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3
Introduction to Fashion and
Fashion Careers
Textbook
Students
Contains discussion questions, activities and further reading
Contents
1. Overview
2. The Fashion System Key Terms
BOXED CASE 3.2: ETHICS FOCUS:
3. Cultural Influence on THE DIAMOND MONOPOLY •
•
Bandwagon effect
Chase and flight
•
•
Invidious consumption
Snob effect
Fashion Popular thought is that diamonds are rare. Their seemingly limited supply is one reason why
they fetch high fees per carat. However, in actuality, diamonds are not scarce—they are
made of carbon, one of the most plentiful elements on earth—and the myth of their rarity
•
•
•
Commodity fetishism
Conspicuous consumption
Fetish
•
•
•
Status consumption
Taste
Trickle down
5. Individual Influence on the largest diamond company in the world and established a network that controlled price
and flow of diamonds onto the markets. Their practices included quashing competition,
buying competitive diamond mines to shut them down, stockpiling diamonds, and refusing Discussion questions
Fashion to sell diamonds to people outside their network (Kanfer, 1993). Then, through a clever
“diamonds are forever” advertising campaign, consumers began to view diamonds as
heirlooms and rare, thus keeping them forever and not reselling them (Kanfer, 1993). The
1. If people like to possess exclusive or rare items why do not more brands offer limited edition
products? What qualities make “limited edition” valuable?
6. Conclusion
monopoly ended in the early 21st century when conflict diamonds (diamonds mined to
2. Identify a product you bought where your motivation was to display (perceived) wealth,
support wars) became a moral issue and consumers started buying other gemstones.
incite envy, or to fit in with a group of people.
Nonetheless, DeBeers remains one of the largest and most profitable diamond suppliers in
3. List 5–10 items of the lower/working class that have become fashionable. List 5–10 that
the world.
Bibliography
have not. Why do you think some became fashionable while others did not?
DeBeers’ practices, by restricting what diamond suppliers and designers and cutters can
4. Simmel conceived the social system having upper class and lower class. Kaiser added
purchase diamonds, created an artificial scarcity. Because they marketed diamonds as
gender, race, age and attractiveness as other strata of social organization. It was also
valuable, keepsakes, and symbols of love and marriage, they created a desire among
suggested that fame, notoriety, sexual orientation, ethnicity, skin color/tone, and power are
Index
people for them. As a result, diamonds were used as conspicuous consumption. Their status
possible alternatives to social strata. Are there any forms of social organization that you
as “rare” and expensive makes them a luxury item where size and quality were indicators
would add?
of wealth and class. Consequently, consumers were (and still are) willing to pay enormous
amounts for shiny bits of hardened carbon.
Learning activities
Summary 1. Examine ads in fashion magazines and categorize them according to one of the three
consumption theories discussed.
2. Show people an A-shirt and conduct a brief interview. Ask them to comment on it. Who
At the social level, fashion is influenced by habitus and taste that includes and excludes
wears it? Where do they wear it? Why do they wear it? Is it considered low class? Is it
people based on their manner of dress. One of the first theories to explain fashion change,
fashion? Organize their responses by theme. Do the themes tell you anything about taste? If
the Trickle Down theory was based on social structure; a number of theories since then have
the people you interviewed differ by age, is there a difference between older people and
looked at fashion through the lens of society. When there was a paradigm shift in the mid-
younger people?
20th century, the direction of fashion influence reversed with styles originating in the street
3. Find a location where you can observe people, like a coffee shop or a bench in a park. As
and working their way up through higher echelons of society. While other theories have
people walk by, analyze their mode of dress. How many scarce or rare items do you see?
also explained how trends move through social strata, the need to display one’s class (or
How many of these items are truly rare and how many are rare by human influence? Interpret
assume the aesthetics of another’s class) is common among them all.
your findings to relate to social organization.
76 77
KEY CONCEPTS FOR THE FASHION INDUSTRY FASHION AND SOCIETY
fashion it loses its cultural significance, is viewed as costume, and offends the originating
group.
Some designers find inspiration from controversial groups, such as the Hate Couture
trend. Hate Couture incorporates elements of the Nazi regime or Ku Klux Klan into fashion,
such as armbands with the Nazi swastika, Nazi uniforms, and shoes with the swastika on
the sole (so that they leave the impression in the ground). The trend even reached celebrities
and couture fashion; in 1995 the fashion house of Jean-Louis Scherrer (designed by
Bernard Perris) showed couture pieces with Nazi insignia;1 in 2005 Prince Harry of
England wore a Nazi armband to a costume party and in 2006 Rocky Mazzilli offered a
couture ensemble with a prominent swastika on the skirt. Elsewhere, Nazi fashion has
become popular among Harajuku trendsetters. Elements of the United States Deep South
can also be seen as offensive to some people. The Confederate flag is a source of
controversy (some view it as racist whereas others view it as heritage) and is featured on
t-shirts, shoes, bathing suits, and so forth. Meanwhile, in 2012 the Ku Klux Klan distinctive
robes inspired Ivaek Archer of Chiz’l Menswear to reveal a men’s robe with hoodie in the
shape of the Ku Klux Klan’s pointed hood, while in 2012 Rei Kawakubo showed a
wedding ensemble with pointed hood at Paris fashion week.2
Figure 6.4 Details from three trench coats show the influence of fashion
on a classic item of dress. Trench coats courtesy of author.
126 127
KEY CONCEPTS FOR THE FASHION INDUSTRY CONCLUSION
4
Introduction to Fashion and
Fashion Careers
www/Textbook
Contents
Preface
Part 1: The Plan Part 3: The Partner
1. Entrepreneur Endeavors 8. Direct Sales Distribution
2. A Moving Target
3. Brand Personification
Part 2: The Product
9. Indirect Sales Distribution
10. The Buyer’s Mind
11. Web Presence
3 Brand Personification
4. Inspiration and Ingenuity Part 4. The Process To cut through the clutter of product saturation, entrepreneurs utilize branding
as an effective way to differentiate their products and to establish credibility
with the consumer. One must carefully orchestrate interplay between inspired
5. Strategic Sourcing 12. Marketing creativity and analytical rigor. Creating a brand perception requires intrusion—a
remapping of a consumer’s brand preference. The brand must be authentic and
Figure 3.1 Zac Posen ready-to-wear collection.
Model: Liya Kebede. Source: Fairchild Fashion
Media.
Figure 3.2 Gucci ready-to-wear collection.
Model: Eugenia Volodina. Source: AFP/Getty
Images.
Figure 3.3 Alexander Wang ready-to-wear
collection. Model: Shu Pei Qin. Source: Fairchild
Fashion Media.
powerful enough to force consumers out of their routines and into newness.
6. Pricing the Product 13. Getting Started Consumers must remember the brand experience and note it for long-standing
preferences. Iconic fashion brands begin with a collective synergy to create a first, Brand Analysis
When an entrepreneur enters into a branding arena that is laden with
lasting impression at a glance.
Bibliography builds lasting relationships, and helps entrepreneurs and corporate organi-
zations better manage people, resources, and profits. The following images
evoke the power and presence of internationally recognized brands
3.
4.
5.
Current growth cycle of the industry sector
Number of competitors and their relative size
Market saturation—price classifications
Index
KEY CONCE PTS (Figures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5). 6. Number of customers and their relative size
From a holistic perspective, a brand is a distinct entity with a name, 7. Type of distribution channels used to access existing/potential
✚✚Identify assessment tools for brand
sign, or set of perceptions intended to create an identity and differentia- customers
analysis.
tion among likeness. It represents a product, idea, or service. Branding
✚✚Understand the components of a is a vital strategy laced within brand development. It is the process of If these crucial market assessments are not executed, an entrepre-
brand statement. attaching a name, image, or reputation to a product, idea, or service. neur may find that the brand may not fit well with the intended sector
✚✚Explore the fundamentals of brand
Branding is a major force in the fashion industry. Effective entrepre- of the industry or may not be capable of establishing and maintaining
development. neurs utilize branding as the solidifying precursor to a product. It is the a competitive advantage for the new product. Once the assessments
fundamental voice that embodies the product. A relentless product differen- are determined as a prosperous opportunity, the long-term direction,
✚✚Examine emotional drivers to make a tiation strategy is needed to build recognition. Emotional engagement has objectives, and strategies can be developed. Designer, Rebecca Minkoff
brand connection.
become a dominant tactic to build consumer loyalty. From the idiosyncrasy Figure 3.4 Burberry Prorsum collection. Source:
explains her well-devised brand formula to enter into a competitive
✚✚Establish tactics to building brand to the obvious, a product’s positioning is often conveyed through layers of Fairchild Fashion Media. market in Box 3.1.
equity. reinforcement to establish and secure its identity in the marketplace.
5
Introduction to Fashion and Key Titles
Fashion Careers
The Dynamics Featuring the latest facts and figures, and the
most current theories in fashion development,
2013
6
Introduction to Fashion and
Fashion Careers
Key Titles
4th Edition www/Textbook
Textbook Textbook
2011 2011
7
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion
Contents
Preface
4 chapter one the nature of the fashion retailing industry
Section One: Introduction Section Four: chapter one roof. It was the birth of the department store. Like the specialty
to Fashion Retailing Merchandising Fashion store, the department store was a huge success and expansion
would take place with branch stores that were opened to make
shopping easier for those who found it too difficult to patronize
Purchase
with the development of catalog divisions. Early on it was Sears
Fashion Retailing 13. Purchasing in the Global attention of a new market segment and helped to make the
company more profitable. It was the forerunner of what today is
known as multi-channel retailing that will be fully discussed
the Merchandise Mix able to: consumer reach far beyond their borders. When one looks at today’s fashion retailing numerous social media formats such as facebook and pintrest,
news it very often speaks to the changes, namely conducting business globally. Their email, television shopping networks, and mobile devices.
15. Inventory Pricing • Discuss why some merchants are opting figure 1.1 combination of many of the enterprises already noted. The concept is known as
in Today’s Retail
strategy. Now that many fashion arenas have proven themselves as destinations for off- Macy’s is the largest department
for expansion through the spin-off store shore fashion retailers, merchandise assortments and emerging markets have started to multichannel retailing in which the vast majority of retailers reach their markets with
store in the world. It carries hard
concept. join these lists of countries, the scene promises to become an exciting one and an the use of many different means. It is typical of the giants in the field to use a combination
goods and soft goods and both
of bricks and mortar locations, catalogs, e-tailing, social networking and mobile devices
6. Ethical Practices and Social became available to the average citizen, only the wealthy could afford to have fashion multichannel retailing concept.
making their own investments.
items produced for them by designers and dress-makers. For those who had the skills of
Retailing Environments 16. The Importance of • Explain why some consumers are
flocking to catalog usage instead of
bricks and mortar visitation for their
one item such as apparel, shoes, jewelry, and so forth. Today, the specialty chains are
considered to be the most popular places for shopping. Companies like the Gap, with its
global presence are among the more profitable enterprises in fashion retailing. With the
classification, brick and mortar, while others might just be online ventures. For
example, one major retailer of fashion footwear, and now apparel, whose exclusive
selling method is online is the American-based Zappos.
Advertising and Promotion purchases. success of the limited lines operations, some merchants decided if they could satisfy the
17. Communicating to • Summarize some of the trends in fashion of these retailers broadened their inventories to include a variety of products under one
Locations retailing.
