Oil & Gas Procedure

Monday, October 4, 2010

Blasting and Painting Procedure

1.0 Scope
1.1 This construction procedure covers the control of materials and the procedure to be followed
in the course of surface preparation, painting/coating application, inspection and safety
requirements for aboveground piping for Field Surface Facilities Project of Melut Basin Oil
Development Project, Sudan. Detailed specifications and/or equipment shop drawings shall be
used in conjunction with this procedure.

2.0 Reference Documents

2.1 Owner’s specification
PDOC-SP-MEC-013 Specification for External Painting & Protective Coatings
PDOC-SP-MEC-032 Specifications for Internal Coating, Tanks, Vessels, Piping
PDOC-SP-CIV-019 Specification for External Painting and Protective Coating For Structural
Steel
PDOC-SP-PPL-004 Specification for Fusion Bond External Epoxy Coating for Steel Pipe
2.2 SSPC Steel Structure Painting Council Standard,
SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaning
SSPC-SP2 Hand tool Cleaning
SSPC-SP3 Power Tool Cleaning
SSPC-SP5 White Metal Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP7 Brush Off Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP10 Near White Blast Cleaning
SSPC-PA1 Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting
SSPC-PA Guide 3 A Guide to Safety in Paint Application
SSPC-PA2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with Magnetic Gauges

3.0 Material Control

3.1 All materials send to the job site should be inspected in accordance with the procedure for
material’s loading, unloading, storage and distribution. In addition, coating material shelf life
shall be checked for expiry date.
3.2 All coating materials shall be delivered to the job site in original unopened containers with
labels intact.
3.3 Each container of paint shall be clearly marked or labeled to show paint identification, date
of manufacture, batch number, analysis of contents, identification of all toxic substances, and
special instructions
3.4 Coating material shall be stored in a location that is protected from the elements, well
ventilated and free from excessive heat, open flame, or other sources of ignition in accordance
with the manufacturer recommendation and CONTRACTORS procedure.
3.5 Type of blasting abrasive shall be approved by OWNER.
3.6. Sand blasting abrasive cleaning shall be used by the CONTRACTORS which by any means
must abide to the OWNERS Specifications.
3.7 Sandblast sand shall be fresh water washed, controlled particle size, high silica content sand,
with sharp angular surfaces and no soft particles to ensure fast, positive cleaning action with a
minimum of dusting when used to blast clean metal surfaces. Under no circumstances shall it
contain clay particles or any other extraneous matter.

4.0 Inspection Equipment

4.1 The following inspection equipment shall be kept available during blasting and painting
operations:
a) A temperature gauge and a hygrometer
b) Surface profile gauge
c) Wet film thickness gauge
d) Dry film thickness gauge (for DFT measuring25 µm to 5 mm)
e) Holiday detector
NOTE: Surface profile Gauge & Dry film Thickness must be able to gauge flat and round
surfaces.

5.0 Blasting And Coating Equipment

5.1 The type of surface preparation by power tools or painting blasting and coating equipment
shall be as per specification, coating material manufacturer’s recommendation and as approved
by OWNER including as follows:
5.1.1 Power tool cleaning equipment
5.1.2 Dry abrasive blasting equipment
5.1.3 Air spray equipment
5.1.4 Airless spray equipment ( if necessary )
5.1.5 Brushes
5.1.6 High density battery powered light for internal coating
5.1.7 Ventilation equipment
5.2 All the equipment shall be ready and checked as being in good within working order prior to
and during blasting and coating operations and shall be kept in a sufficiently clean condition to
avoid surface and/or coating contamination.

6.0 General
6.1 Work shall be done by qualified personnel in a neat and workmanlike manner conforming to
all applicable OWNER specification. CONTRACTORS to carry out any type of surface
preparation and painting or coating qualification prior proceeding with actual work.
6.2 All coating shall be done in accordance with manufacture’s recommendations. Where
specifications contained herein conflict with manufacturer’s recommendations the conflict shall
be referred to OWNER for written clarification prior to the commencement of work.
6.3 The numbers of coating and the thickness of coating should be in accordance with approved
IFC drawing or Owner’s specification listed in chapter 2.

