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Awadhesh Kumar
Mizoram University
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Abstract—The enormous use of metallic wood preservatives has caused destructive impact on environment as well
as human health. Therefore realizing the urgency of switching to Environment friendly options such as natural oils are
being tested for their antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed at investigating potential of Neem oil against the
growth ofdecaying fungi. The ability of Neem oil to inhibit mycelia growth of Schizophyllum commune, Fusarium oxysporum,
Fusarium proliferatum, Coniophora puteana and Alternaria alternata was tested at different concentrations of 0.25, 0.50,
0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10%. Results of the study revealed Neem oil concentrations above 2% were signi icantly
inhibitory to all the tested fungi.
days at 25 ± 1°C and 70 ± 2% relative humidity. Five replicates At same concentration F. oxysporum and A. alternata were
were taken for each concentration. The lowest concentration inhibited to fairly good extent as 16% and 12% respectively.
which inhibited the visible growth of the fungus was At 0.0% concentration there was 100% growth of all the
considered as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). tested fungi. While in positive control (DMSO) there was
Percentage of mycelia growth inhibition was calculated by 2.20, 5.00, 2.50, 15.54 and 12.00% growth inhibition in
the following formula: S. commune, C. puteana, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and
A. alternata respectively. With subsequent increments in
concentration of Neem oil the growth inhibition rate of
each fungus also increased. The 50% of growth inhibition
Where, was achieved in F. proliferatum at very low concentration of
0.25% only. While same extent of inhibition was recorded
‘dc’ is the average diameter of fungal colony at 0.0%
for S. commune at 2.0% concentration and for C. puteana and
concentration of Neem oil,
F. proliferatum at 4.0%. Complete inhibition for A. alternata
‘dt’- denotes the average diameter of fungal colony in the and C. puteana occurred at the highest concentration taken
treatment. in the experiment i.e., 10.0% while for S. commune it was
achieved at 8.0%. Complete inhibition was achieved for both
the soft rot fungi at lower concentration than the other test
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION fungi i.e., 6.0% (Fig. 2 and 3).
Neem oil has proven ef icacious as an insecticide. The
present study is an attempt to evaluate its ef icacy as
a potential bio fungicide. The results of fungal growth
inhibition at different concentrations of Neem oil (0–10.0
%) are shown in Fig. 1.
Table 1: CRD Factorial Analysis of Percent Growth Inhibition of Fungi at Different Concentrations of Neem Oil
Neem Oil Concentrations Fungal Strains (A) Mean B
(%) (B) S. commune C. puteana F. roliferatum F. oxysporum A. alternata
Positive Control (DMSO) 2.20 5.00 2.50 15.54 12.00 7.45
0.25 11.48 10.56 3.2 55.56 14.57 19.07
0.50 31.48 15.87 6.48 61.11 32.14 29.42
0.75 42.41 22.54 20.74 63.89 36.43 37.20
1.00 43.33 28.00 27.78 68.33 39.28 41.34
2.00 50.37 36.00 44.81 79.91 42.85 50.79
4.00 63.70 58.89 62.41 90.46 46.42 64.38
6.00 65.06 60.55 100 100 50.00 75.12
8.00 100 77.78 100 100 56.00 86.76
10.00 100 100 100 100 100 100
Mean A 51.003 41.519 46.792 73.48 42.969
Factors C.D @ 0.05 SE(d) SE(m)
Factor(A) 0.599 0.303 0.214
Factor(B) 0.847 0.429 0.303
Factor(A × B) 1.893 0.959 0.678
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Rawat, Sahoo, Hegde and Kumar
CRD two factorial analyses of the results of percent Steinhauer 1996; Al-Hazmi 2013; Kazmi et al. 1995; Ilyas
fungal growth inhibition shows that increase in Neem oil et al. 1997; Shivpuri 1997; Mondali et al. 2009; Dubey et al.
concentrations signi icantly reduced the growth in all ive 2009). The Neemseed oil completely inhibited the growth
fungal strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for of fungi viz., F. moniliforme, Aspergillus niger, Drechslera
both the Fusarium strains was 6.0%, 8.0% for S. commune. rostrata and M. phaseolina at 10.00 % (Niaz et al. 2008). Niaz
Likewise for A. alternata and C. puteana was found to be and Kazmi (2005) had found that Neem oil was effective
10%. However, the results also revealed that Neem oil against Aspergillus species. Singh et al. (1980) reported
was effective even at lower concentrations (4.0%) for the fungicidal impact of Neem oil against four pathogenic fungi
while Singh et al. (1993) found the radial growth inhibition
inhibition ofgrowth of Fusarium compared to other fungal
of S. rolfsii by Neem oil.
strains. Overall, Neem oil concentrations above 1.0%
showed a steep reduction of fungal growth. Neem oil- The active ingredients of Neemare mostly of
induced growth inhibition was triterpinoides, e.g., nimbin, nimbidine, azadirachtin etc.
Neem contains varied chemical constituents such as
nimolicinol, isolimolicinolide, azadirachtol, nimlinone,
nimbocinol, nimocin etc (Brahmachari 2004; Tewari 1992).
The azadirachtin component of Neem has been reported to
be as effective fungicidal as bavistin and mancozeb (Dubey
et al. 2003).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are thankful to the HOD, Department of Forestry,
Mizoram University, Aizawl for providing the laboratory
facilities to conduct the experiments.
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