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Lac Insects of the World
An updated Catalogue and Bibliography
Compiled by
R.K. Varshney
Edited by
K.K. Sharma
Network Project on Conservation of Lac Insect Genetic Resources

ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums
Namkum, Ranchi - 834010, India
LAC INSECTS OF THE WORLD
An Updated Catalogue and Bibliography
Compiled by
R.K. Varshney
Formerly of Indian Lac Research Institute

(Now Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums)
and
Zoological Survey of India
Edited by
K.K. Sharma
Project Coordinator
and
Director
2020

Namkum, Ranchi - 834010, India
ISBN: 978-93-5396-869-4
Citation:
Varshney RK [Sharma KK (Ed.)]. 2020. Lac Insects of the World – An updated
Catalogue and Bibliography. ICAR- IINRG, Ranchi. pp viii + 84.
All Rights Reserved
© 2020, ICAR- Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, India
No part of this book may be printed or reproduced or utilized in any form

by electronic, mechanical, photocopying, xeroxing or other means, now
known or invented later, without the written permission from Director of
ICAR - Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums,
Namkum, Ranchi- 834 010, Jharkhand, India.
Cover page photographs (from top left to right)

(i) Lac nymphs settled on the twig, (ii) Male lac insects, (iii) Adult female
lac insect (cream), (iv) Nymph feeding on phloem sap, (v) Adult female lac
insect (yellow) and (vi) Adult female lac insect (crimson).
Price: Rs. 100/-
Published by
Director, ICAR- Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums
Namkum, Ranchi- 834 010, Jharkhand, India
Phone: +91 651-2261156, EPBX: +91 651-2260117, Fax: +91 651- 2260202
E-mail: director.iinrg@icar.gov.in; Website: https://iinrg.icar.gov.in
Printed at:
Speedo Print, Ranchi, Jharkhand
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Contents Page No.
1. Foreword i
2. Editorial iii
3. Preface v
4. About the Network Project on Conservation of Lac vii

Insect Genetic Resources
5. Introduction 1
6. Catalogue 5
i. Family Tachardiidae 5
ii. Subfamily Tachardiinae 5
iii. Subfamily Tachardininae 39
iv. Alphabetical Index of scientific names 56
7. Bibliography 59
i. Author Index of Bibliography 77
ii. Addendum to the Bibliography 82

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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
TRILOCHAN MOHAPATRA, Ph.D.
KRISHI BHAVAN, NEW DELHI 110 001
FNA, FNASc, FNAAS Tel. : 23382629, 23386711 Fax : 91-11-23384773
SECRETARY & DIRECTOR GENERAL E-mail: dg.icar@nic.in
Foreword
Insect genetic resources especially beneficial insects have played a very
important role in our agrarian economy. World over, Scientists have been
seeking insect germplasm in their quest to utilize insect genome and products
for health and food for well-being of population and also shore up the
dwindling genetic base due to deforestation and climate change. We need to
take our insect rescores seriously and utilize them effectively for economy and
social uplift in rural areas. Traditionally, insects have been backbone of small
farmers especially tribal for livelihood as well as employment generation. Lac
insect, silk worm and honey bees have since long been source of economically
important products. More than 50 lakh people are dependent on lac cultivation
and processing industries alone for their livelihood in the eastern part of our
country especially in rain-fed ecosystem.
The lac insects are commercially harnessed for their useful product viz., resin,
dye and wax, and their application. The lac production in India is derived
practically from the Indian lac insect Kerria lacca (Kerr); other minor species are
K. sharda and K. chinensis. Lac insect genetic diversity is the key component of
any lac production system. More than 26% of lac insect biodiversity found in
the world has been reported from India. But, due to large scale deforestation
and dwindling active lac cultivation area, there is alarming reduction in bio-
diversity of the country. Lac insect biodiversity is utilized either directly for lac
cultivation or as a source of useful traits that can be used in breeding improved
varieties. The kusmi form of Kerria lacca, known for its superior quality of lac and
higher productivity is unique to India. Characterization and documentation of
lac insect biodiversity merits immediate attention for protection against bio-
piracy and also exchange of information.
The ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi has responsibility
to conserve the lac biodiversity for posterity. Therefore, a Network Project on,
‘Conservation of Lac Insect Genetic resources’ was initiated in 2014 to survey,
collect and conserve lac insect genetic resources collected from different
i
parts of India. The collections are maintained live under umbrella, National
Lac Insect Germplasm Centre. The collection contains different species as
well as geographic and host races of Kerria. Proper documentation of the lac
insect biodiversity of the world is pre-requisite to the proper harnessing of
these natural resources. I acknowledge and appreciate the compilation of the
information on lac insects of the world. I believe that the catalogue ‘Lac insects
of the world’ would help achieve systematic characterization and utilization of
the lac insect biodiversity.
(Trilochan Mohapatra)
ii
Editorial
Lac insect genetic diversity is the key component of any lac production
system. This biodiversity has been utilized either directly for lac cultivation
or as source of useful traits that can be used in breeding improved varieties.
Members of family Tachardiidae (=Kerriidae) (Homoptera: Coccoidea) are
commonly known as lac insects. The family is characterized by sclerotized
features of the adult female. The outer lac encrustation called lac cell, does
not always help in recognition, although it provides indicators in some
cases, e.g., lac is resinous and alcohol soluble in sub-family Tachardiinae, but
hard, horny and insoluble in Tachardininae. 99 species of lac insects have
been described so far from all over the world. The distribution of lac insects
is restricted mainly to tropical and sub-tropical regions, 400 North and
South of Equator. India is endowed with rich wealth of lac insect resources.
More than 26 % lac insect biodiversity reported from the world is found in
our country under two genera i.e., Kerria (21 species) and Paratachardina (5
species). Species of Paratachardina do not produce true lac and considered
pests of economically important plants but have been utilized as bio-
control agents for controlling weeds. A few species of Kerria are exploited
commercially in India and some South Asian countries for production of
three economic products viz., resin, wax and dye. The kusmi form of Kerria
lacca, known for its superior quality of lac and higher productivity is unique
to India. Superior forms of this breed have been developed and exploited.
In this era of IPRs, open globalization and WTO regime, characterization and
documentation of lac insect biodiversity merits immediate attention for
protection against bio-piracy and also exchange of information. Collection,
conservation and sustainable use of these resources require specific
attention keeping in view their importance. Indian Institute of Natural
Resins and Gums (IINRG), Ranchi is the only research institute devoted
to research and development on lac and has the mandate of collecting,
conserving and evaluating lac insects; and thus, has responsibility to
conserve the biodiversity for the posterity. Lac insect germplasm diversity
has been collected from different agro-climatic zones of the country which
is enriched continually. But, due to large scale deforestation and dwindling
active lac cultivation area, there is alarming reduction in bio-diversity of
the country. Hence, it is needed to take up on priority the collection of
available lac insect biodiversity in the country. Collection, conservation and
sustainable use of these resources require specific attention keeping in
iii
view of their importance. Conservation of lac insects is a laborious process
as they have to be maintained live under protected conditions on potted
plants due to their phytosuccivorous habit and associated pest complex.
The institute has surveyed 96 districts of 19 states for collection of lac insects
and information on lac cultivation. 72 lines of lac insects which include
22 cultivated, 21 natural populations, 22 cross bred / inbred / selected,
one exotic and six uncoded lines are maintained in its Field Gene Bank.
Biodiversity conservation efforts led to identification of six new species of
lac insects from the collections maintained by the Lac Insect Field Gene
Bank of IINRG.
Proper documentation of the lac insect biodiversity of the world is pre-
requisite to the proper harnessing of these natural resources. I acknowledge
and appreciate the efforts of Dr. RK Varshney, an authority in scale insect
taxonomy for his efforts in compiling the information on lac insects of
the world. I believe that the catalogue ‘Lac insects of the world’ would
help achieve systematic characterization and utilization of the lac insect
biodiversity.
K.K. Sharma
ICAR-IINRG
Ranchi - 834010
iv
Preface
My posting in the Indian Lac Research Institute (ILRI); now, Indian Institute of
Natural Resins and Gums (during 1962-1966) brought me in touch with the lac
and lac insects. Posting in the Zoological Survey of India (1961-1962, 1966-1997)
put me in the field of taxonomic studies. Thus, a life - long career developed for
me in the taxonomic studies of lac insects. My following two theses to the Patna
University (Bihar) are evidence:
Ph.D. Thesis, ‘Taxonomical studies of lac insects of India and Study of physiology of
excretion of Kerria lacca (Kerr)’ {submitted 1971, Approved 1972}.
D.Sc. Thesis, ‘Contributions on the Lac Entomology and Taxonomic studies on

other insects’ {submitted 1985, Approved 1996}. {A copy each of both theses are
deposited in the library of IINRG, Ranchi}.
In 1961-62, I was placed under Dr. A.P. Kapur in ZSI, Calcutta. He was then Dy.
Director and has come after working in ILRI. Mr. S. Mohd. Ali was my colleague in
ZSI and during 1986-87, he worked besides me at Patna. Both Kapur and Ali have
produced catalogues relevant to the present work.
Dr. M.L. Roonwal was responsible for my entry, both times, in 1961 as well as in
1966, in ZSI. It was my luck that when I joined as Dy. Director at ZSI, Jodhpur (1983-
86), he was there as an emeritus scientist and we worked at close quarters. Roonwal
has been considered as an authority on lac host- plants.
During 1983, when I went to Budapest (Hungary) to attend week-long ISSIS-IV, Dr.
Y. Ben-Dov (Israel) and his wife were also attending. So was Prof. M. Kosztarab (USA)
who presided over some sessions. Ben-Dov later came up with several important
compilations on coccoids, some with Mr. & Mrs. Kosztarab. I have taken much
help in the present work from Ben-Dov’s 2006 catalogue. At Budapest, Dr. F. Kozar
(Hungary) was convener, who later edited the Palaearctic Catalogue of Coccids.
Though, I have not met Dr. D.R. Miller (USA), I had correspondence with him since
1967 onwards, when he sent me slide material of lac insects from the Smithsonian
Institution and California University, Davis. Later in one case, he has agreed with
my derivation that the family name of lac insects should be Tachardiidae, and not
Kerriidae.
At an early stage of my lac studies, I published an obituary note on the demise of

Dr. J.C. Chamberlin, in 1962 in the Entomological News (USA). I consider him the
pioneer on this subject who worked under the great Prof. G.F. Ferris.
v
With Jack Munting (South Africa) I had some correspondence. I sent him Kapur’s
catalogue. It was a sad news to learn recently that he expired and I published an
obituary note on him in the Bionotes {16 (2): 36} in 2014, written by Y. Ben-Dov &
J.H. Giliomee.
About 30 or so years back, Ms. Sunita Bhatti (Australia), a student of Dr. Penny Gullan,
wrote me from National University of Australia. Dr. Gullan has produced some
monographic studies on coccids. With her another student, Dr. T. Kondo, she has
revised some genera of lac insects. Kondo and I had an interesting correspondence
on Paratachardina mithila {Bionotes, 9(4):104-107}
Dr. Syed Mahdihassan (Pakistan) was very senior to me in age as well as in lac
studies. His first paper came in 1919 when he was at Bangalore, India. In contrast to
others, he did not use name Laccifer at all and continued to use his name Lakshadia
for the Indian lac insects, till I sent him my paper on Kerria in 1966. He instantly
accepted Kerria and start using it in his papers. I had correspondence with him for
number of years and later submitted his all letters to me to the library of IINRG. In
2002, when I published the second and last part of my ‘Checklist of Scale insects and
Mealy bugs of South Asia’, I included the photo of Dr. S. Mahdihassan on a plate of
Asian Coccidologists.
Dr. Ayashaa Ahmad (nee Jena) has recently done her Ph.D. in 2014 on Kerria insects
in India. I happened to be her examiner. I visited IARI (New Delhi) some years back
to that, to look at her work in the laboratory of Dr. V.V. Ramamurthy. Her studies are
a detailed work on Indian lac insects, after a long time.
At Ranchi, in 1962-66, I worked under Dr. T.P.S. Teotia. In later years I came to know
both Dr. R. Ramani and Dr. K.K. Sharma for last more than a decade. They all served,
in due course, as Director of the Institute. It is kind of Dr. Sharma to edit and publish
the present manuscript.
Working and interacting with above and many other Scientists and lac research
workers have proved much useful to me. From their publications I have learnt a lot.
I am grateful to above all persons.
R.K. Varshney
Raj Bhawan, Manik Chowk,
Aligarh (U.P.).
vi
Network Project on Conservation of Lac Insect
Genetic Resources
Lac-insects are the crowning glory
of India’s rich insect fauna. 26.3%
of the known lac-insect diversity
of the world is reported from our
country. Some of these insects are
economically important for their
products of commerce viz., resin,
dye and wax. Besides Indian lac
insect, Kerria lacca; K. chinensis and
K. sharda are two other important
lac producing insects. India is
privileged in being the largest
producer of lac in the world.
The lac-insect genetic resources

are under threat of disappearance,
with the consequent loss of their inherent genetic adaptation to their local
environments. The potential and actual use of these breeds needed to be realized.
Keeping these concerns in mind, the Network project was launched in August,
2014 through eight Network Cooperating Centers from each of the eight agro-
ecological regions of the country and three voluntory centers were added in 2017.
Agro-
Sl.
Name of the Center ecological Area covered
No.
regions
A. Lead Center
ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Namkum,
w
Ranchi – 834 010 (Jharkhand)
B. Network Cooperating / Voluntary Center a
Jammu and Kashmir,
Sher-e-Kashmir University
Humid Western Himachal Pradesh and
of Agricultural Sciences and
1 Himalayan two hill divisions of
Technology, Jammu
Region Uttar Pradesh, namely,
(Jammu & Kashmir)
Kumaon and Garhval.
vii
West Bengal and
Assam representing
Assam Agricultural Humid Bengal -
2 the Ganga-
University, Jorhat (Assam) Assam Basin
Brahmaputra alluvial
plain.
Arunachal Pradesh,
Humid Eastern Nagaland, Manipur,
Central Agricultural Himalayan Mizoram, Tripura,
3
University, Imphal (Manipur) Region and Bay Meghalaya, and
Islands Andaman & Nicobar
Islands.
Punjab Agricultural
4 University, Ludhiana
(Punjab) Sub-humid Punjab, plains of Uttar
Sutlej-Ganga Pradesh, Delhi, and
ICAR-Research Complex for Alluvial Plains Bihar.
4a Eastern Region, Patna
(Bihar)
Professor Jayashankar
Telangana State Agricultural Sub-humid
5 Orissa, Andhra
University, Hyderabad to Humid
(Telangana) Pradesh and the
Eastern and
Raipur Division of
Acharya NG Ranga South-eastern
Madhya Pradesh.
5a Agricultural University, Lam, Uplands
Guntur (Andhra Pradesh)
Maharana Pratap
Haryana, Rajasthan,
University of Agriculture Arid Western
6 Gujarat, and Dadra &
and Technology, Udaipur Plains
Nagar Haveli.
(Rajasthan)
Semi-arid Maharashtra, Goa,
State Forest Research
Lava Plateau Daman & Diu, and
7 Institute, Jabalpur (Madhya
and Central Western and Central
Pradesh)
Highlands Madhya Pradesh.
State Forest Research Humid to
8 Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Institute, Thrissur (Kerala) Semi-arid
Kerala, Pondicherry,
Western Ghats
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Uttara and Karnataka and Lakshadweep
8a Islands.
Kannada Sirsi (Karnataka) Plateau
Conservation is of particular concern in regions of rapid agricultural change, where
indigenous stocks and farming methods are being replaced. Such conservation
efforts are particularly important in the light of predicted global climate change,
and the ability of microbial and insect parasites to evolve and adapt to modern
chemical control methods.
viii
Introduction
Lac insects are specialized coccids (scale insects) which secrete lac, a
resinous or non-resinous substance covering over their body. These are
plant-sap sucking insects. Lac is reputed as the only resin of animal origin.
Since a very long time, lac resin has been used commercially. Two other
products of the lac insects, the lac dye – a natural crimson colour in the
body fluid, and the lac wax – present within and above the lac resin, have
also been of commercial value.
Fernald (1903) published the first catalogue of coccids of the world. Green
(1908) published a short catalogue of the coccids known from the then
India. MacGillivray (1921) published a book on the Coccidae covering all
world taxa known till then.
The first monograph on lac insects was published by Chamberlin (1923)
and its supplement (Chamberlin, 1925). Lac insects were first catalogued by
Kapur (1958). Lacciferidae of Siam (Thailand) were reported by Takahashi
(1941). The Coccidae of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) was dealtwith in detail by Green
(1896-1922) in 5 Volumes, of which fifth (Green, 1922) covered the lac scales.
Ferris (1955) dealtwith American lac insects in the Volume 7 of his ‘Atlas of
the Scale insects of North America’.
Ali (1968-1971) published a catalogue of Oriental Coccoidea, in five parts,
the third part of which (Ali, 1970) covered lac insects. Varshney (1976)
dealtwith all oriental species in detail. Varshney (1990) published a synoptic
catalogue of lac insects covering all world taxa, of which an update was
published by Sharma & Ramani (1999); and a revised synoptic catalogue
was published by Varshney (2009) and thereafter, a current list of the lac
insect taxa of world by Varshney (2014).
In between, Ben-Dov published a series of detailed systematic catalogues of
the coccoids of world, in one of which 8 scale insect families were dealtwith
by Ben-Dov (2006), which included Kerriidae, the family of lac insects. Some
other notable listings were made by Williams & Watson (1990) on scale
insects of tropical South Pacific region; Kondo & Kawai (1995) on the scale
insects on mango trees in India; Kozar & Drozdjak (1998) a catalogue of
Palearctic Coccoidea; and Tao (1999) on Coccoidea of China.
Besides, in the recent times, some significant taxonomic studies on lac insect
taxa have appeared. Zhang (1992 a, b, 1993) reported Chinese species of
1
Metatachardia and Kerria and a new genus Albotachardina. Kondo & Gullan
(2005, 2007, 2010) reported new species, as well as reviewed all species in
Autrotachardiella, Paratachardina and Tachardiella. Chen et al. (2011) dealt
with Chinese Kerria.
Ahmad (2013) wrote her Ph.D. thesis on Indian Kerria spp. and from there
published 6 new species from India (Ahmad et al., 2013 a, b). Some other
new species of lac insects have been described in different genera, by Ou &
Hong (1990), Williams & Watson (1990) Matile- Ferrero & Couturier (1993),
Mishra & Sushil (2000), Kondo & Gullan (2011) and Kondo et al. (2011).
Certain new combinations and nomenclature variations need also to be
pointed out. Therefore, a revised updated catalogue has become necessary.
After exactly 60 years of the publication of Kapur’s catalogue, the present
work is a desirable update.
The total Number of generic group taxa and species group taxa, recognized
as valid at present, are enumerated in the Table 1.
Table 1. Numbers of valid genus-group and species- group taxa