7.0 Atmospheric Conditions

7.1 The applicator shall measure the ambient conditions at regular intervals prior to and during of
any type of power tooling or blasting painting/coating, and keep records of prevailing
temperature, humidity and dew point.
7.2 No surface preparation or application of material may take place when steel surface
temperatures are less than 3c above the dew point or above 50c at the time of coating.

8.0 Surface Preparation

Surface preparation shall be in accordance with paint manufacturer’s instruction and project
specification, whether blast cleaning, power tool, hand tool or solvent cleaning.
8.1 General
8.1.1 Surface preparation shall be done in accordance with Steel Structures Painting Council
surface preparation specifications defined in Steel Structures Painting Manual Volume 2.
8.1.2 The blast cleaning abrasive (sand) shall be determined by the test methods in SSPC-AB 1
(Mineral and Slag Abrasives) specification in order to comply with the SSPC-10 standard. Only
abrasive approved by the OWNER will be acceptable for use as a blast medium.
8.1.3 The abrasive shall be dry and free from oil, grease, dust and other impurities. Re-usable
abrasive shall be clean and reasonably sharp, contain no rust or noticeably worn abrasives.
8.1.4 Alternative surface preparation methods may be approved when dry blast cleaning is
unsafe or impractical.
8.1.5 Blast cleaning shall not be permitted where adjacent areas or equipment are not sufficiently
protected from contamination by abrasive dust or debris.
8.1.6 Blast cleaning shall not be permitted in areas close to painting operation to prevent
contamination of wet paint film by dust and grit
8.1.7 All organic substance such as oil, grease, and other contaminants shall be removed in
accordance with per specification prior to blasting operations.
8.1.8 All rough welds, burrs and sharp surface projections shall be ground smooth and all weld
spatter shall be removed prior to blasting operations.
8.1.9 The compressed air supply used for surface preparation must be of sufficient pressure and
volume to prepare the surface to the degree specified and shall be free of oil and water.
8.1.10 During blasting, the rise face flanges must be protected at all time. This should be done by
covering the rise surface with a round plate that covers exactly the rise surface diameter.
8.2 Near-white Metal Blast Cleaning
8.2.1 Near- white metal blast cleaning shall be in accordance with SSPC-SP10 “Near white metal
blast cleaning” (ISO 8501-1 Sa2.5).
8.2.2 SSPC-SP10 “Near white metal blast cleaning” shall be used for the surface preparation of
external and internal coating for atmospheric protection of above ground steel structures, tanks
vessels, piping systems, and pipelines.
8.3 Power-tool Cleaning
Power-tool cleaning shall be to a visual standard in accordance with ISO 8501-1 St3. Power-tool
cleaning shall be done using abrasive or wire-type power discs. Power-tool cleaning shall extend
a minimum of 25mm distance into adjoining coated surfaces.
8.4 Hand-tool Cleaning
Hand-tool cleaning is the least effective of the surface preparation methods, but it may be used
for touch-up/repair maintenance with certain surface-tolerance coating systems. Hand-tool
cleaning shall be a visual standard in accordance with ISO 8501-1 St 2. Cleaning shall be done
with brushes, scrapers, sanders or other hand impact tools.
8.5 Solvent Cleaning
Solvent cleaning shall be done in accordance with SSPC-SP1 “Solvent Cleaning’ on the surface
examined for the presence of oil or grease.
9.0 Mixing and Thinning
9.1 Paint shall be mixed in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction and as per specification
9.2 Mixing method shall be applied in accordance with the paint manufacturer recommendation.
9.3 All pigmented paint shall be strained after mixing except where application equipment is
provided with strainers. Strainers shall be of a type to remove only skins and undesirable matter
but not to remove the pigment.
9.4 Where a skin has formed in the container, the skin shall be cut loose from the sides of the
container, removed and discarded. If the volume of such skin is more than 2% of the remaining
paint, the paint shall not be used.
9.5 Mixing in open containers shall be done in a well ventilated area away from sparks or flames.
9.6 Paint shall not remain in spray pots, painter buckets, etc., overnight, but shall be stored in a
covered container and re-mixed before use.