3
Customers through
8. Designing and Fixturing
Electronic Media Fashion Retailing.indb 3 30/05/2014 13:41 Fashion Retailing.indb 4 30/05/2014 13:41
8
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Understanding the Part IV: Purchasing
Retail Environment Where Merchandise
Buying Occurs 10. Selecting Vendors and
1. Today’s Buying Environment Building Partnerships
2. The Buying Function in 11. Making Market Visits and
Retailing Negotiating with Vendors
3. Buying for Different Types 12. Locating Sources in Foreign
of Stores Markets
Part II: Getting Ready to 13. Making the Purchase
Make Buying Decisions Part V: Motivating
4. Obtaining Assistance for Customers to Buy
Making Buying Decisions 14. Pricing the Merchandise
5. Understanding Your 15. Promoting the Merchandise
Customers
Appendix A: Basic Retail Math
6. Understanding Product Formulas
Trends: What Customers
Appendix B: Decision Making
Buy
Glossary
Part III: Planning and
Controlling Merchandise Index
Purchases Credits
7. Forecasting
8. Preparing Buying Plans
9. Developing Assortment
Plans
9
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion
Textbook
Features
• Explores multi-channel approaches that have been used in retail test
markets as a means to cost-effective growth within the industry
• Features case studies with Harvey Nichols, Target, American
Apparel, AllSaints, Gap and Asos; and interviews with key industry
professionals, including store managers, buyers and merchandisers
• Crucially explores how technology has revitalized fashion retailing
through case studies, interviews and “day in the life” job overviews,
which feature in each chapter
• Covers back-of-house functions (human resources, loss prevention)
and front-of-house functions (merchandising, visual merchandising,
circulation patterns) across different retailers
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: What Is Retailing? Chapter 3: Retail Corporate Chapter 5: Store Merchandising Conclusion
The History of Retail Offices Merchandising and the Front of Glossary
Understanding the Difference Corporate Offices and Their Role House Industry Resources
Between Retailing and the Retailer Strategic Planning Merchandising vs. Visual Index
Classification of Retailers Supporting Store Teams Merchandising
Acknowledgments and Picture
On-Site vs. off-Site Retailing Ethics and Corporate Merchandising The Store Credits
Environment
Multichannel Retail Approaches Social Responsibility
Interview: Alfonso Paradinas—
Interview: Kyle Muller—Shop Owner Interview: Jackie Mallon—Corporate
Merchandiser
Case Study: Harvey Nichols Fashion Designer
Case Study: Gap
Chapter 1 Summary Case Study: American Apparel
Chapter 5 Summary
Chapter 3 Summary
Chapter 2: Retail Consumer
Chapter 6: Trends in Retailing
Markets Chapter 4: Store Management
E-Commerce and the Online
Consumer Behavior Store Management and the Back of
Shopper
Consumer Demographics House
Mobile Retail, Pop-Up, and Concept
Site Selection and Store Location Employee Management
Shops
Emerging Domestic and International Store Logistics
Retailer and Designer Collaborations
Markets Merchandise Controls and Loss
Technology in the Retail Sector
Interview: Tate Ragland—Retail Prevention
Interview: International Playground—
Market Researcher Interview: Shana Tabor—Vertically
Wholesaler and Retailer
Integrated Retailer
Case Study: Target Case Study: ASOS
Case Study: All Saints
Chapter 2 Summary Chapter 6 Summary
Chapter 4 Summary
10
Interview: Tate Ragland — Retail market researcher Chapter 2 summary
60 61 CHAPTER 2: RETAIL CONSUMER MARKETS
10 11
11
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction Chapter 11 find meaning, a sense of belonging, and even pure
pleasure. What has changed throughout differ-
ent historical periods is the means for socializing.
Here’s the parallel: People used to gather in a com-
mon location—whether the courtyard of a castle,
1. Why Is Consumer Behavior Psychographics, and the any computer, tablet, or smartphone with an Inter-
Important to the Fields of Fashion Consumer go somewhere to meet, we can interact, share, and
communicate with others in the digital world no
matter where we are, and at any hour of the day or
Fashion and Design? Part IV: How Fashion night (Figure 11.1).
Working Relationship 10. How Marketers Obtain and ✔✔ The origin and different types of social media
✔✔ How the use of social media influences consumers’ buying behavior
media to find a job, conduct research, or establish
new personal or business relationships?
Part II: Internal Factors Use Consumer Information ✔✔ How marketers use social media to learn about and communicate with their customers
✔✔ The ethical issues that can arise with use of social media
Studies have found that people post on social
Influence Fashion 11. Social Media and the media primarily to share interesting things, impor-
tant things, or funny things—just as they would
W
Consumers Fashion Consumer hen you got up this morning, how long bought, or pinned your original design for an appli-
do if they were seeing friends or others face to
face. Other key reasons include to share a personal
was it before you checked in with your quéd tote bag on your Pinterest board, or watched belief or philosophy, to recommend a product or
3. How Fashion Consumers 12. Consumer Decision Making friends . . . not in person or by phone,
but on Facebook or Twitter? Perhaps you
a YouTube video in which someone demonstrated
how to emulate the hairstyle of an actor you like.
Remember
about a new trend on your own blog. Maybe you with everyone from best friends to favorite celebri- FIGURE 11.1 Social media lets us communicate and
Buy
interact with others without being in the same physical
shared a photo on Instagram of the jacket you just ties, and sharing their thoughts and feelings about
location.
Consumer and Responsible Citizenship HOW FASHION MARKETERS COMMUNICATE AND CONSUMERS DECIDE
6. Personality and the Fashion 15. How Ethics and Social
Consumer Responsibility Impact
Part III: External Factors Consumer Behavior
Influence Fashion 16. The Role of Government for
Consumers Fashion Consumers
7. Age, Family, and Life Cycle Glossary
Influences
Credits
8. Social Influences on Fashion
Index
Consumers
12
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion
Contents
Preface
Introduction: Perry’s Background 7. Step 7: Negotiating
Information and How to Use this Profitability
Simulation 8. Step 8: Examine Income
1. Step 1: Redefine Customer Statement
2. Step 2: Research Current 9. Buyer’s Role in Product
Trends Development
3. Step 3: Develop Buying 10. Career Opportunities in
Plan Retail Buying
4. Step 4: Develop Stock Appendix A: Website Resources
Plans Appendix B: Retailing Formulas
5. Step 5: Shop the Market Glossary
6. Step 6: Plan Market Bibliography
Purchases
Index
13
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion
2nd Edition
www/Textbook
The Real World This “sales bible” for the apparel and retail
industries is now updated with successful sales
UK July 2014
US May 2014
Guide to Fashion and management principles and features current
information on social media, content marketing and 352 pages
Selling and retail in the digital world. 25 bw illus and photos
187 x 235mm /
Management • Real-world terms, concepts, and principles plus
new role play exercises reinforce the text
7.375 x 9.25 inches
PB 9781609019334
Gerald J. Sherman and • Case studies feature high-caliber businesspeople £64.00 / $105.00
Sar S. Perlman and their successful methods Fairchild Books
• Teaching Resources: Instructor’s Guide available
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Selling Isn't a Dirty Word 10. Managing a B2B Sales Force
2. The Characteristics of Successful 11. Training and Tools
Salespeople and Sales Managers 12. Measuring Productivity
3. Retail Sales and Management 13. Organizational Structure and
4. Business-to-Business Selling Interaction
5. Getting to the Sale 14. Adapting to Change in the
6. Selling Yourself 15. The Global Marketplace
7. The Sales Presentation 16. Resources for the Reader
8. Follow-Through and Relationship References
Development Glossary
9. Digital and Social Media in Sales Bibliography
(New Chapter)
Index
Key Titles
Textbook
14
Fashion Merchandising and Key Titles
Promotion
Textbook
2011 2011
15
Fashion Merchandising and Key Titles
Promotion
www/Textbook
2010 2012
16
Fashion Merchandising and
Promotion / Fashion Law
17
Product Development
www/Textbook
1. Overview of Apparel Quality and the 10. Safety Regulations and Guidelines 300 Class lockstitches
The 300 lockstitches classification is the most widely
3. Raw Materials Selection and 12. Raw Materials and Sewn Products
rity than 100 Class stitches.7,8 See Figure 6.11 for the
commonly used ASTM and ISO 200 Class stitches in most commonly used ASTM and ISO 300 Class lock
apparel. This stitch classification utilizes hand-stitch stitches in apparel. This stitch classification utilizes
machines (see Figure 6.10). lockstitch machines (see Figure 6.12)
Performance Testing Most commonly used ASTM & ISO 300 Class lock stitches for apparel Face View as Sewn
(e)
Bibliography
Back View as Sewn
7. ASTM and ISO Seam Classifications (b) Face View as Sewn Back View as Sewn
304 Zigzag lock stitch
8. Sourcing and Mass Production of Glossary figure 6.11 a–b (a) ASTM 301 Lock stitch; (b) ASTM 301, ISO 301 Lock stitches
Illustrations of stitch formations from ASTM D 6193. Illustrations of stitches showing face and back views courtesy of
Fairchild Books. Photos courtesy of Janace Bubonia.
(g) (h)
for Manufactured Apparel Bubonia_108-141_ch06_new.indd 123 7/1/14 11:59 AM Bubonia_108-141_ch06_new.indd 124 7/1/14 11:59 AM
Textbook
Contents
1. Apparel Quality and Consumer 7. Labeling Regulations and Guidelines
Perceptions Lab for Manufacturing Apparel Lab
2. Integrating Quality into the 8. Safety Regulations and Guidelines
Development of Apparel Products for Wearing Apparel Lab
Lab 9. Measuring Product Quality Through
3. Raw Materials and Sewn Product Raw Materials and Product Testing
Testing Labs Lab
4. Garment Construction Details Lab 10. Inspection of Raw Materials and
5. Apparel Sizing and Fit Strategies Lab Sewn Products Lab
6. ASTM & ISO Stitch and Seam
Classifications Lab
18
Body Scanning Technology
Apparel
CHAPTER FIVE
Sizing and Fit
Strategies (a) (b)
Objectives:
■ To identify methods for ■ To examine prototype
gathering body measurement development and means for
data that is used for determining evaluating fit
sizing standards for apparel ■ To understand contents
■ To have an awareness of of technical packages and
established domestic and specifications for apparel and
international voluntary their importance in ensuring the
standards for apparel sizing production of garments at the
desired quality level
(c) (d)
Figure 5.2
(a)–(c) Images courtesy of [TC] 2, NC US. www.tc2.com; (d) Courtesy of Human Solutions
Fabric
Lower thread
(a)
Stitch Classifications
Fabric
Lower thread
Upper thread
(c) (d)
(a) (b)
19
Product Development Key Titles
Textbook
20
Fashion Design and
Illustration
www/Textbook
Contents
Preface
Introduction
About the Illustrations
1. User-Centered Design 4. Smart Clothing And Wearable Technology Protecting Workers from Radiation Hazards
What is Design? Electricity and Electrical Systems Protection from Solid Particles
The Design Process Information in Wearable Technology Electricity
Designing Technology for the Wearable Protection from Cuts and Punctures
2. Providing Mobility in Clothing Environment Clothing Design for Flame and Molten Metal
Human Body Movement Smart Clothing Design Hazards
Describing Body Movement
Identifying User Needs for Movement 5. Thermal Protection 8. Enhancing And Augmenting Body
Thermal Balance and the Human Body Functions
Movement Notation
Materials for Thermal Protection Clothing for Sensory Perception
Movement Analysis
Clothing Systems for Thermal Protection Clothing for Diving and Water Safety
Applying Data on Body Movement to Clothing
Design Case Study: Full-Cycle Research: the Cyberia Suit Enhancing Speed
Increasing Mobility in Clothing Enhancing Physical Strength
Fit and Movement Contributed by Susan P. 6. Impact Protection Clothing for Flight and Outer Space
Ashdown Impact Designing for Special Populations
Analyzing the Effects of Clothing on Movement Impact Protective Materials
Case Study: Movement in Pressurized and Impact-Sensing Materials and Methods 9. Commercial Product Development
Pressure-Positive Clothing And Production
Designing Impact Protective Clothing
Case Study: Movement After Injury Garment Production Methods
Case Study: Protective Equipment for American
Football Fastening Systems
3. Materials Case Study: Protection for Ordnance Disposal
Textiles Glossary
The Structure of Other Materials Used in Apparel 7. Living And Working In Hazardous Bibliography
Responsive Fabrics Environments Index
The Nature of Hazards in the Environment
Protection from Chemical/Biological (CB) Hazards
21
Fashion Design and
Illustration
Textbook
Contents
Introduction
1. Line 9. Movement
2. Silhouette 10. Proportion
3. Light and Shade 11. Faces
4. Collage 12. Hands and Feet
5. Fabrics, Pattern, Texture/Use of 13. Style Sheet
Media 14. Inspiration
6. Drawing Design Details 15. Showcase
7. Exaggeration
8. Drawing from Life
Key Titles
2012
2012
400 pages
496 pages 356 colour illus
680 colour illus 280 x 216mm / 11 x 8.5 inches
229 x 305mm / 9 x 12 inches PB 9781609010072
Book + STUDIO £65.00 / $110.00
9781501395352 Fairchild Books
£60.00 / $110.00
STUDIO Access Card
9781501395116
Fairchild Books
22
Collage (and photomontage) can deliver
dynamic and unpredictable results.