of lac insects till date.
No. of
No. Determined
additional
Subfamily Genus Subgenus Author & Year of Up to genus
sub-
species only
species
Tachardiinae Kerria Targ. 1884 22 5 2
Chamber-
Varshney, 1987 5
liniella
Metatachardia Chamberlin, 1923 6
Tachardiella Cockerell, 1901 16
Austrotachardiella Chamberlin, 1923 10
Austrotachardia Chamberlin, 1923 5
Tachardininae Afrotachardina Charmberlin, 1923 2
Tachardina Cockerell, 1901 20 2 1
Albotachardina Zhang, 1992 3
Paratachardina Balachowsky, 1950 10 1
Total 9 1 99 7 4
Genus-Group-10 Species group-106
2
Since the last compilation on this subject (Varshney, 2014), the

present catalogue reports following new changes:
1. Austrotachardiella ourinhensis (comb.)
2. Austrotachardia melaleuca (emend.)
3. Tachardina affluens affluens (sub sp.)
4. Tachardina affluens coagulata (status change)
5. Tachardina affluens natalensis (status change)
6. Kerria (Chamberliniella) manipurensis (New comb.)
These changes have been pointed out by earlier workers indicated therein.
The catalogue is arranged systematically. A few populations identified up
to genus level only and published, have been included. An alphabetical
index of valid scientific names has been provided just after the catalogue.
Bibliography
While compiling the references used in this updated taxonomic catalogue
of lac insects, it became apparent soon that a large number of references
will be repeated, if they all are reported here. Many of these have already
been included in earlier catalogues and other major publications {e.g.,
Chamberlin (1923), Kapur (1958) and Ben-Dov (2006)}. Varshney himself has
reported large number of these References (from earliest times to say the
year 1980) in his following three publications:
(i) Varshney, R.K. 1970. Lac literature - A Bibliography of Lac insects and
Shellac. Shellac Export Promotion Council, Calcutta: 216 pp.
(ii) Varshney, R.K. 1976. Taxonomic studies on Lac insects of India

(Homoptera: Tachardiidae). Oriental Ins. Suppl., No. 5: 1-97.
(iii) Varshney, R.K., 1984. A review of the family Tachardiidae (Kerriidae)

in the Orient (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Oriental Ins., 18: 361 - 384.
Errata, 19: 102.
Accordingly, to avoid much repetition, it has been thought proper to include

here only those papers / books which have been published after the year
1980. This tentative date was selected, because publications up to the years
3
1980 have already been included in above third paper (Varshney, 1984).ß
Besides taxonomy, other recent publications on lac or lac insects have also
been included here, to make the bibliography useful to research workers.
An author index of bibliography, showing concerned sl. nos. of references,
has been provided. An Addendum of 26 References has been included at
the end.
4
Catalogue
Family TACHARDIIDAE
Tachardiinae Green, 1896: 17. Cockerell, 1901: 249. Fernald, 1903: 123. Green,
1922: 402. MacGillivray, 1921: 148. Chamberlin, 1923: 147. Mahdihassan,
1923: 47.
Tachardiidae ‘Ferris’: Chamberlin, 1923: 163.
Lacciferidae Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chamberlin, 1925: 32. Balachowsky, 1950:
8. Ferris, 1955: 221-223. Kapur, 1958: 13. Munting, 1965: 32. Varshney &
Ganguly, 1968: 58. Wang et al., 1982: 53.
Kerriidae Lindinger, 1937: 187. Ben-Dov & Lit, 1998: 455. Gill, 1993. Kondo &
Gullan, 2005, 2007, 2011. Ben-Dov, 2006: 247.
Tachardiidae ‘Cockerell, 1901’: Varshney, 1966: 116.
Tachardiidae ‘Green, 1896’: Ferris, 1955: 219. Varshney, 1968: 488. Varshney
& Ganguly, 1968: 55, 59. Williams, 1969: 327. Ali, 1970: 62. Varshney, 1976: 6;
1985: 15; 1990: 71; 1993: 13; 1994: 329. Miller et al; 1999: 37. Ahmad, 2013:
36. Varshney, 1999: 61; 2009: 6; 2014: 48. Kozar& Drozdjak, 1998: 453-455.
Laccaiferidae: Chen et al., 2011: Ref. nec Ou & Hong, 1991: 16 {lapsus calami}
Type genus: Tachardia Blanchard (=Kerria Targioni- Tozzetti).
Subfamily TACHARDIINAE (nominate)

Tachardiinae Green, 1896: 16. Varshney, 1968: 488. Ali, 1970: 63. Varshney,
1985: 16; 1990: 71; 1993: 13.
Lacciferinae: Chamberlin, 1925: 32. Kapur, 1958: 13. Varshney & Ganguly,
1968: 58.
Tachardiniinae: Varshney, 1984: 363. {lapsus calami}.
Type genus: Tachardia Blanchard (=Kerria Targioni-Tozzetti).
Tribe TACHARDIINI (nominate)

‘Supergeneric group of Tachardia’ Chamberlin, 1923: 164.
Tachardiini Green, 1896. Varshney, 1976: 14; 1990: 71; 1993: 13. Ali, 1970: 63.
5
Lacciferinina Balachowsky, 1950.

Lacciferina: Williams, 1969.
Lacciferini: Chamberlin, 1925: 33. Kapur, 1958: 13.
Subtribe TACHARDIINA (Nominate)

Tachardii: Green, 1896. Chamberlin, 1923. Varshney, 1966: 118; 1976: 14;
2009:6.
Lacciferi: Chamberlin, 1925: 32.
Tachardiiti: Varshney, 2014: 48, 50.
N.B. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
(ICZN), 4th ed; all sub-tribe names should end with suffix - 'ina'.
Genus I. Kerria Targioni-Tozzetti

Carteria Signoret, 1874: 101 (preoccupied in Protozoa)
Kerria Targinoni-Tozzetti, 1884: 410. Lindinger, 1933: 166. Varshney, 1966:
116. Morrison & Morrison, 1966: 99. Williams, 1969: 327. Ali, 1970: 63.
Varshney, 1976: 19; 1985: 16; 1990: 71; 1993: 13. Ahmad, 2013: 36. Varshney,
2009: 6; 2014: 48.
Tachardia Blanchard, 1886: 1. Signoret, 1886: Ixii. Cockerell, 1901: 249.
Fernald, 1903: 123. MacGillivray, 1921: 148-149. Green, 1922: 402.
Charmberlin, 1923: 164. {Syn.}
Laccifer Oken, 1815: 430. Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chamberlin, 1925: 33. Kapur,
1958: 13. Misra, 1930: 161. Takahashi, 1941: 138; 1949. {Unavailable name as
per Opinion no. 417 of the I.C.Z.N.}
Lakshadia: Mahdihassan, 1923: 87, 98. {Syn.}
Karteria: Berlese, 1894: 66 {lapsus calami}
Lackshadia: Mahdihassan, 1931: 296. {lapsus calami}
Type species: Coccus lacca Kerr (monotypy). N.B. Kerria name is also given
to a monotypic genus of the plants. Kerria japonica is a well-known plant
species.
6
Subgenus (i) Kerria Targioni – Tozzetti (nominate)

Kerria (Kerria) Targinoni-Tozzetti: Varshney, 1984: 366. Kondo & Gullan, 2005:
397; 2007: 6 Ben-Dov, 2006: 260. Varshney, 2009: 6; 2014: 48. Ahmad et al.
2013a: 531.
Subgenus Kerria: Ahmad, 2013: 36.
Type species: Coccus lacca (Kerr)
Distribution: Oriental and Palaearctic Regions.
1 (a) Kerria sp.
Kerria sp.: Varshney, 1992: 26; Varshney et al., 2012: 6.

Host plants: Annona squamosa, Populus euamericana, Albizia lebbeck
and undet. plant.
Distribution: INDIA: Odisha: Bhubaneswar (Varshney & Moharana, 1987:
164); and Tamil Nadu: Jawalagiri (Varshney, 1992). Also PAKISTAN: Sind:
Hyderabad (Ghani & Muzaffar, 1974).
1. (b) Kerria sp.
Kerria sp.: Varshney, 2000: 27; 2004: 89; 2009: 6.

Host plant: Ziziphus mauritiana (Type host). It seems polyphagous
(Varshney, 2004). Distribution: INDIA: Gujarat: Dahegam (Type locality).
Dahegam is in east of Gandhi Nagar. Varshney (1976: 81) has shown the
possibility of occurrence of Kerria lacca in Gujarat.
2. Kerria (Kerria) albizziae (Green)
Tachardia albizziae Green, 1903: 98 (nomen nudum). Green, 1911: 32.

Chamberlin, 1923: 166-167.
Laccifer albizziae: Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chamberlin, 1925: 34. Kapur, 1958:
14. Ali, 1967: 40.
Lakshadia albizziae: Mahdihassan, 1923: 50.
Kerria albizziae: Varshney, 1966: 116. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60; 1969:
18. Ali, 1970: 64. Varshney, 1976: 22; 1994: 329. Mishra & Sushil, 2000:
217. Ahmad, 2013: 76, 87.
7
Kerria (Kerria) albizziae: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 71; 1993: 13; 2009: 6;
2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 261. Varshney et al., 2012: 6.
Kerria alvizziae: Varshney, 1984: 368 {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Landolphia sp. and Albizzia stipulata (Type hosts). Grren
(1922), Kapur (1958), Varshney & Teotia (1967), Varshney (1976) and Ben-
Dov (2006) have listed many other host plants. Varshney (1994) reported
that Green found it on Croton caudatum in West Bengal: Darjeeling.
Distribution: SRI LANKA (Ceylon): Peradeniya (Type locality). Also
recorded from Sri Lanka: Kandy, Watagama, Kelani Valley and Tangalla,
Anuradhapura, Kelawewa and Hambantota (Kapur, 1958; Ali, 1970). Ben-
Dov (2006) and Varshney (2009) have shown its distribution in INDIA
(Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal). Also in INDIA: Uttarakhand
(Varshney et al., 2012).
3. Kerria (Kerria) brancheata Varshney
Kerria brancheatus Varshney, 1966a: 357. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60.
Ali, 1970: 64.
Kerria brancheata Varshney, 1976: 24-25.
Kerria (Kerria) brancheata: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 71; 1993: 13; 2009:
6; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 261. Varshney et al., 2012: 7.
Kerria brancheata Group: Ahmad, 2013: 70. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Host plants: Schleichera oleosa (Type host). Varshney (1976), Sharma et
al., (1999: 115-118), Ben-Dov (2006) and Ahmad (2013) have given other
host plants.
Distribution: INDIA: Jharkhand (earlier in Bihar): Ranchi, Namkum (Type
locality). Known from India: Bihar, Jharkhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar
Pradesh (Ahmad, 2013: 70) and Chhattisgarh (Varshney et al., 2012).
4. Kerria (Kerria) chamberlini Varshney
Kerria chamberlini Varshney, 1966a: 356. Varshney, 1976: 26-28. Ali, 1970:
65.
Kerria (Kerria) chamberlini: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 71; 1993: 13. Ben-
Dov, 2006: 262. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 48. Varshney et al., 2012: 7.
Ahmad, 2013: 56.
8
Kerria chamberlini Group: Ahmad, 2013: 56, 62. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Host Plants: Ficus infectoria (Type host). Varshney (1976), Sharma et al.
(1999: 116) and Ahmad (2013: 56) have given some other host plants.
Distribution: INDIA: Rajasthan: Jodhpur (Type locality). Lines of this
species were collected from Indian states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra,
Jharkhand and West Bengal (Ahmad, 2013).
5 (a) Kerria (Kerria) chinensis chinensis (Mahdihassan)
Lakshadia chinensis Mahdihassan, 1923: 98.

Laccifer chinensis: Chamberlin, 1925: 39. Takahasti, 1949: 9, 11. Kapur,
1958: 15. Ghose, 1963: 124.
Kerria chinensis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60;
1969: 19. Ali, 1970: 64. Chen et al., 2011: 1-14.
Kerria chinensis chinensis: Varshney, 1973: 12; 1976: 28-30; 1994: 329.
Ahmad, 2013: 44.
Kerria (Kerria) chinensis chinensis: Vershney 1984: 368; 1990: 71; 1993: 13.
Ben-Dov, 2006: 262. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 48. Varshney et al., 2012: 7.
Kerria chinensis group: Ahmad, 2013: 44. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Laccifer siamensis Takahshi, 1941: 140; 1949: 10. Mahdihassan, 1952: 39.
{Syn.}
Laccifer longispina Misra, 1930: 161. Mahdihassan, 1936: 11. Kapur; 1958:
21. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60. {Syn.}
Host plants: For chinensis: Unknown; for siamensis: Schleichera sp; and
for longispina: Cajanus indicus (Type hosts). Mahdihassan (1936), Kapur
(1958), Varshney & Teotia (1967), Ali (1970), Ben-Dov (2006) and Ahmad
(2013) have mentioned many other host plants.
Distribution: For chinensis: INDIA: Assam: Nowgong and Garo hills;
for longispina: INDIA: Assam: Haflong; and for siamensis: THAILAND
(Siam): Mt. Sutep (Type localities). Also recorded from NEPAL, BHUTAN,
Eastern and North-east India, South CHINA including TIBET, MYANMAR,
THAILAND, CAMBODIA and VIETNAM. It is the main commercial species
in Thailand (Chen et al., 2011).
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5 (b). Kerria (Kerria) chinensis kydia (Misra)
Laccifer kydia Misra, 1930: 162. Kapur, 1958: 19.

Tachardia kydia: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria kydia; Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60.
Kerria chinensis kydia: Varshney, 1973: 12; 1976: 30-32; 1990: 71; 1993: 13.
Ben-Dov, 2006: 263. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 48. Varshney et al., 2012: 7.
Lakshadia chinensis: Mahdihassan, 1936: 11 {misidentification}.
Laccifer chinensis {syn. of }: Ali, 1970: 65 {misidentification}.
Host plant: Kydia calycina (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Assam: Silchar (Type locality). Varshney et al. (2012)
stated it as Assam: Cachar District. Known from original record only.
6. Kerria (Kerria) communis (Mahdihassan)
Lakshadia communis Mahdihassan, 1923: 98; 1961: 115.

Laccifer communis: Chamberlin, 1925: 38. Kapur, 1958: 16-17. Takahashi,
1949: 9, 11.
Tachardia communis: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria communis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60.
Mahdihassan, 1968: 18. Ali, 1970: 65. Mishra & Sushil, 2000: 216-217.
Kerria (Kerria) communis: Varsheny, 1984: 368; 1990: 71; 1993: 13; 2009: 7;
Kerria communis (sp. inquirenda): Varshney, 1976: 32.
Host plants: Ficus mysorensis = F. drupacea var. pubescens, F. bengalensis,
F. benjamina, F. religiosa and Abizzia lebbeck (Type hosts). Chamberlin
(1925), Kapur (1958), Ali (1970) and Ben-Dov (2006) have given some
other host plants.
Distribution: INDIA: Karnataka: Mysore, and Chennai, Mumbai and
Hyderabad (Type localities). Varshney (2009) records its range as India:
Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
with Telangana. Mahdihassan (1923) writes, “It might be the same
species which also occurs more or less rarely in INDO-CHINA and in the
PHILIPPINES”.
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7. Kerria (Kerria) dubeyi Ahmad & Ramamurthy
Kerria dubeyi Ahmad & Ramamuthy, in Ahmad et al., 2013b: 446-448.

Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Kerria (Kerria) dubeyi: Varshney, 2014: 48.
Unnamed (LIK 0008) group: Ahmad, 2013:75-76.
Host plant: Ficus bengalensis (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Karnataka: Bangalore (Type locality). Known from
original record only.
8. Kerria (Kerria) ebrachiata (Chamberlin)
Tachardia ebrachiata Chamberlin, 1923: 165, 170. Lindinger, 1933: 228.

Laccifer ebrachiatus: Cockerell, 1924: 47.
Laccifer ebrachiata: Chamberlin, 1925: 36.
Kerria ebrachiata: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60. Ali,
1970: 65.
Kerria (Kerria) ebrachiata: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 13. Ben-
Dov, 2006: 264.
Kerria ebrachiata group: Ahmad, 2013: 58. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Laccifer brachiata: Takahashi, 1949: 9 {lapsus calami}.
Kerria ebracheata: Sharma et al., 1999:116. {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: “On Manbhum” (Type host). No such plant exists. It is a
name of then a local area in India: Bihar. Chamberlin (1925) records Ficus
elastica as a subsequently designated type host plant. Also recorded on
Ziziphus jujuba (=Z. mauritiana) (Varshney, 1976) and Butea monosperma
(Ahmad, 2013).
Distribution: INDIA: Bihar, Manbhum (Type locality). Manbhum area is
presently in Indian state of Jharkhand. Chamberlin (1925) recorded this
species from India: Karnataka: Bangalore; and Varsheny et al. (2012) from
Chhattisgarh. Also recorded from PAKISTAN (Varshney, 1997).
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9 (a) Kerria (Kerria) fici fici (Green)
Tachardia fici Green 1903: 97-99; 1908: 42. Chamberlin, 1923: 168-169.
Lakshadia ficii: Mahdihassan, 1923: 57, 99.
Laccifer fici: Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chambrelin, 1925: 36. Kapur, 1958: 17.
Ghose, 1963: 125. Ali, 1967: 41.
Kerria fici: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60; 1969: 18.
Ali, 1970: 65-66.
Kerria fici fici: Varshney, 1976: 34; 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 13; 1994:
329; 1997: 28; 2005: 145; 2009: 7; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 265. Kondo &
Gullan, 2007: 5. Varshney et al., 2012: 7. Ahmad, 2013: 81.
Kerria fici group: Ahmad, 2013: 72. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Kerria ficii: Mahdihassan, 1968: 17. {Incorrect citation}.
Host plants: Ficus religiosa and F. bengalensis (Type hosts). Ali (1970:
65-66), Varshney (1976: 36), Sharma et al. (1999: 115-118) and Ben-
Dov (2006: 265) have mentioned about 10 more host plants, including
species of Ficus, Samanea, Ziziphus, Butea and Litchi.
Distribution: INDIA: Bihar: Monghyr (Munger) (Type locality). A widely
distributed species, it is reported from India (Bihar: Patna; Tamil Nadu:
Coimbatore) (Chamberlin, 1923); West Bengal (Ghose, 1963; Varsheny,
1994); Rajasthan, Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir (Mahdihassan, 1937); Uttar
Pradesh (Varshney, 1976); Madhya pradesh (Varshney et al., 2012); and
Punjab (Ahmad, 2013). Also from CHINA, THAILAND (Varshney, 1976)
and PAKISTAN (Ahmad & Ghani, 1972). Ali (1967) showed its distribution
in PHILIPPINE Islands, but later said it was a case of misidentification (Ali,
1970: 66).
9 (b) Kerria (Kerria) fici jhansiensis (Misra)
Laccifer jhansiensis Misra, 1930: 164. Takahashi, 1949: 10. Kapur, 1958: 18.
Kerria jhansiensis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly. 1968: 60. Ali,
1970: 66.
Kerria fici jhansiensis: Varshney, 1973: 12; 1976: 37-39. Ahmad, 2013: 81.
Kerria (Kerria) fici jhansiensis: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 13;
2009: 7; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 265. Varshney et al., 2012: 7.
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Tachardia jhangensis: Lindinger, 1933: 228 {lapsus calami}.

Host plants: Zizyphus jujuba (Type host) (=Ziziphus mauritiana). No other
host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Jhansi (Type locality). Varshney (1976)
gives the range as North India.
10. Kerria (Kerria) indicola (Kapur)
Laccifer indica Misra, 1930: 164 {Preoccupied}. Takahashi, 1949: 10.

Tachardia indica: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Laccifer indicola Kapur, 1958: 18. Ali, 1967: 41.
Kerria indicola: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60. Ali,
1970: 66 {Gives. ‘Kanpur’ as author; lapsus calami}. Ahmad, 2013a: 531;
2013b: 451.
Kerria (Kerria) indicola: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 13; 2009: 7;
Kerria indicola group: Ahmad, 2013: 67. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Host plants: Zizyphus jujuba (Type host) (=Ziziphus mauritiana). Also on
Peltophorum ferrugineum, Butea monosperma and Flemingia macrophylla
(Ahmad, 2013).
Distribution: INDIA: ‘Jamunia’ (Type locality). Ali (1970) thinks it is 'Jamui,
Monghyr, Bihar’. Recorded from India (Bihar) and also from (Andhra
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) (Ahmad, 2013).
11 (a) Kerria (Kerria) lacca lacca (Kerr)
Coccus gummilaccae Goeze, 1778: 342 {nomen oblitum}.

Coccus lacca Kerr, 1782: 374. Carter, 1861: 1.
Coccus ficus Fabricius, 1787: 319. {Syn.}
Chermes lacca: Roxburgh, 1789: 360.
Laccifer lacca Oken, 1815; 430. Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chamberlin, 1925: 37.
Misra, 1930: 161. Takahashi, 1941: 139; 1949: 8. Kapur, 1958: 19-21. Ali,
1967: 41.
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Carteria lacca Signoret, 1874: 101. Blanchard, 1883: 36-50 {Preoccupied}.

Tachardia lacca: Blanchard, 1886: 1. Green, 1896: 3; 1922: 408-411.
Fernald, 1903: 124. MacGillivray, 1921: 148. Chamberlin, 1923: 170-172.
Lindinger, 1933a: 39.
Kerria lacca: Targioni-Tozzetti, 1984: 410. Lindinger, 1933b: 166. Varshney,
1966: 116. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60; 1969: 19. Ali, 1970: 66-67. Chen
et al., 2011:1-14. Jena et al., 2011: 219-226. Ahmad et al., 2013a: 530;
2013b: 451.
Lakshadia indica Mahdihassan, 1923: 60, 98. Chamberlin, 1925: 37. {Syn.}.
Kerria lacca lacca: Varshney, 1973: 12; 1976: 40-43; 1994: 330. Ahmad,
2013: 50.
Kerria (Kerria) lacca lacca: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 13; 2009:
7; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 267. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5. Varsheny et al.,
2012: 7.
Kerria lacca group: Ahmad, 2013: 50. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Host Plants: Ficus religiosa, Ficus indica (=F. bengalensis), Plaso hortus
(=Butea monosperma) and Rhamnus jujuba (=Ziziphus mauritiana)
(Type hosts). A highly polyphagous species. Roonwal et al. (1958), Kapur
(1958), Varshney & Teotia (1967), Varsheny (1976), Ben-Dov (2006) etc.
have provided names of a few hundred host plants.
Mohanasundaram (1976) reported its occurrence on grape vine, and
Santharam et al. (1975) on Polyscias sp., in Tamil Nadu. Kondo & Gullan
(2007) studied material from Ficus elastica. Ahmad (2013) studied
material from Butea monosperma, Ficus religiosa, Ziziphus mauritiana,
Peltophorum ferrugineum, Albizia saman and Flemingia macrophylla.
Sharma (1991) reared it successfully on fruits of pumpkin Cucurbita
moschata.
Of the two varieties of it, ‘rangeeni’ does not occur on kusum tree
Schleichera oleosa, while ‘kusmi', prefers this plant.
Distibution: Undivided INDIA: ‘Upon the uncultivated mountains on
both sides of the Ganges‘…Dacca, … Assam’ (Type locality).
Recorded widely from INDIA, PAKISTAN, NEPAL, BANGLADESH, SRI
LANKA, MYANMAR and further eastern countries (Varshney, (1976). Also
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reported from MALAYSIA, CHINA, TAIWAN and sporadically mentioned

from far off places like AZERBAIJAN, GEORGIA and GUYANA (Ben-Dov,
2006).
11 (b). Kerria (Kerria) lacca ambigua (Misra)
Laccifer ambigua Misra, 1930: 163. Kapur, 1958: 14. Takahashi, 1949: 9.
Tachardia ambigua: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria ambigua: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60. Ali,
1970: 64.
Kerria lacca ambigua: Varshney, 1973: 12; 1976: 43-46.
Kerria (Kerria) lacca ambigua: Varshney, 1984: 368, 1990: 72; 1993: 13;
2009: 7; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 266. Varshney et al., 2012: 7.
Kerria lacca ambiqua: Varshney, 1984: 368. {lapsus calami}.
Host plant: On ‘Jheolia’ {It is a vernacular name of an unknown plant}
(Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Uttar Pradesh: Guna, Jhansi (Type locality). Varshney
(1976) gives the range as North India. Known from original record only.
11 (c). Kerria (Kerria) lacca mysorensis (Mahdihassan)
Lakshadia mysorensis Mahdihassan 1923: 98; 1950: 197.

Laccifer mysorensis: Chamberlin, 1925: 38. Kapur, 1958: 22.
Tachardia mysorensis: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria mysorensis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60;
1969: 19. Ali, 1970: 67.
Kerria lacca mysorensis: Varshney, 1973: 12; 1976: 46-48.
Kerria (Kerria) lacca mysorensis: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 13;
2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 271.
Kerria (Kerria) laca mysorensis: Varshney, 2009: 7. Varshney et al., 2012:8
{lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Shorea talura (=S. roxburghii) (Type host). Mahdihassan
(1936), Kapur (1958) and Ali (1970) have recorded some more host
plants.
15
Distribution: INDIA: Karnataka: Mysore (Type locality). Also recorded

from Karnataka: Bangalore. Varshney (1976) gives its range as south
India.
11 (d). Kerria (Kerria) lacca takahashii Varshney
Kerria lacca takahashii: Varshney, 1976: 70-72.

Kerria (Kerria) lacca takahashii: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 14;
2009: 7; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 272.
Host Plants: ‘Old lac samples of Siam lac’ (Type host). Roonwal et al.
(1958), Varshney & Teotia (1967) etc. have recorded lac host plants of
Thailand, of which most common is Samanea saman.
Distribution: THAILAND (Siam): Ching- Mai (Type locality). Known from
12. Kerria (Kerria) maduraiensis Ahmad & Ramamurthy
Kerria maduraiensis Ahmad, 2013: 80 {Unpublished}.

Kerria maduraiensis Ahmad & Ramamurthy, in Ahmad et al., 2013a: 523;
2013b: 451. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Kerria (Kerria) maduraiensis: Varshney, 2014: 48.
Host plant: Albizia saman (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Madurai (Type locality). Known from
13. Kerria (Kerria) mendingensis Zhang
Kerria (Kerria) mendingensis Zhang, Z.S., 1993: 276. Varshney, 1997: 28.
Tao, 1999: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 272. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 48.
Host plants: Ficus benjamina and Ficus lacor (Type hosts). No other host
plant known.
Distribution: CHINA: Yunnan Province: ‘Mending of Gengma- Hsien’
(Type locality). Ben- Dov (2006) recorded its distribution in ‘Palaearctic
China’. Known from original record only.
16
14. Kerria (Kerria) nagoliensis (Mahdihassan)
Lakshadia nagoliensis Mahdihassan, 1923: 61, 98; 1924: 139; 1961: 115-
126.
Laccifer nagoliensis: Chamberlin, 1925: 37. Takahashi, 1949: 10.
Kapur.1958: 22.
Tachardia nagoliensis: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria nagoliensis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60. Ali,
1970: 68. Ahmad, 2013: 86 {not included in the key}.
Kerria (Kerria) nagoliensis: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997:
28. Ben-Dov, 2006: 272. Varshney et al., 2012: 8.
Kerria nagoliensis (sp.inquirenda): Varshney, 1976: 48-49.
Host plants: Kusum, Schleichera trijuga (S. oleosa) (Type host). Ben-Dov
(2006) has shown its occurrence on Acacia, Flemingia and Ziziphus.
Distribution: Central INDIA: Raipur and Sohagpur (Type localities
designated by Varshney, 1976). India: Madhya Pradesh (Varshney et al.,
2012).
15. Kerria (Kerria) nepalensis Varshney
Kerria nepalensis Varshney, 1976: 49-51. Ahmad, 2013: 86. Ahmad et al.;
2013a: 530; 2013b: 451. Chen et al., 2011: 1-14.
Kerria (Kerria) nepalensis: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997:
28. Ben-Dov, 2006: 273. Varshney et al., 2012: 8.
Host plant: Litchi chinensis (=Nephelium litchi) (Type host). No other host
plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: North Bihar: Indo-Nepal border: Valmikinagar (Type
locality). North INDIA and NEPAL (Varshney, 1976). Also MYANMAR
(Chen et al., 2011).
16. Kerria (Kerria) pennyae Ahmad & Ramamurthy
Kerria pennyae Ahmad & Ramamurthy in Ahmad et al., 2013b: 443-446.

Kerria (Kerria) pennyae: Varshney, 2014: 48.
17
Kerria pennyiae: Ahmad et al., 2013b: 443. {lapsus calami}

Unnamed (LIK 0003) group: Ahmad, 2013: 59-61.
Host plant: Schleichera oleosa (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Odisha (Orissa): Sundargarh (Type locality). Known
from original record only.
17. Kerria (Kerria) pusana (Misra)
Laccifer pusana Misra, 1930: 161, 163. Takahashi, 1949: 9, 11. Kapur, 1958:
22-23. Ali, 1967: 42.
Tachardia pusana: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria pusana: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60,
Varshney, 1976: 51-53. Ali, 1970: 68. Chen et al., 2011: 1-14. Mishra &
Sushil, 2000: 216. Ahmad et al., 2013a: 531; 2013b: 451.
Kerria (Kerria) pusana: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 28.
Ben-Dov, 2006: 273. Varshney et al., 2012: 18.
Kerria pusana group: Ahmad, 2013: 45, 48. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Host plants: Zizyphus jujuba (=Ziziphus mauritiana) and Butea frondosa
(=B. monosperma) (Type hosts). Also on Schleichera oleosa and an undet.
host plant (Ahmad, 2013).
Distribution: East INDIA: Bihar: Dist. Darbhanga: Pusa (Type locality).
Range is India: Bihar (Misra, 1930), Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
(Ahmad, 2013). Also MYANMAR (Chen et al., 2011).
18. Kerria (Kerria) ruralis (Wang, Yao, Teui & Liang)
Laccifer ruralis Wang, Yao, Teui & Liang, 1982: 53. {Teui is written as ’Teiu'
in Ben-Dov 2006 and ‘Cui’ in Chen et al., 2011. Lapsus calami}.
Kerria ruralis: Ahmad et al., 2013a: 530. {Excluded from the key; Teui is
written as ‘Teiu’; lapsus calami}. Chen, et al., 2011: 1-14.
Kerria (Kerria) ruralis: Varshney, 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 28. Ben-Dov,
2006: 273. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 48.
Host plant: Mallotus philippinensis (Type host). No other host plant
known.
18
Distribution: CHINA: Yunnan province (Type locality). Known from

19. Kerria (Kerria) sharda Mishra & Sushil
Kerria sharda Mishra & Sushil, 2000: 217. Varshney, 2003: 22. Ahmad et
al., 2013a: 531; 2013b: 452.
Kerria (Kerria) sharda: Ben-Dov, 2006: 274. Varsheny, 2009: 7; 2014: 48.
Ahmad et al., 2013a: 519. Varshney et al., 2012: 8 {Name and author
followed by ‘rangoonensis (Chamberlin, 1925)’ is erroneous. They are
not syn.}.
Kerria sharda group: Ahmad, 2013: 73. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Kerria sharada: Auct. {lapsus calami}
Host plants: Schleichera oleos a (Type host). Also on Flemingia macrophylla
(Ahmad et al., 2013a).
Distribution: INDIA: Odisha (Orissa): Sarat (Type locality). Range understood
is Eastern India.
20. Kerria (Kerria) sindica (Mahdihassan)
Lakshadia sindica Mahdihassan, 1923: 98; 1924: 140; 1947: 332; 1957:
107-131; 1958: 107.
Laccifer sindica: Chamberlin, 1925: 37-38. Takashashi, 1949: 10-11. Kapur,
1958: 23.
Tachardia sindica: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria sindica: Varshney, 1966: 117. Mahdihassan, 1968: 17-24; 1968a:
442-454; 1972: 378. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60; 1969: 19. Ali, 1970:
68. Qadri & Mahdihassan, 1970: 231; 1981: 74-76. Qadri et al., 1970: 395-
396. Ganguly & Varshney, 1972: 405. Chen et al., 2011: 1-14. Ahmad et al.,
2013a: 519; 2013b: 451.
Kerria (Kerria) sindica: Varshney, 1984: 368; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 28;
2009: 7; 2014: 48. Ben-Dov, 2006: 274. Ahmad et al., 2013a: 519.
Lakashadia sindica: Ali, 1970: 68 {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Acacia arabica (Mahdihassan, in litt: Varshney, 1976) (Type
host). Kapur (1958) also stated it as ‘presumably’. Also recorded on
19
Albizzia lebbek, Ziziphus mauritiana (Qadri et al., 1970) and Ficus racemosa
Distribution: PAKISTAN (West Pakistan): Sind province (Type locality).
Other records: Pakistan: Karachi (Qadri et al., 1970); Miani near Hyderabad
(Varshney, 1976); and CHINA: Yunnan (Ahmad et al., 2013a).
21. Kerria (Kerria) thrissurensis Ahmad & Ramamurthy
Kerria thrissurensis Ahmad, 2013: 84 {Unpublished}.