10.0 Painting/Coating Application

10.1 General
10.1.1 Painting/coating shall be applied in accordance with the paint manufacturer’s instructions
and this procedure. Whether air spray, airless spray or brush.
10.1.2 Field painting on steel surfaces. Surface preparation shall be finished in accordance with
this procedure Section 8.0 before application of primer.
10.1.3 Field painting on shop coating. Any previously applied shop coating must be dry and free
of dirt, oil, and other contaminants.
10.1.4 Shop coated steel members shall preferably be field painted after erection of such
members is completed. Steel members may be field painted on the ground before erection,
provided such painting is touched-up where damaged, with the same number of coats and types
of paints after erection. The top coat shall be applied after erection.
10.1.5 When the type of paint for field coating is not specified, it shall be approved and verified
whether the paint to be used is compatible with the shop applied coat(s).
10.1.6 Surfaces (other than contact surfaces) of fabricated assemblies which are accessible before
erection but which will not be accessible after erection shall receive all field coats of paint before
erection.
10.1.7 All field welds and all areas within four inches of welds shall be cleaned before painting,
using surface preparation methods at least as effective as those specified for the structure itself;
all welds shall either be blast cleaned, or thoroughly power brushed.
10.2 Spray Application
10.2. 1 All spray application of paint whether air, or airless spray, shall be in accordance with the
following:
10.2. 2 The equipment used shall be suitable for the intended purpose, shall be capable of
properly atomizing the paint to applied, and shall be equipped with suitable pressure regulators
and gauges. The equipment shall be maintained in proper working condition at all times.
10.2. 3 Paint ingredients shall be kept uniformly mixed in the spray pots or containers during
paint application either by continuous mechanical agitation or by intermittent agitation as
frequently as is required.
10.2. 4 Paint shall be applied in a uniform layer with a 50% overlap at the edges of the spray
pattern, and 20 to 25 cm away from the surface.
10.2. 5 Brush or daubers shall be painted for cracks, crevices, blind areas of all rivets and bolts,
and all other inaccessible areas.
10.2. 6 Paint manufacturer’s instructions regarding pot life, drying/curing intervals between
successive coats and final curing periods before assembly or transport, shall be followed.
10.2. 7 Each layer of paint shall be allowed to dry for a period of time within the limits
prescribed by the paint manufacturer, before the next layer is applied.
10.2. 8 No coating shall be applied to edges prepared for field welds or within 50mm of these
edges, except for a prefabrication or welding (shop) primer which shall be limited to a maximum
25 microns.
10.3 Airless Spray Application
10.3. 1 Airless or high pressure spray application of paint shall be in accordance with all of the
provision of Section 10.2.1 And in addition shall comply with following:
10.3. 2 The air pressure to the paint pump shall be adjusted so that the paint pressure to the gun is
proper for optimum spraying effectiveness in accordance with paint manufacture’s
recommendation.
10.3. 3 The trigger of the gun should be pulled fully open during all spraying to insure proper
application of paint.
10.3. 4 Airless paint spray equipment shall always be provided with an electric ground wire in
the high pressure line between the gun and the pumping equipment. Further, the pumping
equipment shall be suitably grounded to avoid the build-up of any electrostatic charge on the
gun. The manufacturer's instruction should to be followed regarding the proper use of the
equipment.
10.4 Brush Application
10.4. 1 Brush application shall be done in areas which cannot be properly sprayed and for touch
up maintenance where spray application is not practical.
10.4. 2 Brush shall be of a type and size which permits proper application of paint. Round or
oval brushes are most suitable for irregular surfaces such as bolts, weld, pitted steel, etc. Wide
flat brushes shall be used for large flat areas.
10.4. 3 Paint shall be worked into all corners and crevices.
10.4. 4 Rugs and sags or other defects will not be permitted