The work of artists belonging to the
Dada, Surrealist, and Pop Art movements,
such as Kurt Schwitters, Hannah Höch,
and Richard Hamilton, shows how the
juxtaposition of images can be used to
Co
startling effect.
lla
traditional methods like making your
own glue by mixing flour and water.
Collage 29
Exercise Using a For this exercise you will need some 17 x 22 – Find a person willing to pose for you
Live Model (A2) drawing paper, a drawing board or easel in a variety of outfits and poses.
(or lean a drawing board on the back of a chair – Vary the time and length of poses.
for a makeshift easel), and a variety of media. Work with both quick and longer sessions.
– Mix up your media and vary the starting
points each time, drawing on all the
techniques you have learned so far.
Assess Your Work Working from life can be exciting to do once you have found a willing model. From the exercises in
this chapter you have learned:
– Not to be scared of using color or experimenting with media when drawing from life
– Not to worry if your illustration from life is not proportionally correct—this might make it
a more interesting illustration
– To work quickly: When drawing from life, there is a temptation to work slowly in order to
create an accurate picture. To work as a professional illustrator, it is essential to be able to
identify the key aspects of your figure—be it the interesting angle of a model’s pose or a
design detail such as an interesting collar—and work quickly before the model starts a
new pose or changes clothes.
In order to progress as an illustrator and perfect your skills in drawing from life, answer the
following questions and think carefully about which methods work best for you:
– How do your illustrations drawn from life differ from the illustrations you did from garments in
a museum or gallery for the exercises in the Drawing Design Details chapter? Which do you
prefer? Which did you find easier to undertake and why?
– Which poses did you find harder and why? Are there certain angles or movements you
find harder to capture? Work on these!
– Which medium did you find the easiest to work quickly with and why?
Exercise 3 Exploring You’ll need a range of different mediums and – Make a series of lines using your different Assess Your Work By practicing the exercises in this first chapter you have achieved:
Different Styles an 11 x 17 (A3) piece of paper (or larger) for mediums.
this exercise. A roll of lining paper (wallpaper – Draw while listening to different types – Improved hand-eye coordination
liner) can be good—it is inexpensive and you of music. Does a change in background – An ability to sketch quickly to capture what is in front of you. This is an important skill
can stick it to a wall to work in a slightly larger music inspire different types of line? for fashion professionals, when taking visual notes at fashion shows, for example.
format if you wish. – An understanding of different ways to approach line drawing
Notice the different qualities of line in your work and reflect on the techniques and approaches
you’ve used to create them.
– How does the “blind” drawing compare to the others? Does it look looser or more spontaneous?
– What effect did using your other hand have on your drawing?
– How did you work with less time? Did the time limitation produce better results since you had
less time to think?
– Which medium did you work better with? Why?
12 Line Line 13
23
Fashion Design and
Illustration
www/Textbook
Contents
Part I: The Nature, Elements
and Principles of Design NeOclAssicism cA. 1760 tO 186 0 tO . . . ?
1. What is Designing?
As the new society of urban commercial wealth gradually displaced the power struc-
tures of royalty and church, a couple of vectors combined to bring back classicism in
a “pure” form, placing Greco-Roman architecture and references directly into the cur-
rent designing of buildings and luxury fur-
Part II: Informing Design wilhelm von der pfalz and Anna
ABOve
2.13 left: portrait of Johann
tion was picked up, romanticized, and used
as a claim to glory, not just by the descendants of Rome but by any culture that laid
claim to political and philosophical ties back to Rome and Athens (Fig. 2.14).
Finally, and no less significant, was the establishment of art history itself as a dis-
Designs
ABOve As secular wealth overtook the place of church riches and the authority of aristocracy by Jacques-louis david. The new
2.11 Baroque carried with it and monarch outstripped the clergy, design went toward a more worldly emphasis, democracies simplified the designs
a pervasive sensuality often of their garments as well as their
and as would become a standard pendulum swing, the wealthy clientele pushed their
disguised as mythological furnishings. This was meant to
allegories. pursuit of luxury to the furthest possible point. Rococo style (essentially late-Baroque) convey a sense of seriousness and
Designs
commons apparel all indicate a heightened sensuality. It is here that the physical and emotional Jacques-louis david [public domain],
via wikimedia commons
distance from country life and direct contact with nature allowed the urbanized upper
r ig hT
2.12 portrait of Marie Antoinette classes, inspired by the philosopher Rousseau, to r ig hT
in “country garb.” Attributed to romanticize the wild outdoors. Idealizing and over- 2.14 The ruins of pompeii.
louise Élisabeth vigée le Brun, dramatizing nature became a design feature, with echoing the romanticizing of
Dimensions
8. Three-Dimensional Thinking
9. Time and Experience: Design r ig hT
4.24 There is a certain natural
order to the idea of balance
r ig hT
4.26 A picture placed off-center
in a layout will draw attention to
Glossary
totality of this design, but position, it. It is by the three planes of our body that we interpret the world, splitting space, 1997, distorting shape and using
contrast, and emphasis matter as motion, and objects into front and back, left and right, and up and down. Imagine unfamiliar textures, it produces a
well. The positive/negative of the sense of unease: The design is not
you were a being with 360-degree locomotion and vision. The sense of front and back
fabric versus skin, the lines (actual recognizable to us. it is unfamiliar
and implied), and the contrast of would not be relevant at all. If we flew like birds or floated like fish, our sense of up
and uncanny.
Index
textures all have a say in the gestalt and down would be very different. In contrast to the other principles under discussion
source: firstvieW.com
of this gown. here, there is a certain natural order to the idea of balance and symmetry in the design
source: giovanni giannoni/WWD and creation of human environments and equipment (Fig. 4.24).
the out-of-place—there is a sense of unease—and are very alert to the
danger of something falling off the established structure (Fig. 4.26).
elemeN ts iN sy mmetRy AND bAlANce
A structure—a grounding horizon line of sorts—is always implied
Designers can use each of the elements to create a balance either by refer-
in a printed page by virtue of the format, and architecture brings with it
ring to other elements of the same type or by working with others in a
at least the flat floor if not a ceiling and orthogonal walls. With clothing,
combination of position, contrast, and emphasis. Color, for example, has
however, the measure of balance, perceived from the outside as well as
a fairly complex number of ways in which it can balance within a design.
from within, must always be the planes of the human body and our sense
Different hues, intensities, and values have different visual weight and
of balance comes from a perceived relation to these (Fig. 4.27).
can therefore create balance in different-sized areas. Lines and shapes can
balance in both two and three dimensions in an interplay of positive and
bAlANce AND P OWeR si GNAl s
negative, but also in play with color and/or texture, whether the texture
Just as overemphasized unity is frequently used to overwhelm an audi-
is actual or implied in graphic design or built in. Textures can work in
ence or signal the presence of power, so are symmetries and the result-
similar ways, where a more textured surface can have a disproportionate
ing balance used in architecture. Classicism had a strong symmetrical
weight in the totality of the design (Fig. 4.25).
tendency with its facades and rotundas. And when the nations of the
Imbal an ce and Implicat ion of Mot ion Euro-American culture were forming identities, neoclassicism became
Imbalance in design can be achieved by the same means and can be the prevailing style. Well into the 20th century, the strong symmetries of
used to imply motion and change. The simple imbalance of a text can, power are evident in architectural structures, with the apparent stabil-
for example, create emphasis on a headline and a picture placed off-cen- ity of the buildings signaling the enduring nature of the state. Imposing
ter in a layout will draw attention to itself. The pattern recognition that order became a sign of modern culture. Societies also showed their mas-
humans are so adept at serves here in the opposite: We very quickly spot tery of nature in well-ordered gardens, while the power of government
24
Fashion Design and Key Titles
Illustration
Textbook
25
Technical Design and
CAD for Fashion
1(&.:,'7+
9(57,&$/0($685(0(176
6+28/'(5'523
5,*+7+36
Step 3 When the shoulder seam is in place, continue on
to the armhole.
Step 5 Draw a back neck line (see Steps 3 through 5 in
Figure 4.33).
available
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5,*+7+36
%1'
&+(67:,'7+
University, USA.
67(3$1' 67(3
Step 1 Set up the horizontal guidelines for front neck Step 2 Set up the guides for shoulder point to point,
drop and neck width. Identify the HPS position. Draw and shoulder drop. Draw the line segment, which is the
ULJKW VLGH IURP
the front neckline according to the spec (see Figure 4.32). shoulder seam (see Figure 4.32). ULJKW VLGH IURP
32,176 2) 0($685( 6SHF FHQWHU SRLQW
32,176 2) 0($685( 6SHF FHQWHU SRLQW
Preface · Acknowledgments · Overview of the Industry · The Apparel Product Figure 4.32 Drawing a men’s long-sleeved shirt: Steps 1 and 2
67(36$1'
Figure 4.34 mirror the drawing: Step 6
Development Process and Technical Design · All about the Technical Package · 78 c H A P T E r 4 : D E v E lo P i n g T E c H n i c A l S k E Tc H E S D r Aw i n g g A r m E n T S T o S c A l E , S T E P B y S T E P 79
Developing Technical Sketches · Technical Design Terms for Silhouettes and Design
Details · Styles, Lines, and Details for Shape and Fit · Fabrics and Cutting · Sweaters ·
Stitches and SPI · Seams, Seam Finishes and Edge Treatments · Construction-Related
Design Details · Shape and Support · Fasteners · Labels and Packaging · How to
Measure, Size, and Grade · Fit and Fitting · Appendix A: Seams and Stitches · Appendix
B: XYZ Product Development, Inc.: Selected Technical Packages · Glossary · Index
Key Titles
www/Textbook
26
Construction
Contents
Preface
Chapter 6: Stitches Key Terms and Concepts
Acknowledgements
KEY TERMS
1. The Sewing Machine and Glossary of Sewing Terms
Stay stitching is plain machine stitching 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm)
Chapter 6 Objectives and C O N C E P T S inside the stitchline before the garment is assembled.