Kerria thrissurensis Ahmad & Ramamurthy in Ahmad et al., 2013a: 526,
530; 2013b: 451. Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Kerria (Kerria) thrissurensis: Varshney, 2014: 49.
Host plant: Amherstia nobilis (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Kerala: Thrissur (Type locality). Known from original
record only.
22. Kerria (Kerria) varshneyi Ahmad & Ramamurthy
Kerria varshneyi Ahmad & Ramamurthy in Ahmad et al., 2013b: 448-451.

Ahmad et al., 2014: 2.
Kerria (Kerria) varshneyi: Varshney, 2014: 49.
Unnamed (LIK 0063) group: Ahmad, 2013: 61-62.
Host plant: Ziziphus mauritiana (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: INDIA: Punjab: Patiala (Type locality). Known from original
record only.
23. Kerria (Kerria) yunnanensis Ou & Hong
Kerria yunnanensis Ou & Hong, 1990: 15. Tao, 1999: 49. Chen et al., 2011:
1-14. Ahmad et al., 2013a: 528-530 {redescription}; 2013b: 451.
Kerria (Kerria) yunnanensis: Varshney, 1993: 14; 1997: 28; 2009: 7; 2014:
49.
Host plants: Dalbergia obtusifolia (Type host). Also Dalbergia assamica
Distribution: CHINA: Yunnan Province: Jingdong (Type locality). The
main commercial species in China (Chen et al., 2011).
20
Subgenus (ii) Chamberliniella Varshney

Subgenus Chamberlinia Varshney, 1984: 365. (Preoccupied).
Subgenus Chamberliniella Varshney, 1987: 361; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 2009: 7;
2014: 49-51.
Varshney et al., 2012: 8. Ahmad, 2013: 36.
Kerria (Chamberliniella): Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 397; 2007: 6. Ben-Dov, 2006:
257. Ahmad et al., 2013a: 531.
Subgenus Chamberliniela: Varshney, 2014: 51 key. {lapsus calami}.
Type species: Tachardia greeni Chamberlin
Distribution: Oriental and Australian Regions.
1. Kerria (Chamberliniella) greeni (Chamberlin)
Tachardia greeni Chamberlin, 1923: 168. Lindinger, 1933: 228.

Laccifer greeni: Cockerell, 1924: 47. Takahashi, 1941: 138-141. Kapur,
1958: 17-18.
Kerria greeni: Varshney, 1966: 117; 1976: 67-68. Varshney & Ganguli, 1968:
57, 59. Ali, 1970: 66.
Kerria (Chamberlinia) greeni: Varshney, 1984: 368.
Kerria (Chamberliniella) greeni: Varshney, 1987: 361; 1990: 72; 1993: 14;
1997: 28; 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 258. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5.
Tachardia fici: Morrison, 1920: 178 {Misidentification: Varshney, 1976:
67}.
Host plants: Ficus ulmifolia (Type host). Kapur (1958), Varshney & Teotia
(1967), Varshney (1976) and Ben-Dov (2006) have reported many other
host plants. Ali (1970) has reported its occurrence on Mangifera indica
after Takahashi (1941).
Distribution: PHILIPPINES: Los Banos (Type locality). Reported sparsely
in the Oriental Region, from Philippine Islands: Manila, Luzon; TAIWAN
and THAILAND (Takahashi, 1929, 1941).
21
2. Kerria (Chamberliniella) javana (Chamberlin)
Laccifer javanus Chamberlin, 1925: 34. Kapur, 1958: 18. Varshney & Teotia,
1967: 499-503.
Kerria javanus: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney & Ganguly, 1969: 20. Ali,
1970: 66.
Kerria javana: Varshney, 1976: 68-70. Ahmad, 2013: 77, 89. Ahmad et al.,
2013a: 531; 2013b: 452.
Kerria (Chamberlinia) javana: Varshney, 1984: 369.
Kerria (Chamberliniella) javana: Varshney, 1987: 361; 1990: 72; 1993: 14;
1997: 28. Ben-Dov, 2006: 258. Varshney, 2009: 7; 1914: 49.
Tachardia iavana: Lindinger, 1933: 228 {lapsus calami}.
Tachardia iabana: Ben-Dov, 2006: 258 (nec Lindinger) {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Ficus sp. (Type host). Also reported on Hevea brasiliensis,
Macaranga megalophylla, M. populifolia, Mallotus cochinchinensis, Ficus
polysyce and Durio zibethinus (Varshney, 1976).
Distribution: INDONESIA: Java: Buitenzorg. (Type locality). Other record:
MALAYSIA: Bukit Badang forest (Miller, 1933).
3. Kerria (Chamberliniella) manipurensis Ahmad & Ramamurthy
Kerria manipurensis Ahmad, 2013: 76 {unpublished}.

Kerria manipurensis Ahmad & Ramamurthy in Ahmad et al., 2013a: 520-
523, 531. Ahmad et al., 2013b: 452; 2014: 2.
Kerria (Chamberliniella) manipurensis: Varshney, 2014: 49, 51. [New
Comb.]
Host plant: Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Type host). No other host plant
known.
Distribution: INDIA: Manipur: Churachandpur (Type locality). Known
4. Kerria (Chamberliniella) meridionalis (Chamberlin)
Tachardia meridionalis Chamberlin, 1923: 167. Lindinger, 1933: 228.
22
Laccifer meridionalis: Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chamberlin, 1925: 34. Takahashi,

1949: 8. Kapur, 1958: 21-22.
Kerria meridionalis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Ahmad et al., 2013a: 531; 2013b:
452.
Kerria (Chamberlinia) meridionalis: Varshney, 1984: 369.
Kerria (Chamberliniella) meridionalis: Varshney, 1987: 361; 1990: 72; 1993:
14; 1997: 28; 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 259. Kondo & Gullan,
2007: 5.
N.B. Ahmad et al. (2013a) have shown ‘Chamberlin, 1925’ as its author,
which is error for Chamberlin, 1923.
Host plant: Unknown.
Distribution: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales?, Victoria? (Type localities).
Known from original record only.
5. Kerria (Chamberliniella) rangoonensis (Chamberlin)
Laccifer rangoonensis Chamberlin, 1925: 35. Takahashi, 1949: 9. Kapur,

1958: 23.
Tachardia rangoonensis: Lindinger, 1933: 228.
Kerria rangoonenensis: Varshney, 1966: 117. Varshney, 1976: 53-54.
Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 57. Ahmad, 2013: 89. Ahmad et al., 2013a:
531; 2013b: 452.
Kerria (Chamberlinia) rangoonensis: Varshney, 1984: 369.
Kerria (Chamberliniella) rangoonensis: Varshney, 1987: 361; 1990: 72;
1993: 14; 1997: 28. Ben-Dov, 2006: 259. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49.
Varshney et al., 2012: 8.
‘Syn. of Lakshadia chinensis’: Mahdihassan, 1948: 162.
‘Syn. of Kerria chinensis’: Ali, 1970: 64-65.
Kerria rangooniensis: Mahdihassan, 1968: 18. {lapsus calami}
Host plants: Quisqualis sp. (Type host). Also recorded on Casuarina sp.
and Thea chinensis (Varshney, 1976).
23
Distribution: MYANMAR (Burma): Rangoon (=Yangoon) (Type locality).

Other records: INDONESIA: Sumatra (Green, 1930); and Northeast INDIA:
Assam: Tocklai: Cinnamara (Varshney, 1976).
Genus II. Metatachardia Chamberlin

Tachardia (Metatachardia) Chamberlin, 1923: 172.
Metatachardia Chamberlin, 1925: 39. Takahashi, 1949: 10-11. Lindinger,
1937: 190. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur, 1958: 23-24. Varshney & Ganguly,
1968: 57-58. Ali, 1970: 68. Varsheny, 1976: 15, 75; 1984: 366-383; 1990: 72;
1993: 14; 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Zhang, 1993: 273-286; 1992: 383-385. Sharma
& Ramani, 1999: 440. Tao, 1999: 49. Mishra & Sushil, 2000: 216. Kondo &
Gullan, 2005: 403; 2007: 6. Ben-Dov, 2006: 275.
Metacardia: Ayyar, 1926: 451 {lapsus calami}.
Type species: Tachardia conchiferata Green
Distribution: Oriental and East Palaearctic Regions.
1. Metatachardia conchiferata (Green)
Tachardia conchiferata Green, 1922: 402, 407-408.

Tachardia (Metatachardia) conchiferata: Chamberlin, 1923: 172.
Lakshadia conchiferata: Mahdihassan, 1923: 49, 53.
Laccifer conchiferatus: Cockerell, 1924: 47.
Metatachardia conchiferata: Chamberlin, 1925: 39. Green, 1937: 297.
Takahashi, 1949: 10. Kapur, 1958: 23-24. Varshney & Ganguly, 1969: 20.
Ali, 1970: 68. Varshney, 1976: 75-78 (redescription); 1984: 369; 1990:
72; 1993: 14; 1997: 28. Ben-Dov, 2006: 275. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5.
Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Annona palustris (Type host). Also recorded on Mimosa sp.,
Excoercaria agallocha, Croton lacciferum (Green, 1922).
Distribution: SRI LANKA (Ceylon): Kandy, Matale, Jaffna and Tangalla
(Type localities). Type slides are of the material from Kandy.
2. Metatachardia fukienensis Zhang
Metatachardia fukienensis Zhang, 1993: 274-276, 282-283. Varshney,

1997: 28; 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Tao, 1999: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 275.
24
Host plants: Litchi chinensis and Mallotus philippinensis (Type hosts). No

other host plant known.
Distribution: CHINA: Fukien (Fujian) Province: Nanching (Type locality).
3. Metatachardia hunanensis Zhang
Metatachardia hunanensis Zhang, 1993: 274, 280-281. Tao, 1999: 49.

Varshney, 1997: 28; 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 276.
Host plant: Mallotus philippinensis (Type host). No other host plant
known.
Distribution: CHINA: Hunan Province: Kiangin Hsien (Type locality).
Known from Original record only.
4. Metatachardia myrica Tang
Metatachardia myrica Tang, 1974: 207 (205-209). Varshney, 1990: 72;

1993: 14; 1997: 28. Tao, 1999: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 276. Varshney, 2009: 7;
2014: 49.
Host plant: Myrica sp. (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: CHINA: Chekiang (=Zhejiang) Province (Type locality).
5. Metatachardia sinensis Zhang
Metatachardia sinensis Zhang, 1993: 273, 278-279. Varshney, 1997: 28.

Tao, 1999: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 276-277. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Ficus benjamina, Eriolaena malvacea and Dalbergia sp. (Type
hosts).
Distribution: CHINA: Yunnan Province: Changyan hsien (Type locality).
6. Metatachardia yunnanensis Zhang
Metatachardia yunnanensis Zhang, 1992: 383-385. Tao, 1999: 49.

Varshney, 1993: 14 ‘nom. nudum’; 1997: 28. Ben-Dov, 2006: 277. Varshney,
2009: 7; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Ficus benjamina, Eriolaena malvacea and Dalbergia sp. (Type
hosts).
25

Subtribe TACHARDIELLINA
Tachardielli Chamberlin, 1925. Varshney, 1990: 72; 1993: 14, 1997: 28; 2009: 7.
Tachardiellina: Williams, 1969.
Tachardielliti: Varshney, 2014: 49, 50.
Genus III. Tachardiella Cockerell

Tachardiella Cockerell, 1901: 249. Fernald, 1903: 123. MacGillivray, 1921: 153.
N.B. Ben-Dov (2006) has erroneously given the year of Cockerell’s ‘1901’
paper as ‘19011’ at many places. Kapur (1958) has erroneously given year
of Fernald’s publication for Tachardiella as ‘1901’ instead of 1903. Both
citations are lapsus calami.
Tachardiella (Tachardiella): Chamberlin, 1923: 174-176.
Tachardiella: Chamberlin, 1925: 139. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Ferris, 1955: 220.
Kapur, 1958: 24. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 58. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1984:
366; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 28. Zhang, 1992: 386-397. Kondo & Gullan,
2005: 403; 2007: 6. Ben-Dov, 2006: 282. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49.
Type species: Tachardia cornuta Cockerell
Distribution: Nearctic and Neotropical Regions.
1. Tachardiella argentina (Dominguez)
Tachardia argentina Dominguez, 1906: 219; 1907: 14.

Tachardiella argentina: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1990:
72; 1993: 14; 1997: 28. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439. Ben-Dov, 2006: 283.
Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kando & Gullan, 2011: 345 (redescription).
Tachardiella {?} argentina: Chamberlin, 1923: 194; 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 24.
Host plant: Tusca tree Acacia cavenia (Type host). No other host plant
known.
Distribution: ARGENTINA: Cordoba Province: surroundings of Totoral
(Type locality). Known from original record only.
26
2. Tachardiella artocarpi (Hempel)
Tachardia artocarpi Hempel, 1921: 145.
Tachardiella artocarpi: Chamberlin, 1923: 194. Kapur, 1958: 24. Varshney,

1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439. Ben-Dov, 2006:
283. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
Tachardiella artocarpy: Varshney, 1976: 16 {lapsus calami}.

Host plants: Cashew or Cajueiro Anacardium occidentale, Terminalia
catappa, jak or jaqueira Artocarpus sp. (Type hosts). Artocarpus
heterophyllus (Ben-Dov, 2006).
Distribution: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Type locality). Known from original
record only.
3. Tachardiella condaliae (Leonardi)
Tachardia cordaliae Leonardi, 1911: 258.

Tachardiella cordaliae: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Chamberlin, 1923: 187,
194; 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 25. Varshney, 1976: 16 ‘No.3’ {lapsus calami}.
Ben-Dov, 2006: 283.
Tachardiella condaliae: Lizer Y-Trelles, 1939: 184 (emend.). Varshney, 1976:
16 foot note. Varshney. 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani,
1999: 439. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2010: 118-119 (note on name change and
fig.); 2014: 49.
N.B. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature verified the
original reference and approved the correction in name to condaliae,
Under Article 37a (ii): (Varshney, 1976).
Host plant: Cordalia lineata (=Condalia lineata: Lizer Y Trelles, 1939). No
Distribution: ARGENTINA: Raccolto a Cacheuta (Type locality). Known
4. Tachardiella cornuta (Cockerell)
Tachardia cornuta Cockerell, 1894: 284, 344. Fernald, 1903: 123.

Tachardia (Tachardiella) cornuta: Cockerell, 1901: 249. Chamberlin, 1923:
182.
27
Tachardiella cornuta: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Chamberlin, 1925: 39.

Ferris, 1955: 221. Kapur, 1958: 25. Varshney, 1976: 16, 1990:72; 1993: 14;
1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439. Ben-Dov, 2006: 284. Varshney,
2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
Tacharia cornuta: Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 56. {lapsus calami}.
Host plant: Parthenium incanum (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: U.S.A.: New Mexico: Little Mountain, Mesilla Valley (Type
cocality). Also from U.S.A.: Texas: Chisos Mountains; and El Paso: Mount
Franklin (Chamberlin, 1923). MEXICO: Chihuahua (Cockerell, 1902).
5. Tachardiella ferrisi Chamberlin
Tachardiella (Tachardiella) ferrisi Chamberlin, 1923: 183.

Tachardiella ferrisi: Ferris, 1955: 221. Kapur, 1958: 26. Varshney, 1976: 16;
1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 284. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014:
49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367 (lectotypc designated).
Host Plant: Acacia flexicaulis (=Pithecolobium flexicaulis) (Type host). No
Distribution: MEXICO: Lower California: La Paz; San Pedro: San Bartolome
(Type localities). Mexico: Baja California (Chamberlin, 1923).
6. Tachardiella fulgens (Cockerell)
Tachardia fulgens Cockerell, 1895 (suppl.1): 1. Fernald, 1903: 124.

Williamas, 1985: 230.
Tachardiella (Tachardeilla) fulgens: Chamlerlin, 1923: 183.
Tachardiella fulgens: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Ferris, 1955: 221. Kapur,
1958: 25-26. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov,
2006: 284. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
Host plants: Sesbania sp. (Type host). However, Chamberlin (1923) States,
“It is possible that the type host is Coursetia axillaris instead of Sesbania
as doubtfully recorded by Cockerell”. Chamberlin records Coursetia
axillaris and C. glondulosa as hosts.
Distribution: U.S.A.: Arizona (Type locality). Also recorded from U.S.A.:
Tucson and MEXICO: Sonora and Huasihuas (Chamberlin, 1923).
28
7. Tachardiella glomerella (Cockerell)
Tachardia glomerella Cockerell, 1905: 52.

