ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Class X, Chapter 2
CHEMICALS FROM COMMON SALT

S. COMMON CHEMICAL NAME CHEMICAL

No. NAME FORMULA
1 Common Salt Sodium Chloride NaCl
2 Bleaching Calcium CaOCl2
Powder oxychloride
3 Baking Soda Sodium Hydrogen NaHCO3
carbonate
4 Washing Soda Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3.10 H2O
5 Plaster of Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)2 .H2O or
Paris hemihydrates CaSO4. ½ H2O
6 Gypsum Calcium Sulphate CaSO4.2H2O
dihydrate

PREPARATION AND USES OF SOME SALTS OF DAILY

USE:

1.SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Preparation:
CHLOR-ALKALI PROCESS: Sodium Hydroxide is
manufactured by passing electricity through an
aqueous solution of sodium chloride ( brine ), which
decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is
called chlor-alkali because of the products formed
chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
NaOH + 2H2O electricity 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

Uses :1. Used in manufacture of soaps and detergents.

2.Used for degreasing metals
3. used for the preparation of artificial fibres.

OTHER IMPORTANT PRODUCTS PRODUCED IN CHLOR

ALKALI PROCESS
1. Hydrogen: Used as fuel and in the manufacture of
ammonia for fertilizers.
2. Chlorine: Used for disinfecting drinking water and
water in the swimming pool.

2. BLEACHING POWDER

Preparation: By passing Chlorine gas over dry slaked

lime ( Ca(OH)2)
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
Uses:1. For bleaching textiles and wood pulp
2. For disinfecting water
3. As an oxidizing agent in laboratories and
industries

3. BAKING SODA
Preparation : By passing carbon dioxide gas through a
cold solution of sodium chloride saturated with
ammonia
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 NH4Cl +
NaHCO3

Uses:1. For making Baking Powder ( a mixture of

Baking soda and tartaric acid)
2. Used in medicine as an antacid
3. Used in soda acid fire extinguishers

4. WASHING SODA
Preparation:
1. By heating baking soda we get sodium carbonate
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
2. Recrystallization of sodium carbonate gives Washing
Soda.
Na2CO3 + 10 H2O Na2CO3.10 H2O

Uses :1. Used in glass, soap and paper industries

2. Used in manufacture of Borax
3. Used in removing permanent hardness of
water

5. PLASTER OF PARIS
Preparation:
When Gypsum is heated to 373 K it loses water
molecules and becomes Plaster of Paris
CaSO4.2H2O CaSO4.½ H2O + 1 ½ H2O
Uses :
1. Used for making moulds for toys, pottery, ceramics
etc.
2. Used for making statues
3. Used for making plasters for setting broken and
fractured bones
4. Used as a fire proofing material

6. GYPSUM
Preparation :
When water is added to Plaster of Paris it changes into
Gypsum
CaSO4.½ H2O + 1 ½ H2O CaSO4.2H2O

WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION

Water of crystallization is the fixed no. of water

moleculespresent in one formula unit of a salt.
Examples of salt with water of crystallization:
1. CuSO4. 5H2O
2. Na2CO3.10 H2O
3. FeSO4.7H2O
4. CaSO4.2H2O
5. CaSO4.½ H2O