By studying the information in this chapter, the designer It is used to maintain the original shape of the garment
Sewing Equipment
will be able to: pieces and prevent stretching, which is especially Zigzag stitches are machine stitches
Equipment » Identify topstitching. Permanent stitches are used for seams, darts, and tucks. edge will prevent raveling.
Appendix C: Yardage
» Learn the uses and methods of topstitching. The length and tension of the stitch varies, depending on
» Learn to sew a crimped seam. the fabric used. On most medium-weight fabrics, there Zigzag stitches can also be used when
Selecting Fabric armhole; side seams from the underarm to the waistline;
Index
sleeve seams from the underarm to the wrist; and skirt /
P R A C T I C E PAT T E R N S pant seams from the hem to the waistline.
Video Contents:
slipping.
7. Seams
Lesson One: The Sewing STUDIO TIPS pin
basting
8. Darts
» To make the sewing process easier on sheer or slippery Basting stitches are long temporary stitches made by
Machine and Sewing fabrics, place a piece of tissue paper under fabric to
prevent slipping. After stitching, tear the tissue away.
hand or machine, approximately 6 stitches per inch (2.4
per cm). Ends are not fastened or backstitched. Before
basting stitches are removed, threads are snipped every
9. Pleats and Tucks Equipment » When sewing velvet or pile fabrics, hand baste along the
seam line to prevent the fabric from slipping. Stitch the
seam in the direction of the pile.
few inches to facilitate removal.
10. Bias and Bias Treatments Lesson Two: Seams » Areas where there is strain or a need for reinforcement,
such as points of collars, cuffs, and pointed faced openings
of necklines, need a finer, tighter stitch, usually 16 to 18
27
Construction
Contents
Preface
1. Tailoring Slant Yoke
2. The Pattern Side & Slant Pocket Facing ⅜"(1cm)
28
Construction
5
correct side of interfacing
correct side of interfacing
correct
correct side
side of
of interfacing
interfacing
Wrong
wrong side ofSide
fabric of Fabric
wrong side of fabric
wrong
wrong side
side of
of fabric
fabric
correct side of underlining
Correct
correct
correct side
Side
side of
of Underlining
correct side of underlining
of underlining
underlining
Stitching Knits:
Julie Cole owns a business designing couture Working with Stretch
Stitching Order
wrong side of fusible interfacing
wrong side of fusible interfacing
wrong
wrong side
side of
of fusible
fusible interfacing
interfacing
K
correct side of underlining
nits are comfortable, easy to wear, wrinkle free, “forgiving” in fit, and easy to care for, and are
correct side of underlining
correct side of underlining
K EY T ER MS
great travel clothes for all these reasons. Knits can be elegant, funky, sporty, innovative, and 2-Thread Serger Felted Wool
classic. The very thing that makes knits wonderful is also what makes them tricky—stretch.
correct side ofToo
correct side of lining much Stitch Invisible Casing
stretch, and the garment fit could be a disaster; not enough stretch, and it could be a disaster. The 3-Thread Serger Joined Elastic
amount of stretch in a knit replaces many fitting details such as style lines, princess seams, and Stitch Casing
width and/or the length. The huge variety of weights, blends, and textures of knits requires careful Stitch Open Serged Seam
consideration of the use of the knit for the style of the garment. Knit and woven fabrics need very 4-Thread Serger Rotary Cutter and
Contents
different designs, because knit fabric stretches and woven fabrics don’t (the exception being woven Stitch Mat
fabrics with a small percentage of Lycra added for comfort). The percentage of stretch (referred to as 5-Thread Serger Seam Finish
stretch factor or stretch capacity) in the fabric replaces the ease of the garment, and how this stretch Stitch Serged Hem
is utilized in the design is what determines the fit of the garment. Typically, knits have fewer design Activewear Serger
Casings Single Knit Jersey
Preface
lines, making them faster and easier to fit and construct. Although speedy sewing may be part of the
attraction to stitching with knits, it does not mean sacrificing quality stitching or design. Chainstitch Sweater Knit
This chapter will direct you on how to stitch successfully with knits, which are very versatile Closed Serged Seam Three-Stitch Zigzag
fabrics. Acquiring this skill requires you to become knowledgeable about the different stretch Courses or Loops Twin Needle
Acknowledgments capacities of each knit and how those differences must be applied to the garment being designed.
Utilizing the stretch in each knit impacts the fit of the knit garment, and without good fit, there isn’t
Crooked Straight
Stitch
Twin Needle Hem
Wales or Ribs
good design. Mastering the stretch is mastering the knit, and this may require time and patience as Double Knit Zigzag Stitch
2. Getting Prepared: Sewing Flirty F IG U R E 5 .6 SE WING MACH INE S TR ETCH S TITCHE S FIGURE 5.7 SERGER STITCHES
3. Introduction to Stabilizers:
needle thread
needle thread
the Wrist F I G U R E 5 . 7A 2 -T H R E A D F I G U R E 5 . 7 B 3 -T H R E A D
6. Darts: Tapering to Fit the Garment FIGURE 5.6D TRIPLE STR AIGHT STITCH
Glossary
Good Fit FIGURE 5.6E T WIN NEEDLE STITCHING
F I G U R E 5 . 7 C 4 -T H R E A D F I G U R E 5 . 7 D 5 -T H R E A D
Where to Buy
SERGER STITCH SERGER STITCH
Index
after. While the garment is being developed, the and guided by the individual style being stitched. thread combinations depending on the number
9. Tucks and Pleats: Tailoring a Texture fit is being perfected. Recutting, restitching, and
more fitting continue until the style is exactly how
Consultation with your instructor will also help
in making the best decision.
of threads they can utilize. Sergers set up in pro-
duction usually produce just one type of stitch:
29
Construction
Textbook
Textbook
Key Titles
Textbook
30
Patternmaking and Draping Key Titles
www/Textbook
Contents
5″
¼″GI
C.B.
• A–F = A yoke depth; measure down (ex: 5″).
String tunnel
classic-Fit Style • F–G = Draw a line perpendicular to the center (ex:¾″)
style vs Classic-Fit
back. W.L.
13. Vests
1. Zipper and placket
• H = The midpoint of line F–G.
2. Inner drawstring
• G–I = Measure up ¼″.
3. Standing collar and zipper with concealed
3. Necklines
• I–H = Draw a straight line.
7. Details Appendices
• J–K and K–L = Draw an epaulette shape
according to the design. E K A
2
• L–M = Epaulette belt placement; measure in J
⅝″
C.B.
(ex: 1″). =Back-neck
9. Pants D. Glossary of Terms Moto Jacket 309 310 Chapter 10: Casual Jackets
31
Patternmaking and Draping
B Ox - F R O N T S K I R T 15
a 2.6” (7 cm)
2.6” (7 cm)
Box-Front
Skirt
32
P L E AT- S E C T I O N S K I R T 117
4 6
33
Patternmaking and Draping Key Titles
Textbook
34
Sustainable Fashion
Contents Overview
Introduction
1. Repurposed and Recycled Clothing
and Textiles
2. Quality of Craftsmanship
3. Textile Dyeing
4. Labor Practices
5. Treatment of Animals
Key Titles
www/Textbook
35
Introduction to Textiles
Features
• Includes all pertinent information about each fabric sample pre-
printed on the mounting pages: fabric name, fiber content, yarn
construction, count, coloration, weight, uses, characteristics, and
similarities/differences between fabrics
• Teaching Resources: Instructor's Guide with new Fabric Key
PDF includes swatch pages with mounted fabrics. PowerPoint
presentations include lecture framework and images of front and
back of swatches.
Contents
Preface
How to Use the Swatch Performance Expectations of Twill
Acknowledgements Durability
Fiber to Fashion
• Higher, unbalanced count
3. Fiber Classification:
Right-handed twill
• Hides soil
Manufactured Fibers
14. Warp Knits
Uneven Twills
63°
Synthetic Fibers
balanced, the front and back of these fabrics are always
different (more so with 3-to-1 than 2-to-1). Denim is an
example of this type of twill; this fabric always has an ob-
27°
5. Yarn Classification
has the most pronounced wales and is more attractive
and durable (Figure 8.4).
6. Plain Weaves 17. Fabrics Defined by Finishes [Reference Swatches 70–75, 77, 78]
7. Plain-Weave Variations: Quick Reference Guide Tables Figure 8.3 Twill degrees of diagonal
50
36
Introduction to Textiles Key Titles
Fabric Science quality issues and laws that regulate textiles. 400 pages
Full colour illus
• Updated topics include environmental 216 x 279mm / 8.5 x 11 inches
Allen C. Cohen and Ingrid responsibility, and technology and innovations in
Johnson Three-Ring Binder
industrial textiles Book + STUDIO Bundle
• STUDIO: Fabric Science features online self- 9781501395369
quizzes, assignments and flashcards to help £65.00 / $110.00
students master concepts and improve grades STUDIO Access Card
9781501395123
New edition forthcoming • Teaching Resources: Instructor’s Guide and Fairchild Books
in Fall 2015 PowerPoint presentation available
Textbook
37
Introduction to Textiles Key Titles
Textbook
Future Fabrics; Colouring the Fabric; Draping Your Designs; Editing the
2 11 The Super Twirkle Mini 11
2 A selection of natural Dress by CuteCircuit is an
fibre fabrics. interactive minidress utilizing
d e smart technology. The fabric
c a Silk georgette is embedded with CuteCircuit
f i
ABSTRACT
Painterly Cotton, England,
c.1920s
A roller-printed
20th Century furnishing fabric
During the early 20th century a designed by
Minnie McLeish
number of well-known artists tried for William Foxton
their hand at pattern-making for Ltd. McLeish was
textiles. This development, often in known for bold,
bright patterns that
conjunction with the rise of abstraction
owe something to
in modern painting, was also reflected Linen, England, 1913 the influence of
in commercial patterns of the time. ‘Amenophis’, a furnishing fabric, was Cubist painters,
The similarity of a flat canvas and produced by Roger Fry for the Omega in this case visible
Workshops. Their innovative textile designs particularly in the
a flat textile ready for printing is set a fashion for abstract and geometric central column
clear. The combination of abstract themes. The pattern here is based on Fry’s of heavily
forms and geometry, often with a very painting Still Life with Eggs and Books. abstracted flowers.
lively working of the shapes and
colours within a design, represented a
‘modern’ approach to patterning that
was revolutionary.
