CHAPTER 1: CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

Q.1. What is a chemical reaction? State its components and give

examples.
Ans: A chemical reaction is a process in which old substances are
transformed to form new substances.
The two main components of chemical reactions are:
1) Reactants: The substances taking part in a chemical reaction are
called reactants.
2) Products: The new substance produced as a result of chemical
reaction is called product.
Chemical reactions taking place in daily life are curdling of milk,
digestion of food , ripening of fruits, rusting of iron , combustion of
fuels etc.
Q.2. What are the characteristics of chemical reactions ? OR State
the changes taking place during a chemical reaction.
Ans: a. Evolution of gas
b. Formation of precipitate
c. Change in colour
d. Change in temperature
e. Change in state
Q.3. What does unbalanced and balanced chemical equation mean?
Ans: 1. Unbalanced chemical equation : If the number of atoms of
each elements are not eual on reactant and product side,it is called an
unbalanced or skeletal chemical equations.
For example : H2 + O2  H2O
2. Balanced chemical equation : If the number of atoms of each
element are equal on reactant and product side, it is called a balanced
equation.
For example : 2H2 + O2  2H2O
Q.4. Why should a chemical equation be balanced?
Ans: We need to balance a chemical reaction to satisfy the law of
conservation of mass which states that,” In a chemical reaction, mass
can neither be created nor destroyed.”
Q.5. What is a chemical equation? How can chemical equations be
made more informative? Give examples to illustrate your answer.
Ans: A chemical equation is the representation of a chemical reaction by
using symbols and formulas of the reactants and products.
The chemical reaction can be made more informative in three ways:
1) By indicating physical states of reactants and products by using
symbols ‘s’ for solid , ‘l’ for liquid, ‘g’ for gaseous and ‘aq’ for
aqueous.
For example: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

2) Heat changes taking place in the reaction can be shown:

(a)By writing + Heat or Heat energy on the product side of the
equation for exothermic reactions.
C(s) + O2 (g)CO2(g) +Heat
(b) By writing + Heat or Heat energy on the reactant side of the
equation for endothermic reactions.
For example: CaCO3(s) + Heat CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
 3) By indicating the conditions like pressure, catalyst etc on or below
the arrow between the reactants and products.
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) sunlight------- C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)
4) Gaseous products are shown by an arrow pointing upwards and
insoluble precipitates by an arrow pointing downwards.
For example: C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)↑
AgNO3(aq)+ NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s)↓+ NaNO3(aq)
Q.6. What information is conveyed by a chemical equation?
Ans: A chemical equation conveys the following information:
i. It indicates the names of reactants and products
ii. It indicates relative number of molecules of reactants and products.
iii. It indicates the relative number of moles of reactants and products.
iv. It indicates the relative masses of reactants and products.
v. It indicates relative volumes of gaseous reactants and products.
Q.7. Explain endothermic and exothermic reactions giving suitable
examples.
Ans: Endothermic Reactions: Those reactions in which heat is
absorbed are called endothermic reactions.
For example:
N2(g) + O2(g)+Heat 2NO(g)
CaCO3(s) + Heat CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Exothermic reactions: Those reactions in which energy is liberated or
evolved are called exothermic reactions.
For example:
C + O2 CO2+ Heat
2Mg + O2 2MgO + Heat
Cao + H2O Ca(OH)2+ Heat
Q.8. State different types of chemical reactions.
Ans: Some important types of chemical reactions are:
i. Combination reactions
ii. Decomposition reactions
iii. Displacement reactions
iv. Double displacement reactions
v. Oxidation and reduction reactions
Q.9. Explain Combination reactions with examples.
Ans: Combination reactions: A chemical reaction in which two or
more substances(elements or compounds) combine to form a single
product is called a combination reaction.
For example:
2H2 + O2 2H2O
C + O2 CO2
Q.10. State reaction involved in white washing of walls.
Ans: CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2+ Heat
Lime Lime water
Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 + H2O
Lime water+ carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate + Water
Lime water turns milky due to formation of calcium carbonate.
Q.11. Explain decompotion reactions with suitable examples.
Ans: A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks to form two or
more smaller compounds.
Types of decomposition reactions:
1) Thermal decomposition: When decomposition is done by
heating,it is called thermal decomposition.
For example:
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
2) Electrolytic decomposition:
2H2O Electric current 2H2 + O2

