Chem 1 Lecture for OT1B – Activity for Week 1 (March 16-21, 2020)

Checklist for Deliverables

Course : Chem 1

Teacher : Gemma Cabanilla

Week : March 16-21, 2020

Learning Outcome Content/topic Teaching-learning Evaluation

strategies
Apply the IUPAC system for nomenclature and Alcohol and Read pages 66-82 of Short exam when
structure writing. phenol the Compilation Notes the classes will
Illustrate the classification. in Organic resume.
Demonstrate the preparations, Chemistry
physical and chemical properties and tests for
alcohols and phenols.

A. Structure of Alcohol
The functional group of an alcohol is an –OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon
atom.
B. Nomenclature
1. IUPAC System
The IUPAC names of alcohols are derived in the same manner as those for alkanes with the
exception that the ending of the parent alkane is changed from –e to –ol.
a. Select as the parent alkane the longest carbon chain that contains the –OH group and
number it from the end that gives the –OH group the lower number. In numbering the
parent chain, the location of the –OH group takes precedence over the alkyl, aryl, and
halogen groups.
b. Change the ending of the parent alkane from –e to –ol and use a number to show the
location of the –OH group. For cyclic alcohols, numbering begins at the carbon bearing
the –OH group; this carbon is automatically carbon 1.
c. Name and number substituents and list them in alphabetical order.
2. Common name
To derive the common name for an alcohol, name the alkyl group bonded to the –OH group
and then add the word “alcohol”.
3. Carbinol System
This system names the alcohol as derivatives of the carbinol which is the methyl alcohol
group.
Example:

Formula IUPAC Common Name Carbinol Name

CH3OH methanol Methyl alcohol carbinol
CH3 CH2 CH2OH 1-propanol n-propyl alcohol Ethyl carbinol
 CH3CHOH CH3 2-propanol Isopropyl alcohol Dimethyl carbinol

OH

OH OH OH
OH

OH
Ethanol 1-propanol 2-propanol 2-methyl-1-propanol 2-methyl-2-propanol
cyclohexanol

(cyclohexyl alcohol)

Classification of Alcohol according to the location of the –OH group:

1. Primary alcohol → the –OH group is attached to a primary carbon atom
2. Secondary alcohol → the –OH group is attached to a secondary carbon atom
3. Tertiary alcohol → the –OH group is attached to a tertiary carbon atom
H H CH 3

CH3 C OH CH 3 C OH CH 3 C OH
H CH 3 CH3
Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol Tertiary alcohol

PHENOL
Structure of phenol
The functional group of a phenol is an –OH group bonded to a benzene ring.
Phenol is commonly called carbolic acid.
Phenol is the specific name for hydroxybenzene and it is the general name for the family of
compounds derived from hydroxybenzene.

OH

Exercise : (to be submitted anytime next week)

1. What is the difference in structure between a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary alcohol?
2. Draw a structural formula for each alcohol.
a. Isopropyl alcohol
 b. Propylene glycol
c. 5-methyl-2-hexanol
d. 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol
e. 1-octanol
f. 3,3-dimethylcyclohexanol
3. Give one test to confirm the presence of ethanol.
4. Both alcohols and phenols contain an –OH group. What structural feature distinguishes these
two classes of compounds. Illustrate your answer by drawing the structural formulas of a
phenol with six carbon atoms and an alcohol with six carbon atoms.
5. Draw a structural formula for 2,4-dichlorophenol.
6. Give at least ten important phenols with their corresponding structural formulas.