Cotton, France, early 20th century Silk, France, c. 1920s Cotton, England, 1923
Designed by the Art Deco artist Madame The influence of fine painters on decorative This roller-printed furnishing fabric
Andrada, this furnishing fabric of printed art in France at this time was very strong, features a painterly palette of colours
cotton exhibits an exuberant abstract but and many artists worked as designers as reflecting contemporary art, within an
regular pattern featuring various geometric well. In this example, the influence of the abstract geometric pattern of rectangular
shapes in assorted warm bright colours, Fauves and their bold colour schemes is planes. Each rectangle is decorated with
and including a black and white combined with an exotic image of a stylised zigzag patterns comprising a multitude of
chequerboard pattern. woman with a turban. different colours.
150 151
38
Textile Design and Technology
www/Textbook
Features
• “Designer Profiles” and “Collection Spotlights” show current
examples of surface design end uses
• Includes helpful hints, important facts, shortcuts and mistakes to
avoid throughout chapters
• Provides step-by-step instructions, fabric quick guide keys,
application methods, tools and material needed, and safety tips for
every technique
• Spiral, stay-flat binding is easy to use in a studio environment
• STUDIO: Surface Design for Fabric includes video tutorials of
select techniques plus online self-quizzes and flashcards
• Teaching Resources: Instructor’s Guide and Test Bank available
Contents
Preface
1. Dyeing and Staining Fabric
2. Discharging Colour and
Using Resists
3. Transfer and Printing
4. Fiber Manipulation
5. Fabric Manipulation
6. Embroidery
7. Embellishment
8. Combining Techniques
Appendix A: Tips, Workspace,
and Preparation
Appendix B: Visual Library of
Materials
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
39
Textile Design and Technology Key Titles
Contents
Introduction D E C O R AT I N G S U R FAC E S : E M B E L L I S H I N G A N E x I S T I N G S U R FAC E
1. Visual Research
5
Decorating surfaces: effect and appreciation, beading should not only create a new visual
2. Repeat Structures
effect, but should also change the weight and handle of an object. The
embellishing an
embellishment and encrusting effect not only adds texture to a surface
but makes an object glitter, shimmer and shine.
6. Deconstructing and Disrupting transform the everyday, giving a rich couture finish to the overlooked
and indistinguishable. Can you over-bead? Never! If you do not
immediately see the impact, there is no point in beading at all. Even in
80 Example of beading worked over
folded/pleated fabric grounds.
scale, finish and cut. Finishes can range from matt, iridescent, pearlised,
metallic and so forth, while cut can have a range of faceted, textured or
shaped beads. Conventional beads can range from glass to plastic. By
Surfaces
81 Example of encrusted beading where
a small detail like a button or a motif, beads should never be eked out we see the stretch fabric base the beads are sourcing a wide variety you will have a rich palette of shades and tints
or used so sparingly as not to be seen at first glance. For full dynamic attached to. to your colours. Subtle or dramatic variations of beads allow for a richer
depth of field and create a lot more movement as the images or effects
become more trompe l’oeil and less flat. Ultimately, to achieve couture
Preparation 83
Suppliers Beading does need time and adequate workspace to have everything
to hand. When beading is for a 2D ground, it is best to stretch it in a
hoop or frame then clamp this to a worktop, to allow for the use of two
83 Treasure chest of beads.
hands. This saves time and is especially applicable to big projects. For
Gallery large images or expanses of beading, using a quilting frame will mean
that you don’t need to re-hoop over an area you have already beaded.
Binding a hoop
Acknowledgements
46 47
Index
textile surface manipulation with AU edits 21.5.13.indd 46 28/05/2013 11:54 textile surface manipulation with AU edits 21.5.13.indd 47 28/05/2013 11:54
Contents
Introduction R AG RU G C R E AT I o N S G A L L E Ry
56 115
rag rug creations - corrected second proofs 2.9.13.indd 56 07/10/2013 10:56 rag rug creations - final file to print 17.10.13.indd 115 22/10/2013 12:37
40
Textile Design and Technology
Contents
Introduction
1. History of Printed Textiles
2. Technologies, Substrates and Dyes
3. The Process of Digital Printing
4. Art and Design Practice
5. Essence of Digital Textile Printing
6. Crossing Disciplines
7. Sustainability and Ethics
8. Authenticity
Bibliography
Index
Key Titles
The Complete “Excellent resource for students as an
updated reference book, reminder of
2011
41
Textile History and Culture
Introduction
1. Artists’ Statements 9. Can Pakeha Make Customary Maori
Julie Ryder: Reflections on Charles Art? A Conversation in New Zealand
Darwin’s South Pacific (Australia) with Weaver Margaret White and
2. Jorge Lizarazo and Hechizoo: Damian Skinner (New Zealand)
Colombian Voyages and Explorations 10. Crafting Difference: Art, Cloth and
(Colombia) the African Diaspora, Christine
3. Cecilia Vicuña: QUIPUing from Checinska (University of East
Santiago, Chile to Sydney, Australia London, UK)
(Chile) 11. From Brixton to Mostar: Social
4. Elaine Reichek: Revisiting a Practice Through Textiles, Françoise
Postcolonial Kinderhood in America Dupré (Birmingham City University,
(USA) UK)
5. Mr. Somebody & Mr. Nobody: African 12. A Post-Slavery Reading of Cotton:
Design Exported (South Africa) Lubaina Himid (University of Central
Lancashire, UK) in conversation with
6. Dutch Wax Resist Textiles: Roger
Sabine Broeck and Alice Schmid
Gerards, Creative Director of Vlisco,
(both of the University of Bremen,
and Jessica Hemmings (National
Germany)
College of Art & Design, Dublin,
Republic of Ireland) 13. Contemporary Textile Imagery in
Southern Africa: a Question of
7. An Imagined Africa: Stories told
Ownership, Sarah Rhodes (Central
by Contemporary Textiles, Jessica
Saint Martins, University of the Arts
Hemmings (National College of Art &
London, UK)
Design, Dublin, Republic of Ireland)
14. Social Sutra: A Platform for Ethical
8. Weaving, Tradition and Tourism in
Textiles in Partnerships Between
Ghana: “The End of Skill”, Mamle
Australia and India, Kevin Murray
Kabu (Ghana)
(Australia)
Index
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1. Touch 5. Stain
2. Weave 6. Matter: Materiality, Maternity, Dust
3. Fold Bibliography
4. Stitch and Repair Index
42
44 45
o ppo s i te a nd a B ove Cecilia Vicuña, Quipu Austral, 2012. Tasmanian wool fleece, installation 18th Sydney Biennale, Australia, June 27 – September,
16, 2012. Photograph by the artist.
46 47
Cecilia Vicuña, Quipu Austral, 2012. Tasmanian wool fleece, installation 18th Sydney Biennale, Australia, June 27 – September, 16, 2012. Cecilia Vicuña, Quipu Austral, 2012. Tasmanian wool fleece, installation 18th Sydney Biennale, Australia, June 27 – September, 16, 2012.
Photograph by the artist. Photograph by the artist.
I first encountered quipus as a teenager, and A decade later, in exile in London, while which stars and galaxies are born. The gluon the and thread, hand and voice. To write with breath
something in me knew they belonged – like poetry enduring the pain of loss from the military coup Large Hadron Collider can’t find. is to see the body and the cosmos in a continuous
– outside time and space, despite being in time and in Chile, I created a large quipu above my bed and Emptiness is connection. reciprocal exchange.
space. This non-local quality of the quipu acts as a I slept under it for the memory of the pain not to I began making monumental quipus and Chanccani Quipu condenses the clash and
connector between dimensions. Touching the threads leave my body. precarious weavings of unspun wool in the early collaboration between two cultures and worldviews:
or thinking about them I re-enter a different scale of Years later, walking along Lake Titicaca in 1990s. Cloud-Net (1999) was dedicated to global the Andean oral universe of threads and the Western
the imagination. The quipu knots me into new ways Bolivia I observed that alpaca herders tied unspun warming, and Canoes of Light (2000), to the world of print.
of being and seeing. wool dyed in rainbows to the ears of their alpacas. indigenous view of the life force. In Quipu Austral, created for the 18th Sydney
I began making quipus in the mid 1960s as an The fibres hung and danced in the wind as prayer In my book Chanccani Quipu (2012) I Biennale, I connected two ancient traditions of the
act of poetic resistance. El quipu que no recuerda nada flags do in Tibet. In the Andean worldview ritual metaphorically wrote with breath on the unspun southern hemisphere: the Andean quipu and the
(the quipu that remembers nothing), an imaginary tying increases the fertility of the herd. wool by printing words on the outer hairs of fleece. aboriginal Australian songline. Quipus and songlines
cord laid out in my bedroom in Santiago, was my Unspun wool is all potential, nothing holds it The Quechua word quipucamayoc, or quipu maker, participate in the web of life by creating complex
first quipu work. I wrote: ‘an empty cord is the core, together, except the desire of togetherness in each means ‘the one who animates and gives life to the interactions between land, memory and sound
the heart of memory, the earth listening to us’. hair. Unspun wool stands for the cosmic gas from knot’. A quipu depends on the interaction of breath enacted through song and speech.
43
Fashion and Costume History
Features
• Visual Summary Tables show clear line drawings of period
garments
• Illustrated Tables depict important accessories, footwear and
headwear for each era
• Modern Influences photo feature shows modern interpretations of
historic fashions NEW ONLINE STUDENT RESOURCES
• Teaching Resources: Updated Instructor’s Guide, Test Bank, STUDIO: Survey of Historic Costume
Image Bank and PowerPoint presentations available includes digital study tools, including the
Student Study Guide eBook (see facing
New to this edition page for more details)
• Over 20% new illustrations
• Expanded and redesigned chapter timelines present an overview
and images of historic events in each chapter focusing on fashion
and textiles, politics and conflicts, decorative and fine arts,
economics and trade, technology, and religion
• New Global Connections boxes highlight dress and textiles from
around the world including China, India, Japan, Latin America, Africa
and more
• New Chapter 20 covers twenty-first century dress from 2000 to the
present
Contents
Preface 140 PART TWO The Middle Ages CHAPTER FIVE The Early Middle Ages 141
Acknowledgements it was in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred made of mail.” (See Figure 5.30.) Mail in medieval Europe was made
of circular rings, each ring having four other rings hooked through it.
Vi su al S u m m ar y Table
major garments of the Byzantine and early medieval periods
1. Introduction
The Bayeux Tapestry is one of the earliest and most the mail, the helmet was worn only for combat as it
important sources of information about the appear- was too uncomfortable for general wear. In the last
ance of medieval armor. Dated from the second half half of the 13th century, large crests in animal or bird-
of the 11th century, or slightly later, the tapestry depicts like shapes were placed on top of the helmet so as to
Part 1: The Ancient World: Part 4: Baroque and 15. The Edwardian Period
not only the events leading to but also the actual Battle identify the knight.
of Hastings, which took place in 1066. In the tapes- The use of closed helmets brought about changes
try many figures wear knee-length shirts of mail, in hairstyles. Men wore their hair shorter and were
2. The Ancient Middle East: 9. The Seventeenth 1920 hood is made in one with the body of the hauberk for
maximum protection of the neck. Some figures also
wore leg protectors of mail, or chausses (shos). Some
chain mail. Their protection was most likely limited
to reinforced, quilted coats such as those worn under
the armor to which they might add quilted leg guards.
