‫"ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ "‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺁﺏ‬

‫‪ ۱۲‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ۱۴‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ‪۱۳۸۵‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪GIS‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻴﻪ ﺻﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﺎﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﺥ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺪﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ -‬ﺥ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۳۰‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﮐﺮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺪﺱ‪ -‬ﺥ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺮﺩﻱ ‪ -‬ﻛﻮﻱ ﺗﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۱۷‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﻟﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ -‬ﺑﻠﻮﺍﺭ ‪ ۲۹‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ‪-‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ‪ RMC‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ GIS‬ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻱ ‪ SQL Server‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﻳﮋﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﻢ ﺁﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ،GIS‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ )ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ( ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺰﻭﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،(١٩٩٦)،FAO،‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ)‪SIMIS(Scheme Irrigation Management Information System‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ SIMIS .‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ‪ ،...‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‪ SQL Server‬ﻭ ‪ GIS‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪ GIS‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ GIS‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﺏ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﺩﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻙﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺯﻩ ﺁﺑﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭ… ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫‪ ۲ ،۱‬ﻭ‪ ،۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ )‪ ،(ETcrop‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (Inet‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺏ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۲۴‬ﻭ‪ ۵۶‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ‪ FAO‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺝ ( ﻃﺮﺡﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺮﺡﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻛﺸﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ( ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ )ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ )‪ ،(On-demand‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬
‫)‪ ،(Semi-Demand‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ )‪ ،(Canal Rotation & Semi Demand‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(Rotational‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ )‪ (Continuous Flow‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ )‪ (Proportional Supply‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﯼ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑﯽ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ،۳‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‪ ۲‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺋﻲﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻚ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﺎﹰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺑﺖﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱-۳‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺑﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺩﺳﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ) ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۷۰‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ )‪ (FAO‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ )‪ (Ky‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Y ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ETa ‬‬
‫‪ky = 1 − a ‬‬ ‫‪1 −‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫]‪[۱‬‬
‫‪ Ym ‬‬ ‫‪ ETm ‬‬
‫‪ Ya‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪Ym ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‪ ETa ،‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻭ ‪ ETm‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲-۳‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ)ﭘﻼﺕ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ۳‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ )ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ( ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
 ‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ۳‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪۲‬ﻭ‪ ۱‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺑﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺑﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺑﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﺑﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﺗـﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ۳- ۳‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮐﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ) ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ( ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻚ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻛـﺸﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ۴‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﻴﮏ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﮐﻢ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ)ﺁﺟﻲ ﭼﺎﻱ(‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﯽ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ‪ ۲۵۰۰۰‬ﻫﮑﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ‪ LMC‬ﻭ‪ AMC‬ﻭ‪ RMC‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﭼﭗ ﺳﻨﻴﺦ ﭼﺎﯼ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ‪ .RMC‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ‪ ۵۰۰۰‬ﻫﮑﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ‪RMC‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮏ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﺏﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ ۷۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱-۵‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺟﻲ ﭼﺎﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺟﻲﭼﺎﻱ)ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪ GIS‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‪ SQLServer‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ GIS‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ۲ ،۱‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﻭ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﮑﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻩﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ،۳‬ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺮﺍﻫﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ‪ ....‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ‪ ،...‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺱ ﻭﺟﻮ)‪ (Query‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪Script‬ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪:(۲‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‪ ۳‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ :(۱‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‪RMC‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ :(۴‬ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ‪ RMC‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ :(۳‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ RS2‬ﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ۳‬ﺁﻥ‬
 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ :(۶‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ :(۵‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ‪ ۲‬ﺩﺭﻣﺪﻝ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪:(۸‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﭘﻼﺗﻬﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‪.۳‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ :(۷‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ‪ ،...‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ )ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﺍﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﮑﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﮐﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫• ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻼﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
 ‫• ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﮑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻢ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‪....‬‬
‫• ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑﺲ‬
‫• ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‪٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑﺲ‬
‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺮﺁﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﮑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻳﮑﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺁﻗﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺷﻨﻄﻴﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺘـﺮﻡ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ ﺳـﺮﺍﺝ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺘـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﺰﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﮑﺸﻲ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻫﻤﮑـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴـﺎﺭ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﻡ‪ .۱۳۸۳ .۲‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻳﮑﻢ‪ -‬ﺍ‪.‬ﺳﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻱ‪.‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ‪،‬ﺍ‪، .‬ﺩﻳﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬ﺵ‪ ، .‬ﺣﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬ﺡ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‪،‬ﻙ‪.۱۳۸۳.‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻼﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ .GIS‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺁﻳﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﻲ )ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ(‪ ۲۵ .‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‪.‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪.۹۵-۷۳‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺻﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﻲ‪،‬ﺭ‪"،۱۳۸۴ ،.‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‪GIS‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪4- Aronoff, S.1991. Geographic information systems:A Management Perspective. WDL Publications, Ottava.‬‬
‫‪5- Huang, Y. 2003. Modeling Flows in Irrigation Distribution Networks Model Description and‬‬
‫‪Prototype.Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department , Texas A$M University.Written for‬‬
‫‪presentation at the 2003 ASAE ;Las Vegas,Nevada,USA,27-30 July‬‬
‫‪6- Mladen, Todorovic, Pasquale and Steduto .2002. A GIS for irrigation management.‬‬
‫‪7- Rao ,N.H. , Sheena M. and Sarma P.B.S. 2004. GIS Based Decision Support System for Real Time Water‬‬
‫‪Demand Estimation in Canal Irrigation System "; CURRENT SCIENCE , Vol. 87 , No.5 .‬‬
‫‪8-‬‬ ‫‪Sagardoy, J.A., Bottrall, A. and Uttenbogaard,G.O.1986. Organization Operation and Maintanance‬‬
‫‪of Irrigation Schemes. FAO. Paper 40.‬‬
‫‪9- Sarangi, a., Rao, N.H., Brownee, S.M. and Singh, A.K.2001. Use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tool‬‬
‫‪in watershed hydrology and Irrigation Water Management. New Delhi. pp .1- 4.‬‬
‫‪10- Fipps, G. and Leigh, E. 2000. GIS- Based management system for irrigation districts. Proceedings of‬‬
‫‪International Conference on Challenges Facing Irrigation and Drainage in the New Millennium, USCID, Fort‬‬
‫‪Collins, U.S.A., June 20-24, pp. 103-116.‬‬
‫‪11- Vanden Bulcke, M. , Sagardoy, J.A. , Hatcho,N. , Bellostas, J.M.1996. User Manual of SIMIS (Scheme‬‬
‫‪Irrigation Management Information System). FAO.‬‬