3) Photolytic decomposition:Decomposition of silver chloride and

bromide in presence of sunlight.
2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2
2AgBr  2Ag + Br2
These reactions are used in black and white photography.
4) Catalytic decomposition :
2KClO3 MnO2 2KCl + 3O2
Q.12. Explain Decomposition reactions taking place in our body.
Ans: Digestion of food is an excellent example of decomposition
reaction. During digestion of food, carbohydrates are broken down into
simple sugars, complex proteins into simple amino acids and fats into
fatty acid and glycerol.
Q.13. State uses or applications of decomposition reactions.
Ans : The uses of decomposition reactions are:
i. Digestion of food
ii. Electrolytic reduction of metallic oxides or chlorides to obtain
metals.
iii. Electrolytic refining of metals.
Q.14. Explain electrolysis of water. Why is the amount of gas
collected in one of the test tubes double the amount collected in the
other?
Ans: When electric current is passed through water to which a few drops
of dilute sulphuric acid is added, it dissociates to form hydrogen and
oxygen.
2H2O-- 2H2 + O2
Hydrogen is liberated at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode.
From the above equation it is clear that hydrogen and oxygen are
produced in the ratio of 2:1 by volume. Hence volume of hydrogen gas
collected in one test tube is double the volume of oxygen gas collected
in another test tube.
Q.15. Explain Displacement reactions with suitable examples.
Ans: A reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive
metal from its salt solution.
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Zn + CuSO4-ZnSO4+ Cu
Q.16. What are double displacement reactions?
Ans: those reactions in which two compounds react by mutually
exchanging their ions to form new compounds are called double
displacement reactions.
Types of double displacement reactions:
1) Precipitation reaction: A double displacement reaction in which
one of the products ,being insoluble, precipitates out is called
precipitation reaction.
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl (s) + NaNO3
White ppt.
BaCl + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4 + 2NaCl
White ppt.
2) Neutralisation reaction: A reaction in which acids and bases react
with each other to form salts and water is called neutralization
reaction.
For example:
i. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
ii. 2KOH + H2SO4  K2SO4 + H2O
Q.17. Give three points of difference between simple displacement
and double displacement reaction.
Ans:
No. Simple displacement Double displacement
reactions reactions
1. In these reactions,the In these reactions, two
more reactive metal compounds react by
displaces a less exchange of ions to
reactive metal from its form two new
salt solution. compounds.
2. These reactions are not These reactions are
 generally ionic in normally ionic in
nature. nature.
3. These reactions are These reactions are
slow slow.

Q.18. What are Oxidation and reduction reactions? Give examples.

Ans: Oxidation reaction: A reaction in which oxygen is added or
hydrogen is removed.
C + O2  CO2
2NH3  N2 + 3H2
According to modern concept, oxidation is a reaction in which electrons
are lost.
For example: Cu  Cu2+ + 2e-
Since copper loses electrons to form copper ions, it is called oxidation
reaction.
Reduction reaction: A reaction in which hydrogen is added or oxygen
is removed.
H2 + S  H2S
ZnO + C  Zn + CO
According to modern concept, reduction is a reaction in which electrons
are gained.
For example: I2 + 2e-  2I-
Since iodine accepts two electrons to form iodide ion, it is called
reduction reaction.
Q.19.Explain Redox reactions giving examples.
Ans: The reaction in which oxidation and reduction takes place
simultaneously in the same reaction are called Redox reactions.
For example:
i. CuO +H2  Cu + H2O
Here, CuO is getting reduced to Cu and hydrogen is oxidized to
water.
ii. H2S + Cl2  S + 2HCl
Here,H2S is oxidized and Cl2 is reduced
iii. MnO2 + 4 HCl  MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
Here, MnO2 is reduced and HCl is oxidized.
Q.20. What are oxidizing and reducing agents? Give examples