Byzantine man,
c. 6th century
Byzantine woman,
c. 6th century
Byzantine man,
c. 11th century
chausses merely covered the front of the leg while By the end of the 13th century, a change from mail
c. 3500-600 BC Century: 1600-1700 16. The Twenties, Thirties, others were more like hose and fitted all around. On
the head and over the mail hood, the warrior placed a
cone-shaped helmet with a barlike extension that cov-
to plate armor had begun.
3. Crete and Greece: 10. The Eighteenth Century: In the mid-12th century men began wearing a sur-
cote over the armor. (See Figure 5.31.) Possibly the
modern in Fl uenC es
1947
practice originated during the Crusades in an attempt Contemporary designers cut
c.2900-300 BC 1700-1790
to protect the metal armor from the heat of the in styles and lengths that
Mediterranean sun, a custom possibly copied from are very different from the
Muslim soldiers. In later periods soldiers wore sur- medieval period, nevertheless Byzantine woman, Medieval European man, Medieval European woman,
Conformity Prevails:
hood of mail were inspira-
1947-1960
menswear collection. Dolce
whole outfit weighed from 25 to 30 pounds and was and Gabbana’s 2013 and 2014
44
Fashion and Costume History
access code to
Phyllis G. Tortora and and result in better retention and higher grades for self-quizzes
Learn context for costumes from
historical era
Once opened, access cards are not replaceable
or returnable.
• Self-quizzes are automatically scored and provide directions for further study
Online tools for more effective study
• Flashcards with images, glossary terms, and definitions
From
Fairchild Books and This card provides access to information that may be required for your course.
45
Fashion and Costume History
Contents
Extended Table of Contents
(alphabetical listing of all entries)
JOSEPH ALTUZARRA
Preface to 6th Edition line, which established his signature silhouette and boosted
Introduction: Fashion—All
Altuzarra is best known for pairing the masculine
with the feminine—the sensual and sexy with the
About Change pragmatic and easygoing. The label is renowned for its
outerwear, but Altuzarra drives his staff to constantly
assess what they do well and what they need to provide
1. Timeline: The Crinoline 7. British Fashion Awards to customers. For example, when Altuzarra designed
a capsule collection for J.Crew in 2012, he carefully
Period (1850-1869) — The 8. Coty Amercian Fashion considered the large number and varied characteristics
New Millennium
of the women he was targeting.
3. Appendices AWARDS: Council of Fashion Designers of America cohosted the kickoff party for the Emmy Awards and
11. Cooper Hewitt Awards in (CFDA)/Vogue Fashion Fund, 2011; Swarovski Award for designed the green room for stars backstage. His clothes
4. Designers by Country of
Womenswear, 2012; Swarovski Award for Designer of the have been worn by celebrities such as Emma Watson,
Fashion Year, 2014 • International Woolmark Prize, 2013 Rihanna, and Angelina Jolie.
Origin
Bibliography Joseph Altuzarra (Al-too-ZAR-uh) is a designer of luxury
women’s ready-to-wear. His multicultural upbringing—
5. Designers by Categories with a Chinese-American mother and French father—has
Credits had an enormous influence on his collections. As a child,
6. Council of Fashion Altuzarra was obsessed with the glamorous side of fashion,
Index of Designers especially Tom Ford for Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent.
46
Fashion and Costume History
Contents
1. Connecting Technology, Dress, Part II: The Industrial Revolution 11. Transportation and its Effects
And Fashion and First Steps Toward the (20th and 21st Centuries)
Fashion Industry 12. The Effects of Sports (19th to
Part I: Before the Revolution
6. Dress And Fashion Move The 21st Century)
2. Dress And The Technologies Of
Industrial Revolution Forward 13. Communications Technologies
Prehistory (Upper Paleolithic To
(18th Century) That Disseminate Fashion
The Neolithic Period)
7. The Central Role Of Dress Information (19th to 21st Century)
3. Technologies And Dress In Towns,
And Fashion In The Industrial Part IV: High Tech Enters
Cities And Empires (Neolithic
Revolution (c. 1800 to 1860)
Period To C. 500 C.E.) 14. Technology Contributes To The
8. Dress, Fashion And Social Globalization Of Fashion (20th
4. Technology And Dress Facilitate
Changes Follow The Industrial and 21st Centuries)
Fashion Change (Dark Ages
Revolution (Nineteenth Century)
to The Seventeenth Century in 15. Environments Interact With
Europe) 9. Tools That Enable Fashion Technologies (20th and 21st
Change And Innovations In Dress Centuries)
5. Some Asian Developments in
(19th Century)
Technology, Dress and Fashion 16. New Technological Frontiers
(End of the Neolithic Period until Part III: The Fashion Industry is For Dress And Fashion (21st
the 17th Century) Born Century)
10. Tools And Processes Expand References
Options For Dress And Fashion
Acknowledgements
(20th and 21st Centuries)
Key Titles
47
Fashion and Costume History
3. 1660s-1720s, Buckle My Shoe radical social and political turmoil of 1789. The French major influence across europe. faded to steel blue) satin over the uppers are decorated
kid leather shoes, c. 1796. with a white scalloped design.
ideals of ‘Liberté, égalité, fraternité’ did not sit well with the Women’s shoes developed throughout europe in tandem they have pointed toes and they have silk ribbon loops
conspicuous displays of wealth that large, over-the-top with the prevailing French styles. Broad, flat heels emerged, 4 cm (1½ in) wedge-shaped and ties to go around the
5. 1790s-1830s, Vive La Révolution by the desire for equality’ (date, p. xx). shoe buckle
manufacturers throughout europe were hit hard. Buckles
didn’t simply disappear overnight, however. As with many
reflected the narrow look of French fashions, with a distinct
pointed toe and a low Italian heel, with or without a wedge.
colours were minimal, often with shoes in a single tone
with tarnished silver thread
and sequins.
Revolution
PR e vailing sTy le s shoes were often accompanied by small leather
the French revolution, and the downfall of the monarchy overshoes, which covered the toe and had an elasticated
in particular, did much to damage France’s reputation – and loop that went around the heel. slip-on shoes, rather like a
paris, once the epicentre of all things tasteful, went silent. court shoe, were common in black, often with a cut-out
7. 1880s-1920s, Toward the Modern design on the vamp that had a coloured leather insert –
delicately reminiscent of the cuts and slashes seen on
medieval footwear in the past (see pp. 34–5).
Age
8. 1930s-1947, Glamor and Utility
9. 1947-1970s, A New Era
10. 1980s-Present Day
Appendices
Bibliography
Index
84 85
Key Titles
The Hundred “McKean and illustrator Mehalko have
created a book so charming that any critic
2013
48
shoes: An IllustrAted HI story
Th e Pl aT F o rm r e vi val
The 1990s heralded a platform that was altogether higher
and clumpier than ever before, and which was popularized
by the UK girl band the spice Girls. For some, this band
will forever be associated with the Buffalo trainer and
glitter Union Jack platform ankle boot.
through their music, names and styling, the five spice Girls
became role models for thousands of young girls across the
world. everyone had a favourite spice Girl to emulate –
Baby, Ginger, scary, Posh or sporty.
G i r l P ow e r
the mood of the day was all about empowerment and the
right shoes were vital for the look. Baby and Ginger
favoured the Buffalo trainer with 20 cm (8 in) soles. the
Buffalo firm had been established in 1979 with their HQ at
Hochheim an Main, Germany. their 20 cm (8 in) platform-
soled trainers were a global success in the 1990s and early
2000s, largely down to the popularity of the spice Girls.
While scary spice was often seen in leopard-print boots
and sporty wore sneakers, Posh had girly heels. Geri
Halliwell will always be remembered for wearing that union
Jack dress made from a tea towel at the Brit Awards in
February 1997, which she teamed it with a pair of red s h o rT- l i v e d Fa m e above: the spice Girls pose
platform boots.. Although platforms were popular with the young, for a photograph in 1997.
newspapers and parents frequently expressed their each is wearing her trademark
footwear: stilettos for Posh,
disapproval about their unsuitability for everyday wear. trainers for sporty and
Baby spice, emma Bunton, twisted her ankle wearing them. platforms for scary, Ginger
In Japan a girl reputedly fell to her death wearing 12.7 cm and Baby.
(5 in) platforms. they earned themselves the nickname
‘Frankenstein’ shoes and had more in common with opposite: these union Jack
orthopaedic footwear than the platform of the 1970s glitter boots were made by
(see pp. 210–11). shelly’s of london, c. 1997. the
style became synonymous with
the Girl Power sentiment of
the spice Girls phenomenon.
Fa shi o n i sto
Th e s h o e As ArT
yo u C An l ook , But don’ t touCH
shoes are practical, they can be truly beautiful and, as in C A n dAC e b A h o u T h opposite: Gaza Bowen’s red
the 1970s, they can feature as works of art. It was during Candace Bahouth designed and created the amazing winter shoe reader, 1994. the shoe is
this decade that shoes became embraced as sculptural art and spring boots with technical help from walker’s shoes; constructed from a red leather,
stiletto-heeled court shoe, cut
forms – a little tongue in cheek, perhaps, but always playful they were commissioned by the Crafts Council in 1979. at the back of the forepart and
and fun. A number of art styles could still be worn, these boots are made from pink tapestry decorated with with a concertina-page book
although many of them were purely decorative. appropriate winter and spring accessories – so spring inserted between the two
flowers and birds or winter birds and flowers in frosty halves. the book pages feature
the 1979 Crafts Council shoe show: British shoes since looking colours. Complete with synthetic, green grass wedge images and text relating to
high-heeled shoes.
1790 highlighted an obsession with shoes that surprised heels, they were not practical for wearing.
many. People showed interest, not only in shoe style and
history, but also in the fact that shoes could be turned into
something magical and sculptural.
T h e A C A dA b r A
thea Cadabra’s fantasy shoes from the 1970s are sold as
wearable art. Her maxim was, ‘wearing wonderful shoes is a
truly uplifting experience’. Cadabra’s designs carried themes
and featured three-dimensional motifs that lent drama to
her creations. Best known among her designs are the Cloud
and rainbow, the dragon, the Maid and the Bat. the Cloud
and rainbow is an amazing shoe, essentially a court shoe in
blue suede, which has been skilfully accessorized with a
leather rainbow and little beads symbolizing the rain.
