ABSTRACT

A net zero-energy building (ZEB) is a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced
energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of energy needs can be supplied with
renewable technologies. Despite the excitement over the phrase “zero energy,” we lack a
common definition, or even a common understanding, of what it means. In this paper, we use a
sample of current generation low-energy buildings to explore the concept of zero energy: what it
means, why a clear and measurable definition is needed, and how we have progressed toward the
ZEB goal. The way the zero energy goals is defined affects the choices designers make to
achieve this goal and whether they can claim success. The ZEB definition can emphasize
demand-side or supply strategies and whether fuel switching and conversion accounting are
appropriate to meet a ZEB goal. Four well-documented definitions—net-zero site energy, net-
zero source energy, net-zero energy costs, and net-zero energy emissions—are studied; pluses
and minuses of each are discussed. These definitions are applied to a set of low-energy buildings
for which extensive energy data are available. The various components of Net zero energy
building has been discussed along with the materials used for construction and the design
implementations.
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT IS NZEB?
3. ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS: DEFINITIONS
4. COMPONENTS OF A NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
5. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
6. CLASSIFICATION OF NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
7. ADVANTAGES
8. DISADVANTAGES
9. BARRIERS/CHALLENGES
10.CURRENT STATUS
11.CONCLUSION
12.REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION

As International Energy Outlook 2013 (IE020 13) reference case exposes, world energy
consumption increases from 524 quadrillion Btu in 2010 to 630 quadrillion Btu in 2020 and it
Has predicted to pass 800 quadrillion Btu in 2040, which means a 56-percent increase for 30
years. On the other side, most of this huge amount of energy is supplied by fossil fuels;
Which are the world's slowest-growing and most environmentally harmful energy sources?
To prevent an energy crisis in upcoming decades, limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius,
which would require about 80 percent reduction in fossil fuel sources have been settled by the
governments around the world. 40 percent of the global energy is consumed by residential and
commercial buildings. This sector is blamed for having a share of 25-percent of worldwide
greenhouse gas emission.
The energy used by the building sector continues to increase, primarily because new buildings
are constructed faster than old ones are retired. Electricity consumption in the commercial
building sector doubled between 1980 and 2000, and is expected to increase another 50% by
2025 (EIA 2005). Energy consumption in the commercial building sector will continue to
increase until buildings can be designed to produce enough energy to offset the growing energy
demand of these buildings. Toward this end, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has
established an aggressive goal to create the technology and knowledge base for cost-effective
zero-energy commercial buildings (ZEBs) by 2025. In concept, a net ZEB is a building with
greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of the energy needs
can be supplied by renewable technologies. Because design goals are so important to achieving
high-performance buildings, the way a ZEB goal is defined is crucial to understanding the
combination of applicable efficiency measures and renewable energy supply options.

WHAT IS NZEB?
A zero-energy building (ZE), also known as a zero net energy (ZNE) building, net-zero energy
building (NZEB), net zero building is a building with zero net energy consumption, meaning the
total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is equal to the amount of
renewable energy created on the site. Zero energy buildings combine energy efficiency and
renewable energy generation to consume only as much energy as can be produced onsite through
renewable resources over a specified time period. Achieving zero energy is an ambitious yet
increasingly achievable goal that is gaining momentum across geographic regions and markets.
Private commercial property owners have a growing interest in developing zero energy buildings
to meet their corporate goals, and in response to regulatory mandates, federal government
agencies and many state and local governments are beginning to move toward zero energy
building targets.
Zero-Energy Buildings: Definitions

A zero energy building can be defined in several ways, depending on the boundary and the
metric. Organizations such as DOE are concerned with national energy numbers, and are
typically interested in primary or source energy. A building designer may be interested in site
energy use for energy code requirements. Finally, those who are concerned about pollution from
power plants and the burning of fossil fuels may be interested in reducing emissions. Four
commonly used definitions are: net zero site energy, net zero source energy, net zero energy
costs, and net zero energy emissions. Each definition uses the grid for net use accounting and has
different applicable The ZEB definitions state that the building must use renewable energy
sources to achieve the ZEB goal; therefore, electricity generated on site from fossil fuels cannot
be exported and count toward a ZEB goal.
• Net Zero Site Energy: A site ZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year,
when accounted for at the site. A limitation of a site ZEB definition is that the values of various
fuels at the source are not considered. For example, one energy unit of electricity used at the site
is equivalent to one energy unit of natural gas at the site, but electricity is more than three times
as valuable at the source.
• Net Zero Source Energy: A source ZEB produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year,
when accounted for at the source. Source energy refers to the primary energy used to generate
and deliver the energy to the site. To calculate a building’s total source energy, imported and
exported energy is multiplied by the appropriate site-to-source conversion multipliers.