No. Oxidising agent Reducing agent

1. It oxidizes the other It reduces the other
substance. substance.
2. It gets reduced. It itself gets oxidized.
3. It gains electrons. It loses electrons.
4. Examples: oxygen, Examples: Carbon,
nitric acid carbon
monoxide,hydrogen.

Q.21. Indicate the oxidizing and reducing agents in the following

reactions:
(a) Cu + I2 CuI2
 Ans: Iodine is an oxidizing agent and copper is a reducing agaent.
(b) Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
Ans: Zinc acts as a reducing agent and CuSO4 acts as an oxidizing
agent.
(c)2Al+ 6HCl  2AlCl3 + 3H2
Ans: Aluminium is an oxidizing agent and HCl is a reducing
agent.
Q.22. Explain reactivity series.
Ans: The series in which metals are arranged in decreasing order of
their reactivity is called the reactivity series.
K > Na >Ca > Mg > Al >Zn > Fe > Pb > (H) > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au > Pt
In this series potassium and sodium are most reactive metals whereas
gold and silver are least reactive. The metals on the left can displace the
metals on their right from their salt solutions.
Q.23. Explain Corrosion of metals. State steps to prevent it.
Ans: Corrosion is a process in which metals are gradually eaten up by
the action of air, moisture or chemicals such as acids on their surface.
Examples of Corrosion:
i. Silver becomes black due to formation of silver sulphide (Ag2S)
ii. Formation of green spots on copper vessels.
iii. Rusting of iron
Steps to prevent corrosion:
i. By painting metal surfaces with enamel paints.
ii. By applying oil or grease on surfaces.
iii. By plastic coating on the surfaces.
iv. By galvanizing it with a more reactive metal like zinc.
v. By alloying it with other metals or non metals.
Q.24. Explain the rusting of iron. State its harmful effects.
Ans: When iron is exposed to moist air, it reacts with oxygen to form a
reddish brown crust on its surface called rust. Formula of rust is
Fe2O3.xH2O
4Fe + 3O2 + 2xH2O  2Fe2O3.xH2O (Rust)
Harmful effects: Corrosion weakens the iron and steel objects and
structures such as railings, bridges, buildings , ships etc and shortens
their life span. A lot of money has to be spent every year to prevent the
corrosion of iron and steel objects and to replace damaged iron
structures.
Q.25. Give example of a case where corrosion play a useful role.
Ans: When aluminium is exposed to moist air, it forms a thin layer of
aluminium oxide on its surface which prevents its further corrosion.
Thus, aluminium articles and containers are not corroded. Aluminium
foils are commonly used for packing food preparations , cigarettes etc.
Q.26. Explain Rancidity. State steps to prevent it.
Ans: When fat or oil containing food is exposed to air, it undergoes
aerial oxidation to forms products that have unpleasant smell and taste.
This is called rancidity.
Methods to prevent rancidity of food:
a) By adding anti-oxidants to food containing fats.
b) By keeping food in the refrigerator.
c) By storing food in air tight containers.
d) Manufacturers of chips flush the bags with nitrogen gas to prvent
rancidity.
Q.27. State and explain the two effects of oxidation reaction in our
daily life.
Ans: The two common effects of oxidation reactions which we observe
in daily life are:
1) Corrosion of metals 2) Rancidity of food
Q.28. what happens when:
1) Magnesium ribbon is heated in air
Ans: When magnesium ribbon is heated in air, it combines with the
oxygen present in air and burns with a dazzling white flame to form a
white powder called magnesium oxide.
2Mg + O2  MgO
2) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to zinc granules.
Ans: Zinc reacts with acid to form zinc chloride and bubbles of
hydrogen are produced.
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 + Heat
The gas evolved can be tested by bringing a lighted candle. It will
burn with a popping sound
3) A solution of potassium iodide is added to lead nitrate in a test
tube