G Az A b ow e n
Internationally renowned sculptor Gaza Bowen has
exhibited extensively since 1978. In the broadest sense her
work is an enquiry in to the non-verbal communication
between people and objects, and for nearly twenty years
she has focused her attention on shoes: their construction,
history, cultural meaning and social significance. she made
the red shoe reader and her famous tuff scuffs – feminine
mules adorned with scouring pads!
pAtte n e vo l u tion
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the highlighted the problem of a country girl aspiring to look left: women’s buckle latchet
practical solution for raising oneself out of the mud and like her mistress by swapping her ‘high wooden pattens’ for shoes with matching clog
the wet was the iron-ringed patten. At its simplest, this ‘leather clogs’ when she came to work in london. overshoes in a floral silk
brocade/damask, 1680–1720.
involved a rough, foot-shaped piece of wood, the toe ‘Patynmakers’ are first mentioned in City of london the shoes have 5 cm (2 in)
of which echoed the shape in fashion at the time. Worn records in 1379 and a pair of pattens features in the Arnolfini heels covered in red, Morocco
beneath a person’s shoes, a patten had leather latchet Portrait of 1434 (see p. 38). they were worn across northern leather. It is difficult to match
ties that came up over the foot for tying securely. europe, Italy and other countries to raise the wearer out of up clogs with shoes but these
some variations also had leather toecaps. the mud on the streets. do have the same binding.
the clog overshoes would
have prevented wear to the
An iron stalk was attached to the patten, at the end of c l o g ov e r s h o e s shoe sole, but offered little
which was an iron ring, usually oval in shape. the idea was If pattens were for country folk and the working classes, practical protection from dirty,
that as the iron ring made contact with the ground, it then clog overshoes were for the upper classes. these small, wet streets. they became
distributed the wearer’s weight and aided mobility. odd-looking overshoes consisted of textile uppers and must-have fashion accessories,
indicating a rich and, therefore,
these pattens must have been very difficult to walk in, leather soles, with the most practical versions being made more sedentary lifestyle.
since there was no flexibility in the solid wooden platform. entirely of leather. the clog’s sole fitted beneath the wearer’s
A certain amount of leg lifting and stomping action was shoe and was curved and shaped in such a way that it fitted
necessary, unless one could master the glide, which was snugly within the arch of the shoe, leaving an area to
difficult on uneven surfaces. As with pattens of the Middle accommodate the heel at the back. the style was not as
Ages (see pp. 38–9), hinges were added to some styles in an practical for outdoor, however, and quickly became little
attempt to increase flexibility. more than a fashion accessory. wealthy patrons ordered a
pair of shoes from their shoemaker, who at the same time
A l oWe r - c l As s p h e n o m e n o n could make a pair of matching overshoes for showing off
Highly functional and cumbersome in appearance, pattens when companions came to visit.
did not appeal to the aristocracy and were generally worn
by the less wealthy and countryside dwellers. In 1725 daniel
defoe published Every-Body’s Business is No-Body’s Business,
a pamphlet on the breakdown of the social order. In it, he
74 75
49
Fashion and Costume History Key Titles
Textbook
50
The Dress and Fashion
Research Series
The Dress and Fashion Research series is an outlet for high-quality, in-depth scholarly research on
previously overlooked topics and new approaches. Showcasing work on fashion and dress, each book
in this interdisciplinary series focuses on a specific theme or area of the world that has been hitherto
under-researched, instigating new debates and bringing new information and analysis to the fore.
Contents
Introduction
Part I: Going for a Burton: menswear Epilogue: Getting the Right Fit – Objects/
advertising from austerity to affluence, Images/Readers
1945-1957
Bibliography
Part II: Thinking young: menswear
Index
advertising and the generation games,
1958-1978
Part III:Leader of the pack: jeans
advertising since the 1960s
Contents
Introduction
1. Moroccan Fashion as Tradition Conclusion
2. Three Generations of Moroccan Transcription of Arabic
Fashion Designers
Notes
3. Moroccan Lifestyle Media
Bibliography
4. The Impact of Foreign Fashion
Index
Brands
5. The Consumption of Moroccan
Fashion
51
Fashion Journalism
Textbook
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of illustrations
Part 1: What is Criticism? 8. Fashion And Morality: Leo 16. Being Critical About
1. Introduction tolstoy’s What Is Art? ‘Deconstruction’: Theoretical
9. Paul Poiret: ‘Sultan of Fashion’ – Approach or ‘Le Destroy’?
2. Aristotle and the Origins of
Criticism From Tradition to Innovation 17. What Is A Reviewer? – And How
10. Diana Vreeland: ‘Why Don’t You?’ Can We Recognise One?
3. Talking in private: the Academies
and the Salons – The Invention of The Fashion 18. What Gives Suzy Menkes The
Editor Status of Professional Critic?
4. Understanding Taste: The Critic
as Qualified Observer 11. Christian Dior: The ‘New Look’ 19. ACNE Paper: The Beauty of Print,
And Reporting By Carmel Snow The Splendour of the Page
5. Charles Baudelaire: the Beginning
of Fashion Criticism; The Art Critic 12. Yves Saint Laurent – A 1970s 20. How to Be A ‘Critical’ Blogger:
of the Salons Analysis of ‘The Couturier And His Moving Beyond the PR Release
Brand’ 21. Conclusion: Where Do We Go
6. Oscar Wilde and the Apostles of
Aestheticism 13. What Is Fashion Irony? Mild From Here?
Sarcasm or Feigning Ignorance?
Bibliography
14. Reporting on the Japanese
Part 2: Reporting Fashion: Index
Revolution In Paris
Overview
15. Richard Martin as Essayist: Karl
7. Snapshots Lagerfeld Reworks Chanel
Key Titles
Textbook www.Textbook
2009 2008
52
Fashion, Culture and Society
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: The Systematic Study Part III: Culture, Society, and
of Dress : Dress
1. The Classification System 7. The Twenty-first Century
of Dress 8. Earlier Times, Other People
2. Studying Dress, Culture, and Places
and Society Part IV: Art, Aesthetics, and
3. Records of the Types of Dress
Dress 9. The Art of Creating Dress
4. Written Interpretations of 10. Ideals for Individual
Dress Appearance and the Art of
Part II: Physical Appearance, Dress
Environment, and Dress 11. The Art of Dress: Conformity
5. Physical Appearance and and Individuality
Dress 12. Dress and the Arts
6. Body, Dress, and Bibliography
Environment
Credits for Figures
Index
53
Fashion, Culture and Society
Winner of the 2014 Ray and Pat Browne Award for Best Edited Collection for the
Pop Culture Association / American Writers Association
54
Fashion, Culture and Society
Key Titles
Winner of the 2014 Emily Toth Award for Best Single Work in Womens’
Studies for the Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association
Dress, the Body life. As [Twigg] puts it, ‘age is not just
peripheral to fashion but positively erosive
184 pages
12 bw illus
and Later Life of it.’ Drawing on interviews with those 234 x 156mm / 9.2 x 6.1 inches
who wear, sell and write about fashion, PB 9781847886958
Julia Twigg Twigg addresses a range of questions £19.99 / $29.95
about how we negotiate fashion as we get HB 9781847886965
older...The author’s grasp of the nuances £65.00 / $120.00
of interpretation of fashion, dress and Bloomsbury Academic
clothing is excellent.” Times Higher Education
Supplement
55
Fashion, Culture and Society
Contents
Acknowledgements
1. Photographing Ballroom 11. Costuming
2. How the Book Came About 12. Competitions
3. The Ethics 13. Rhythm
4. The Photography 14. Smooth
5. The Images 15. Latin Ballroom
6. Photographing Ballroom
7. Ballroom Dancing: An Introduction
16. Standard
17. Ballroom Dance and Glamour
Dancing
An Introduction
1. 1959 World Ballroom Championships.
Held on March 10, at the Lyceum
Ballroom in London, with the Joe Loss
History and Culture
With roots in fifteenth-century Europe and the French royal court,
ballroom dancing, and its associated costuming, has always
been linked to social class and gender roles.1 With France as the
10. Dancers References steps (starting in 1920) a model was set for the ‘proper’ ballroom
gentleman and lady, with competitive ballroom linking such
models of social class and gender with completion, performance,
and spectacle (as seen in Figure 1).
11 Ballroom Dancing
Key Titles
David Foy
2012
2011
128 pages
128 pages 125 colour illus
125 colour illus 276 x 219mm / 10.9 x 8.6 inches
276 x 219mm / 10.9 x 8.6 inches PB 9781408173763
PB 9781408156636 £18.99 / $24.00
£14.99 / $29.99 Bloomsbury Visual Arts
Bloomsbury Visual Arts PB 9781620401057
£18.99 / $24.00
Bloomsbury USA
56
45. Smooth on Display.
Performing Dance Legends 2013,
former US Professional Smooth
Champions Tomas Mielnicki and JT
Damalas showcase both competition
(left) and show (facing page) costuming.
© 2013 Jonathan S. Marion.
60 Smooth 61 Smooth
57
Fashion, Culture and Society
Fashion and Jazz Drawing on fashion studies and cultural theory, the
book provides an in-depth analysis of the social
UK January 2015
US March 2015
Dress, Identity and political entanglements of jazz and dress,
with chapters exploring race, class and gender. 208 pages
and Subcultural A variety of case studies, ranging from Billie 30 bw illus
Holliday and Ella Fitzgerald to Louis Armstrong 234 x 156mm / 9.2 x 6.1 inches
Improvisation and Chet Baker, present a critical overview of jazz PB 9780857851277
performers as modern icons of fashion and style. £19.99 / $34.95
Alphonso McClendon HB 9780857851260
Alphonso McClendon is an Assistant Professor
£55.00 / $99.95
in the Department of Fashion and Design and
Series: Dress, Body, Culture
Merchandising at Drexel University, USA.
Bloomsbury Academic
58
Fashion, Culture and Society
Key Titles
3rd Edition www/Textbook
59
Fashion, Culture and Society Key Titles
60
Fashion, Culture and Society
Contents
1. Introducing Japanese Fashion, Past 5. Ribbons and Lace: Girls, Decorative
and Present Femininity and Androgyny
2. Lost in a Gaze: Young Men and 6. An Ivy Boy and a Preppy Girl: Style
Fashion in Contemporary Japan Import-Export
3. Boy’s Elegance: A Liminality of 7. Concluding Japanese Fashion
Boyish Charm and Old-World Suavity Cultures, Change and Continuity
4. Glacé Wonderland: Cuteness, Bibliography
Sexuality and Young Women Index
Key Titles
Textbook
2012 2013
61
World Dress and Anthropology
Contents
1. Introduction: “Fashion” and India
2. Fashion, Class and Modernity
3. The Image and Ideals of Indian
Fashion: Beauty, Celebrity and the
Fashion Magazine
4. Indian Design: Designers, Branding
and the Shaping Local and Global
Tastes
5. From Bollywood to Street: Youth
Trends, Everyday Style and Popular
Culture
6. Modern Indian Menswear and
Concepts of Masculinity
7. Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
Key Titles
2008 2010
62
Reference
Features
• The first comprehensive reference work on this subject in any
language (including Arabic)
• Generously illustrated with 830 images, patterns and diagrams,
many never previously published or on public view
• Provides detailed coverage of the embroiders, their materials and
techniques, and embroidery’s development over time, up to and
including its use by modern fashion designers from the region
Contents
Preface
Timeline
Part I: General Information • Embroidered Tiraz • Embroidery from Lebanon
• Introduction • The Kiswah • Embroidery from Jordan
• The Embroiderers • Egyptian Applique and the Street of • Embroidery from Syria
• Foreign Influences and Sources the Tent Makers • Embroidery from Iraq
• Materials and Equipment • Ottoman Turkish Embroidery • Embroidery from Saudi Arabia
• Hand and Machine Embroidery Part III: Regional Embroidery • Snapshot: Saudi Arabian Fashion
Techniques • Snapshot: The Maghreb Designer Adnan Akbar
• Designs and Colours • Embroidery from Morocco • Snapshot: Saudi Arabian Fashion
Part II: Archaeological and • Snapshot: The Jewish Kiswa Designer Yahya al-Bishri
Historical Embroideries El-kabir • Embroidery from Sudan
• Embroideries from the Tomb of • Embroidery from Algeria • Embroidery from Yemen
Tutankhamun • Embroidery from Tunisia • Snapshot: Naeksha Harazi: The
• Late Classical and Early Medieval • Embroidery from Libya Hand Embroidery Company of Al
Embroideries from Egypt and Nubia Hajjarah, Yemen
• Snapshot: Tuareg Embroidery
• Early Embroideries from Palestine, • Snapshot: Zarrie Work from India
• Embroidery from Egypt
Syria and Iraq • Embroidery from Oman
• Embroidery from the Negev and
• Coptic, Byzantine and Arab Sicilian • Embroidery from the Gulf States
Sinai
Embroideries
• Snapshot: Abas and bishts • Snapshot: Colonel and Mrs
• Medieval Embroideries from Dickson’s Embroidered Garments
Egyptian Archaeological Sites • Ecclesiastical Embroidery from the
Eastern Part IV: Resources
• Medieval Embroideries from Qasr
• Samaritan and Jewish Ritual • Stitch Appendix
Ibrim, Egyptian Nubia
Embroidery • Glossary of Terms and Historic
• Medieval Embroideries from the
• An Introduction to Palestinian Writers’ Names
Qadisha Valley, Lebanon
Embroidery • Bibliography
• Medieval Styles of Embroidery
from Egypt and the Eastern • Palestinian Embroidery and • Index
Mediterranean Clothing
63
Reference Key Titles
4th Edition
8th Edition
64
Reference Key Titles
It was in the realm of fashion that the impact of extravagant hats as well as having a flair for fashion and
“Orientalism” could also be profoundly felt. Platform finery were, and still are, the trademarks of successful
shoes from central Asia led to the creation of the milliners.