• Net Zero Energy Costs: In a cost ZEB, the amount of money the utility pays the building
owner for the energy the building exports to the grid is at least equal to the amount the owner
pays the utility for the energy services and energy used over the year. A cost ZEB provides a
relatively even comparison of fuel types used at the site as well as a surrogate for infrastructure.
Therefore, the energy availability specific to the site and the competing fuel costs would
determine the optimal solutions.
• Net Zero Energy Emissions: A net zero emissions building produces (or purchases) enough
emissions-free renewable energy to offset emissions from all energy used in the building
annually. Carbon, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides are common emissions that ZEBs offset. To
calculate a building’s total emissions, imported and exported energy is multiplied by the
appropriate emission multipliers based on the utility’s emissions and on-site generation
emissions (if there are any).

COMPONENTS OF A NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

1. Alternative Energy Source

Alternative energy can come from a variety of sources: solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass.
These renewable energy sources can be harnessed in a variety of ways to provide power, heating,
and cooling to a building and lower supplemental consumption by traditional grid utilities. The
most influential factor in achieving net zero energy in a building is choosing what type and how
much alternative energy will be used. Simply put, the alternative energy source should be
chosen based on the natural resources offered by the particular region of the world the building
site is located. A marine or coastal building site might consider wind while a tropical site might
consider solar, and an inland moderate site may want to explore the local geothermal resources.
These are by no means strict guidelines for choosing a source but offer a logical basis of how to
choose which source a feasibility analysis should be performed on. The first class stands for
energy producers, which mutually have the duty of providing all energy needs of the building.
The chosen photovoltaic and wind turbine are complement to each other since as the solar
resource peaks in the summer, the wind resource peaks in the winter. The model is designated to
be grid-connected in order to be able to sell surplus generated electricity to utility grid and to buy
electricity when the stored energy is not sufficient. Following, the capacity and related price of
three introduced elements are presented.

In addition to an alternative energy source, other sustainable construction design, technologies

and components must be used in order to further lower a building's demand of traditional grid
utilities.

2. Passive Solar Design

One aspect of building design that has been around for hundreds of years but is very underrated
is how the building will behave according to the sun. Solar gain is responsible for heat gain that
can drive the costs of cooling a building through the roof. On the other hand the sun offers
valuable natural light, and solar gain in the winter can help to heat a building. Passive solar
refers to a building's ability to naturally collect, store and distribute energy as needed according
to a building site's particular climate.

Paying close attention to the building's orientation on the site, and window and door placement is
essential to passive solar design. In addition it is important to use components of a high
performance building envelope, further reducing energy loads to create a net zero energy
building.

3. High Performance Building Envelope

Today, many building materials traditional structure, or by using panelized or site casted wall
systems that eliminate thermal bridging while offering sound structural performance. These
nontraditional wall structural systems are structural insulated panels (SIPs) and insulated
concrete forms (ICFs). Unfortunately, these panels cannot alone be responsible for creating a
super insulated envelope as windows and doors will likely be present on every side of the
building. The highest whole wall R-value is achieved by using SIPs and ICFs in combination
with super insulated doors and windows. and technologies are designed to contribute to a
building's ability to lower heating and cooling loads. The concept of superinsulation is to make a
building as air-tight as possible. This can be done by adding multiple high performance
insulations to a

4. Lighting and Daylighting

In commercial buildings, only one energy load is more demanding than heating and cooling
individually. That is the energy consumed by lighting. In recent years, lighting products and
systems have improved significantly to contribute to lower demands. Of course, using no
artificial lighting at all is the most beneficial to lowering consumption. A typical net zero energy
building will effectively allow daylight to penetrate deep into highly occupied spaces, and
employ a high-tech sensored lighting system that adjusts artificial lighting output based on the
amount of daylight present. In addition, occupancy sensors can be used for areas that do not
constantly need to be lit. Of course, the artificial light source itself can draw less power when
CFL and LED bulbs are used.

