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1)
Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mạc Đĩnh Chi
Street, District 1, Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam (*corresponding author’s e-mail: tranhuudang@
gmail.com)
2)
Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,
18 Hoàng Quốc Việt, Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội, Vietnam
3)
Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoàng
Quốc Việt Street, Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội, Vietnam
4)
Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569
Received 4 Dec. 2018, final version received 8 Mar. 2019, accepted 14 Mar. 2019
Lưu H.T., Trần H.Đ., Nguyễn T.L., Nguyễn Q.B. & Leong-Škorničková J. 2019: Alpinia vietnamica
(Zingiberaceae), a new species from central Vietnam. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 56: 221–226.
Alpinia vietnamica H.Đ. Trần, Luu & Škorničk. sp. nova (Zingiberaceae : Alpinieae)
from the sect. Alpinia subsect. Catimbium with rugose leaves is described here. It
occurs in central Vietnam and has been previously misidentified as A. rugosa described
from Hainan, China. A detailed description, illustrations, as well as notes on distribu-
tion, ecology and phenology of the new species are given.
Alpinia (Roxburgh 1810) is the largest and most of the names reported are misapplied. Among
widespread genus in the Zingiberaceae with these, A. rugosa — the only species in subgenus
some 230 species occurring in S and SE Asia Catimbium known to have narrow and promi-
and extending to the Pacific and Australia (Smith nently rugose leaves — was originally described
1990, Larsen et al. 1998). Although Alpinia is from Hainan, China (Zou et al. 2012) and only
known to be highly morphologically diverse recently added to the flora of Vietnam by Leong-
and proven to be polyphyletic (cf. e.g., Kress Škorničková and Newman (2015: photo with
et al. 2005, 2007, De Boer et al. 2018), no caption only) and Lê et al. (2017). As we explain
new formal classification has been proposed below, A. rugosa represents one of these misap-
yet. The currently accepted infrageneric clas- plied names and the species does not occur in
sification proposed by Smith (1990), which rec- Vietnam. The existence of the Vietnamese taxon
ognises two subgenera and 11 sections, is still with rugose leaves in central Vietnam (e.g., Ngọc
used. Alpinia sect. Alpinia subsect. Catimbium Linh Nature Reserve in Quảng Nam Province,
consists of about 33 species worldwide (Smith Kon Plong forests in Kon Tum Province, Bạch
1990, Kress et al. 2005). Twelve species of this Mã National Park in Thừa Thiên-Huế Province)
subsection are known to occur in Vietnam (Lê et has been known for over 10 years, however most
al. 2017, Lý 2017), although no recent revision of these records (including ours) consisted of
of Alpinia in Vietnam has been done, and some sterile or fruiting collections.
222 Lưu et al. • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56
During our most recent surveys in the Sơn Trà cream to greenish externally, cream to light
peninsula (Đà Nẵng City) and Tây Giang District brown internally. Leafy shoot 0.6–1 m long,
(Quảng Nam Province) in 2017 we encountered often inclined ca. 45°, 7–9 leaves per shoot,
this species in flower and fruit. We noted that, leafless at basal 1/3 to 1/2, shoots ca. 2–5 cm
unlike A. rugosa, the species in Vietnam has apart; sheathing bracts 3–4 per pseudostem,
persistent bracteoles. Based on flower dissections 5–30 cm long, green with reddish tinge when
and detailed comparison with A. rugosa there is young, turning green and eventually brown and
no doubt that the collections from central Viet- papery with age, finely reticulate. Ligules entire
nam actually represent a distinct and yet unde- to bilobed, 5–7 mm long, hirtellous at margin;
scribed species, which we name below as Alpinia petioles canaliculate, ca. 3.5–5 cm long, gla-
vietnamica (Fig. 1). Revision of the herbarium brous. Lamina oblong, 22–42 ¥ 6–8 cm, rugose,
material at P revealed the existence of numer- glabrous adaxially, puberulent abaxially; apex
ous historical specimens of this species collected acuminate, acumen 2–3 cm long; base cordate,
from Vietnam, some of which are over 100 years often oblique; margin undulate, entire, hyaline,
old (see additional specimens studied and Fig. 2). semi-translucent white. Inflorescence termi-
The descriptions are mainly based on living nal raceme, erect, 15–25 cm long, with 13–29
flowering material and follow in style and level flowers sparsely arranged on rachis, 7–19 mm
of detail our recent papers (e.g., Lưu et al. 2017, apart, 1–3 flowers open simultaneously; pedun-
Trần et al. 2018). General plant terminology in cle mostly hidden within pseudostem, visible
this paper follows that in Beentje (2016). part extending beyond pseudostem 1–4 cm long,
puberulous, spike 13–24 cm long. Peduncular
bract one, ca. 7 cm long, green with brownish
Alpinia vietnamica H.Đ. Trần, Luu & red tinge, caducous. Fertile bracts absent. Pedi-
Škorničk., sp. nova (Figs. 1 and 2) cel 4–8 mm, hirsute, bearing single flower. Brac-
teole tubular, persistent until fruiting, 29–32 ¥
Type: Vietnam. Quảng Nam Province, Tây Giang District, 7–9 mm, with unilateral slit 9–13 mm long, dark
15°51´16´´N, 107°21´16´´E, 1090 m a.s.l., 16 April 2017 red, externally puberulent, apex bilobed, lobes
Trần Hữu Đăng & Nguyễn Thành Lực TG-129 (holotype
2–4 mm long, margin ciliate. Flower ca. 5.8–
SGN; isotypes SGN, SING, VNMN). — Paratypes: Viet-
nam. Thừa Thiên-Huế Province, Bạch Mã N.P., Đồng Truồi,
6.2 cm long. Calyx tubular, 24–27 ¥ 7–9 mm,
16°14´44.98´´N, 107°43´13.05´´E, 162 m a.s.l, 3 May 2012 with unilateral slit 14–15 mm long, apex 2
Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-1632 (E, PR, SING, VNMN); lobed, lobes ca. 1–3 mm long, dark red, puber-
Bạch Mã, March 1939 Poilane s.n. (P), 28 June 1916 Eber- ulent externally, glabrous internally. Floral
hardt 3021(P); 4 km from Bạch Mã Peak, 16°12´3.38´´N, tube 18–20 mm long, funnel-shaped, ca. 3.5
107°50´52.84´´E, 1065 m a.s.l, 4 May 2012 Leong-
Škorničková et al. JLS-1649 (SING, VNMN), 22 April 2003
mm wide at base, ca. 6.5 mm wide distally,
L. Averyanov et al. HLF-1280 (HN, LE, MO); A Lưới externally white, glabrous, internally white at
District, Hồng Kim Commune, close to A Nor waterfall, base, pinkish red distally, hirsute at throat area.