10.5 Critical Internal Coating

10.5. 1 For critical internal coating of tanks /and vessels, all crew supervisors, abrasive blasters
and paint coating applicators shall be fully conversant with all aspects of the blasting and coating
operations. All equipment i.e. lights, air extractor’s to conform to safety requirements.
10.5. 2 The method of application used shall be governed by the coating manufacturer’s
recommendation for the particular coating being applied. Method of application shall also be
considered by the immediate vicinity where work will be carried out.
10.5. 3 Warning notes shall be clearly paint specified on the external surface of all internally
coated vessels: “INTERNALLY COATED – DO NOT WELD – HANDLE WITH CARE”.
10.6 Detailed Painting System
10.6.1 The detailed painting system shall conform to the Owner approved IFC drawings and
Painting Manual which CONTRACTORS should submitted prior proceeding the works.
10.7 Check list Details
10.7.1 For the check list details refer to Blasting Painting/coating Inspection and Test Plan.

11.0 Drying/Curing
11.1 All drying and re-coat times shall be that specified by manufacturer.
11.2 Curing shall conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Force curing shall only be
done in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
11.3 Paint shall be protected from rain, condensation, contamination until dry to fullest extent
practical.
11.4 No paint shall be subjected to immersion before it is thoroughly dried or cured.

12.0 Inspection and Testing

12.1 General
It shall be the responsibility of contractor to conduct the test and inspection as follows in
accordance with paint manufacturer’s application instruction and project specification. OWNER
shall monitor all tests performed by Contractor.
The following tests shall be performed at start-up and at specified intervals.
12.2 Environment Check
12.2.1 Before commencing work on surface preparation and coating, the atmospheric
temperature and relative humidity shall be measured in order to determine the dew point.
Relative humidity readings shall be measured a maximum interval of 2-hour.
12.2.2 Following determination of the dew point, the steel surface temperature shall be measured
at regular 2-hour intervals. The steel surface temperature shall be 3ºC or more above the dew
point during surface preparation as well as during coating.
12.3 Visual finished coating
12.3.1 The finished coating surfaces shall be of uniform color and free from pinholes, peeling,
sags, and runs. etc.
12.4 Film Thickness Measurement
12.4.1 The dry film thickness of individual coats and of the total coating system shall be checked
at 5 random locations over areas representative of the work in progress. There shall be a check of
at least one area on each horizontal, vertical and curved surface. For internal coating of tanks and
vessels, a minimum of 10 random areas shall be checked.
12.4.2 With the exception of areas such as welds, crevices, etc. the specified minimum dry film
thickness shall not be exceeded by more than 50%.
12.4.3 Dry film thickness shall be measured with a coating thickness gauge suitable for given
type of coating thickness range and substrate material (magnetic or nonmagnetic).
12.4.4 CONTRACTORS shall insure that all the inspection, measuring and test equipment has a
valid calibration certificates.

13.0 Repair Of Damaged Areas

13.1 Damaged painting and coating, and/or coating which does not pass the holiday detection
test shall be repaired and retested to the satisfaction of OWNER
13.2 The coating materials used for repair and maintenance shall be the same as the original
materials
13.3 The surface preparation method for repair will depend upon the size of areas to be coated
and the repair coating materials required.
13.4 The area of the coating damage or holiday, along with the adjacent area of coating for a
minimum of 25 mm on all sides shall be thoroughly prepared /abraded.
13.5 The painting repair method shall be as per paint manufacture’s specifications.
13.6 Repair coating shall be applied so that the final coat overlaps the surrounding sound coating
for a minimum 25 mm.

14.0 Safety
14.1 Safety in blasting and painting operations are paramount. Both operators and supervisors
must be fully conversant with all safety requirements associated with blasting and cleaning,
scaffolding and access platforms, ventilation in enclosed areas, as per project safety manual.
14.2 All spraying equipment shall be earthed, all high lines checked daily, operators shall wear
all approved safety equipment at all times when spraying operations are in progress, and warning
signs erected when blasting work is in progress.
14.3 Protection of working area environment please refer to HSE plan.
15.0 Quality Record and Inspection Report
15.1 Daily reports shall be assured on all painting activities and recorded on blasting / painting
inspection reports. These records shall be maintained and monitored by QC engineer who
together with OWNER shall sign on all inspection reports which are included in the inspection
and test procedures.