5. Low Consumption Technology/Appliances

Other than lighting, additional electrical consumption comes from appliances and office
equipment. Fortunately, many manufacturers across many industries have sustainability
initiatives that focus on lowering the power consumed by their products. Many rating systems
such as the U.S. Government's Energy Star program make it simple for consumers to choose the
right products that will help to achieve a net zero energy goal. Energy Manager, Battery and
Power Electronic Devices Since the nature of most RES is erratic and unpredictable, the electric
power generated by renewable power plants is highly erratic and may affect both the power
system quality and planning. Energy storage system (ESS) are regarded as main parts of
renewable power plants by bringing reliability into the system and controlling them.
Consequently, in any NZEB, the presence of ESS is so crucial too and since batteries are the
most common energy storage devices and are easy to implement among the other types of ESS,
they are used in our studied NZEB as energy storage. The output of PV cells and most of wind
turbines is DC and cannot be used as household electricity. So it needs to be passed through a
proper power electronic device to convert it to proper level of batteries to prevent any damages,
and from the output of batteries, be sent to an inverter to be inverted to AC, 220V, 50Hz
electricity and be used by NZEB. On the other side, there is an inevitable need for a processor to
measure all the energy flows to have management on it.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

● Glue Laminated Timber: Zero energy house uses glue laminated timber (which has low
carbon footprint) as the main structural element in place of concrete and steel, so reduces
the overall weight of the structure and also less damage in case of any natural disasters.
● Green Roof: Over the house you have a green roof with local plants, it’s used as part of
insulation as well as cooling system, water is stored on the roof in small tanks which are
used to water the plants.
● Hollow Blocks with Concrete: All the walls in the house are built with hollow blocks
and filled with concrete. Block is a mix of concrete and wood which acts and anti-
bacterial and has great insulation properties. Insulation is provided inside the blocks to
prevent energy loss. Hollow blocks are used to make walls that handle moisture and
insulates at the same time, the blocks are filled with concrete (which is having 50 % fly
ash replacement for the Portland cement) and smaller rebar’s. On the roof they put a
fabric, give airspace between fabric material and the roof, blows a foam under the fabric
which expands on itself and takes the shape of a cave like roof. Foam has insulation
properties so air below the roof becomes cooler during the summer season.
● Solar Integrated Roof Panels: Source of hot water is through solar integrated roof
panels, but sometimes when the sun shines high, water becomes too hot, so a system is
installed inside all sanitary fixtures which mix cold water with the hot water thus making
the temperature safe for use. Similarly, when the sun shines too low, scarcity of hot water
comes, so it has a backup of hot water which mixes with cold to make it safe for use.
Water heaters are installed which are gas operated which comes on & off automatically,
so a lot of precaution is needed to operate the system. Push buttons are installed at
kitchen, toilets, whenever you want hot water, push the button, a circulating system bring
the hot water from the stored place to the toilets and kitchens which reduces to the
predetermined temperature at the receiving end like washbasin, shower, bathtub, and all
over the home where is required.
● Solar Panels on Rooftop: The solar panels on the rooftop converts the sun's rays to
electrical energy so the electric dept. is amazed to see that the electric meter starts
running backward, in fact you can ask tell your utility companies to pay you something
extraordinary. There is an inverter installed inside which converts the direct current
produced by solar panels to alternating current which is used in the USA. Reduced
consumption of electricity from lighting systems, all are fluorescent lights or low voltage
lights which are generally advanced lighting packages and very decorative lights. It can
give you a very aesthetic and antique look.
● HVAC System in Zero Energy Buildings: HVAC system air is cooled by a chiller
system that either chills or heat water. The water is then sent through copper tubes not
under a high pressure to the coils which gets cooled with chilled water and is connected
 to the blowers at various locations in the house, thus the house gets chilled. Sometimes
1.5 tons and 2 tons compressors are placed outside, both are factory charged with
refrigerant. Attached to each compressor is the chiller system. So at a time when there is
a single family the 1.5 tons or 2 tons compressor is working automatically depending
upon the weather and if there is a requirement of higher chilling like there is some
function in the house then both compressor starts working simultaneously in random and
chills the house.