Ans : When potassium iodide solution is added to lead nitrate
solution in a test tube, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed
due to double displacement reaction.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI  PbI2 + 2KNO3
4)When ferrous sulphate crystals are heated strongly.
 Ans : when ferrous sulphate crystal are heated, the green colour of
ferrous sulphate changes to brown due to formation of ferric oxide
and a smell of burning sulphar is obtained due to formation of sulphar
is obtained due to formation of sulphar dioxide and sulphar trioxide.
2Feso4(s) ------- Fe2O3(s) + SO2 (g) + SO3(g)
5)When lead nitrate is strongly heated.
Ans: When lead nitrate is heated strongly ,it breaks down to form
yellow coloured lead
Monoxide , nitrogen dioxide and oxygen . Brown fumes of nitrogen
dioxide are evolved
2Pb(NO)2 (s) --------- 2PbO (s) +4 NO2(g) +O2 (g)
Q.29. Give reasons:
1) The colour of copper sulphate solution changes when an iron
nail is dipped in it.
Solution to form ferrous sulphate and copper is liberated. Blue
colour of copper sulphate changes to green and copper get deposited on
the piece of iron.
Fe + CuSO4  FeSO4 + Cu
2) Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen.
Ans : When fat or oil containing food is exposed to air, it under
goes aerial oxidation to form products that have unpleasant smell
and taste. Therefore, manufacturers of potato
3) We should store silver chloride ( or silver bromide) in dark
coloured bottles.
Ans : Silver chloride( or bromide) in presence of light decomposes
to form silver and chlorine( or bromine) as it is photosensitive.
 Dark coloured bottles cuts off the light and prevents its
decomposition
2AgCl  2Ag + Cl2
4) Respiration is an exothermic reaction.
Ans : During respiration, food is broken down to release energy
C6H12O6 + 2O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Heat
Respiration is an exothermic reaction because energy is produced
during this process. This energy is used for metabolic activities
taking place within the body.
5) Silver articles turn black when exposed to air for a few days.
Ans : Silver particles turn black when kept in air for a few days
because hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S) present in the air attacks
silver forming a coating of black silver sulphide (Ag2S). The
phenomena is called corrosion.
2Ag + H2S  Ag2S + H2
6) Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned by rubbing with sand
paper before burning.
Ans : Magnesium when exposed to air forms a layer of magnesium
oxide on its surface which hinders its burning process. So to
remove this layer it is scrapped with sand paper.
7) Oxidation can never occur without reduction and vice versa.
Ans : Oxidation involves addition of oxygen or removal of
hydrogen. Reduction involves addition of hydrogen or removal of
oxygen. Thus oxidation and reduction are opposite reactions and
occur together.
For example :
CuO + H2  Cu + H2O
 In this reaction, CuO loses oxygen and undergoes reaction to form
Cu and Reduction involves addition of hydrogen or removal of
oxygen. Thus in this reaction, both oxidation and reduction take
place. It is a redox reaction .
8) Silver and copper do not liberate hydrogen on reacting with
dilute acid.
Ans: Only a more reactive element can displace a less reactive
element. As copper and silver are less reactive than hydrogen, they
cannot displace hydrogen on reaction with dilute acid.
9) Combustion is an oxidation reaction.
Ans: As combustion is always carried out in presence of oxygen, it
is an oxidation reaction.
For example: CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
10) Why do fire flies glow at night?
Ans: Fire flies have a protein called liciferin, present in them
which undergoes aerial oxidation in presence of enzyme luciferase.
This oxidation reaction is accompanied by emission of enzyme
luciferase. This oxidation reaction is accompanied by emission of
light. Therefore fire flies glow at night.