Venetian chopine in the sixteenth century. Textiles The first celebrated “Marchande de Mode,” or “mo-
from all over Asia, primarily China, India, and Tur- diste” as they were later called in France, was Rose
key, inspired the creation of fashions like the robe á la Bertin (1744–1813). Her name is linked with Queen
turquerie in the eighteenth century. This was a more Marie-Antoinette of France, the most extravagant
extraordinary phenomenon since the fear of Turk- and illfated fashion icon of the eighteenth century. It
ish Islamic invaders was a constant and imminent could be argued that Marie-Antoinette and her “Min-
threat. Coupled with the threat of an invasion was a istre de Modes,” Rose Bertin established haute couture
diametrically opposed view: the romantic notion of a in Paris and thus made it the capital of fine fashion.
far-distant land, such as Cathay (or China), filled with Elaborate hats, demure straw bonnets, and extravagant
genteel philosophers and lovers of art. This idealized headdresses, called “poufs” were the height of fashion
impression of China would continue until the rise of in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Rose
the industrial revolution and European colonialism Bertin’s witty creations were perched high up on the
in the early nineteenth century. The gritty reality of coiffure and featured rising suns, miniature olive trees,
ever-increasing business transactions between East and, most famously, a ship in full sail. Her fame was
Women wearing dresses by Japanese designer Chiyo and West, as well as the ever-encroaching military enhanced by her notoriety and attracted an array of
Tanaka. After World War II, the West showed a reemergence of dominance by European powers in Asia was firmly ladies of European nobility. Her salon survived the
interest in other cultures, and Asian designers began to make cemented by the middle 1800s. French Revolution but sadly all her hats, just like her
an impact in the fashion world. © BETTMANN/CORBIS. REPRODUCED BY As Queen Victoria ascended the throne of England famous clients, have disappeared and can only be traced
PERMISSION. 1837, then the most powerful empire in the world, she in copies of the Journal des modes, which according to
oversaw an eclectic art style that would come to domi- the custom of the period, never mentioned or credited
nate the remainder of the nineteenth century. The Vic- the designer or creator of model hats.
torian era brought together many historical European The fashion for straw bonnets spread to the newly
ORIENTALISM styles of the past, Gothic and Rococo for example, independent America and with it the millinery trade.
which were sometimes surprisingly combined with ele- Betsy Metcalf of Providence, Rhode Island, was one of
The Orient has been a source of inspiration for fashion ments from cultures like Japan. The end result of one the first milliners in the United States. She is said to Portrait of a lady in a gown and elaborate straw hat,
designers since the seventeenth century, when goods amalgamation, Gothic and Japanese, led to the creation have invented a special way of splitting locally grown 1796. Straw bonnets were popular fashion accessories through-
of India, China, and Turkey were first widely seen in of the Aesthetic Movement. Fashion gowns reflected oat straw, which she bleached in sulfur fumes, plaited, out the eighteenth century. © HISTORICAL PICTURE ARCHIVE/CORBIS. RE-
Western Europe. While the use of the term “Oriental- this blend: smocked robes like medieval chemises were and sewed in spirals, creating straw bonnets intersected PRODUCED BY PERMISSION.
ism” has changed over time, it generally refers to the embroidered with asymmetrically placed floral motifs with fine lace and lined with silk. Having started to
appropriation by western designers of exotic stylistic of chrysanthemums, two distinctly Japanese design make hats at the age of twelve, she set the trend for new
conventions from diverse cultures spanning the Asian elements. straw weaving techniques and became the founder of
continent. The influence of Orientalism on fashion could be American millinery. The production of straw hats be-
Though luxury goods have been filtering into Eu- seen in many other ways, both frivolous and profound. came an important home industry and rivaled the ex-
rope from countries like China since ancient times, it For example, the fad for harem pants from Turkey ap- pensive imports of Florentine (Leghorn) straw from
was not until the great age of exploration that a wider peared in the form of fancy dress costume at balls, just Italy. A bonnet that is said to be one of Betsy Metcalf ’s
array of merchandise from cultures throughout Asia as the Zouave costume of North Africa found its way is in the collection of Rhode Island’s Literary and His-
found their way to the west. For example, the importa- into the wardrobes of some Southern soldiers fight- torical Society.
tion of Chinese ceramics exploded in the seventeenth ing in the American Civil War and the closets of Eu- During the nineteenth century, bonnets and hats
century. Not only did these wares remain popular for ropean ladies. On the other hand, items of dress from were not only fashionable, but essential in any woman’s
centuries, they also inspired the creation of stellar ce- Asia would become essential for women through the wardrobe. Bonnets were romantic and coquettish and
ramic companies like Sevres in France and Meissen in mid-nineteenth century. Kashmiri shawls, originally thus the perfect accessory for women of the era. Mil-
Germany. Even plants, like the legendary flower from woven in India then exported to the west in the late linery flourished, led by a strong force of Parisian “mo-
Turkey that led to the “tulipmania” craze in Holland eighteenth century, became a ubiquitous part of the distes,” who set the tone for high fashion and demanded
and the brewed leaf that became the status drink of the neoclassical costume. The shawl was often paired with to be addressed reverently as “Madame.” Famous names Milliner Frederick Fox, March 9, 1993. This famous
well-to-do and evolved into the ritualized “high tea,” fu- a white columnar dress made of diaphanous, finely were Madame Herbault, Madame Guerin, and Ma- hatmaker, shown in his studio, was a royal milliner for Queen
eled the love of all things from Asia. woven Indian cotton. Its popularity inspired many dame Victorine, who created Queen Victoria’s bon- Elizabeth II. Based in London, Fox’s career peaked during the 1970s
nets. Society ladies expected milliners to create unique and 1980s. © TIM GRAHAM/CORBIS. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION.
65
Journals
66
Journals
New in 2014
67
Journals
Fashion Practice Fashion Practice is the first academic peer- Only available on subscription Volume 6 Issue 1 May 2014
Fashion Practice Volume 6 Issue 1 2014
Design, Creative
A Typology of Creativity in Fashion Introduction
68
Index
69
Index
K Pizzuto, Joseph J. 37 T
Kaiser, Susan B. 61 Prendergast, Jennifer 30 Tarlo, Emma 62
Kaur, Jasbir 37 Price, Shannon Bell 67 Technical Sourcebook for Designers 26
Kawamura, Yuniya 7, 59, 60, 61 Professional Sewing Techniques for Tepper, Bette K. 15
Designers 29
Key Concepts for the Fashion Industry 4 Ternus, Kate 15
Kim, Injoo 31 R Textile 67
Kim, Myoungok 31 Rag Rug Creations 40 Textile Book, The 37
Koumbis, Dimitri 14 Rath, Patricia Mink 12, 17 Textile Surface Manipulation 40
Real World Guide to Fashion Selling Textiles and Fashion 25
L
and Management, The 14 Thinking Through Textiles 42
Lady Gaga Style Bible 56
Reilly, Andrew 4, 59 Tortora, Phyllis G. 43, 44, 45, 47, 64
Language of Fashion, The 60
Retail Buying 9 Tulloch, Carol 58
Lee, Jaeil 26
Rocamora, Agnes 54 Twentieth-Century American Fashion 50
Lewis, Danny 56
Rosenau, Jeremy A. 20 Twigg, Julia 55
Litt, Sheri Diamond 8
Rousso, Chelsea 16
Luxury 67 U
S Udale, Jenny 25
M
Sample Workbook to Accompany Professional Uncovering Fashion 52
Marcketti, Sara B. 43, 44, 45 Sewing Techniques for Designers 29
Marion, Jonathan S. 56 V
Sandhu, Arti 62
Mathematics for Retail Buying 15 Sari, The 62 Videtic, Karen M. 13
McAllister, Dr. Helen 40 Seivewright, Simon 25 Visible Self, The 53
McClendon, Alphonso 58 Sewing Techniques 30 Visibly Muslim 62
McKean, Erin 48 Shaw, David 14 Visual Merchandising and Display 15
McKenzie, Stuart 22 Shawcross, Rebecca 48 Visual Merchandising for Fashion 15
McNeil, Peter 52 Sherman, Gerald J. 14 Visual Research Methods in Fashion 7
McNeil, Peter 52 Shoemack, Harvey R. 17 Vogelsang-Eastwood, Gillian 63
Meanings of Dress, The 59 Shoes 48, 49 W
Melchior, Marie Riegels 55 Silent Selling 15
Warner, Helen 54
Miller-Spillman, Kimberly A. 59 Smith, Stacy Stewart 26
Watkins, Susan M. 21
Miller, Daniel 62 Sneakers 59
Welters, Linda 50
Miller, Sanda 52 Sourcing and Selecting Textiles for Fashion 38
Who’s Who in Fashion 46
Millner, Jacqueline 55 Steele, Cynthia W. 13
Why of the Buy, The 12
Monden, Masafumi 61 Steele, Valerie 60, 65, 68
Wilson, David L. 20
Moroccan Fashion 51 Stegemeyer, Anne 46
Wisbrun, Laurie 41
Mullet, Kathy K. 7 Stein, Lynne 40
Wolbers, Marian Frances 52
N Stone, Elaine 6
World of Fashion, The 6
STUDIO: Survey of Historic Costume 45
Newell, Lisa Hopkins 5 World’s Most Influential Fashion
Style Wise 16 Designers, The 47
P Surface Design for Fabric 39 Writing for the Fashion Business 52
Palomo-Lovinski, Noel 47 Survey of Historic Costume 44
Survey of Historic Costume 6th Edition Y
Paris Fashion 60
Pattern Drafting for Fashion 31 Student Study Guide 45 Young, Deborah E. 36
Patternmaking for Menswear 31 Sustainable Fashion 35
Z
Pegler, Martin M. 15 Svensson, Birgitta 55
Swanson, Kristen K. 16, 52 Zaman, Zarida 32
Perlman, Sar S. 14
Perry’s Department Store 13 Swatch Reference Guide to Fashion Fabrics 36
Petrizzi, Richard 12
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