Supply Options:

This section presents a brief discussion about

the various energy supply options. These
options form the basis for the NZEB
classification.
Option 0 – Low-Energy Buildings Option 0 states that a building must reduce site energy use
through demand-side RE (Renewable energy) and energy efficiency technologies. Option 0 is
considered a prerequisite and is an essential and fundamental quality of NZEBs. A well-
optimized NZEB design should include energy efficiency strategies to the point that the available
RE strategies become more cost effective. Efficiency measures or energy conversion devices
such as daylighting or natural gas-fired combined heat and power devices are not considered to
be on-site, supply-side RE production in 4 the NZEB context. Any RE source such as passive
solar space heating, solar thermal air heaters, ground-source heat pumps, and natural ventilation
that cannot be commoditized, exported, and sold, are considered to be demand-side technologies
and efficiency measures. Combined heat and power systems that use fossil fuels to generate heat
and electricity are considered to be demand-side technologies.

Option 1 – Renewable Energy Generated within the Building Footprint This option covers all
energy generated and used (or exported) from resources collected within the building footprint.
Option 1 renewables apply only to a single building and to the RE connected directly into its
energy distribution infrastructure. RE that is generated and used within the building footprint is
directly connected to the building’s electricity or hot water system, which minimizes
transmission and distribution losses. This includes RE technologies mounted on the building roof
or façade. Typical Option 1 technologies include PV and solar thermal systems. Building-
mounted wind turbines may also have some limited application. Building-mounted RE
technologies are preferable because the collection area can be guaranteed to be available over the
life of the building. Other permanent structures could include non-buildable land and parking,
and are considered in Option 2. Systems mounted within the boundary of the site, but not on the
permanent building structure, could have a greater chance of being shaded, blocked, or removed
because of future development needs for adjacent land.

Option 2 – Renewable Energy Generated within the Boundary of the Building Site This option
addresses RE generated on the building site but not within its footprint or mounted on the
building. On-site RE is ideally connected directly to the building’s electricity, hot/chilled water,
or other building energy systems; however, on-site RE does not necessarily have to be directly
connected if the RE equipment can be shown to be located on the building’s site using a
commonly accepted site definition. Typical strategies include parking lot PV systems mounted to
shading structures, tower-based wind turbines mounted in a neighboring field, and ground-
mounted solar hot water systems connected into the building’s hot water distribution system. An
on-site solar-thermal absorption chiller would also be considered under this option

Option 3 – Off-Site Renewable Energy Used to Generate Energy on Site RE resources from
outside the building site boundary (Options 3 and 4 in Table 1) could arguably also be used to
achieve an NZEB. Often, high energy use buildings such as hospitals, laboratories, and grocery
stores do not have sufficient RE generation capacity available within the building footprints or
within the site boundaries. Our NZEB classification recognizes this, and was developed so all
buildings could potentially reach NZEB. NZEBs that require significant off-site RE can achieve
net-zero energy consumption under this classification system. However, it is not the same as a
building that generates all needed energy on site and is classified as such. Renewable sources
such as wood pellets, ethanol, and biodiesel that are imported to the site can be valuable, but are
less valuable than on-site renewable sources in the NZEB context. Option 3 is less preferable
than Option 1 or 2 because of the energy used and the carbon footprint associated with producing
and transporting the renewable resource to the building site. A building could qualify as an
NZEB by using RE sources that are available off site, importing them on site, and then using
them to generate energy on site. An example of this would be wood chips imported to heat a
building.