Tachardiella (Tachardiella) glomerella: Chamberlin, 1923: 180.
Tachardiella glomerella: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Kapur, 1958: 26. McCabe
& Johnson, 1980: 8. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29;
2009: 7; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 285. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
Tachardiella glomerella f. baccharidis Chamberlin, 1923: 181. Ferris, 1955:
219. Kapur, 1958: 26 (‘var’). Varshney & Ganguli, 1968: 59. {Syn.}.
Host plants: Sage bush Gutierrezia glomerella (Type host). Baccharis sp.
for baccharidis.
Distribution: U.S.A. : New Mexico: near Little Mountain: Mesilla Valley
(Type locality). U.S.A.: Texas: Falfurias; Sheffield, Near Pecos River; and
California: Whittier (Chamberlin, 1923). U.S.A.: Texas: Tornillo Creek,
Between Marathon and Glenn springs; and near Point Isabel (Type
locality for baccharidis).
8. Tachardiella ingae (Hempel)
Tachardia ingae Hempel, 1900: 415. Fernald, 1903: 124.

Tachardiella (Tachardiella) ingae: Chamberlin 1923: 176.
Tachardiella ingae: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Kapur, 1958: 26-27. Varshney,
1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 285. Varshney,
2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011:345-367.
Host plant: Inga sp. (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Type locality). Brazil: Near River Moggy-
Guassu (Ben-Dov, 2006). Known from original record only.
9. Tachardiella larreae (Comstock)
Carteria larreae Comstock, 1882: 211.

Tachardia larreae: Fernald, 1903: 125. Ferris, 1919: 330-333.
Tachardiella larreae: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Chamberlin 1925: 39. Kapur,
1958: 27. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 285-286.
Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
29
Tachardiella (Tachardiella) larreae: Chamberlin, 1923: 177.

Lakshadia larreae: Mahdihassan, 1923: 53, 99.
Tachardiella larrea: Colton, 1943: 21; 1944: 1-24. (lapsus calami, vide
Varshney, 1963: 195-197).
Tachardiella larreae f. californica Chamberlin, 1923: 179. Ferris, 1955: 223.
Kapur, 1958: 27 ('var’}. Varshney & Ganguli, 1968: 59. {Syn.}
Tachardeilla larreae californica: Ben-Dov, 2006: 285 nec Kapur, 1958 {Syn}.
Host plants: Larrea sp. (Cockerell, 1893). Covillea glutinosa (=Larrea
mexicana) (Type host). Peucephyllum schottii (Type host of californica).
Distribution: U.S.A.: Southwestern portion; and MEXICO (Type localityes).
U.S.A.: Arizona, California and South Nevada. Mexico: Sonora. U.S.A.:
California: Shaver’s well, near Mecca (Type locality for californica).
10. Tachardiella lycii (Leonardi)
Tachardia lycii Leonardi, 1911: 256. Sasscer, 1912: 87.

Tachardiella (Tachardiella) lycii: Chamberlin. 1923: 186.
Tachardiella lycii: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Kapur, 1958: 27-28. Varshney,
1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29; 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006:
286. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
Host plant: Lycium chilense (Type host). No. Other host plant recorded.
Distribution: ARGENTINA: Cacheuta (Type locality). Argentina: Mendoza
(Kapur, 1958).
11. Tachardiella mexicana (Comstock)
Carteria mexicana Comstock, 1882: 212.

Tachardia mexicana: Fernald, 1903: 126.
Tachardiella (Tachardiella) mexicana: Chamberlin, 1923: 185.
Tachardiella mexicana: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Chamberlin, 1925: 40.
Ferris, 1955: 223. Kapur, 1958: 28. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993:
14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 286. Varshney, 2009: 7; 2014: 49. Kondo &
Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
30
Tachardia fulvoradiata Cockerell, 1898: 431. Chamberlin, 1923: 189.

{Syn.}.
Tachardiella (Tachardiella) texana Chamberlin, 1923: 186; 1925: 40 {Syn.}.
Host plants: Mimosa sp. (Type host). Also on Acacia sp. and A. flexicaulis.
‘Palo de Gusano’ (Type host for fulvoradiata); Acacia sp. (Type host for
texana).
Distribution: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, Tampico (Type locality). Also Mexico:
Oaxaca, and Carborel, Near Frontere. U.S.A.: Texas: Carrizo springs,
Atosca County, Jordanton, and Brownsville (Kapur, 1958).
12. Tachardiella nigra Fonseca
Tachardiella nigra Fonseca, 1975: 81-83. Varshney, 1990: 72; 1993: 14;
1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 287.Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kondo &
Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
Host plant: ‘On plant of Myrtaceae’ (Type host). No other host plant
recorded.
Distribution: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo State: in a park at Morumbi (Type
locality). Known from original record only.
13. Tachardiella palobrea Kondo & Gullan
Tachardiella palobrea Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367. Varshney, 2014: 49.
Host plant: on ‘brea’ Parkinsonia praecox (also called Cercidium praecox
and Spanish for tree ‘palo’ (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: ARGENTINA: Salta Province: Ruta 68, Quebrada de Cafayate
14. Tachardiella parva (Hempel)
Tachardia parva Hempel, 1900: 413-414; 1901: 122-123. Fernald, 1903:

126.
Tachardiella (Tachardiella) parva: Chamberlin, 1923: 184.
Tachardiella parva: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Kapur, 1958: 28-29. Varshney,
1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 287. Varshney,
2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
31
Host plant: ‘On a tree of Myrtaceae’ (Type host). No other host plant
known.
Distribution: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo State: Cochoeira and Ypiranga (Type
localities). Known from original record only.
15. Tachardiella pustulata (Cockerell)
Tachardia pustulata Cockerell, 1895: 2. Fernald, 1903: 126.

Tachardiella (Tachardiella) pustulata: Chamberlin, 1923: 179-180.
Tachardiella pustulata: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Ferris, 1955: 223. Kapur,
1958: 29. Varshney, 1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben- Dov,
2006: 287-288. Varshney, 2009: 8, 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-
367.
Host Plants: ‘On a small perennial Compositae’ (Type host). Baccharis sp;
and Bigelovia brachylepis (Kapur, 1958).
Distribution: U.S.A.: Arizona: near Phoenix (Type locality). U.S.A.:
California: Los Angeles (Chamberlin, 1923).
16. Tachardiella resinata (Kiefer & Herbst)
Lecanium resinatum Kiefer & Herbst, 1909: 122.

Cocus resinatum: Ben-Dov, 1993: 88.
Coccus resinatus: Williams & Ben-Dov, 2009: 41.
Tachardiella resinata: Kondo & Gullan, 2010: 2-3. {Change of family and
new comb.}. Varshney, 2010: 118; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-
367.
Host plant: Baccharis rosmarinifolia (=B. linearis) (Type host). No other
host plant recorded.
Distribution: CHILE: Concepcion (Type locality). Known from original
record only.
Genus IV. Austrotachardiella Chamberlin

Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) Chamberlin, 1923: 187-188.
Austrotachardiella: Chamberlin, 1925. Ferris, 1955: 220. Kapur, 1958: 29.
32
Varshney, 1976: 16; 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani, 1999:
439. Ben-Dov, 2006: 254. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2005:
395-401 {Ben-Dov (2006) show page nos. as ‘401-408’ of this paper; lapsus
calami}. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 6; 2010: 2-3.
Type species: Tachardia rotundata Cockerell & Cockerell.
Distribution: Neotropical Region.
1. Austrotachardiella bodkini (Newstead)
Tachardia bodkini Newstead, 1917: 18-19.

Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) bodkini: Chamberlin, 1923: 189.
Austrotachardiella bodkini: Kapur, 1958: 29. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990:
73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Matile-Ferrero & Couturier, 1993: 448. Sharma
& Ramani, 1999: 419. Ben-Dov, 2006: 254. Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 399.
Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Sapium jenmanii (Type host). Also on Ficus religiosa (Ben-
Dov, 2006).
Distribution: BRITISH GUIANA: Georgetown: near Repos (Type locality).
Earlier called Guyana (Chamberlin, 1923).
2. Austrotachardiella colombiana Kondo & Gullan
Austrotachardiella colombiana Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 399. Ben-Dov,

2006: 255. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Host plants: On stems of Psidium guajava; local name ‘guayaba pera’
(Type host). On two local cultivars of guava (Ben- Dov, 2006).
Distribution: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Santander de Quilichao (Type locality).
3. Austrotachardiella cydoniae (Hempel)
Tachardia cydoniae Hempel, 1900: 410. Fernald, 1903: 124,126.

Tachardiella cydoniae: MacGillivray, 1921: 154.
Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) cydoniae: Chamberlin, 1923: 193.
Austrotachardiella cydoniae: Kapur, 1958: 30. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990:
33
73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439. Kondo & Gullan,
2005: 399. Ben-Dov, 2006: 255. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Tachardia rosae Hempel, 1900: 414. Chamberlin, 1923: 193-194. {Syn.}
Tachardia caerulea Hempel, 1904: 314. Chamberlin, 1923: 193-194. {Syn.}.
Tachardia resae: Varshney, 1976: 17. {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: On cultivated quince Cydonia sp. (Type host). Also on

cultivated rose Rosa sp. (for rosae) and arbusto Silvestre (for caerulea).
Distribution: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo (Type locality). Also Brazil: Rio de Janeiro:
Mana, for caerulea. Known from original record only.
4. Austrotachardiella gemmifera (Cockerell)
Tachardia gemmifera Cockerell, 1893: 181. Fernald, 1903: 124.

Tachardiella gemmifera: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Ferris, 1955: 220.
Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) gemmifera: Chamberlin, 1923: 191.
Austrotachardiella gemmifera: Kapur, 1958: 30. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990:
73; 1993: 14; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Williams, 1985: 231. Sharma & Ramani,
1999: 439. Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 399. Ben-Dov, 2006: 255-256.
Austrotachardiella gemmiferra: Varshney, 1997:29. {lapsus calami}.
Host plant: Chrysobalanus icaco (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: JAMAICA: Kingston (Type locality). Jamaica, West Indies
(Kapur, 1958). It destroys Chrysobalanus trees in Kingston: Jamaica
affecting economy (Cockerell, 1914).
5. Austrotachardiella nigra (Townsend & Cockerell)
Tachardia nigra Townsend & Cockerell, 1898: 172. Fernald, 1903: 126.
Tachardiella nigra: MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Ferris, 1955: 220.
Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) nigra: Chamberlin, 1923: 192.
Austrotachardiella nigra: Kapur, 1958: 30. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990: 73;
1993: 14; 1997: 29. Williams, 1985: 231. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439.
Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 399. Ben-Dov, 2006: 256. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014:
49.
34
Host plants: Acacia sp. (Type host). Also on ‘tree with umbrella-like
leaves’ (Kapur, 1958).
Distribution: MEXICO: State of Vera Cruz: Orizaba (Type locality). Also
Mexico: State of Jalisco: Tonila (Kondo & Gullan, 2005).
6. Austrotachardiella ourinhensis (Hempel)
Tachardiella ourinhensis Hempel, 1937: 8. Kapur, 1958: 28. Varshney,

1976: 16; 1990: 72; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Ben-Dov, 2006: 287. Varshney,
2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 345-367.
N.B. Matile-Ferrero & Couturier (1993: 448) have suggested that this
species belongs to Austrotachardiella.
Host plants: 'On Myrtaceae’ (Type host). ‘Cultivated Myrtaceae’ (Kapur,
1958). No specific host plant known.
Distribution: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo State: Ourinhos (Type locality). Known
7. Austrotachardiella rotundata Cockerell & Cockerell
Tachardia rotundata Cockerell & Cockerell in Cockerell, 1903: 165.

Fernald, 1903: 126.
Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) rotundata: Chamberlin, 1923: 188-189.
Tachardiella rotundata: MacGillivray, 1921: 126. Ferris, 1955: 220.
Austrotachardiella rotundata: Kapur, 1958: 31. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990:
73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439. Kondo & Gullan,
2005: 396, 399. Ben-Dov, 2006: 256. Varshney, 2009: 8, 2014: 49.
N.B. The authorship of this species requires investigation. While Kapur
(1958) has shown ‘Cockerell’ as its sole author, Ben-Dov (2006) has shown
‘Cockerell & Cockerell in Cockerell’ as its author. Cockerell published two
papers in 1903, (i) in Canad. Ent. 35: 64-66; and (ii) in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7)7: 155-165. Kapur (1958) believed that this species was described in
first paper (on p. 65), to which Varshney (1976) and Sharma & Ramani
(1999) followed, whereas Ben-Dov (2006) thought that this species was
described in second paper (on p. 165) to which Kondo & Gullan (2005)
and Varshney (2009, 2014) have followed.
Host plants: ‘Zicna’ and ‘Guasima’ (Type hosts).? Guazuma sp. (Kapur
1958).
35
Distribution: MEXICO: State of Jalisco: El Platanas (Type Locality). Known

8. Austrotachardiella rubra (Hempel)
Tachardia rubra Hempel, 1900: 411. Fernald, 1903: 126 {Not ‘Fernland’ as
given in Kapur, 1958. lapsus calami}.
Tachardiella rubra: MacGillivray, 1921: 154.
Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) rubra: Chamberlin, 1923: 192.
Austrotachardiella rubra: Kapur, 1958: 31. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990: 73;
1993: 14; 1997: 29. Sharma & Ramani. 1999: 439. Kondo & Gullan, 2005:
396, 399. Ben-Dov, 2006: 257. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Croton sp. and Cydonia sp. (Type hosts). No other host plant
recorded.
Distribution: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo: Cachoeira, and Santa Barbara (Type
9. Austrotachardiella sexcordata Matile-Ferrero
Austrotachardiella sexcordata Matile-Ferrero in Matile-Ferrero &

Couturier, 1993: 445. Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 397, 399-400. Ben-Dov,
2006: 257. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Host Plant: Myrciaria dubia (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: PERU: Loreto: Jenaro Herrera, HAP Plantation (Type locality).
10. Austrotachardiella trilobata (Mendes)
Tachardiella (Austrotachardiella) trilobata Mendes, 1936: 374-376.

Tachardiella trilobata: Kapur, 1958: 29.
Austrotachardiella trilobata: Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990: 73; 1993: 14.
Matile-Ferrero & Couturier, 1993: 448. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 439.
Varshney, 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 396, 399.
Ben-Dov, 2006: 257.
N.B. Ben-Dov (2006) is incorrect to suggest that Matile-Ferrero &
Couturier (1993) have made first the change of combination of this
36
species. It was Varshney who gave the reason and stated clearly, “it is
cited in Austrotachardiella for the first time here” (Varshney, 1976: 17
foot-note).
Host plant: ‘On a plant of Myrtaceae’ (Type host). No other and specific
host plant known.
Distribution: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro (Type locality). Known from original
record only.
Tribe AUSTROTACHARDIINI
Austrotachardiini Chamberlin, 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 31. Varshney, 1976: 14;
1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Supergeneric Group of Austrotachardia: Chamberlin, 1923: 194.
Austrotachardinina Balchowsky, 1950: 8.
Genus V. Austrotachardia Chamberlin
Austrotachardia Chamberlin, 1923: 194-195; 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 31.
Varshney, 1976: 14; 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29. Zhang, 1992: 386-387.
Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 438. Varsheny, 1984: 366; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kondo
& Gullan, 2005: 397; 2007: 6. Ben-Dov, 2006: 252.
Type species: Tachardia angulata Froggatt
Distribution: Australian (Austrolasian) Region.
1. Austrotachardia acaciae (Maskell)
Carteria acaciae Maskell, 1891: 56.

Tachardia acaciae: Fernald, 1903: 123.
Austrotachardia acaciae: Chamberlin, 1923: 198. Kapur, 1958: 31-32.
Varshney, 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Sharma &
Ramani, 1999: 438. Ben-Dov, 2006: 252.
Austrotachardia acacies: Varshney, 1976: 14 {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Acacia sp. (Type host). Also on Acacia acuminata (=A.
doratoxylin) and Hakea sp. Acacia greggii in Fernald (1903) is wrongly
mentioned as host (Kapur, 1958).
37
Distribution: AUSTRALIA: Central Australia (Type locality). Australia: New

South Wales (Chamberlin, 1923). South Australia: Roxby Downs (Kondo
& Gullan, 2007: 5).
2. Austrotachardia angulata (Froggatt)
Tachardia angulata Froggatt, 1911: 154.

Austrotachardia angulata: Chamberlin, 1923: 197. Kapur, 1958: 32.
438. Ben-Dov, 2006: 252-253.
Host plants: Quince tree Cydonia sp. (Type Host). Cydonia oblonga (Ben-
Dov, 2006).
Distribution: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Eden and Milton (Type
localities). Also New South Wales: Lismore (Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5)
3. Austrotachardia australis (Froggatt)
Tachardia australis Froggatt, 1899: 1160. Fernald, 1903: 123.