16.0 Revision Note

16.1 This procedure shall be revised if it is found to be inadequate for purposed work upon
completion of engineering/new construction practice/new site information or as requested by
OWNER.

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BLASTING TECHNIQUE FOR PAINTING

SURFACE PREPERATION
By Civil engineering · Updated over a year ago
ABRASIVE BLASTING TECHNIQUE OF SURFACE PREPERATION FOR PAINTING

Abrasive blast cleaning is most often associated with cleaning painted and unpainted steel. It
may also be used with care to prepare concrete and masonry surfaces and to clean and roughen
existing coatings for painting. Abrasive blasting is an impact cleaning method. High-velocity
abrasive particles driven by air, water, or centrifugal force impact the surface to remove rust, mill
scale, and old paint from the surfaces. Abrasive cleaning does not remove oil or grease. If the
surface to be abrasive blasted is painted with leaded paint, additional controls must be employed
to minimize hazards to workers and the surrounding environment. The degree of cleanliness
obtained in abrasive blasting depends on the type of abrasive, the force with which the abrasive
particles hits the surface, and the dwell time.

Types of Abrasive Blasting

a) Air (Conventional)
In conventional abrasive blasting (Figure 1), dry abrasive is propelled against the surface to be
cleaned so that rust, contaminates, and old paint are removed by the impact of the abrasive
particles. The surface must be cleaned of blasting residue before painting. This is usually done
by blowing clean air across the surfaces. Special care must be taken to ensure that horizontal or
other obstructed areas are thoroughly cleaned. Uncontrolled abrasive blasting is restricted in
most locations because of environmental regulations. Consult the local industrial hygiene or
environmental office for regulations governing local actions. Procedures for containment of
blasting debris are being used for paint removal from industrial and other structures. The amount
of debris generated can be reduced by recycling the abrasive. Recycling systems separate the
paint waste from the abrasive.

b) Wet
Wet-abrasive blasting is used to control the amount of airborne dust. There are two general types
of wet abrasive blasting. In one, water is injected near the nozzle exit into the stream of abrasive
(Figure 2). In the other, water is added to the abrasive at the control unit upstream of the nozzle
and the mixture of air, water, and sand is propelled through the hose to the nozzle. For both types
of wet-blasting, the water may contain a corrosion inhibitor. Inhibitors are generally sodium,
potassium, or ammonium nitrites, phosphates or dichromates. Inhibitors must be chosen to be
compatible with the primer that will be used. After wet blasting, the surface must be rinsed free
of spent abrasive. (The rinse water should also contain a rust inhibitor when the blasting water
does.) Rinsing can be a problem if the structure contains a large number of ledges formed by
upturned angles or horizontal girders since water, abrasives, and debris tend to collect in these
areas. The surface must be completely dry before coating. When leaded paint is present, the
water and other debris must be contained and disposed of properly. This waste may be classified
as a hazardous waste under Federal and local regulations, and must be handled properly.

c) Vacuum
Vacuum blasting systems collect the spent abrasives and removed material, immediately adjacent
to the point of impact by means of a vacuum line and shroud surrounding the blasting nozzle.
Abrasives are usually recycled. Production is slower than open blasting and may be difficult on
irregularly shaped surfaces, although shrouds are available for non-flat surfaces. The amount of
debris entering the air and the amount of cleanup is kept to a minimum if the work is done
properly (e.g., the shroud is kept against the surface). This procedure is often used in areas where
debris from open air blasting or wet blasting cannot be tolerated.