11) Copper vessels get covered with a green coating in rainy

season.
Ans: Copper objects lose their lusture after some time and develop
green spots on exposure to moist air,as it gets corroded. Copper
reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide in moist air to form a layer
of basic copper carbonate on the surface which is green in colour.
2Cu + CO + O2 CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (Basic copper carbonate)

12) Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.

 Ans: Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because energy is
in the form of sunlight is absorbed by the green plants during the
process to prepare food.
6CO2 + 6H2O sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

13) Displacement reactions can be called redox reactions.

Explain giving example.
Ans: In the displacement reaction: Zn + CuSO4  ZnSO4 + Cu
Zn has changed into ZnSO4 by losing electrons. Hence, Zn has
been oxidized. CuSO4 has changed to Cu on gaining electrons.
Hence, CuSO4 has been reduced. Thus, the above reaction is a
displacement as well as redox reaction.

Q.30. Balance the following equations:

1) BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3  BaSO4 + AlCl3
Ans: BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3
2) Na + H2O  NaOH + H2
Ans: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
3) N2 + H2  NH3
Ans: N2 + 3H2 2 NH3
4) HNO3 + Ca(OH)3  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
Ans: 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)3  Ca(NO3)2 +2H2O
5) NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
Ans: 2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
 6) NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3
Ans: NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3
7) BaCl2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + 2HCl
Ans: BaCl2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + 2HCl
8) Al(s) + HCl (aq)  AlCl3 (aq) + H2(g)
Ans: 2Al + 6HCl  2AlCl3 + 3H2
9) Fe + H2O(steam)  Fe3O4 + H2 (g)
Ans: 3Fe + 4H2O  Fe3O4 + 4H2

Q.31. Write balanced equations for the following reactions:

1) Hydrogen + Chlorine  Hydrogen chloride
Ans: H2 + Cl2  2HCl
2) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate  Barium
sulphate + Aluminium chloride.
Ans: 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3(aq)  3BaSO4(s) + 2AlCl3(aq)
3) Sodium + Water  Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen.
Ans: 2Na (s) + 2H2O(l)2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
4) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water
react to form insoluble sulphate and solution of sodium
chloride.
Ans: BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
 5) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with
hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to form sodium
chloride and water.
Ans: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O
6) Hydrogen gas combine with nitrogen to form ammonia.
Ans: N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
7) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give sulphur dioxide
and water.
Ans: 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g)  2SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
8) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium
hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Ans: 2K(s) + 2H2O(l)  2KOH(aq) + H2(g)
9) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon Dioxide  Calcium
carbonate + water.
Ans: Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO2 + H2O
10) Zinc + Silver nitrate Zinc nitrate + Silver
Ans: Zn + 2AgNO3  Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
11) Aluminium + Copper chloride  Aluminium chloride +
Copper
Ans: 2Al + 3CuCl2  2AlCl3 + 3Cu
12) Butane +Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water
Ans: 2C4H10 + 13O2  8CO2 + 10H2O
 13) Ferric chloride + Ammonium hydroxide  Ferric
hydroxide + Ammonium chloride.
Ans: FeCl3 + 3NH4OH  Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
14) Ammonia + Oxygen  Nitric acid + Water
Ans: 4NH4 +5O2  4NO + 6 H2O

