Aerodynamics

Lecture 02
History of Airplanes

Aerodynamics
History

A603 Aerodynamics

Manoj T. Nair
IIST
02.1
 Aerodynamics
Agenda
History of Airplanes

1 History of Airplanes

02.2
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes I
History of Airplanes

Anatomy of an aircraft 02.3

 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes II
History of Airplanes

Anatomy of an aircraft

02.4
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes III
History of Airplanes

Anatomy of an aircraft

02.5
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes IV
History of Airplanes

12-hp engine mounted on top surface of the bottom wing

2 propellers at the back
Flew a distance of 120 ft
02.6
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes V
History of Airplanes

02.7
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes VI
History of Airplanes

Ornithopters: Instead of strapping wings to human arm,

mechanical mechanism were used to flap the wing

02.8
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes VII
History of Airplanes

Human carrying balloon - November 21, 1783

Drifted 5 mi across Paris in 25 mins mechanical
mechanism were used to flap the wing
02.9
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes VIII
History of Airplanes

Sir George Cayley, (1773-1857)

Fixed wing for generating lift
Separate mechanism for propulsion
02.10
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes IX
History of Airplanes

A combined vertical and horizontal tail for stability

Concept still used
Force diagram for the wing (lift and drag)
02.11
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes X
History of Airplanes

Started with helicopters and moved on to fixed wing

Build an whirling-arm apparatus in 1804

02.12
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XI
History of Airplanes

Cayley built, and flew a model glider in 1804

Region of low pressure on the upper surface
Role of horizontal and vertical tail planes for stability
Unfortunately, he didn’t think of propellers and was
obsessed with flappers

02.13
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XII
History of Airplanes

In 1849, he built and tested a full-size airplane

A 10-year boy was carried several meters above the
ground, while gliding down the hill
A powered flight, but with flappers

02.14
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XIII
History of Airplanes

Wing at angle of incidence and dihedral

Cruciform tail
Pilot adjusted elevator and rudder
02.15
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XIV
History of Airplanes

02.16
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XV
History of Airplanes

02.17
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XVI
History of Airplanes

02.18
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XVII
History of Airplanes

02.19
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XVIII
History of Airplanes

02.20
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XIX
History of Airplanes

02.21
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XX
History of Airplanes

02.22
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXI
History of Airplanes

02.23
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXII
History of Airplanes

02.24
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXIII
History of Airplanes

02.25
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXIV
History of Airplanes

02.26
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXV
History of Airplanes

02.27
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXVI
History of Airplanes

02.28
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXVII
History of Airplanes

02.29
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXVIII
History of Airplanes

02.30
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXIX
History of Airplanes

02.31
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXX
History of Airplanes

02.32
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXXI
History of Airplanes

02.33
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXXII
History of Airplanes

02.34
 Aerodynamics
History of Airplanes XXXIII
History of Airplanes

The Flying Years - Aviation History

Victory Through Air Power - Animated History of Aviation

02.35