d) Centrifugal
Cleaning by centrifugal blasting is achieved by using machines with motor-driven bladed wheels
to hurl abrasives at a high speed against the surface to be cleaned. Advantages over conventional
blasting include savings in time, labor, energy, and abrasive; achieving a cleaner, more uniform
surface; and better environmental control. Disadvantages of centrifugal blasting include the
difficulty of using it in the field, especially over uneven surfaces, although portable systems have
been developed for cleaning structures such as ship hulls and storage tanks. Robots may be used
to guide the equipment. In many cases, the abrasive used is reclaimed and used again.
91

13

Insulation Procedure

1.0 Scope
1.1 This procedure covers the installation of insulation on piping, vessels, and equipment
operating in hot service or cold service. Underground piping is not covered by this procedure.

2.0 Codes and Standards

2.1 Contract documents
2.2 General specification provided by Owner.
PDOC-SP-MEC-014 - Specification for Insulation
ASME C533 Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
ASME C547 Mineral Fibre Performed Pipe Insulation
ASME C612 Mineral Fibre Block and Board Thermal Insulation
Occupational Health and Safety Act

3.0 Material Control

3.1 All the material shall be verified as per material certification. Tag and nameplate being as per
data sheet.
3.2 Items quantity and size of the material shall be as per P.O. and drawings.
3.3 All materials supplied shall be new and undamaged.
3.4 All insulation material shall be properly stored and protected from moisture in accordance
with CONTRACTORS procedure PDOC-587B-PR-GEN-001 (Material, Handling Delivery And
Storage Procedure) for material's loading, unloading, storage and distribution.
3.5 Use of materials other than those specified requires OWNER'S approval.
3.6 Insulation materials containing asbestos or polyurethane shall not be used.

4.0 Insulation Preparation

4.1 Check the materials as 3.1~3.5 to ensure that the type of the material and thickness are in
accordance with relevant specification and drawings.
4.2 Insulation supervisor shall receive a copy of the pipe test acceptance to confirm that all the
testing such as hydrostatic, X-ray , etc. have been completed and released on all piping and
equipment involved
4.3 All surfaces to be insulated shall be cleaned and primed, and remained dry before insulation
to be applied.
4.4 Inspect weather condition. Insulation shall not be installed during weather which might cause
the pipe or insulation to become wet when the surfaces are less than 5ºC above dew point.
Insulation to be installed over an extended period must be protected to ensure it remains dry until
it has been properly sealed.
4.5 Heating tracing shall be installed, tested and tagged in accordance with relevant specification
and drawings before insulation.
4.6 Insulation support installation shall be finished as required before insulation
4.7 Make sure that Insulation will not cover the face of gauge glasses, equipment name or data
plates or tags, nor be applied so as to interfere with dynamic parts of instruments or equipment.

5.0 Piping Insulation

5.1 Insulation Construction shall be performed after all the insulation preparation have been
finished and released.
5.2 Factory fabricated sectional pipe insulation shall be applied in staggered joint construction
and secured with wire loops or bands on 225 mm centers. On multiple layer construction, all
joints shall be lapped one-half of each section between layers. Each layer shall be secured
separately. All joints shall be securely butted and all cracks, joints, etc. shall be filled with
insulating sealant as appropriate.
5.3 Mastic sealer shall be used around pipe supports where the insulation is punctured by the
support.
5.4 Heat traced lines shall be insulated to completely cover both line and tracing.
5.5 Where insulation is required on the outside of piping, vessels or equipment that extends
through an exterior building wall or roof, the insulation shall not stop at the exterior of the
building but shall be extended for 300 mm inside the building.
5.6 Any cracks or openings that occur in the insulation or weather-proofing are to be filled in
with additional insulation or weather-proofing to provide a smooth sealed surface
5.7 At all flanges, unions, and pipe terminations, the pipe insulation shall be bevelled at a
45°angle to facilitate remove of flange bolts and union collars without damage to the main pipe
insulation and metal jacketing. A screwed and sealed metal cover shall be installed.
5.8 All openings in metal jacketing for nipples, pipe supports, etc. are to be neatly cut to provide
a tight fit and shall be thoroughly sealed and weather-proofed to prevent moisture from
penetrating under the jacket. Openings shall be fitted with a metal collar or suitable flashing
embedded in sealant and screwed firmly on place.
5.9 Insulation shall be covered with metal jacketing lapped a minimum of 50 mm on all seams
and secured with screws and bands, locating one band at each lap joint and spaced a maximum of
450 mm on centre. Vertical jacketing shall be supported with “S” clips.
5.10 All insulation shall be clad with metal jacketing. Jacketing shall be installed so as to shed
water and protect against wind and blowing rain.