Austrotachardia australis: Chamberlin, 1923: 195. Kapur, 1958: 32.
438. Ben-Dov, 2006: 253. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Beyria viscosa (Type host). Also on Melaleuca sp. (Ben-Dov,
2006).
Distribution: AUSTRALIA: Queensland (Type locality). New South Wales:
near Narrabi; Queensland: Near Bundaberg (Ben-Dov, 2006).
4. Austrotachardia convexa (Fuller)
Tachardia convexa Fuller, 1899: 457. Fernald, 1903: 123.
Austrotachardia (?) convexa: Chamberlin, 1923: 198-199. Kapur, 1958: 32.
Austrotachardia convexa: Varshney, 1976: 14; 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997:
29. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 438. Ben-Dov, 2006: 253, Varshney, 2009: 8;
2014: 49.
Host plant: Hypocalymma sp. (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: near Swan River (Type

38
5. Austrotachardia melaleuca (Maskell)
Carteria melaleucae Maskell, 1891: 54.

Tachardia melaleucae: Fernald, 1903: 125.
Austrotachardia melaleucae: Chamberlin, 1923: 196-197. Kapur, 1958: 33.
438. Ben-Dov, 2006: 254.Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Austrotachardia melaleuca: Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5.
Host plants: Melaleuca uncinata, M. pustulata, Eucalyptus sp. and Aster
axillaris (Olearia axillaris) (Type hosts). Also on Leptospermum sp., L.
flavescens, L. laevigatum, Kunzea sp., Melaleuca sp. (Maskell, 1892;
Chamberlin, 1923).
Distribution: AUSTRALIA (Type locality). Australia: New South Wales,
Victoria and Western Australia (Ben-Dov, 2006). New South Wales: Castle
Hill; and W. Australia: Perth (Kapur, 1958). New South Wales: Casino
(Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
Subfamily TACHARDININAE
Tachardininae Chamberlin, 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 33. Varshney, 1968: 489;
1976: 17; 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1985: 16. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 58. Ali,
1970: 68. Varshney, 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Varshney et al., 2012: 8.
Type genus: Tachardina Cockerell
Tribe TACHARDININI
Tachardinini: Chamberlin, 1923: 199; 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 33. Ali, 1970: 68.
Varshney, 2014: 49.
Genus VI. Afrotachardina Chamberlin

Tachardina (Afrotachardina): Chamberlin, 1923: 201.
Afrotachardina Chamberlin, 1925: 40. Takahashi, 1949: 8. Balachowsky,
1950: 8. Kapur, 1958: 33. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 440. Varshney, 1976: 17;
1984: 366; 1990: 74; 1993: 15; 1997: 30. Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 397. Ben-Dov,
2006: 250. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Type species: Tachardia longisetosa Newstead
Distribution: Ethiopian (Afrotropical) Region.
39
1. Afrotachardina brachysetosa (Chamberlin)
Tachardina (Afrotachardina) brachysetosa Chamberlin, 1923: 203-204.

Afrotachardina brachysetosa: Chamberlin, 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 33.
Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 440. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990: 74; 1993: 15. Ben-
Dov, 2006: 250.
Afrotachardina brachysetsa: Varshney, 1997: 30 {lapsus calami}.
Host plant: Annona muricata (Type hsot). No other host plant known.
Distribution: UGANDA: Entebbe (Type locality). Known from original
record only.
2. Afrotachardina longisetosa (Newstead)
Tachardia longisetosa Newstead, 1911: 102.

N.B. Kapur (1958) has shown erroneously that Newstead proposed it in
Tachardina. {lapsus calami}
Tachardina (Afrotachardina) longisetosa: Chamberlin, 1923: 201, 203.
Afrotachardina longisetosa: Chamberlin, 1925: 40. Kapur, 1958: 34.
Varsheny, 1976: 17; 1990: 74; 1993:15; 1997: 30. Sharma & Ramani, 1999:
440. Ben-Dov 2006: 251. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
Host plants: Bark cloth tree Ficus sp. (Type host). Also recorded on Ficus
sycomorus, F. thonningii, Psidium guajava and Annona muricata (Ben-
Dov, 2006).
Distribution: UGANDA: Entebbe (Type locality). Also recorded from
ANGOLA (de Almeida, 1969: 130-132).
Genus VII. Tachardina Cockerell

Tachardina (Tachardina) Chamberlin, 1923: 201, 204.
Tachardina Cockerell, 1901: 249. {Year given as ‘19011’ in Ben-Dov, 2006;
lapsus calami}. Brain, 1920: 122-123. MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Chamberlin,
1925: 40. Hall, 1935: 475-477. Balachowsky, 1950: 7-12. Kapur, 1958: 8, 34.
Munting, 1966: 121-122. Ali, 1970: 69. Varshney, 1970: i-vi, 1976: 78; 1990:
73; 1993: 14; 1984: 366, 370. Zhang, 1992: 386-387. Kondo & Gullan, 2005:
403; 2007: 6. Varshney, 1997: 29-30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49-50. Sharma & Ramani,
1999: 441.
40
Type species: Tachardia albida Cockerell

Distribution: Ethiopian (Afrotropical) Region and Oriental Region.
1. Tachardina sp.
Tachardina sp. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5. Varshney, 2009: 8.

Host plant: Felicia filifolia (Type host).
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: ca. 20 km south of Whittlesea,
roadside, 1220 m (Type locality).
2. Tachardina actinella (Cockerell & King)
Tachardia actinella Cockerell & King, 1901: 342. Brain, 1920: 123-124.
Fernald, 1903: 123.
Tachardina (Tachardina) actinella: Chamberlin, 1923: 207-208.
Tachardina actinella: Hall, 1935: 478-479. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur,
1958: 34. Varshney, 1976: 17; 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014:
49. Williams, 1985: 230. Ben-Dov, 2006: 288. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5.
Tachardina digitata Munting, 1965: 37; 1966: 123. {Syn.}.
Host plants: Type host not specified. Kapur (1958) and Ben-Dov
(2006) have listed many plants, e.g. Royena pallens, Pseudolachnostylis
maprounaefolia, Grevillea sp., pomegranate, orange, persimmon, pecan,
rose and veld bush, Rhus glauca, Euclea racemosa, Carya sp., Citrus
aurantium and C. paradisi.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Natal (Type locality). Also South Africa:
Cape colony: Qurnba (Qumbu), East London, Grahamstown, Transvaal.
ZIMBABWE (South Rhodesia): Macheke, Mazoe, Salisbury, Darwendale.
MOZAMBIQUE? (Varshney, 1997). South Africa: Cape Province:
Strandfontein (Type locality for digitata).
3 (a). Tachardina affluens affluens (Brain)
Tachardina affluens Brain, 1920: 125-126.

Tachardina (Tachardina) affluens: Chamberlin, 1923: 206.
Tachardina affluens: Hall, 1935: 483-484. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur,
1958: 34-35. Munting, 1965: 33. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993: 14;
41
1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Matile-Ferrero, 1988: 26. Kondo & Gullan,
2007: 5.
Tachardina affluens affluens: Ben-Dov, 2006: 289.
Host plants: Euclea sp. (Type host). Also recorded on Lagerstroemia
indica and Cestrum sp. (Kapur, 1958); and Athanasia sp., Euclea crispa, E.
undulata undulata, Zigiphus spina-christi and Cestrum aurantiacum (Ben-
Dov, 2006).
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Pretoria (Type locality), Hatfield,
Hex river; Cape (Hall, 1935). Also recorded from SAUDI ARABIA (Matile-
Ferrero, 1988).
3 (b). Tachardina affluens coagulata Hall
Tachardina affluens var. coagulata Hall, 1935: 477, 484. Kapur, 1958: 35.
Munting, 1966: 123 (redescription). Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993:
14; 2009: 8.
Tachardina affluens var. coagulate: Varshney, 1997: 29. {lapsus calami}.
Tachardina affluens coagulata: Ben-Dov, 2006: 289: nec Hall, 1935.
Host plants:? Hakea sp. (Type host). Also on persimmon and Diospyros
sp.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Brits and Warmbaths (Type
3 (c). Tachardina affluens natalensis Hall
Tachardina affluens var. natalensis Hall, 1935: 477, 484. Balachowsky,

1950: 9; Kapur, 1958: 35; Munting, 1966: 124 (redescription). Varshney,
1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993: 14; 1997: 30; 2009: 8.
Tachardina affluens natalensis: Ben-Dov, 2006: 289 nec Hall, 1935.
Host plant: Ficus sp. (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: Pietermaritzburg (Type locality).
4. Tachardina africana Hall
Tachardina africana Hall, 1935: 481. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur, 1958:
42
35. Munting, 1965: 35; 1966: 121-122. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993:
14; 1997: 30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 290.
Tachardia decorella Maskell: Brain, 1920: 125 (Misidentification). Also
Newstead, 1917 (vide Varshney, 1962: 282). {Syn.}.
Tachardia decorella of Brain, 1920: Chamberlin, 1923: 212 (reported
misidentification). {Syn.}
Host plants: Acacia sp. (Type host). Also Acacia horrida, A. karroo and A.
melanoxylon.
Distribution: ZIMBABWE (Southern Rhodesia): Malfort; and SOUTH
AFRICA: Pretoria (Type localities). Also from? MOZAMBIQUE (Varshney,
1997).
5. Tachardina albida Cockerell
Tachardina albida Cockerell, 1901: 249 {Year ‘19011’ in Ben-Dov, 2006:

290, 299, is lapsus calami}. MacGillivray, 1921: 154. Chamberlin, 1925:
41. Hall, 1935: 477. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur, 1958: 35-36. Munting,
1966: 121-122. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1984: 369-370; 1990: 73; 1993: 14;
1997: 30. Williams, 1985: 230. Ben-Dov, 2006: 290. Kondo & Gullan, 2007:
5. Varshney, 2009: 8; 2014: 49.
N.B. Several authors have put parenthesis on the author’s name of this
species, which is erroneous.
Tachardia albida: Fernald, 1903: 123. Brain, 1920: 120-126.
Tachardina (Tachardina) albida: Chamberlin, 1923: 206. Kapur,1958: 35
nec Cockerell, 1901.
Host plants: Mimosa sp., Acacia horrida (=A. karroo) (Type hsots). Also
Acacia sp.; A. stolonifera (Hall, 1935).
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Natal: Verulam (Type locality). ZIMBABWE
(South Rhodesia): Beatrice (Hall, 1935).
6. Tachardina aurantiaca (Cockerell)
Tachardia aurantiaca Cockerell, 1903: 65. Green, 1913: 314-316.

Tachardina (Tachardina) aurantiaca: Chamberlin, 1923: 205.
43
Tachardina aurantiaca: Hall, 1935: 475 {mistakenly shown Green as

author}. Takahashi, 1941: 138. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur, 1958: 36. Ali,
1970: 69. Varshney, 1976: 79 (redescription); 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30;
2009: 8; 2014: 49. Kozar & Drozdjak, 1998: 455 {Year ‘19981’ in Ben-Dov,
2006: 291, 303 is lapsus calami}. Ben-Dov, 2006: 291. Kondo & Gullan,
2007: 5.
Tachardina aurentiaca: Varshney, 1984:370 {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Grapefruit and Citrus sp. (Type hosts). Further recorded on
Flacourtia sp., Acacia sphaerocephala, Cajanus cajan, Pithecolobium sp.,
Ficus sp., Ziziphus mauritiana, Ixora macrothyrsa, Citrus amaram, and
Albizia sp. Also on Inocarpus fagifer (Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
Distribution: INDONESIA: Java: Garoet (Type locality), and Samarang.
MALAYSIA (Morrison, 1921). SINGAPORE. THAILAND: Bangkok Noi
(Takahashi, 1941). MALDIVES (Watson et al., 1995). AUSTRALIA: Christmas
Island: Daniel Roux Road (O’ Dowd et al., 2003; Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 5).
N.B. Varshney (1990, 1993, 2009) indicated to examine whether this
species need be placed in Paratachardina?.
7 . Tachardina bernardi Balachowsky
Tachardina bernardi Balachowsky, 1950: 12-13. Kapur, 1958: 36. Varshney,

1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006:
291.
Host Plants: Acacia raddiana and A. seyal (Type hosts). No other host
plant recorded.
Distribution: ALGERIA (Central Sahara): Tassili N’ Ajjeret, between Amais
and Djanet; between Fort Gandel and Dider; Ihrir and Ahrar (Type
localities). Kapur (1958) has not given host plant and Type locality.
8. Tachardina brachystegiae Hall
Tachardina brachystegiae Hall, 1935: 484-485. Balachowsky, 1950: 9.

Kapur, 1958: 36. Munting, 1965: 39-40; 1966: 121-122. Varshney, 1976:
18; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 292.
Tachardina brachysteginae: Varshney, 1990: 73. {lapsus calami}
Host plants: Brachystegia sp.; Ziziphus jujuba, Cestrum sp., Acacia sp.,
44
Berlinia globiflora, Hibiscus sp. and custard apple (Annona squamosa)

(Type hosts).
Distribution: ZIMBABWE (Southern Rhodesia): Mazoe, Glendale, El
dorado and Salisbury (Type localities). Known from original record only.
9. Tachardina diclipterae Hall
Tachardina diclipterae Hall, 1935: 477, 485-486. Balachowsky, 1950: 9. Kapur,

1958: 37. Munting, 1965: 35-36; 1966: 121-122; 1973: 59. Varshney, 1976: 18;
1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 292.
Host plant: Dicliptera rogersii (Type host). No Other host plant known.
Distribution: ZIMBABWE (Southern Rhodesia): Inyazura (Type locality).
10. Tachardina gripha Munting
Tachardina gripha Munting, 1966: 124-126. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990: 73;
1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 292.
Host plant: Elytropappus rhinocerotis (Type host). No other host plant
known.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Van Rhynsdorp District:
Bitterfontein (Type locality). Known from original record only.
11. Tachardina karroo Brain
Tachardia karroo Brain, 1920: 124 {Year ‘1929’ in Kapur, 1958, is lapsus
calami}.
Tachardina (Tachardina) karroo: Chamberlin, 1923: 211-212.
(redescription).
Tachardina karroo: Hall, 1935: 480-481. Kapur, 1958: 37. Munting, 1966:
121, 127-129 (redescription). Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1997: 30;
2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 292-293.
Tachardina karroco: Balachowsky, 1950: 9. {lapsus calami}.
Tachardina Karroo: Varshney, 1993:15. {lapsus calami}.
Host Plant: Elytropappus rhinocerotis (Type host). No other host plant
recorded.
45
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Montague (Type locality).

12. Tachardina lereddei Balchowsky
Tachardina lereddei Balachowsky, 1950: 12-13. Kapur, 1958: 37. Munting,
1973: 59-60. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 8;
2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 293.
Host plant: Tamarix f. gallica (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: ALGERIA (Central Sahara): Tassili N’ Ajjers: gorges d’ Ahrar
(Type locality). Known from original record only. Kapur (1958) has not
given host plant and type locality.
13. Tachardina minor (Brain)
Tachardina minor Brain, 1920: 124.