Classification of Net-Zero Energy Buildings

Although all attempts to achieve an NZEB are valuable, we can classify an NZEB based on the

RE supply options used and definitions met. A building that offsets all its energy use from

renewable resources available within the footprint is at the top of the NZEB classification system

at an NZEB: A. A building that achieves an NZEB definition through a combination of on-site

renewables and off-site purchases of RECs is placed at the lowest end of the NZEB classification

at an NZEB:D. The goal of this type of classification is to encourage building owners and

designers to first use all possible cost-effective energy efficiency strategies, and then use RE

sources and technologies that are located on the building. Once all possible cost-effective

efficiency and on-site RE strategies have been fully exploited, off-site options should be
explored if necessary. This NZEB classification system is applicable to both single building

projects as well as a set of buildings in a community or campus.

● Buildings Classified as NZEB:A

NZEB: A building generates and uses energy through a combination of energy efficiency and
RE collected within the building footprint. These buildings can qualify as sites because of their
use of on-site RE resources. If the source and emissions multipliers for an NZEB:A are high
during times of utility energy use, but low during times the NZEB is exporting to the grid,
reaching a source or emissions NZEB position may be difficult. Qualifying as a cost NZEB may
be difficult, depending on the net metering policies in the area.

● Buildings Classified as NZEB:B

NZEB:B buildings generate and use energy through a combination of energy efficiency, RE
generated within the footprint, and RE generated within the site. These buildings can qualify as
site because of their use of on-site RE resources. If the source and emissions multipliers for an
NZEB:B are high during times of utility energy use, but low during times the NZEB is exporting
to the grid, reaching a source or emissions NZEB position may be difficult. Qualifying as a cost
NZEB may be difficult, depending on the net metering policies in the area.

● Buildings Classified as NZEB:C

NZEB:C buildings use the RE strategies as described for NZEB:A and/or NZEB:B buildings to
the maximum extent feasible. These buildings also use Option 3, off-site renewable resources
that are brought on site to produce energy. They may qualify as site, source, and emissions
NZEBs because they use renewable resources. An NZEB: C source and emission position may
be difficult if carbon-neutral renewables such as wood chips are used, or if it has unfavorable
source and carbon multipliers. This can occur if an NZEB exports energy when the utility has
low source and carbon impacts, but imports energy when the utility has high source and carbon
impacts. NZEB: C buildings typically do not reach a cost NZEB position because renewable
materials are purchased to bring on site—it would be very difficult to recoup these expenses by
any compensation received from the utility for RE generation.

● Buildings Classified as NZEB: D

NZEB:D buildings use the energy strategies as described for NZEB:A, NZEB:B, and/or NZEB:C
buildings. On-site renewable strategies are used to the maximum extent feasible. These buildings
also use Option 4, purchasing certified off-site RE such as utility-scale wind and RECs from
certified sources. Once all possible cost-effective efficiency and on-site RE strategies have been
fully exploited, off-site options should be explored if necessary. NZEB:D buildings may qualify
as source and emissions NZEBs if they purchase enough RE and have favorable source and
emissions factors. They will not qualify as site and cost NZEBs.
Off-Grid Net-Zero Energy Buildings Achieving an NZEB without the grid is very difficult, as
the current generation of energy storage technologies is limited. Despite the electrical energy
independence of off-grid buildings, they usually rely on outside energy sources such as propane
and other fuels for cooking, space heating, water heating, and backup generators. Off-grid
buildings cannot feed their excess energy production back onto the grid to offset other energy
uses. As a result, the energy production from renewable resources must be oversized. In many
cases (especially during the summer), excess generated energy cannot be used. It is possible,
though, to have a grid-independent NZEB. To do this, any backup energy needs would have to
be supplied from renewable resources such as wood pellets or biodiesel. An off grid building that
uses no fossil fuels could be considered a pure NZEB, as no fossil fuels or net annual energy
balances are needed or used.

ADVANTAGES:

1. Isolation for building owners from future energy price increases

2. Increased comfort due to more-uniform interior temperatures (this can be demonstrated
with Comparative isotherm maps)
3. Reduced requirement for energy austerity
4. Reduced total cost of ownership due to improved energy efficiency
5. Reduced total net monthly cost of living
6. Reduced risk of loss from grid blackouts
7. Improved reliability – photovoltaic systems have 25-year warranties and seldom fail
during Weather problems – the 1982 photovoltaic systems on the Walt Disney World
EPCOT (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) Energy Pavilion are still
working fine today[when?], after going through three recent hurricanes
8. Extra cost is minimized for new construction compared to an afterthought retrofit
9. Higher resale value as potential owners demand more ZEBs than available supply
10. the value of a ZEB building relative to similar conventional building should increase
every time energy costs increase
11. Future legislative restrictions, and carbon emission taxes/penalties may force expensive
retrofits to inefficient buildings
12. Contribute to the greater benefits of the society, e.g. providing sustainable renewable
energy to the grid, reducing the need for grid expansion.