6.0 Insulation on Fittings, Flanges and Valves

6.1 Fittings shall be insulated with standard factory formed insulation and secured with wire
loops or bands, minimum two per section. All joints shall be filled with insulating sealant as
appropriate. Insulation shall be covered with pre-formed metal jacketing.
6.2 Insulation and jacketing on valves, flanges and unions shall be installed so as to be
removable without damage to the main pipe insulation.
6.3 Unless the piping is heat/electrical traced, valves, flanges and unions shall not normally be
insulated unless specified by OWNER. All other fittings are to be insulated.

7.0 Insulation On Vessels and Equipment

Make sure that all the insulation preparation have been finished and released.
7.1 Vessels Insulation
7.1.1 Vessels shells shall be insulated with factory fabricated insulation curved or grooved to fit
the vessel shell contour. If additional layers are required, insulation shall be installed with
staggered joints.
7.1.2 Each layer shall be secured with bands; machine stretched, and fastened on 300 mm
centres.
7.1.3 Insulation shall be clad with metal jacketing lapped a minimum 75 mm on all seams.
Jacketing shall be installed so as to shed water and protect against wind and blowing rain.
7.1.4 All openings in metal jacketing for man-ways nozzles, nipples, pipe supports, etc. are to be
neatly cut to provide a tight fit and shall be thoroughly sealed and weather-proofed to prevent
moisture from penetrating under the jacket. Openings shall be fitted with a metal collar or
suitable flashing embedded in sealant and firmly screwed place.
7.1.5 Jacketing shall be secured with metal screws on 150 mm centres on longitudinal seams and
with bands, located at lap and spaced on a maximum of 450 mm on centre.
7.1.6 Vessel heads shall be insulated in the same manner as the shell. Insulation shall be covered
with metal jacketing in a pie shaped or segmented arrangement.
7.1.7 Corrugated jacketing on vertical vessels shall be installed using the “S” clip method and
lapped a minimum of two (2) corrugations on vertical seams.
7.1.8 A band shall be placed adjacent to heads of horizontal vessels and at the top sheet on
vertical vessels to secure flashing between head and shell jackets.
7.1.9 Where insulation is required on the outside of piping, vessels or equipment that extends
through an exterior building wall or roof, the insulation shall not stop at the exterior of the
building but shall be extended for 300 mm inside the building.
7.1.10 Insulation and jacketing on exchanger flanges and heads shall be installed so as to be
removable without damage to the main shell insulation.
7.2 Equipment
7.2.1 For equipment of irregular shape, insulation shall be of the same type and thickness as
specified for vessels. Insulation and metal jacketing shall be installed so as to be removable.
7.2.2 Insulation cement, where required shall be applied in layers 20 to 25 mm thick. Every layer
shall be reinforced with steel mesh. The outer surface of the insulation cement shall be finished
with a smooth layer of finish cement.

8.0 The Detailed Insulation System

The detailed insulation system for hot service, cold service and personal protection and detailed
material status shall conform to the MR & Manual that shall be reviewed and approved by
OWNER.

9.0 Quality Record And Inspection Report

9.1 All quality records and report shall be accepted by CONTRACTOR. QC engineer and the
OWNER’s representative.
9.2 All quality inspection records shall be coincident with the insulation construction. The
recorded information shall be real and reliable.

10.0 Revision Note

This procedure shall be revised if it is found to be inadequate for purposed work upon
completion of engineering/new construction practice / new site information or as requested by
OWNER.
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