Biomass Power Generation

Joseph Martin
Professeur Emérite
Université catholique de Louvain
Département de Mécanique
Place du Levant 2
B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)
joseph.martin@uclouvain.be

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 1

Biomass Power Generation

1. Steam turbines
1. The Rankine-Hirn cycle
2. The technological constraints
3. The first improvement : the tapping
4. The second improvement : the reheat
5. The field of applications and the energy use efficiency
2. Gas turbines
1. The gas turbine cycle
2. The technological constraints
3. The potential field of applications
3. Internal combustion engines
4. Others power generators
Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 2
 Steam turbines
The Rankine-Hirn cycle

The installation
The (t,s) diagram

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 3

Steam turbines
The technological constraints
The h,s diagram of
the water vapor :
Limiting facteurs for a
R-H cycle
physical limit
p4 (fixé par t4)
• technological limite
t3 -----------
x4 -----------
• expansion irreversibility
WmT h3 − h4
ηsiT  =
WmT ,S h3 − h4 S

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 4

 Steam turbines
The technological constraints

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 5

Steam turbines
The tapping

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 6

 Steam turbines
The tapping

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 7

Steam turbines
The tapping

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 8

 Steam turbines
The reheat

h 3 6

7
4

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 9

Steam turbines
The reheat

6
3

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 10

 Steam turbines
Combining reheat and multi-tapping

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 11

Steam turbines
The field of applications

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 12

 Steam turbines
The field of applications

Reheat 510 °C 14 MPa

ηt = 0.44
PEL > 75 MW Tapping 510 °C 3 MPa
7 tap regen
ηEL = 0.35

500 °C 4 MPa ηt = 0.38

75 > PEL > 30 Tapping
3-4 tap regen ηEL = 0.31
450 °C 3.3 MPa ηt = 0.34
30 > PEL > 10 Tapping
2-3 tap regen ηEL = 0.27
400 °C 2.4 MPa ηt = 0.30
10 > PEL > 4 Tapping
1-2 tap regen ηEL = 0.24

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 13

Steam turbines
The field of applications

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 14

 Steam turbines
The field of applications

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 15

Steam turbines
The field of applications

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 16

 Steam turbines
The field of applications

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 17

Steam turbines
The field of applications

Biomass Power Generation Florianopolis June 2007 Prof J. MARTIN 18