Q.32. OBJECTIVES:
1) Give the chemical formula of rust.
Ans: Fe2O3.xH2O
2) Give two necessary conditions for rusting.
Ans: (a) Presence of air or oxygen (b) Presence of moisture
3) What is the principle of balancing of chemical equation?
Ans: It is based on Law of conservation of mass.
4) Give two similarities between rusting and burning.
Ans: (a) Both require oxygen (b) Both produce heat.
5) Give two dissimilarities between rusting and burning.
Ans: (1) Rusting is a slow process while burning is a fast
process.
(2) Heat is evolved at a very slow rate in rusting. In
burning, heat is evolved at a fast rate.
(3) Rusting occurs only in case of iron while burning
occurs in many substances.
 6) Give two examples of redox reactions taking place in day
to day life.
Ans: (a)Rusting of iron (b) Combustion reactions (c)
Photosynthesis
7) What are non-redox reactions? Give examples.
Ans: The reactions in which neither oxidation nor reduction
takes place are called non-redox reactions.
For example: (a) HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl (aq) + H2O(l)
(b) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) +
2NaCl(aq)
Double displacement reactions are not redox reactions.
Q.33. HOTS:
1) A solution of substance X is used for white washing of
walls.
(a) Name the substance X and write its formula.
(b) Write the reactin of substance X with water.
Ans: (a) Calcium oxide or Quick lime and its formula is CaO.
(c)CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + Heat
2) A shiny brown coloured element X on heating in air
becomes black in colour.Name the element X and the black
coloured compound formed.
Ans: The element is copper.On heating in air, it reacts with
oxygen to form a black coloured compound Cupric oxide or
copper (II) oxide.
2Cu + O2  2CuO
 3) When the green iron salt is heated strongly, its colour
finally changes to black and odour of burning sulphur is
given out.
(a) Name the iron salt.
(b) Name the type of reaction involved in heating the iron
salt.
(c)Write the equation involved.
Ans: (a) Ferrous sulphate FeSO4
(b) Decomposition reaction
(c) 2FeSO4(s) -- Fe2O3 (s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
4)A colourless lead salt, when heated produces a yellow
residue and brown fumes.
(a) Name the lead salt
(b) Name the brown fumes
(c)Write the chemical reaction
Ans: (a) Lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2
(b) Brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are evolved
(c) 2Pb(NO3)2(s) ----- 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
5) In the following reaction between lead sulphide and
hydrogen peroxide:
PbS(s) + 4H2O2(aq) - PbSO4(s) + 4H2O(l)
(a) Which substance is reduced?
(b) Which substance is oxidized?
(c)Which is an oxidizing agent?
(d) Which is a reducing agent?
 Ans: (a) H2O2 is reduced.
(b) PbS is oxidized.
(c) H2O2 is the oxidizing agent.
(d) PbS is the reducing agent.
6) On heating a blue coloured powder of copper(II) nitrate in a
boiling tube, copper oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown coloured
gas X is formed.
(a) Write the chemical equation.
(b) Identify the brown coloured gas.
(c)Identify the type of reaction.
Ans: (a) 2Cu(NO3)2  2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
(b) The brown gas X is nitrogen dioxide.
(c) It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
7) A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white
compound X accompanied by emission of light. If the burning
ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues to
burn and forms a compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formula of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced equation when X is dissolved in water.
Ans: (a) 2Mg + O2  2MgO
Compound X formed on burning magnesium in air is magnesium oxide
MgO.
3Mg + N2  Mg3N2
Compound Y formed is magnesium nitride.
 (b) MgO + H2O  Mg(OH)2
When magnesium oxide is dissolved in water, it forms magnesium
hydroxide.
8) An orange coloured compound A on heating gives a green
residue B, a colourless gas C and water vapour. Identify A, B ,
C.Also state the type of reaction.
Ans: The orange coloured compound is ammonium dichromate.
(NH4)2Cr2O7 -------- Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O + Heat
Ammonium Chromic Nitrogen Water
Chromate oxide gas vapour
(A) (B) (C)
It is an example of thermal decomposition reaction as well an
exothermic reaction since energy in the form of heat and light is released
during the decomposition reaction.

Q.43. Name the following:

1. Three objects that are damaged by corrosion of iron : Bridges, car
parts, ships, building etc.
2. Term used to indicate the development of unpleasant smell and
taste in fat containing foods – Rancidity