DISADVANTAGES
 1. Initial costs can be higher – effort required to understand, apply, and qualify for ZEB
subsidies, if they exist.
2. Very few designers or builders have the necessary skills or experience to build ZEBs
3. Possible declines in future utility company renewable energy costs may lessen the value
of Capital invested in energy efficiency
4. New photovoltaic solar cells equipment technology price has been falling at roughly 17%
per year – It will lessen the value of capital invested in a solar electric generating system
– Current Subsidies may be phased out as photovoltaic mass production lowers future
price
5. Challenge to recover higher initial costs on resale of building, but new energy rating
systems are being introduced gradually.
6. While the individual house may use an average of net zero energy over a year, it may
demand energy at the time when peak demand for the grid occurs. In such a case, the
capacity of the Grid must still provide electricity to all loads. Therefore, a ZEB may not
reduce the required power plant capacity.
7. Without an optimized thermal envelope the embodied energy, heating and cooling energy
and resource usage is higher than needed. ZEB by definition do not mandate a minimum
heating and cooling performance level thus allowing oversized renewable energy systems
to fill the energy gap.
8. Solar energy capture using the house envelope only works in locations unobstructed from
the sun. The solar energy capture cannot be optimized in the north (for northern
hemisphere, or south for southern Hemisphere) facing shade, or wooded surroundings.

BARRIERS/CHALLENGES

● Regulation and lack of political will

● Business case and financing
● Lack of awareness and familiarity for design professionals
● Difficulty in finding trained contractors
● Insufficient knowledge base
● Lack of suitable variety and competitive market for high performance products
● Lack of awareness of passive design and benefits
● Lack of experts capable of doing quality assurance

CURRENT STATUS

The Indira Paryavaran Bhavan in New Delhi (constructed in 2014) is India’s first NZEB, built
with integrated energy-conservation methodologies and a super-efficient solar PV system of
930kW capacity. This system generates almost 1,491,000 units annually, while the overall
energy demand of the building is approximately 1,421,000 units per year. However, in spite of
their promising potential to tap solar power and address environmental challenges, only seven
Indian states (including Delhi) have constructed NZEBs till now.
Achieving a net-zero building with today’s technologies and occupant expectations is hard.
There is a handful of projects out there proving that it is possible—for the right building in the
right setting with the right team. Net-zero energy is an ambitious goal for any building—one that
can’t be achieved without scrupulous attention to every aspect of a building’s design,
construction, and operation. Like the related goal of creating a carbon-neutral building, any net-
zero building has to first achieve significant load reductions and system efficiencies, and then
meet the remaining loads with onsite energy generation.

CONCLUSION

Worldwide acceptance of zero energy building technology may require more government
incentives or building code regulations, the development of recognized standards, or significant
increases in the cost of conventional energy. The zero energy building concepts has been a
progressive evaluation from other low energy building designs. Difficulty in finding trained
contractors and builders, lack of public awareness, regulation and political agenda, financing are
not a barrier to achieve goal. NZEB’s are the good solution to significantly reducing energy use
and greenhouse gas emissions for the life of the building.

Reference

Jaymin Gajjar, “Zero energy buildings: Decarbonizing India by tapping the sun”, PV Tech 2019

V. Sumateja Reddy, “Net Zero Energy Building Movement in India - An Overview”, © 2016
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A Critical Look at the Definition”, Pacific Grove, California August
14−18, 2006, NREL/CP-550-39833 June 2006

Shanti Pless and Paul Torcellini, “Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical

Look at the Definition”, Pacific Grove, California August 14−18, 2006,
NREL/CP-550-39833 June 2006

K. Rushikesh Babu,C. Vyjayanthi, “Implementation of Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB)

Prototype with Renewable Energy Integration”, 2017 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP)

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