Tachardina (Tachardina) minor: Chamberlin, 1923: 211 (redescription).
Tachardina minor: Hall, 1935: 479-480 (redescription). Balachowsky,
1950: 9. Kapur, 1958: 39. Munting, 1966: 121-122. Varshney, 1976: 18;
1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 8; 2014: 49. Ben-Dov, 2006: 293.
Host Plant: Rhenosterbosch Elytropappus rhinocerotis (Type host). No
other host plant recorded.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Montague (Type locality).
14. Tachardina oligopora Munting
Tachardina oligopora Munting, 1966: 121-122, 129-131. Varshney, 1976:

18; 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997:30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben- Dov, 2006: 293-294.
Host plant: Struthiola ?confusa (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Van Rhynsdorp district:
Bitterfontein (Type locality). Known from original record only.
15. Tachardina perplexa Munting
Tachardina perplexa Munting, 1973: 59, 61. Varshney, 1990: 73; 1993: 15;
1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 294.
Host plants: Galenia africana (Type host). Also on Acacia sp. (Ben-Dov,
2006).
46
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Van Rhynsdorp District:

Bitterfontein (Type Locality). Known from original record only.
N.B. This species is not included in Varshney (1976).
16. Tachardina protrudens Munting
Tachardina protrudens Munting, 1965: 39-41; 1966: 121-122. Varshney,

1976: 18; 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 294.
Host plant: Elytropappus rhinocerotis (Type Host). No other host plant
recorded.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Picketberg District: Aurora
17. Tachardina psiadiae Mamet
Tachardina psiadiae Mamet, 1953: 22, 24-25. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990:
73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 294.
Host plant: Psiadia sp. (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: MADAGASCAR: Ambatoloana (Type locality). Known from
N.B. This species is not included by Kapur (1958).
18. Tachardina recurva Munting
Tachardina recurva Munting, 1973: 59, 62-63. Varshney, 1990: 73; 1993:
15; 1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 295.
Host plant: Erica sp. (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Du Toit’s Kloof Pass (Type
N.B. This species is not included by Varshney (1976).
19. Tachardina sclerosa Munting
Tachardina sclerosa Munting, 1965: 41-43; 1966: 121-122. Varshney, 1976:

18; 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 295.
recorded.
47
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Clanwilliam District: Citrusdal (Type

20. Tachardina spinosa Munting
Tachardina spinosa Munting, 1966: 121-122, 131-133. Varshney, 1976:

18; 1990: 73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 295.
recorded.
Distribution: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Worcester (Type locality).
21. Tachardina tsimbazazae Mamet
Tachardina tsimbazazae Mamet, 1953: 24-25. Varshney, 1976: 18; 1990:

73; 1993: 15; 1997: 30; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 295.
Host plant: Diospyros kaki (Type host). No other host plant recorded.
Distribution: MADAGASCAR: Tsimbazaza (Type locality). Known from
N.B. This species is not included in Kapur (1958).
Tribe PARATACHARDININI
Paratachardinini Varshney, 2014: 50.
Genus VIII. Albotachardina Zhang

Albotachardina Zhang, 1992: 386-387. Varshney, 1993: 14 {erroneously
marked ‘nomen nudum’}; 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 50. Tao, 1999: 48. Sharma &
Ramani, 1999: 440. Kondo & Gullan, 2005: 403; 2007: 6. Ben-Dov, 2006: 251.
Albotachardia: Tao, 1999:48. {lapsus calami}.
Type species: Albotachardina yunnanensis Zhang
Distribution: Oriental and East Palaearctic Regions.
1. Albotachardina capsella (Wang)
Paratachardina capsella Wang, 1986: 196-198. Varshney, 1990: 74; 1993:

15; 1997: 30. Tao, 1999: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 277.
48
Albotachardina capsella: Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 1, 2, 36. Varshney, 2009:

8; 2014: 50.
Host Plant: Rhus chinensis (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: CHINA: Yunnan Province (Type locality). Known from
2. Albotachardina sinensis Zhang
Albotachardina sinensis Zhang, 1992: 387-390. Varshney, 1993: 14

{erroneously marked ‘nomen nudum’}; 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 50. Ben-
Dov, 2006: 251.
Albotachardia sinensis: Tao, 1999: 48. {lapsus calami}.
Host plants: Ficus obtusifolia and F. benjamina (Type hosts). No other
host plant known.
3. Albotachardina yunnanensis Zhang
Albotachardina yunnanensis Zhang, 1992: 387. Varshney, 1993: 14

{erroneously marked ‘nomen nudum’}; 1997: 29; 2009: 8; 2014: 50. Ben-
Dov, 2006: 252.
Albotachardia yunnanensis: Tao, 1999: 48. {lapsus calami}
Host plants: Ficus benjamina and F. obtusifolia (Type hosts). No other
host plant known.
Distribution: CHINA: Yunnan Province: Jingdong hsien (Type locality).
Genus IX. Paratachardina Balachowsky

Paratachardina Balachowsky, 1950: 8. Varshney, 1968: 489: 1976: 18, 54-67,
80. Ali, 1970: 69 foot-note. Williams & Watson, 1990: 187. Zhang, 1992: 386-
387. Sharma & Ramani, 1999: 440-441. Varshney, 1984: 366-367; 1990: 74;
1993: 15; 1997: 30; 1998: 249; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 277. Kondo
& Gullan, 2005: 397; 2007: 1-41; 2011:141-146.
Group of Tachardina decorella Maskell: Chamberlin, 1923: 204-211.
49
Type species: Carteria decorella Maskell

Distribution: Oriental, Australian and Nearctic Regions.
1. Paratachardina sp.
Paratachardina sp: Nair et al., 1977:127-128.

Host plant: On twigs of clove, Eugenia caryophyllata (Type host).
Distribution: INDIA: Kerala: Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram) (Type
locality).
N.B. Besides above, Lit & Gullan (in litt.) state “Besides Paratachardina
decorella, there are other species of Paratachardina in Australia, but all
are undescribed” (Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 11).
2. Paratachardina decorella (Maskell)
Carteria decorella Maskell, 1892: 247.

Tachardia decorella: Maskell, 1894: 70. Fernald, 1903: 124.
Tachardia (Carteria) decorella: Ayyar, 1921: 340.
Tachardina (Tachardina) decorella: Chamberlin, 1923: 210-211.
Tachardina decorella: Kapur, 1958: 36-37. Brimblecombe, 1962: 228.
Paratachardina decorella: Balachowsky, 1950: 8. Varshney, 1976: 18;
1984: 370; 1990: 74; 1993: 15; 1997: 30. Tao, 1999: 48. Varshney, 2009: 9;
2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 277-278. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 8-11.
Host Plant: Myrica cerifera (Type host). Also on Monotoca elliptica, Carya
illinoiensis and Eugenia smithii (Kapur, 1958; Ben-Dov, 2006).
Distribution: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Sydney (Type locality).
Also from Australia: Victoria (Chamberlin, 1923) and Queensland
(Brimblecombe, 1962).
3. Paratachardina javanensis Kondo & Gullan
Paratachardina javanensis Kondo & Gullan in Kondo et al., 2011: 141-146.

Varshney, 2014: 50.
Host Plant: Myrica rubra (=Morella rubra) (Type host). No other host plant
recorded.
50
Distribution: INDONESIA: West Java: Cibodas (Type locality). Known from

4. Paratachardina mahdihassani Kondo & Gullan
Paratachardina mahdihassani Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 11-14. Varshney

2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ahmad et al., 2013c: 11-20.
Host plants: Pongamia pinnata (Type host). Also on Mangifera indica
Distibution: INDIA: Karnataka: Bengaluru (Bangalore): Jarakabande State
Forest (Type locality). Also Bengaluru: Bannerghatta National Park; and
Bengaluru: Gottipura (Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
5. Paratachardina minuta (Morrison)
Tachardia minuta Morrison, 1920: 179-181.

Tachardina (Tachardina) minuta: Chamberlin, 1923: 209.
Tachardina minuta: Cockerell, 1924: 47. Kapur, 1958: 39. Ali, 1970: 70.
Paratachardina minuta: Varshney, 1968: 489 {not ‘Varshney & Teotia’
as given in Ben-Dov, 2006; lapsus calami}. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968:
59. Varshney, 1976: 18, 80, 82; 1984: 370; 1990: 74; 1993: 15; 1997: 30;
2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006: 280. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 14-17
(redescription).
Host Plant: On midrib of leaves of Mangifera indica (Type host). No other
host plant recorded.
Distribution: PHILIPPINES (Philippine Islands): Mindanao: Isabela and
Isabela de Basilan (Type locality). Its record from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) by
Green (1922) was misidentification.
6. Paratachardina mithila Varshney
Paratachardina mithila Varshney, 1968: 489. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968:

59-60. Ali, 1970: 69 foot note. Varshney, 1973: 12; 1974: 23; 1976: 18,
59-61; 1984: 370; 1990: 74; 1993: 15. Ben-Dov, 2006: 280-281. Kondo &
Gullan, 2007: 17-18, 36. Varshney, 2009: 9; 2014: 50.
Paratachardina mithilae: Varshney, 1997: 30; 1998: 249 (emend). Varshney
& Kondo, 2007: 104-107 (correspondence). Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 17.
51
‘Paratachardina mithila / P. theae’: Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 8, 18.

Host Plants: Photinia notoniana var. macrophylla (Type host).? Photinia
benthamiana (Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
Distribution: INDIA: Meghalaya (earlier part of Assam): Shillong: in the
Gardens of Ward Lake (Type locality). CHINA (Kondo & Gullan, 2007;
Varshney & Kondo, 2007).
7. Paratachardina morobensis Williams & Watson
Paratachardina morobensis Williams & Watson, 1990: 188-189. Sharma &

Ramani, 1999: 441. Varshney, 2003: 22; 2009: 9; 2014: 50. Ben-Dov, 2006:
281. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 18-20.
Host plant: Casuarina oligodon (Type host). No other host plant known.
Distribution: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Province: Bulolo (Type
locality). Also from Morobe Province: Wau. Known from original record
only.
8. Paratachrdina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan
Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 20-27. Varshney,

2009: 9; 2014: 50. Kondo et al., 2011: 141-146.
Paratachardina lobata and P. lobata lobata: Pemberton, 2003: 353-360.
Howard et al., 2004. Mannion et al., 2005. Mestre et al., 2006: 21 {Syn.}.
Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 27.
Paratachardina sp. nr. lobata: Miller et al., 2007 {Syn.}.
Host plants: Leaf of mango Mangifera indica (Type host). Also on Clusia
sp., Myrica cerifera, Chrysobalanus icaco, Psychotria nervosa, Melaleuca
vinifera, Celtis timorensis, Syzygium nervosum, Combretum acuminatum,
Terminalia catappa, Eugenia confusa, Tetrazygia bicolor, Exothea
paniculata, Averrhoa carambola, Ficus sp., F. benjamina and Hibiscus sp.
Distribution: U.S.A.: Florida: Broward Co; Davie, University of Florida
Fort Lauderdale Research Education Center (Type locality). Also U.S.A.:
Florida: Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation; Everglades National
Park, Shark Valley; Fort Lauderdale Secret Woods; Broward: Fern Forest;
Dade Co. : US 27: Tamiami Trail crossing. Miami: Florida International
52
University. AUSTRALIA: Christmas Is; Winifred Beach track; Indian Ocean:

WCR, Drumside; Dolly Beach track; Daniel Roux Road. BAHAMAS:
Andros; Grand Bahamas; Rand Nature Center; New Providence: Nassau.
MALAYSIA: Melaka: Mahan Kapa shop parade; Melaka City Council
nursery; Penang Is.: Georgetown (Kondo & Gullan, 2011: 142). Also in
CUBA (Mestre et al., 2006: 21-24).
9. Paratachardina silvestri (Mahdihassan)
Tachardia silvestri Mahdihassan, 1923: 76.

Tachardina silvestrii: Chamberlin, 1925: 41. Mahdihassan, 1936: 16-17;
1946: 135. Kapur, 1958: 39. Ali, 1970: 70.
Paratachardina silvestrii: Varshney, 1968: 489 {not ‘Varshney & Teotia’ as
given in Ben-Dov, 2006}. Varshney, 1976: 18, 55, 61-63; 1984: 370; 1997:
30; 1990; 74; 1993: 15. Varshney & Ganguly, 1968: 60; 1969: 21. Ben-Dov,
2006: 281.
Tachardia lobata Green, 1922: 416; Ayyar, 1919: 47; 1921: 340 ‘nomen
nudum’: Varshney 1967: 77. {Syn.}.
Tachardia minuta sensu Green, 1922: 414 {Syn.}.
Tachardina (Tachardina) lobata: Chamberlin, 1923: 208 {Syn.}.
Tachardina lobata: Cockerell, 1924: 47. Chamberlin, 1925: 41.
Mahdihassan, 1936: 14; Green, 1937: 69-70. Kapur, 1958: 37-38. {Syn.}.
Tachardina lobata var. schmidtii Mahdihassan, 1946: 136. Kapur, 1958:
38. {Syn.}.
Tachardina lobata var. walczuchii Mahdihassan, 1946: 136. Kapur, 1958:
38. {Syn.}.
Paratachardina lobata lobata: Ben-Dov, 2006: 278 {Syn.}.
Paratachardina lobata schmidti: Ben-Dov, 2006: 279 {Syn.}.
Paratachardina lobata walczuchae: Ben-Dov, 2006: 280 {Syn.}.
Paratachardina lobata Varshney, 1968: 489; 1976: 56-58. Varshney &
Ganguly, 1968: 59-60. Varshney, 1990: 74; 1993: 15; 1997: 30. {Syn.}.
Paratachardina lobata var. schmidti: Varshney, 1976: 58; 1984: 370; 1997:
30. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 31 {Syn.}.
53
Partachardina lobata var. walczuchae: Varshney, 1976: 58; 1984: 370;

1997: 30. Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 31{Syn.}.
Paratachardina silvestri: Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 27-31. Varshney, 2009: 9;
2014: 50.
Host plants: Ixora parviflora (Type host). Also on Ficus benjamina, Santalum
album, Guazuma tomentosa (Varshney, 1976). Pongamia pinnata (Kondo
& Gullan, 2007). Michelia champaca and Guazuma tomentosa (Type
hosts) for schmidti and walczuchae respectively; Mahdihassan, 1946).
Fluggea leucopyrus (=Securinega leucopyrus) (Type host for lobata vide
Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
Distribution: South INDIA: Karnataka (Mysore): Bengaluru (Bangalore)
(Type locality). Also India: Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore; Andhra Pradesh:
Madanapalle; and SRI LANKA (Ceylon): Kandy and Peradeniya
(Green,1922).
10. Patachardina ternata (Chamberlin)
Tachardina (Tachardina) ternata Chamberlin, 1923: 208.

Tachardina ternata: Chamberlin, 1925: 41. Ayyar, 1930: 66. Misra, 1930:
161. Kapur, 1958: 39-40. Ali, 1970: 70.
Paratachardina ternata: Vershney, 1968: 489; 1976: 56, 63-64; 1984: 370;
1990: 74; 1993: 15; 1997: 30. Ben-Dov, 2006: 281-182. Kondo & Gullan,
2007: 8, 31-33 (redescription). Varshney, 2009: 9; 2014: 50.
Tachardia (Tachardina) ternata: Varshney, 2014: 50 nec Ben-Dov, 2006:
281. {Incorrect citation}.
Paratachardina ternate: Varsheny et al., 2012: 8. {lapsus calami}.
Host Plant: Acacia chundra (=A. sundra) (Type host). No other host plant
known.
Distribution: INDIA: Kerala: Travancore (Type locality). Known from
11. Paratachardina theae (Green)
Tachardina decorella var. theae Green in Green & Mann, 1907: 348-349.
Tachardia decorella: Barlow, 1897: 58. Ferris, 1921: 212 {Misidentification}.
54
Tachardina (Tachardina) theae: Chamberlin, 1923: 210.

Laccifer theae: Misra, 1930: 161.
Tachardina theae: Kapur, 1958: 40. Ali, 1970: 70-71.
Paratachardina theae: Varshney, 1968: 489 {not ‘Varshney & Teotia, 1968’
as given in Ben-Dov, 2006}. Varshney & Ganguly, 1969: 20. Varshney,
1976: 56, 64-67 (redescription); 1984: 370; 1990: 74; 1993: 15; 1994: 330;
1997: 30. Tao, 1999: 50. Wong et al., 1999: 8, 45. Ben-Dov, 2006: 282.
Kondo & Gullan, 2007: 33-36 (redescription). Varshney, 2009: 9; 2014: 50.
Varshney et al., 2012: 8-9.
N.B. Several earlier authors, including Chamberlin (1923), Kapur, (1958)
and Varshney (1962: 282) have shown ‘Green & Mann’ as authors of this
species. Varshney (1965: 5-6) has clarified, after examining the original,
that Green alone is author who published the name first in Green &
Mann (1907).
Host palnts: Tea plant Thea sinensis, and Cinchona calisaya (Type hosts).
Mangifera indica, Mallotus philippinensis, Machilus sp; Michelia longifolia,
Ficus religiosa, F. retusa, Gardenia florida, Psidium guajava (Varshney,
1976); and Photinia benthamiana (Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
Distribution: INDIA: W. Bengal: Darjeeling (Type locality). India: Sikkim:
Rhenock, Assam and West Bengal: Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kolkata
(Calcutta). Also CHINA: Guangzhou (Canton): Lingnan University;
Guangdong (Kwangtung) and Hunan. HONG KONG and TAIWAN
(Chamberlin, 1923; Varshney, 1976; Kondo & Gullan, 2007).
55
Alphabetical Index
(Valid scientific names only)
A C
acaciae, Austrotachardia 37 capsella, Albotachardina 48,49
actinella, Tachardina 41 chamberlini, Kerria (Kerria) 8,9
affluens, Tachardina affluens 3, 41, 42 Chamberliniella 2,3,21,22,23

chinensis, Kerria (Kerria) chinensis 9,10,23
africana, Tachardina 42
coagulata, Tachardina affluens 3,42
Afrotachardina 2, 39, 40
colombiana, Austrotachardiella 33
albida,Tachardina 41,43
communis, Kerria (Kerria) 10
albizziae, Kerria (Kerria) 7,8
conchiferata, Metatachardia 24
Albotachardina 2,48,49
condaliae, Tachardiella 27
ambigua, Kerria (Kerria) lacca 15
convexa, Austrotachardia 38
angulata, Austrotachardia 38 cornuta, Tachardiella 27,28
argentina,Tachardiella 26 cydoniae, Austrotachardiella 33
artocarpi, Tachardiella 27 D
aurantiaca, Tachardina 43,44 decorella, Paratachardina 50
australis, Austrotachardia 38 diclipterae, Tachardina 45
Austrotachardia 2,3,37,38,39 dubeyi, Kerria (Kerria) 11
Austrotachardiella 2,32,33,34,35,36,37
E
AUSTROTACHARDIINI 36
ebrachiata, Kerria (Kerria) 11
B
F
bernardi, Tachardina 44
ferrisi, Tachardiella 28
bodkini, Austrotachardiella 33
fici, Kerria (Kerria) fici 11
brachysetosa, Afrotachardina 40
fukienensis, Metatachardia 24
brachystegiae, Tachardina 44
fulgens, Tachardiella 28
brancheata, Kerria (Kerria) 8
56
G M
gemmifera, Austrotachardiella 34 maduraiensis, Kerria (Kerria) 16

glomerella, Tachardiella 29 mahdihassani, Paratachardina 51
greeni, Kerria (Chamberliniella) 21
manipurensis, Kerria
gripha, Tachardina 45 (Chamberliniella) 3,22
H melaleuca, Austrotachardia 3,39
hunanensis, Metatachardia 25 mendingensis, Kerria (Kerria) 16
I meridionalis, Kerria
(Chamberliniella) 22,23
indicola, Kerria (Kerria) 13
Metatachardia 2,24,25
ingae, Tachardiella 29
mexicana, Tachardiella 30
J
minor, Tachardina 46
javana, Kerria (Chamberliniella) 22
minuta, Paratachardina 51
javanensis, Paratachardina 50
jhansiensis, Kerria (Kerria) fici 12 mithila, Paratachardina 51,52
K morobensis, Paratachardina 52
myrica, Metatachardia 25
karroo, Tachardina 45
Kerria 2,3,5-23 mysorensis, Kerria (Kerria) lacca 15
Kerria (Chamberliniella) 3,21,22,23 N

