Chapter 2

Struktur dan komponen Sel

PowerPoint Lectures for

Dr. Adam Saepudin, Ir., M.Si.
Biology, Seventh Edition
Visi
Neil TintaandManik,
Campbell S.Si., M.Si.
Jane Reece

Lectures by Chris Romero

KELOMPOK JASAD HIDUP

1. Jasad hidup seluler -> Prokariot dan eukariot

2. Jasad hidup non seluler -> Virus dan prion
 First to View Cells
In 1665, Robert
Hooke used a
microscope to
examine a thin slice
of cork (dead plant
cells)
What he saw looked 3

like small boxes

 Anton van Leeuwenhoek
In 1673, Leeuwenhoek
(a Dutch microscope
maker), was first to view
organism (living things)
Leeuwenhoek used a
simple, handheld
microscope to view
pond water & scrapings
4
from his teeth
CELL THEORY
1. All living things are
made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit
of structure and function
in an organism (basic
unit of life)
3. Cells come from the
reproduction of existing
cells (cell division)
5
Penggolongan Jasad Selular

Satuan Dasar Organisasi Sel Contoh

Sel Tunggal (uniselular) Prokaryot E.coli

Eukaryot Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sel banyak (multiseluler) Eukaryot Tanaman, hewan, manusia

Fungsi utama sel :

1. Piranti kimiawi yang melakukan proses
metabolism
2. Piranti yang menyimpan kode-kode
informasi biologi yang akan diturunkan ke
Copyright © 2005dalam anaknya
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Sel Prokariot
Pili: attachment structures on the surface of
some prokaryotes
Nucleoid: region where the cell’s DNA is
located (not enclosed by a membrane)
Ribosomes: organelles that
synthesize proteins
Plasma membrane: membrane
enclosing the cytoplasm
Cell wall: rigid structure outside the plasma
membrane
Bacterial Capsule: jelly-like outer coating
chromosome of many prokaryotes 0.5 µm

(a) Atypical Flagella: locomotion (b) A thin section through the

rod-shaped bacterium organelles of bacterium Bacillus coagulans
some bacteria (TEM)

Pada jasad prokariot seringkali ada bahan

Figure 2.4 A, B genetic tambahan yang disebut Plasmid
 Sel Eukariot
• Sel Hewan
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus NUCLEUS
Rough ER Smooth ER
Flagelium
Chromatin
Centrosome Plasma membrane

CYTOSKELETON
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Ribosomes
Microtubules
Microvilli
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisome In animal cells but not plant cells:
Lysosome Lysosomes
Figure 2.5 Mitochondrion Centrioles
Flagella (in some plant sperm)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Sel Eukariot
• Sel Tumbuhan Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum Smooth
NUCLEUS Chromatin
endoplasmic
Centrosome reticulum

Ribosomes (small brwon dots)

Central vacuole

Dalam studi Golgi apparatus

Tonoplast
Microfilaments
molecular sel Intermediate
eukariot yang filaments CYTOSKELETON
Microtubules
banyak digunakan
adalah S. Mitochondrion
cereviseae Peroxisome
Plasma membrane
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Plasmodesmata In plant cells but not animal cells:
Wall of adjacent cell Chloroplasts
Figure 2.6 Central vacuole and tonoplast
Cell wall
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plasmodesmata
 VIRUS
Viruses are obligate cellular parasite
The tiniest viruses are only 20 nm in diameter, and the largest has
diameter of 1500 nm
Viruses lack celuller organelles
Virus particle -> virion -> extracelullar form of a virus
Structure of Viruses :
1. Viral genom-> either DNA or RNA, but never both
2. Capsid
3. Envelope
KLASIFIKASI VIRUS
1.Virus Hewan
2.Virus tumbuhan
3.Virus bakteri (bakteriofag)
Prion (Proteinaceous infectious particle)
Suatu partikel terdiri dari molekul kecil
protein yang tidak mempunyai asam
nukleat

Agensia infektif penyebab penyakit

neurodegenerative :
• Mad cow disease
• Penyakit Creutzfeldt-Jakob pada
manusia
KOMPONEN SEL
1. Karbohidrat
2. Protein
3. Asam nukleat
4. lemak

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PROTEIN
Fungsi Protein :
1. Sebagai Katalisator reaksi-reaksi biokimia
2. Protein sebagai pengangkut molekul-molekul kecil dan ion
3. Protein berperan dalam system pergerakan yang terkoordinasi
4. Protein sebgai komponen system kekebalan tubuh
5. Protein sebagai pheromone
6. Protein sebagai pengatur ekspresi genetic
7. Protein sebagai penerus impuls syaraf
8. Komponen sebagai komponen pendukung kekuatan-regang
Macam-macam asam amino
BIOKATALIS
Salah satu komponen berupa protein yang memiliki fungsi khusus adalah enzim
yang berfunsi sebagai biokatalis

Karakteristik utama ezim adalah kemampuan katalitik dan spesifitas

Ex :Tripsin ---→ sisi karboksil lisin dan arginin

Aktifitas enzim dikendalikan oleh protein pengendali (regulatory protein)

Dalam studi molekuler dan rekayasa genetic peranan enzim sangat vital

Ex : Enzim ensonuklease restriksi, DNA ligase