization value and holded for few

hours. This process removes internal stress
and improve a bit of ductility to the hard
material. Usually tool steels undergo this
process to improve tool life.
explained in brief
well for the starter i would i like to mention
that all the 4 terms you mentioned are totally

different from each other, and their meaning
may vary from each other depending upon the
may vary from each other depending upon the
material you are associating it with.
So in order to maintain a uniformity i will
explain the meaning of each term and with
relation with the most sought after and

famous alloy i.e "STEEL"
Annealing and Normalizing are the primary
processes which comes under the category of
HEAT TREATMENT of steels.
Tempering is a secondary treatment which is
done after the primary processes of HEAT
TREATMENT.
Quenching is the cooling of the material from
the higher temerature of the room
temperature.
When you take a untreated piece of steel and
put it in a furnace to raise its temp. to around
723 C i.e to a single phase and after that turn

off the furnace and let the piece of steel to
cool inside a furnace,this process is known as
annealing (Furnace cooling or slow cooling)
When you take a untreated piece of steel and
put it in a furnace and raise the temp. to the
around 723 C i.e to a single phase and take the

piece out of the furnace and allow it to cool in
air,this process is known as normalizing (air
cooling).
After ant primary treatment especially after
hardening(water or oil cooled),the material
incurs such properties which are un t for

certain applicaiton ,in those cases we can in
order to improve the proprty we need to heat
the metal to a temp. less than 723 C temp. This
is known as tempering.
Quenching is the cooling process generally
,faster cooling like dipping in water,brime
solution ,oil etc.
al re ning).
explained in brief
I will try to explain in minimum words:
I will try to explain in minimum words:
See for all these processes you rst have to
harden your sample. Let's say it is heated at
770 degree Celsius in a furnace. Now we have

different routes to carry further -
1. You switch off furnace(its still hot) and
sample is inside, thats what ANNEALING is.
2. You carry out the sample and left it in air to
cool it off, thats NORMALIZING.
3. You took the hot sample and instantly put it

in water(or oil or polymer etc i.e. Any
quenching media), thats QUENCHING.
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3/25/2020 difference between annealing and normalizing explained in brief

METALLURGY MADE EASY SUBSCRIBE SEARCH

Metallurgy education heat treatment carburizing

Home Contact us Terms of service Privacy policy

HEY, ARE YOU IN

September 29, 2018

difference between annealing

Metal heat treatment is a metal workpiece in a

Today I'd like to say something about

cooled to room temperature

annealing, stress relief annealing

a. The steel is heated to a predetermined

annealing. The purpose is to reduce the

b. The steel is heated to 750 degrees for a

ball annealing. The purpose is to reduce the

temperature annealing, the steel is heated to

temperature, then cooled with room

eliminate the internal stress of the metal.

above 30-50℃. After a while, the heat

The main purpose of normalizing is to re ne

cooling rate is slightly faster, so the

normalizing parts can meet the same

The steel is heated to a temperature above the

critical point(45 steel quenching temperature

cooled at the appropriate speed in the water

Compare quenching with annealing and

Martensite is the unbalanced organization

is poor. The hardness of martensite increases

below the critical temperature for a while, and

Quenched steel generally can not be used

brittle, direct use often brittle fracture.

brittleness, improve toughness; the other hand

steel. According to the tempering

temperature tempering and high temperature

Reduce the internal stress, brittleness, to

b. Medium temperature tempering 350 ~

hardened steel parts tempered in more than

temperature tempering. Quenched steel parts

only has certain strength, hardness, but also

often take high temperature tempering after

called quenching and tempering

Heat the steel to a certain temperature and

A. Heating the steel to a predetermined

microstructure and internal stress in the steel.

C. Stress relief annealing is also called low

It is the process of heating a metal in a furnace

allow it to cool inside the furnace. First the

and good elongation properties.

bit lower than that of annealing because of

bath or oil bath or in polymers. Type of

is more but can't handle creep and impact

recrystallization value and holded for few

well for the starter i would i like to mention

that all the 4 terms you mentioned are totally

relation with the most sought after and

723 C i.e to a single phase and after that turn

around 723 C i.e to a single phase and take the

incurs such properties which are un t for

solution ,oil etc.

770 degree Celsius in a furnace. Now we have

3. You took the hot sample and instantly put it

Singhania International Limited is one