Kerria (Kerria) 7-20 nagoliensis, Kerria (Kerria) 17
Kerria sp. 2,7
natalensis, Tachardina affluens 3,42
kydia, Kerria (Kerria) chinensis 10
nepalensis, Kerria (Kerria) 17
L
nigra, Austrotachardiella 34
lacca, Kerria (Kerria) lacca 13,14
nigra, Tachardiella 31
larreae, Tachardiella 29,30
O
lereddei, Tachardina 46
longisetosa, Afrotachardina 40 oligopora, Tachardina 46
lycii, Tachardiella 30 ourinhensis, Austrotachardiella 3,35
57
P sindica, Kerria (Kerria) 19
palobrea, Tachardiella 31 sinensis, Albotachardina 49
Paratachardina 2,44,48-55 sinensis, Metatachardia 25

spinosa, Tachardina 48
Paratachardina sp. 50,52
PARATACHARDININI 48 T
parva, Tachardiella 31 Tachardiella 2,26-36

TACHARDIELLINA 26
pennyae, Kerria (Kerria) 17
TACHARDIIDAE 3,5
perplexa, Tachardina 46
TACHARDIINA 6
protrudens, Tachardina 47
TACHARDIINAE 2,5
pseudolobata, Paratachardina 52 TACHARDIINI 5
psiadiae, Tachardina 47 Tachardina 2,3,39-48, 50,51,53,54,55
pusana, Kerria (Kerria) 18 Tachardina sp. 41
pustulata, Tachardiella 32 TACHARDININAE 2,39

TACHARDININI 39
R
takahashii, Kerria (Kerria) lacca 16
rangoonensis, Kerria
ternata, Paratachardina 54
(Chamberliniella) 23
theae, Paratachardina 54,55
recurva, Tachardina 47
thrissurensis, Kerria (Kerria) 20
resinata, Tachardiella 32
trilobata, Austrotachardiella 36
rotundata, Austrotachardiella 35
tsimbazazae, Tachardina 48
rubra, Austrotachardiella 36
V
ruralis, Kerria (Kerria) 18
varshneyi, Kerria (Kerria) 20
S
Y
sclerosa, Tachardina 47
yunnanensis, Albotachardina 48,49
sexcordata, Austrotachardiella 36
yunnanensis, Kerria (Kerria) 20
sharda Kerria (Kerria) 19
yunnanensis, Metatachardia 25
silvestri, Paratachardina 53,54
58
Bibliography
(Publications of the year 1980 onwards)
1. Ahmad, Ayashaa, 2013. Morphological, cytological and genome size
studies focussed towards exploration of taxonomic characters in lac
insect populations belonging to Kerria, in India. Ph.D. Thesis. Birla
Instt. Tech., Mesra, Ranchi: 306 pp.
2. Ahmad, Ayashaa; Kaushik, Sandeep; Ramamurthy, V.V. ; Lakhanpaul,

Suman; Ramani, R.; Sharma, K.K. and Vidyarthi, A.S., 2012. Mouthparts
and stylet penetration of the lac insect Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Hemiptera:
Tachardiidae). Arthropod Struc. & Develop. , 30: 1-7.
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Author Index of Bibliography

(Shows its reference sl. no.)
A Chen, S.P.: 187
Agarwal, S.C.: 88-89 Chen, X.M.: 19-26, 28-30, 128
Ahmad, A.: 1-6 Chen, Y.D.: 48
B Chen, Y.Q.: 24, 27-30

Chen, Z.Y.: 29-30
Baboo, B.: 104
Chiu, S.C.: 31-32
Bahuguna, R.: 7
Chou, K.C.: 31-32
Ben-Dov, Y.: 8-12, 69, 85
Chou, L.Y.: 31-32, 187
Battacharjee, S.: 18
Chowdhury, H.: 18
Bhattacharya, A.: 13, 58, 87-90, 92-
94, 113-114 Chu, J.C.: 33
Bhowate, C.S.: 14 Chu, Y.I.: 32
Bhowate, M.C.: 14 Colombini, M.P. : 34
Biswas, S.: 18 Cook, L.G.: 35, 110
Bohmer, H.: 15 Couturier, G.: 82
Bonaduce, I.: 34 D
C Das, B.N.: 176
Cai, C.: 191 Deitz, L.L.: 36
Campbell, M.H.: 16 Deng, J.A.: 47
Cardon, D.: 17 Donaldson, J.F.: 16
Chakrabarti, I.: 18 Drozdjak, J.: 71
Chakraborty, S. : 18 Dutta, T.: 18
Chang, Y.C.: 131 F
Chen, H.: 19-21, 25 Feng, Y.: 19-21, 25-26
77
G Hou, X.K.: 48
Gautier, G.: 34 Howard, F.W.: 49-52, 79, 100
Gawai, D.U.: 14 Hsieh, F.K.: 53-55, 57
Ghorai, N.: 18, 37 Hu, H.: 73, 190
Ghosh, J.: 18 Hu, X.: 56
Gibson, G.A.P. : 12, 85 Huang, W.: 74

Hwang, J.S.: 53-55, 57
Giliomee, J.H.: 10
Gill, R.J.: 38 J
Gillespie, P.S. : 16 Jadhav, M.J.: 177
Girling, D.J.: 183 Jaiswal, A.K.: 58, 101, 114-117, 126
Goswami, D.N.: 104 Jalaluddin, S.M.: 59
Green, P.T.: 95 Jena, A.: 60
Gullan, P.J.: 16, 35, 39-40, 63-67, 78, Johnson, L.M.: 83

110
K
H
Kapoor, V.P.: 61
Hadzibejli, Z.K.: 41
Kaushik, S.: 2, 62,102
Hamon, A.B. : 42-44, 50
Kawai, S.: 68
Hao, H.H.: 184
Kondo, T.: 39, 63-68, 110, 178
Hayat, M.: 45
Kosztarab, M.: 40, 69-70, 86
He, J.: 47, 56
Kosztarab, M.P.: 69-70
He, R.: 25
Kozar, F.: 71-72
Hodges, A.: 79
Kumar, K.K.: 101, 115-117
Hodges, G.S.: 43-44, 50, 52, 79, 84
Kumar, P.: 126,189
Holtkamp, R.H.: 16
Kumar, S.: 90, 92,94
Hong, G.J.: 96-97
Hou, K.W.: 27, 48
78
L Mohan, R.: 59
Lake, P.S.: 95 Mohanasundaram, A.: 6
Lakhanpaul, S.: 2, 62, 102 Moharana, S.: 179
Li, J.: 73-74, 190 N

Li, K.: 28-30, 128 Naqvi, A.H.: 13, 87
Li, Y.: 74 Nguyen, R.: 100
Lin, X.L.: 75 O
Liang, Z.J.: 182
O’Dowd, D.J.: 95
Liou, T.D.: 184
Ooi, P.A.C.: 183
Lit, I.L.:11, 76-78
Ou, B.R.: 96-97
Liu, N.: 51
P
Lu, F.M.: 184
Pal, C.: 18
M
Pemberton, R.W.: 46, 49-52, 67, 98-
Mahdihassan, S.: 80, 103 100, 110
Mallick, A.: 92 Prasad, N.: 101
Mallick ,C.B.: 106, 108 Pushker, A.K. : 62, 102
Mannion, C.: 79 Pushpangadan, P.: 61
Mao, Y.F.: 26, 47 Q
Matile-Ferrero, D.: 81-82 Qadri, N. :103
McCabe,T.L.: 83
R
Mc Cornick, L.H.: 16
Rai, K. : 18
Mc Lean, D.: 51
Ram, R.L.: 127
Mestre, N.: 84
Ramamurthy, V.V.: 2-6, 60
Miller, D.R.: 12, 85-86
Ramani, R.: 2-3, 5-6, 60, 62, 102, 104,
Mishra, Y.D. : 13, 58, 87-94, 114, 122, 106, 108, 118-122
126, 189 Ranjan, R.: 106, 108
79
Ravelo, H.G.: 84 Sushil, S.N.: 58, 89-94, 113-114

Rizvi, S. : 107 T
S Tan, D.: 190
Sadakathulla, S.: 59 Tanaka, T.: 129
Saha, D.: 106, 108 Tang, D.: 73
Saha, S.K.: 18 Tao, C.C.C.: 130-131
Schauff, M.E. : 109 Teui, S.Y.: 182
Schroer, S.: 46, 52, 110 Tocker, M.F.: 36
Sen, A.K.: 13 Trueman, H.E.: 35
SEPC: 123 V
Sharma, K.K.: 2-6, 58, 60, 62, 93, 102, Varshney, R.K.: 132-180
105, 111-122
Sharma, R.M.: 177 Vidyarthi, A.S.: 2-3, 5-6, 60, 106, 108
Shi, B.: 124 W

Shi, B.C.: 47 Walter, J.: 72
Shi, L.: 24, 29-30, 47 Wang, S.: 73
Shiva, M.P.: 7 Wang, S.Y.: 26, 190
Singh, B.P. : 88, 90, 189 Wang, T.C.: 181-182
Singh, R.K.: 189 Wang, X.: 56
Speight, M.R.: 125 Watson, G.W.: 183, 186
Srivastava, P.N.: 180 Wen, H.C.: 184
Srivastava, S.C.: 126 Williams, D.J.: 185-186
Steinberg, B.: 51 Winotai, A.: 100
Su, X.Q.: 75 Wong, C.Y.: 131, 187
Subbarayudu, B.B.: 127 Wykes, P.J.: 16
Sun, Y.Y.: 128
80
X Z
Xie, Y.P.: 188 Zhang, H.: 24
Xu, T.: 28 Zhang, J.Y.: 191
Xue, J.L.: 188 Zhang, W.F.: 188
Y Zhang, Z.S.: 192-194
Yadav, S.K.: 189 Zhao, Y.: 74
Yan, K.: 73, 190 Zheng, L.Y.: 188
Yang, C.Y.: 191

Yang, Z.: 25
Yao, T.F.: 182
Ye, S.D.: 21
81
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83
22. Sharma, K.K. and Jaiswal, A.K. 2002. Lac cultivation technologies. In:
Recent Advances in Lac Culture (Ed. Kumar, K.K. et al.). Indian Institute
of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi: 41-48.
23. Sharma, K.K.; Lakhanpaul, S. and Chawla, H.M. 2007. Biological,
chemical and molecular characterization of lac insect – host plant
relationship. Final Project Report, DBT, Govt. of India. Indian Institute of
Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi: 133 pp.
24. Siddique, S.A. 2004. Lac - the versatile natural resin. Natural Prod.
Radiance, 3(5): 332-337.
25. Singh, J.P.; Jaiswal, A.K.; Monobrullah, Md. and Bhattacharya, A. 2009.
Response of some selected insecticides on neuropteran predator
(Chrysopa lacciperda) of lac insect (Kerria lacca). Indian J. Agric. Sci.,
79(9): 727-731.
84
Dr. Kewal Krishan Sharma (born May 16, 1961) did his M. Sc.
Zoology (Entomology) from KU, Kurukshetra and Ph. D. from
CCS HAU, Hisar. During his 33 years of experience in research
and extension, he has published 98 research articles, 28
books/technical reports, 31 book chapters, 21 Research /
Extension Bulletins; filed three patents; participated in 80
Conferences and guided two Ph.D. and three M.Sc. students.
He has developed improved lac insect breeds, new lac insect-Host Plant
combinations, technologies of lac cultivation; discovered new lac insect and
associated fauna, host-plants and developed Field Gene Banks of lac insects
and host-plants.
Presently, Dr. Sharma is heading the ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins
and Gums, Ranchi as Director. He is also the Project Coordinator of All India
Network Project on Conservation of Lac Insect Genetic Resources. Dr.
Sharma is Fellow of Entomological Society of India, IARI, New Delhi; President
of Society for Advancement of Natural Resins and Gums, IINRG, Ranchi and
Life Member of a number of professional societies.
E-mail: kewalkks@gmail.com
Dr. Rajendra Kumar Varshney, born Oct. 1939 at Aligarh, UP,

India did his B.Sc. and M.Sc. from Aligarh Muslim University;
and Ph.D. and D.Sc. from Patna University. He retired from
active service in 1997 at Kolkata as Addl. Director of Zoological
Survey of India.
Dr. Varshney published about 200 research papers mainly on
the coccids including the lac entomology. Studies of Indian
butterflies is his other field of interest. He served on the editorial boards of
many journals including Oriental Insects, USA. He was founder editor of
Bionotes for 20 years. Dr. Varshney has been Fellow of the Royal
Entomological Society of London; the Entomological Society of India; the
Academy of Zoology etc. He represented India in the ISSIS – IV at Budapest
and as an expert-cum-Consultant in a SAARC Project at Maldives. Two
genera, three species and a subspecies have been named after his name in
different groups of insects.
E-mail: bionotes_india@yahoo.com
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Lac Insects of the World : An updated Catalogue and Bibliography

Book · February 2020

Kewal Krishan Sharma

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4. About the Network Project on Conservation of Lac vii

ii. Subfamily Tachardiinae 5

iii. Subfamily Tachardininae 39

iv. Alphabetical Index of scientific names 56

i. Author Index of Bibliography 77

ii. Addendum to the Bibliography 82

D.Sc. Thesis, ‘Contributions on the Lac Entomology and Taxonomic studies on

At an early stage of my lac studies, I published an obituary note on the demise of

The lac-insect genetic resources

Table 1. Numbers of valid genus-group and species- group taxa

Tachardiinae Kerria Targ. 1884 22 5 2

Metatachardia Chamberlin, 1923 6

Tachardiella Cockerell, 1901 16

Austrotachardiella Chamberlin, 1923 10

Austrotachardia Chamberlin, 1923 5

Tachardininae Afrotachardina Charmberlin, 1923 2

Tachardina Cockerell, 1901 20 2 1

Albotachardina Zhang, 1992 3

Paratachardina Balachowsky, 1950 10 1

Genus-Group-10 Species group-106

Since the last compilation on this subject (Varshney, 2014), the

2. Austrotachardia melaleuca (emend.)

3. Tachardina affluens affluens (sub sp.)

4. Tachardina affluens coagulata (status change)

5. Tachardina affluens natalensis (status change)

6. Kerria (Chamberliniella) manipurensis (New comb.)

(ii) Varshney, R.K. 1976. Taxonomic studies on Lac insects of India

(iii) Varshney, R.K., 1984. A review of the family Tachardiidae (Kerriidae)

Accordingly, to avoid much repetition, it has been thought proper to include

Subfamily TACHARDIINAE (nominate)

Tribe TACHARDIINI (nominate)

Lacciferinina Balachowsky, 1950.

Subtribe TACHARDIINA (Nominate)

Genus I. Kerria Targioni-Tozzetti

Subgenus (i) Kerria Targioni – Tozzetti (nominate)

Kerria sp.: Varshney, 1992: 26; Varshney et al., 2012: 6.

Kerria sp.: Varshney, 2000: 27; 2004: 89; 2009: 6.

Tachardia albizziae Green, 1903: 98 (nomen nudum). Green, 1911: 32.

4. Kerria (Kerria) chamberlini Varshney

Lakshadia chinensis Mahdihassan, 1923: 98.

5 (b). Kerria (Kerria) chinensis kydia (Misra)

Laccifer kydia Misra, 1930: 162. Kapur, 1958: 19.

Lakshadia communis Mahdihassan, 1923: 98; 1961: 115.

7. Kerria (Kerria) dubeyi Ahmad & Ramamurthy

Kerria dubeyi Ahmad & Ramamuthy, in Ahmad et al., 2013b: 446-448.

Tachardia ebrachiata Chamberlin, 1923: 165, 170. Lindinger, 1933: 228.

9 (a) Kerria (Kerria) fici fici (Green)

Tachardia jhangensis: Lindinger, 1933: 228 {lapsus calami}.

Laccifer indica Misra, 1930: 164 {Preoccupied}. Takahashi, 1949: 10.

Coccus gummilaccae Goeze, 1778: 342 {nomen oblitum}.

Carteria lacca Signoret, 1874: 101. Blanchard, 1883: 36-50 {Preoccupied}.