708 m a.s.l., 7 June 2014 Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-2800 Dorsal corolla lobe obovate, concave, 32–36 ¥
(SING, VNMN); Nam Đông, 7 April 2007 L. Averyanov et 19–22 mm, white, sometimes with reddish
al. HAL-10994 (HN, LE, MO), 24 March 2005 L. Avery-
anov et al. HAL-6814 (HN, LE, MO); Đà Nẵng City, Sơn
tinge at apex, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes
Trà Nature Reserve, 16°07´47.3´´N, 108°15´34.2´´E, 509 m oblong, slightly concave, 32–37 ¥ 10–11 mm,
a.s.l., 23 April 2017 Trần Hữu Đăng & Nguyễn Thành Lực white, margin ciliate. Labellum ovate, 3-lobed,
ST-62 (SGN, SING, VNMN); Liên Chiểu, 1000 m a.s.l., 21 42–48 mm long, 40–43 mm wide (measured at
November 1923 Poilane 7680 (P); Quảng Nam Province, 21 broadest point of basal lobes), 22–29 mm wide
March 1939 Poilane 29513 (P); Trà My, southwest of Quảng
(measured at apical lobe), basal lobes with very
Nam, 19 February 1941 Poilane 31357 (P); village of Mang
Tra, 1500 m a.s.l., 27 February 1941 Poilane 31873 (P). dense red stripes running from base to margin,
Etymology. The species is named after the country sides with ca. 3 mm warm yellow margin, apical
where it was first found. lobe pale yellow with branched stripes running
from base towards the margin, margin finely
Clump-forming herb with 3–9(16) pseu- crisped, apex sometimes sub-lobed, sub-lobes
dostems. Rhizome creeping, 1–1.5 cm in diam., slightly overlapping. Lateral staminodes subu-
ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56 • Alpinia vietnamica, a new species from central Vietnam 223
Fig. 1. Alpinia vietnamica (A, B, C, F, H and I from the holotype; D, E and G from the paratype H.Đ. Trần & T.L.
Nguyễn ST-62 (SGN, VNMN, SING). — A: Habit. — B: Leaves, adaxial and abaxial view. — C: Inflorescence. — D:
Young infructescence. — E: Close-up of flower. — F: Ligule. — G: Young fruit. — H: Flower dissection. — I: Stamen
(side, front and back view).
224 Lưu et al. • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56
late, 3–5 mm long, red with yellow apex, basally broad. Ovary ovoid, 5.5–6.5 ¥ 4.5–5 mm, green,
with a few hairs. Stamen 37–39 mm long; fila- densely pubescent. Style ca. 6 cm long, white,
ment ca. 20 mm long, red at base, turning cream red at base, hairy near the stigma; stigma club-
towards apex, with sparse glandular hairs abaxi- shaped, ca. 1.5 mm long, 3 mm wide; ostiole cil-
ally; anther 18–19 mm long, ca. 7.3 mm broad, iate. Infructescence lax, fruits spaced 1.5–3 cm.
connective tissue yellow, covered with dense Fruit a globose capsule, upon ripening reluc-
glandular hairs; thecae dehiscing longitudinally tantly dehiscent by three valves (under pressure),
for the entire length. Epigynous glands two, apex 1.8–2.4 cm in diam., with persistent calyx and
slightly lobed, cream, 2.5–3 mm long, ca. 2 mm often with remnant bracteole, green when young,
ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 56 • Alpinia vietnamica, a new species from central Vietnam 225
Information Centre at Singapore Botanic Gardens and the Lê T.H., Đỗ N.Đ., Nguyễn Q.B. & Nguyễn T.T. 2017:
Zingiberaceae Resource Centre at the Royal Botanic Garden Alpinia rugosa S.J. Chen & Z.Y. Chen (Zingiberaceae),
Edinburgh (https://padme.rbge.org.uk/ZRC/) for providing a new record for flora of Vietnam. — VNU Journal of
protologues and various Zingiberaceae related references. Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 33: 101–104.
Lưu H.T., Trần H.Đ., Nguyễn T.Q.T. & Leong-Škorničková
J. 2017: Curcuma cotuana sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae: Zin-
gibereae) from central Vietnam. — Nordic Journal of
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